EP1658509A1 - Systeme de detection et de localisation de defaillances dans une cloture electrifiee - Google Patents
Systeme de detection et de localisation de defaillances dans une cloture electrifieeInfo
- Publication number
- EP1658509A1 EP1658509A1 EP04786347A EP04786347A EP1658509A1 EP 1658509 A1 EP1658509 A1 EP 1658509A1 EP 04786347 A EP04786347 A EP 04786347A EP 04786347 A EP04786347 A EP 04786347A EP 1658509 A1 EP1658509 A1 EP 1658509A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- capacitor
- wire
- terminal
- failure
- processing device
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
- G08B13/00—Burglar, theft or intruder alarms
- G08B13/22—Electrical actuation
- G08B13/26—Electrical actuation by proximity of an intruder causing variation in capacitance or inductance of a circuit
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/50—Testing of electric apparatus, lines, cables or components for short-circuits, continuity, leakage current or incorrect line connections
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05C—ELECTRIC CIRCUITS OR APPARATUS SPECIALLY DESIGNED FOR USE IN EQUIPMENT FOR KILLING, STUNNING, OR GUIDING LIVING BEINGS
- H05C3/00—Other circuits or apparatus
Definitions
- the invention relates generally to electrified fences, and in particular to fault detection systems in an electrified fence. Such systems are used in particular to detect and report an intrusion on the level of electrified fence wires.
- These fences typically include bare metal wires to which voltage pulses are applied to subject an electric shock to a person touching these wires. The period and the level of these pulses are defined in particular in standard EN61011.
- Document FR-A-2 673 020 describes an anti-intrusion protection system for a fence. This system comprises a line wire forming a loop between the terminals of an energizer comprising a high voltage pulse generator and a low voltage sinusoidal intrusion detection signal generator. Detection signals are issued during the interval between two high voltage pulses.
- the line wire is connected to electrical components to form a resonant circuit.
- the system detects variations in the capacity of the fence wire using a phase control loop and determines an intrusion or failure when this phase is changed.
- the intrusion zone is determined by identifying the system that detected the intrusion.
- the invention thus relates to a failