EP1668184B1 - Method for the preparation of a bituminous cold-mix - Google Patents

Method for the preparation of a bituminous cold-mix Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1668184B1
EP1668184B1 EP04816200A EP04816200A EP1668184B1 EP 1668184 B1 EP1668184 B1 EP 1668184B1 EP 04816200 A EP04816200 A EP 04816200A EP 04816200 A EP04816200 A EP 04816200A EP 1668184 B1 EP1668184 B1 EP 1668184B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
binder
temperature
surfacing
bitumens
cold
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EP04816200A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1668184A2 (en
Inventor
Bernard MAHÉ DE LA VILLEGLÉ
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Colas SA
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Colas SA
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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C19/00—Machines, tools or auxiliary devices for preparing or distributing paving materials, for working the placed materials, or for forming, consolidating, or finishing the paving
    • E01C19/48—Machines, tools or auxiliary devices for preparing or distributing paving materials, for working the placed materials, or for forming, consolidating, or finishing the paving for laying-down the materials and consolidating them, or finishing the surface, e.g. slip forms therefor, forming kerbs or gutters in a continuous operation in situ
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C19/00—Machines, tools or auxiliary devices for preparing or distributing paving materials, for working the placed materials, or for forming, consolidating, or finishing the paving
    • E01C19/46—Machines, tools or auxiliary devices for preparing or distributing paving materials, for working the placed materials, or for forming, consolidating, or finishing the paving for preparing and placing the materials, e.g. slurry seals
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C7/00—Coherent pavings made in situ
    • E01C7/08—Coherent pavings made in situ made of road-metal and binders
    • E01C7/18—Coherent pavings made in situ made of road-metal and binders of road-metal and bituminous binders

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for manufacturing a cold bituminous coating for road surfacing, as well as to a device for manufacturing a cold bituminous mix for road surfacing.
  • Bituminous mixes are generally obtained by hot-making (so-called “hot mixes”) or by cold-forming (so-called “cold mixes”).
  • Hot mixes While technically satisfactory, hot mixes are subject to increasing constraints related to the cost of fuels required for temperature rise, the sophistication of manufacturing plants and increasingly stringent environmental laws. Hot mixes do not allow the use of bitumen emulsion, require the drying of materials, require hot installations and cause the release of fumes and dust during manufacture.
  • Cold production consists of kneading aggregates, possibly moistened with a hydrocarbon binder emulsified, which makes it low viscosity, at a temperature close to ambient temperature, that is to say generally at a temperature of 10 ° C. at 20 ° C, on average close to 15 ° C.
  • the aggregates may be pre-coated, before coating with the hydrocarbon binder emulsion.
  • the hydrocarbon binder emulsion we are talking about double-coated cold mixes.
  • the cold manufacturing allows an implementation of the mixes at the manufacturing temperature close to the ambient temperature, the mix having a maneuverability that depends on the ambient temperature, the choice of the binder, the coalescence of the emulsion, the water content and reactivity of aggregates with respect to the chemical nature of the binder.
  • Cold mixes are free from many constraints related to hot mixes, but have defects: on the one hand, the coating may be of poor quality, and on the other hand, the handling may be low, which may have consequences on the performance of the structure, in terms of elasticity, fatigue resistance, strength and cohesion of the surface (poor geometric quality of the surface).
  • the patent FR-2732239 describes generally a process which, from any cold mix, based on viscous bitumen, allows to obtain, by a non-drying reheating, a warm workable coating and its laying at about 100 ° C.
  • bituminous emulsions must be obtained in the kneaders, that is to say that before the heating, the bituminous coating emulsion has undergone a change of state important and therefore rheology.
  • heating at a temperature of about 100 ° C, relatively high temperature will significantly change the rheology of the asphalt during installation.
  • a dryer drum of a hot coating station does not provide a controlled warming at a temperature of 30 to 65 ° C.
  • the Applicant has discovered that the use of a specific step of raising the temperature of the cold bituminous mix after coating, that is to say after the mixing of the aggregates and the binder , allowed to achieve the above objectives and solve the problems of the prior art.
  • the invention therefore relates to a process for producing a cold bituminous coating for a road surface, obtained by coating aggregates with an emulsion bituminous binder, the granules possibly being precoated with a hydrocarbon binder, said process comprising, after coating and preferably without prior breaking of the bituminous binder emulsion, one or more steps of heating the bituminous mix to obtain a temperature of the bitumen, at the time of its at 65 ° C.
  • the asphalt binder in coating emulsion is a cationic emulsion of bitumen.
  • the aggregates may be precoated with a hydrocarbon binder, before coating with the binder bituminous emulsion.
  • This pre-coating may be carried out either hot, for example with an anhydrous hydrocarbon binder, or cold, with a bituminous binder in emulsion.
  • binders used for pre-coating mention may be made of cationic emulsions of bitumen and pure bitumens conventionally used in asphalt for wearing courses.
  • This double coating allows a complete coating of all aggregates. There is thus a reduction in the risks of segregation and an increase in the mechanical performance of the asphalt.
  • the temperature can be chosen in particular depending on the nature of the binder, the water content of the mix and weather conditions when using the mix. Generally, the temperature is raised to obtain a temperature at the time of use of 30 to 65 ° C, preferably 30 to 60 ° C, more preferably 40 to 60 ° C, and more preferably 50 to 55 ° C. ° C, typically an elevation of 15 to 40 ° C for an ambient temperature of 15 ° C.
  • operating temperature is meant the temperature of the mix during spreading or compaction.
  • the choice of the temperature rise is also done taking into account possibly transport, so that the mix has the required temperature for its implementation.
  • An important aspect of the process of the present invention in a preferred form is that there is no breakage of the binder emulsion before the heating step and in particular it is preferable to avoid any breakage of the emulsion in the kneading steps.
  • the bituminous coating emulsion according to the invention does not undergo any significant change of state and therefore of rheology before its implementation.
  • the process according to the invention can be used to manufacture all types of cold bituminous mixes.
  • bituminous binder can be natural or synthetic.
  • the binder is generally a hydrocarbon binder chosen from road bitumens, pure bitumens, fluxed or fluidized bitumens, polymer-modified bitumens, semi-blown bitumens, bitumens partially modified with blown bitumen, and all combinations of these bitumens.
  • polymers that can be used for modifying bitumens mention may be made of styrene-butadiene copolymers, styrene-isoprene copolymers, ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymers, terpolymers, such as, for example, the compound of an ethylenic chain with functional groups of butyl acrylate and methyl glycidyl acrylate which ensures a good stability of the bitumen / polymer mixture, the elastomers and plastomers allowing a significant improvement of the resistance to cracking and hulling.
  • EVA ethylene-vinyl acetate
  • the aggregates generally have a particle size selected in the range 0 / D max , D max being the maximum diameter of the aggregate as defined by the standard XP P 18-540 and generally ranging from 4 to 31.5 mm.
  • the aggregates used in the process according to the invention can be any type of aggregate usually used for the manufacture of bituminous mixes, for example natural or synthetic materials such as slags, slags, machefers, asphalt aggregates, and mixtures in all proportions of these materials.
  • asphalt aggregates are recycling materials derived in particular from the milling of old bituminous coatings.
  • the cold-rolled bituminous mix according to the invention comprises from 5 to 12%, preferably from 7 to 10% by weight of binder relative to the weight of the aggregates.
  • the cold bituminous mix obtained by the process according to the invention can be opened (void percentage greater than 15% by volume), semi-dense (void percentage between 10 and 15% by volume) or dense (percentage of void less than 10% by volume). This is achieved by varying in the final blend the proportion of aggregates 0 / d, where 1 ⁇ d ⁇ x, where x may be 2 mm, 4 mm or 6.3 mm.
  • the cold bituminous mix obtained by the process according to the invention may also be storable or non-storable.
  • the bituminous cold mix warmer obtained by the process according to the invention can be for example a serious-emulsion, a bituminous concrete emulsion or a severe cold bitumen.
  • the method according to the invention comprises, after the coating, one or more steps of raising the temperature of the mix by heating the mix at a temperature of 30 ° C to 65 ° C.
  • the asphalt obtained is optionally stored and then transported to the site of the site, if the coating was not carried out on site, to be implemented.
  • the asphalt is generally used by a spreading step on the pavement and a compaction step.
  • the cold mix is heated before spreading, that is to say after the coating and before or after transport to the place of application, if any, that there is or not a storage phase, and / or during spreading and / or after spreading during compaction.
  • the flux of the mix is generally between 50 and 250 tonnes / hour.
  • the heating results in particular in increasing the temperature of the binder and the water present in the mix.
  • the increase in the temperature of the binder will considerably modify its viscosity and thus influence the quality of the coating and the workability of the mix.
  • the heating is carried out by one or more heating means chosen from infra-red radiation, ultraviolet radiation, microwave waves, high frequency waves and bringing the bituminous mixture into contact with the substrate. hot air.
  • heating means chosen from infra-red radiation, ultraviolet radiation, microwave waves, high frequency waves and bringing the bituminous mixture into contact with the substrate. hot air.
  • the invention also relates to a method of manufacturing road pavement with a cold bituminous coating obtained by coating aggregates with an emulsion bituminous binder, the granules possibly being precoated with a hydrocarbon binder, said process comprising one or more stages of elevation of the temperature of the mix as defined above.
  • the position of the means for raising the temperature of the aggregates and the binder depends on the time at which the temperature rise is effected during the cold bituminous mix operation.
  • a means for raising the temperature of the mix is positioned at the kneader, the heating being of course carried out after the cold mix has been produced.
  • a means for raising the temperature of the bit is positioned after the kneader.
  • a means for raising the temperature of the mix is positioned at the transfer elements of the mix.
  • the device according to the invention comprises a means for spreading the bituminous mix and a means for compacting the bituminous mix, a means for raising the temperature of the bitumen being positioned at the level of the medium. compaction of the asphalt or between the spreading means and the compaction means.
  • a heating device that is suitable for carrying out the process of the invention is an aggregate heating tube.
  • the invention is illustrated by the following example.
  • the aggregates and the bituminous binder in emulsion are conditioned at the same temperature.
  • bituminous binder represents 8% by weight of the weight of the bituminous mix.
  • the coating of the aggregates with the bituminous binder is carried out cold in a kneader.
  • the initial water content in the resulting mixes is 6% by weight.
  • the mixes are brought to a temperature of 15 ° C. (no step of raising the temperature according to the invention), 30 ° C. (the temperature was raised according to the invention) or possibly 50 ° C. (the temperature was elevated according to the invention).
  • Asphalt mixes are subject to density and rutting resistance measurements.
  • Density is measured using a gyratory shear press. The void percentage is measured at 10, 60 or 200 gir. according to standard NF P 98-252.
  • the rut resistance test is carried out according to standard NF P 95-253-2.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Road Paving Structures (AREA)
  • Working-Up Tar And Pitch (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
  • Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
  • Road Paving Machines (AREA)

Abstract

Chippings can be pre-coated with a hydrocarbonated binder. After coating, there are one or more stages of heating the surfacing to obtain a rise in temperature of the surfacing of 10-100[deg]C. The temperature is raised to obtain a temperature at the moment of use of 30 to 60[deg]C, preferably 40-60[deg]C, more preferably 50-55[deg]C. The cold surfacing obtained after surfacing is put into operation by spreading it on the road and compacting it. The cold surfacing is heated before and/or during spreading and/or after spreading during compacting. The heating is done by one or more heaters chosen from an infra-red radiator; an ultra-violet radiator; microwave waves; high frequency waves and putting the surfacing in contact with hot air. The binder is chosen from road bitumens; pure bitumens, fluxed or fluidized bitumens, bitumens partially modified by blown bitumen and all combinations of these. The cold bitumen surfacing contains between 5 and 12%, preferably between 7 and 10% chippings by weight. An independent claim is made for a device for the production of the above cold bitumen surfacing, with a hopper for the chippings before coating; a mixer on a lorry or in a fixed position, allowing the chippings to be coated with the binder; an application table allowing the surfacing to be applied to the road; means of transferring the surfacing to the application table, and means of heating the surfacing to a temperature between 10 and 100[deg]C. The heater(s) are by the mixer and/or after the mixer and/or by the means of transfer to the application table. The device also includes means of spreading and then compacting the surface with a heater on the compactor or between the spreader and the compactor.

Description

L'invention se rapporte à un procédé de fabrication d'un enrobé bitumineux à froid pour revêtement routier, ainsi qu'à un dispositif de fabrication d'un enrobé bitumineux à froid pour revêtement routier.The invention relates to a method for manufacturing a cold bituminous coating for road surfacing, as well as to a device for manufacturing a cold bituminous mix for road surfacing.

Les enrobés bitumineux sont généralement obtenus par fabrication à chaud (enrobés dits « à chaud ») ou bien par fabrication à froid (enrobés dits « à froid »).Bituminous mixes are generally obtained by hot-making (so-called "hot mixes") or by cold-forming (so-called "cold mixes").

La fabrication à chaud consiste à sécher et à chauffer des granulats à une température supérieure à 100°C, et à les malaxer avec un liant hydrocarboné anhydre, fluide et peu visqueux à cette température. La fabrication à chaud permet généralement :

  • un bon enrobage de toutes les fractions par dispersion du liant de façon intime et homogène,
  • une mise en oeuvre à une température suffisante pour que l'enrobé répandu et compacté atteigne un niveau de compacité et des caractéristiques de planéité visées conformes aux règles habituellement utilisées par l'homme du métier,
  • une augmentation de la résistance mécanique de l'enrobé au cours du refroidissement pour atteindre la cohésion nécessaire permettant la mise en circulation de la chaussée.
Hot manufacture consists of drying and heating aggregates at a temperature above 100 ° C, and kneading with a hydrocarbon binder anhydrous, fluid and low viscosity at this temperature. Hot work generally allows:
  • a good coating of all the fractions by dispersion of the binder intimately and homogeneously,
  • an implementation at a temperature sufficient for the asphalt spread and compacted to achieve a level of compactness and flatness characteristics referred to in accordance with the rules usually used by those skilled in the art,
  • an increase in the mechanical strength of the asphalt during cooling to achieve the necessary cohesion for the circulation of the roadway.

Tout en donnant techniquement satisfaction, les enrobés à chaud sont sujets à des contraintes croissantes liées au coût des combustibles nécessaires à l'élévation de température, à la sophistication des usines de fabrication et aux cadres de plus en plus strictes des lois environnementales. Les enrobés à chaud ne permettent pas l'utilisation de l'émulsion de bitume, obligent à sécher les matériaux, nécessitent des installations à chaud et provoquent des dégagements de fumées et de poussières lors de la fabrication.While technically satisfactory, hot mixes are subject to increasing constraints related to the cost of fuels required for temperature rise, the sophistication of manufacturing plants and increasingly stringent environmental laws. Hot mixes do not allow the use of bitumen emulsion, require the drying of materials, require hot installations and cause the release of fumes and dust during manufacture.

La fabrication à froid consiste à malaxer des granulats, éventuellement humidifiés, avec un liant hydrocarboné mis en émulsion, ce qui le rend peu visqueux, à une température proche de la température ambiante, c'est-à-dire généralement à une température de 10 à 20°C, en moyenne voisine de 15°C.Cold production consists of kneading aggregates, possibly moistened with a hydrocarbon binder emulsified, which makes it low viscosity, at a temperature close to ambient temperature, that is to say generally at a temperature of 10 ° C. at 20 ° C, on average close to 15 ° C.

Eventuellement, les granulats peuvent faire l'objet d'un préenrobage, avant l'enrobage par le liant hydrocarboné en émulsion. On parle dans ce cas d'enrobés à froid à double enrobage.Optionally, the aggregates may be pre-coated, before coating with the hydrocarbon binder emulsion. In this case, we are talking about double-coated cold mixes.

La fabrication à froid permet une mise en oeuvre des enrobés à la température de fabrication proche de la température ambiante, l'enrobé ayant une maniabilité qui dépend de la température ambiante, du choix du liant, de la coalescence de l'émulsion, de la teneur en eau et de la réactivité des granulats par rapport à la nature chimique du liant.The cold manufacturing allows an implementation of the mixes at the manufacturing temperature close to the ambient temperature, the mix having a maneuverability that depends on the ambient temperature, the choice of the binder, the coalescence of the emulsion, the water content and reactivity of aggregates with respect to the chemical nature of the binder.

Les enrobés à froid s'affranchissent de beaucoup de contraintes liées aux enrobés à chaud, mais présentent toutefois des défauts : d'une part, l'enrobage peut être de qualité médiocre, et d'autre part, la maniabilité peut être faible, ce qui peut avoir des conséquences sur les performances de l'ouvrage réalisé, en terme d'élasticité, de résistance à la fatigue, de tenue et de cohésion de la surface (mauvaise qualité géométrique de la surface).Cold mixes are free from many constraints related to hot mixes, but have defects: on the one hand, the coating may be of poor quality, and on the other hand, the handling may be low, which may have consequences on the performance of the structure, in terms of elasticity, fatigue resistance, strength and cohesion of the surface (poor geometric quality of the surface).

Le brevet FR-2732239 décrit de manière générale un procédé qui, à partir d'un quelconque enrobé à froid, à base de bitume visqueux, permet d'obtenir, par un réchauffage non séchant, un enrobé chaud ouvrable et sa pose aux environs de 100°C.The patent FR-2732239 describes generally a process which, from any cold mix, based on viscous bitumen, allows to obtain, by a non-drying reheating, a warm workable coating and its laying at about 100 ° C.

Il est également indiqué dans ce brevet que la rupture adhésive au moins partielle des émulsions bitumineuses doit être obtenue dans les malaxeurs, c'est à dire, qu'avant le réchauffement, l'émulsion bitumineuse d'enrobage a subi un changement d'état d'important et donc de rhéologie.It is also stated in this patent that the at least partial adhesive break of the bituminous emulsions must be obtained in the kneaders, that is to say that before the heating, the bituminous coating emulsion has undergone a change of state important and therefore rheology.

En outre, un réchauffage à une température d'environ 100°C, température relativement très élevée, va encore modifier notablement la rhéologie de l'enrobé lors de la pose.In addition, heating at a temperature of about 100 ° C, relatively high temperature, will significantly change the rheology of the asphalt during installation.

De plus, l'utilisation d'un tambour sécheur d'un poste d'enrobage à chaud ne permet pas d'obtenir un tiédissement contrôlé à une température de 30 à 65°C.In addition, the use of a dryer drum of a hot coating station does not provide a controlled warming at a temperature of 30 to 65 ° C.

Le but de la présente invention est donc de remédier aux problèmes précédents, et de proposer un procédé de fabrication d'un enrobé bitumineux à froid qui permet :

  • de maîtriser la coalescence de l'émulsion du liant bitumineux ;
  • de diminuer le grade du liant bitumineux ;
  • d'améliorer la maniabilité de l'enrobé par diminution de la viscosité du liant bitumineux et donc d'augmenter la compacité en place après mise en oeuvre et compactage ;
  • d'améliorer la cohésion et la rapidité de prise de cohésion de l'enrobé afin d'obtenir un durcissement accéléré de la surface, limitant ainsi les problèmes de sensibilité de tenue de surface connus chez les enrobés à froid de l'art antérieur et gênant leur développement (par exemple, marques de pneus d'engins agricoles lors des premiers jours de la mise en exploitation de la chaussée);
  • d'améliorer la qualité de l'enrobage des granulats, ce qui est déterminant pour la bonne tenue de l'enrobé à l'action de l'eau, ainsi qu'aux agressions de surface, au plumage et au mittage ;
  • de diminuer la teneur en eau résiduelle de l'enrobé pour augmenter la vitesse de mûrissement des enrobés et donc réduire le délai de mise en circulation de la surface ;
  • d'augmenter les résistances mécaniques à terme ;
The purpose of the present invention is therefore to overcome the above problems, and to propose a method of manufacturing a cold bituminous mix that allows:
  • control the coalescence of the emulsion of the bituminous binder;
  • to reduce the grade of the bituminous binder;
  • improve the workability of the asphalt by reducing the viscosity of the bituminous binder and thus increase the compactness in place after implementation and compaction;
  • to improve the cohesion and the speed of setting cohesion of the mix in order to obtain an accelerated hardening of the surface, thus limiting the surface resistance sensitivity problems known in cold mixes of the prior art and annoying their development (for example, tire brands of agricultural machinery during the first days of the start of the roadway);
  • to improve the quality of the coating of aggregates, which is decisive for the good behavior of the mix with the action of water, as well as surface aggressions, plumage and mittage;
  • to reduce the residual water content of the asphalt to increase the speed of ripening of the asphalt and thus reduce the time to circulate the surface;
  • to increase the mechanical resistance at term;

A cet effet, la Demanderesse a découvert que l'utilisation d'une étape spécifique d'élévation de la température de l'enrobé bitumineux à froid après l'enrobage, c'est-à-dire après le malaxage des granulats et du liant, permettait d'atteindre les objectifs précédents et de résoudre les problèmes de l'art antérieur.For this purpose, the Applicant has discovered that the use of a specific step of raising the temperature of the cold bituminous mix after coating, that is to say after the mixing of the aggregates and the binder , allowed to achieve the above objectives and solve the problems of the prior art.

L'invention concerne donc un procédé de fabrication d'un enrobé bitumineux à froid pour revêtement routier, obtenu par enrobage de granulats par un liant bitumineux en émulsion, les granulats pouvant être éventuellement préenrobés par liant hydrocarboné, ledit procédé comprenant, après l'enrobage, et de préférence sans qu'il y ait eu rupture préalable de l'émulsion de liant bitumineux, une ou plusieurs étapes de chauffage de l'enrobé pour obtenir une température de l'enrobé, au moment de sa mise en oeuvre, de 30 à 65°C.The invention therefore relates to a process for producing a cold bituminous coating for a road surface, obtained by coating aggregates with an emulsion bituminous binder, the granules possibly being precoated with a hydrocarbon binder, said process comprising, after coating and preferably without prior breaking of the bituminous binder emulsion, one or more steps of heating the bituminous mix to obtain a temperature of the bitumen, at the time of its at 65 ° C.

De préférence, le liant bitumineux en émulsion d'enrobage est une émulsion cationique de bitume.Preferably, the asphalt binder in coating emulsion is a cationic emulsion of bitumen.

Comme indiqué précédemment, les granulats peuvent être préenrobés par un liant hydrocarboné, avant l'enrobage par le liant bitumineux en émulsion. Ce préenrobage peut être effectué soit à chaud, par exemple avec un liant hydrocarboné anhydre, soit à froid, avec un liant bitumineux en émulsion.As indicated above, the aggregates may be precoated with a hydrocarbon binder, before coating with the binder bituminous emulsion. This pre-coating may be carried out either hot, for example with an anhydrous hydrocarbon binder, or cold, with a bituminous binder in emulsion.

Comme liants utilisables pour le préenrobage, on peut citer les émulsions cationiques de bitume et les bitumes purs classiquement utilisés en enrobés pour les couches de roulement.As binders used for pre-coating, mention may be made of cationic emulsions of bitumen and pure bitumens conventionally used in asphalt for wearing courses.

Ce double enrobage (préenrobage puis enrobage) permet un enrobage complet de tous les granulats. Il y a ainsi une réduction des risques de ségrégation et une augmentation des performances mécaniques de l'enrobé.This double coating (pre-coating then coating) allows a complete coating of all aggregates. There is thus a reduction in the risks of segregation and an increase in the mechanical performance of the asphalt.

Comme enrobé à froid ayant été formulé par préenrobage puis enrobage, on peut citer le COMPOMAC M2 commercialisé en outre par la société SCREG OUEST.As cold-coated having been formulated by pre-coating and then coating, mention may be made of the COMPOMAC M2 sold further by SCREG Ouest.

La température peut être choisie notamment en fonction de la nature du liant, de la teneur en eau de l'enrobé et des conditions météorologiques lors de l'utilisation de l'enrobé. Généralement, la température est élevée de manière à obtenir une température au moment de la mise en oeuvre de 30 à 65°C, de préférence de 30 à 60°C, mieux de 40 à 60°C, et mieux encore de 50 à 55°C, typiquement une élévation de 15 à 40°C pour une température ambiante de 15°C.The temperature can be chosen in particular depending on the nature of the binder, the water content of the mix and weather conditions when using the mix. Generally, the temperature is raised to obtain a temperature at the time of use of 30 to 65 ° C, preferably 30 to 60 ° C, more preferably 40 to 60 ° C, and more preferably 50 to 55 ° C. ° C, typically an elevation of 15 to 40 ° C for an ambient temperature of 15 ° C.

Par température de mise en oeuvre, on entend la température de l'enrobé lors de l'épandage ou du compactage.By operating temperature is meant the temperature of the mix during spreading or compaction.

Le choix de l'élévation de température se fait également compte tenu éventuellement du transport, de telle sorte que l'enrobé ait la température requise pour sa mise en oeuvre.The choice of the temperature rise is also done taking into account possibly transport, so that the mix has the required temperature for its implementation.

Dans tous les cas, on veillera à ne pas provoquer la vaporisation de l'eau comprise dans l'enrobé.In all cases, care must be taken not to provoke the vaporization of the water included in the mix.

Un aspect important du procédé de la présente invention dans une forme préférée est qu'il n'y a pas de rupture de l'émulsion de liant avant l'étape de chauffage et notamment il faut de préférence éviter toute rupture de l'émulsion dans les étapes de malaxage. Ainsi, l'émulsion bitumineuse d'enrobage selon l'invention ne subit pas de changement d'état important et donc de rhéologie avant sa mise en oeuvre.An important aspect of the process of the present invention in a preferred form is that there is no breakage of the binder emulsion before the heating step and in particular it is preferable to avoid any breakage of the emulsion in the kneading steps. Thus, the bituminous coating emulsion according to the invention does not undergo any significant change of state and therefore of rheology before its implementation.

Le procédé selon l'invention peut être utilisé pour fabriquer tous types d'enrobés bitumineux à froid.The process according to the invention can be used to manufacture all types of cold bituminous mixes.

Ainsi, le liant bitumineux peut être naturel ou de synthèse. Le liant est généralement un liant hydrocarboné choisi parmi les bitumes routiers, les bitumes purs, les bitumes fluxés ou fluidifiés, les bitumes modifiés par des polymères, les bitumes semi-soufflés, les bitumes partiellement modifiés par du bitume soufflé, et toutes les combinaisons de ces bitumes.Thus, the bituminous binder can be natural or synthetic. The binder is generally a hydrocarbon binder chosen from road bitumens, pure bitumens, fluxed or fluidized bitumens, polymer-modified bitumens, semi-blown bitumens, bitumens partially modified with blown bitumen, and all combinations of these bitumens.

Les bétons modifiés par des polymères sont définis par la norme NF EN 125291 et le document "Guide Technique : emploi des liants modifiés, des bitumes spéciaux et des bitumes avec additifs en techniques routières" publié par le Laboratoire Central des Ponts et Chaussées LCPC ISSN 1151 -1516 ISBN 2-7208-7140-4).The concretes modified with polymers are defined by the NF EN 125291 standard and the document "Technical Guide: use of modified binders, special bitumens and bitumens with additives in road engineering" published by the Central Laboratory of Bridges and Roads LCPC ISSN 1151 -1516 ISBN 2-7208-7140-4).

Parmi les polymères utilisables pour modifier les bitumes, on peut citer les copolymères styrène-butadiène, les copolymères styrène-isoprène, les copolymères éthylène-acétate de vinyle (EVA), les terpolymères, tel que par exemple le composé d'une chaîne éthylénique avec des groupements fonctionnels d'acrylate de butyle et de glycidyl acrylate de méthyle qui assure une bonne stabilité au mélange bitume/polymère, les élastomères et les plastomères permettant une amélioration importante des résistances à la fissuration et à l'omiérage.Among the polymers that can be used for modifying bitumens, mention may be made of styrene-butadiene copolymers, styrene-isoprene copolymers, ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymers, terpolymers, such as, for example, the compound of an ethylenic chain with functional groups of butyl acrylate and methyl glycidyl acrylate which ensures a good stability of the bitumen / polymer mixture, the elastomers and plastomers allowing a significant improvement of the resistance to cracking and hulling.

Les granulats ont généralement une granulométrie choisie dans la gamme 0/Dmax, Dmax étant le diamètre maximal du granulat tel que défini selon la norme XP P 18-540 et allant en général de 4 à 31,5 mm.The aggregates generally have a particle size selected in the range 0 / D max , D max being the maximum diameter of the aggregate as defined by the standard XP P 18-540 and generally ranging from 4 to 31.5 mm.

Les granulats utilisés dans le procédé selon l'invention peuvent être tous types de granulats habituellement utilisés pour la fabrication d'enrobés bitumineux, par exemple des matériaux naturels ou synthétiques tels que les laitiers, les scories, les machefers, les agrégats d'enrobés, et des mélanges en toutes proportions de ces matériaux.The aggregates used in the process according to the invention can be any type of aggregate usually used for the manufacture of bituminous mixes, for example natural or synthetic materials such as slags, slags, machefers, asphalt aggregates, and mixtures in all proportions of these materials.

Comme cela est connu dans la technique, les agrégats d'enrobés sont des matériaux de recyclage provenant notamment du fraisage des revêtements bitumineux anciens.As is known in the art, asphalt aggregates are recycling materials derived in particular from the milling of old bituminous coatings.

De façon avantageuse, l'enrobé bitumineux à froid tiédi selon l'invention comprend de 5 à 12 %, de préférence de 7 à 10 % en poids de liant par rapport au poids des granulats.Advantageously, the cold-rolled bituminous mix according to the invention comprises from 5 to 12%, preferably from 7 to 10% by weight of binder relative to the weight of the aggregates.

L'enrobé bitumineux à froid tiédi obtenu par le procédé selon l'invention peut être ouvert (pourcentage de vide supérieur à 15% en volume), semi-dense (pourcentage de vide compris entre 10 et 15% en volume) ou dense (pourcentage de vide inférieur à 10% en volume). Cela est obtenu en faisant varier dans le mélange final la proportion de granulats 0/d, où 1 < d ≤ x, où x peut être égal à 2 mm, 4 mm ou 6,3 mm.The cold bituminous mix obtained by the process according to the invention can be opened (void percentage greater than 15% by volume), semi-dense (void percentage between 10 and 15% by volume) or dense (percentage of void less than 10% by volume). This is achieved by varying in the final blend the proportion of aggregates 0 / d, where 1 <d ≤ x, where x may be 2 mm, 4 mm or 6.3 mm.

L'enrobé bitumineux à froid tiédi obtenu par le procédé selon l'invention peut également être stockable ou non stockable.The cold bituminous mix obtained by the process according to the invention may also be storable or non-storable.

L'enrobé bitumineux à froid tiédi obtenu par le procédé selon l'invention peut être par exemple une grave-émulsion, un béton bitumineux à l'émulsion ou une grave bitume à froid.The bituminous cold mix warmer obtained by the process according to the invention can be for example a serious-emulsion, a bituminous concrete emulsion or a severe cold bitumen.

Comme expliqué précédemment, le procédé selon l'invention comprend, après l'enrobage, une ou plusieurs étapes d'élévation de la température de l'enrobé par chauffage de l'enrobé à une température de 30°C à 65°C.As explained above, the method according to the invention comprises, after the coating, one or more steps of raising the temperature of the mix by heating the mix at a temperature of 30 ° C to 65 ° C.

Généralement, après l'enrobage, l'enrobé obtenu est éventuellement stocké, puis transporté sur le lieu du chantier, si l'enrobage n'a pas été effectué sur le chantier, pour être mis en oeuvre.Generally, after coating, the asphalt obtained is optionally stored and then transported to the site of the site, if the coating was not carried out on site, to be implemented.

L'enrobé est généralement mis en oeuvre par une étape d'épandage sur la chaussée et une étape de compactage. Ainsi, l'enrobé à froid est chauffé avant l'épandage, c'est-à-dire après l'enrobage et avant ou après le transport sur le lieu d'application, s'il y a lieu, qu'il y ait ou non une phase de stockage, et/ou pendant l'épandage et/ou après l'épandage au cours du compactage.The asphalt is generally used by a spreading step on the pavement and a compaction step. Thus, the cold mix is heated before spreading, that is to say after the coating and before or after transport to the place of application, if any, that there is or not a storage phase, and / or during spreading and / or after spreading during compaction.

Au cours de l'épandage, le flux de l'enrobé est généralement compris entre 50 et 250 tonnes/heure.During spreading, the flux of the mix is generally between 50 and 250 tonnes / hour.

Le chauffage entraîne notamment l'augmentation de la température du liant et de l'eau présents dans l'enrobé. L'augmentation de la température du liant va considérablement modifier sa viscosité et donc influencer la qualité de l'enrobage et la maniabilité de l'enrobé.The heating results in particular in increasing the temperature of the binder and the water present in the mix. The increase in the temperature of the binder will considerably modify its viscosity and thus influence the quality of the coating and the workability of the mix.

Avantageusement, le chauffage est effectué par un ou plusieurs moyens de chauffage choisis parmi un rayonnement infra-rouge, un rayonnement ultra-violet, des ondes micro-ondes, des ondes haute fréquence et une mise en contact de l'enrobé avec de l'air chaud.Advantageously, the heating is carried out by one or more heating means chosen from infra-red radiation, ultraviolet radiation, microwave waves, high frequency waves and bringing the bituminous mixture into contact with the substrate. hot air.

Pour tiédir l'enrobé à froid, selon le procédé de l'invention, sans nuire à la qualité du bitume de l'enrobé, on doit utiliser un matériel qui ne risque pas de provoquer une combustion en tout ou partie du bitume, tels que les tubes réchauffeurs d'agrégats.To cool the cold mix, according to the process of the invention, without affecting the quality of the asphalt of the mix, one must use a material which does not risk of causing combustion of all or part of the bitumen, such as the aggregate heating tubes.

L'invention concerne encore un procédé de fabrication de revêtement routier par un enrobé bitumineux à froid obtenu par enrobage de granulats par un liant bitumineux en émulsion, les granulats pouvant être éventuellement préenrobés par un liant hydrocarboné, ledit procédé comprenant une ou plusieurs étapes d'élévation de la température de l'enrobé telles que définies précédemment.The invention also relates to a method of manufacturing road pavement with a cold bituminous coating obtained by coating aggregates with an emulsion bituminous binder, the granules possibly being precoated with a hydrocarbon binder, said process comprising one or more stages of elevation of the temperature of the mix as defined above.

L'invention concerne enfin un dispositif de fabrication d'un enrobé bitumineux à froid pour revêtement routier, obtenu par enrobage de granulats par un liant bitumineux en émulsion, les granulats pouvant être éventuellement préenrobés par un liant hydrocarboné, ledit dispositif comprenant :

  • une trémie contenant les granulats avant enrobage,
  • un malaxeur, sur chantier ou en poste fixe, permettant l'enrobage des granulats par le liant,
  • une table d'application permettant l'application de l'enrobé sur la chaussée,
  • des éléments de transfert de l'enrobé vers la table d'application, ledit dispositif comprenant en outre un ou plusieurs moyens d'élévation de la température de l'enrobé à une température de 30°C à 65°C.
Finally, the invention relates to a device for producing a cold bituminous coating for a road surface, obtained by coating aggregates with a bituminous binder in emulsion, the granules possibly being pre-coated with a hydrocarbon binder, said device comprising:
  • a hopper containing the aggregates before coating,
  • a mixer, on site or in a fixed station, enabling the granules to be coated with the binder,
  • an application table allowing the asphalt to be applied to the pavement,
  • transfer elements of the mix to the application table, said device further comprising one or more means for raising the temperature of the mix at a temperature of 30 ° C to 65 ° C.

La position du ou des moyens d'élévation de la température des granulats et du liant dépend du ou des moments auxquels sont effectués cette élévation de température au cours de la mise en oeuvre de l'enrobé bitumineux à froid.The position of the means for raising the temperature of the aggregates and the binder depends on the time at which the temperature rise is effected during the cold bituminous mix operation.

Selon un premier mode de réalisation, un moyen d'élévation de la température de l'enrobé est positionné au niveau du malaxeur, le chauffage étant bien entendu effectué après la réalisation de l'enrobé à froid.According to a first embodiment, a means for raising the temperature of the mix is positioned at the kneader, the heating being of course carried out after the cold mix has been produced.

Selon un deuxième mode de réalisation, un moyen d'élévation de la température de l'enrobé est positionné après le malaxeur.According to a second embodiment, a means for raising the temperature of the bit is positioned after the kneader.

Selon un troisième mode de réalisation, un moyen d'élévation de la température de l'enrobé est positionné au niveau des éléments de transfert de l'enrobé.According to a third embodiment, a means for raising the temperature of the mix is positioned at the transfer elements of the mix.

Selon un quatrième mode de réalisation, le dispositif selon l'invention comprend un moyen de répandage de l'enrobé et un moyen de compactage de l'enrobé, un moyen d'élévation de la température de l'enrobé étant positionné au niveau du moyen de compactage de l'enrobé ou entre le moyen de répandage et le moyen de compactage.According to a fourth embodiment, the device according to the invention comprises a means for spreading the bituminous mix and a means for compacting the bituminous mix, a means for raising the temperature of the bitumen being positioned at the level of the medium. compaction of the asphalt or between the spreading means and the compaction means.

Les dispositifs de chauffage classiques, tels que les tambours sécheurs pour enrobage à chaud, ne permettent pas d'obtenir un tiédissement contrôlé à une température de 30 à 65°C. Comme indiqué précédemment un dispositif de chauffage convenant pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé de l'invention est un tube réchauffeur d'agrégats.Conventional heaters, such as hot-drying drying drums, do not provide controlled heating at a temperature of 30 to 65 ° C. As indicated above, a heating device that is suitable for carrying out the process of the invention is an aggregate heating tube.

L'invention est illustrée par l'exemple suivant.The invention is illustrated by the following example.

ExempleExample

On teste les résistances de 3 enrobés bitumineux à froid de composition identique.The resistances of 3 cold bituminous mixes of identical composition are tested.

Avant l'enrobage, les granulats et le liant bitumineux en émulsion sont conditionnés à la même température.Before coating, the aggregates and the bituminous binder in emulsion are conditioned at the same temperature.

Granulats :Aggregates:

Les granulats utilisés sont des granulats ROL et POMPIER dont la granulométrie est la suivante :

  • classe 0/4 : 50% en poids
  • classe 4/6 : 10% en poids
  • classe 6/10 : 40% en poids
The aggregates used are ROL and POMPIER aggregates whose granulometry is as follows:
  • class 0/4: 50% by weight
  • class 4/6: 10% by weight
  • class 6/10: 40% by weight

Liant bitumineux :Bituminous binder:

Le liant bitumineux représente 8% en poids du poids de l'enrobé.The bituminous binder represents 8% by weight of the weight of the bituminous mix.

Le liant contient :

  • 65% en poids de bitume ESSO PJ 70/100 (soit une teneur en bitume dans l'enrobé de 5,2% en poids)
  • 8 kg/tonne de Polyram S
  • 8 kg/T d'acide chlorhydrique
The binder contains:
  • 65% by weight ESSO PJ 70/100 bitumen (ie bitumen content in the mix of 5.2% by weight)
  • 8 kg / ton of Polyram S
  • 8 kg / T hydrochloric acid

L'enrobage des granulats par le liant bitumineux est effectué à froid dans un malaxeur.The coating of the aggregates with the bituminous binder is carried out cold in a kneader.

La teneur initiale en eau dans les enrobés obtenus est de 6% en poids.The initial water content in the resulting mixes is 6% by weight.

Les enrobés sont portés à une température de 15°C (pas d'étape d'élévation de la température selon l'invention), 30°C (la température a été élevée selon l'invention ) ou éventuellement 50°C (la température a été élevée selon l'invention).The mixes are brought to a temperature of 15 ° C. (no step of raising the temperature according to the invention), 30 ° C. (the temperature was raised according to the invention) or possibly 50 ° C. (the temperature was elevated according to the invention).

Les enrobés sont soumis à des mesures de densité et de tenue à l'orniérage..Asphalt mixes are subject to density and rutting resistance measurements.

RésultatsResults 1) mesure de densité1) density measurement

La densité est mesurée au moyen d'une presse à cisaillement giratoire. On mesure le pourcentage de vide à 10, 60 ou 200 gir. selon la norme NF P 98-252.Density is measured using a gyratory shear press. The void percentage is measured at 10, 60 or 200 gir. according to standard NF P 98-252.

Les résultats sont donnés dans le tableau 2. Tableau 2 Température de l'enrobé et de réalisation de l'essai (°C) % de vide à 10 gir. % de vide à 60 gir. % de vide à 200 gir. 15 27,0 20,2 16,9 30 22,2 16,3 13,6 50 21,1 14,6 11,5 The results are given in Table 2. <u> Table 2 </ u> Temperature of the asphalt mix and the realization of the test (° C) % vacuum to 10 gir. % vacuum to 60 gir. % empty to 200 gir. 15 27.0 20.2 16.9 30 22.2 16.3 13.6 50 21.1 14.6 11.5

Ces résultats montrent que le pourcentage de vide diminue lorsque la température augmente. La diminution du pourcentage de vide correspond à une plus grande compacité et donc à une meilleure maniabilité de l'enrobé, en particulier sur site.These results show that the void percentage decreases as the temperature increases. The reduction of the void percentage corresponds to a greater compactness and therefore to a better maneuverability of the asphalt, in particular on site.

2) mesure de la résistance à l'orniérage2) measurement of rutting resistance

Le test de tenue à l'orniérage est réalisé selon la norme NF P 95-253-2.The rut resistance test is carried out according to standard NF P 95-253-2.

Les plaques sont conservées pendant 21 jours à 35°C. Les résultats sont donnés dans le tableau 3. Tableau 3 Température de l'enrobé (°C) Orniérage à 10 000 cycles 15 11,3% 30 6,9 % The plates are stored for 21 days at 35 ° C. The results are given in Table 3. <u> Table 3 </ u> Asphalt temperature (° C) Rutting at 10,000 cycles 15 11.3% 30 6.9%

Ces résultats montrent que la tenue à l'orniérage augmente avec la température. Cela traduit une meilleure résistance mécanique de l'enrobé et moins de déformation potentielle du revêtement sous l'effet du trafic.These results show that the resistance to rutting increases with temperature. This reflects better mechanical strength of the asphalt and less potential deformation of the coating under the effect of traffic.

Claims (9)

  1. A method of cold fabricating an asphalt mix for road surfacing, the mix being obtained by coating aggregate in a bituminous binder in emulsion form, the aggregate possibly being precoated in a hydrocarbon binder, the method being characterized in that, after coating, and without rupture in the emulsion of the bituminous binder, it includes one or more steps of heating the aggregate to obtain an aggregate temperature at the moment of laying that lies in the range 30°C to 65°C.
  2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the temperature is raised so as to obtain a temperature at the moment of laying that lies in the range 30°C to 60°C, preferably 40°C to 60°C. better 50°C to 55°C.
  3. A method according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterized in that the cold aggregate obtained after coating is laid by a step of spreading on the roadway and by a compacting step, the cold asphalt being heated before and/or during spreading, and/or after spreading during compacting.
  4. A method according to any preceding claim, characterized in that the heating is performed by one or more heater means selected from: infrared radiation; ultraviolet radiation; microwaves; high frequency waves; and putting the asphalt into contact with hot air.
  5. A method according to any preceding claim, characterized in that the binder is selected from road bitumens; pure bitumens; fluxed or fluidized bitumens; bitumens modified by polymers; semi-blown bitumens; bitumens partially modified by blown bitumen; and any combination of such bitumens.
  6. A method according to any preceding claim, characterized in that the bituminous binder in emulsion form is a cationic emulsion.
  7. A method according to any preceding claim, characterized in that the cold asphalt mix comprises 5% to 12%, preferably 7% to 10% by weight of binder relative to the weight of aggregate.
  8. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the aggregate is constituted completely or in part by asphalt aggregate.
  9. A method of fabricating a road surface by a cold asphalt mix obtained by coating aggregate with a bituminous binder in emulsion form, the aggregate possibly being precoated in a hydrocarbon binder, the method being characterized in that it includes one or more steps of raising the temperature of the asphalt, as defined in any one of claims 1 to 8.
EP04816200A 2003-09-19 2004-09-17 Method for the preparation of a bituminous cold-mix Expired - Lifetime EP1668184B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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FR0350579A FR2860011B1 (en) 2003-09-19 2003-09-19 PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING COLD-BITUMINOUS ENROBE AND DEVICE
PCT/FR2004/050444 WO2005028756A2 (en) 2003-09-19 2004-09-17 Method for cold production of a bituminous coating and corresponding device

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EP1668184B1 true EP1668184B1 (en) 2011-09-14

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FR2927086B1 (en) * 2008-02-01 2010-03-19 Eurovia USE OF AN EXOTHERMIC MIXTURE FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF A BITUMINOUS COAT.
FR2960890B1 (en) 2010-06-04 2021-11-26 Eurovia PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING COLD HYDROCARBON ASPHALT, COLD HYDROCARBON ASPHALT WITH CONTROLLED WORKABILITY AND THEIR USE FOR THE REALIZATION OF ROAD COATINGS
FR2986006B1 (en) * 2012-01-23 2015-10-16 Colas Sa METHODS OF MANUFACTURING HYDROCARBON ENVELOPES COMPRISING A SEQUENCE COATING
FR3056609B1 (en) 2016-09-26 2018-09-14 Eurovia METHOD FOR INDENTING A HIGH-DENSITY RECYCLABLE HEAT EXCHANGER IN TERRESTRIAL INFRASTRUCTURE
EP4150000B1 (en) 2020-05-11 2024-03-27 Vinci Construction Cationic latex modified hydrocarbon binder emulsions and their use in the preparation of bituminous products
FR3121444B1 (en) 2021-04-02 2023-04-14 Eurovia Bituminous binders offering increased resistance to chemical attack
FR3131920A1 (en) 2022-01-17 2023-07-21 Eurovia Composition of clear binder and its applications for road surfaces and landscaping
FR3133202A1 (en) 2022-03-02 2023-09-08 Eurovia Process for manufacturing cold hydrocarbon mixes and cold hydrocarbon mixes with rapid cohesion build-up

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GB2291087B (en) * 1994-07-09 1997-08-06 Adrian Holt A continuous mobile production and laying process for thin macadam surfacing
FR2732239B1 (en) * 1995-03-29 1997-06-06 Muntzer Emile Jacques VERSATILE HOT AND COLD BITUMINOUS COATINGS
AT4686U1 (en) * 2000-07-27 2001-10-25 Vialit Gmbh Oesterr MIXING DEVICE FOR COLD MATERIAL

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WO2005028756A2 (en) 2005-03-31
FR2860011B1 (en) 2006-09-15

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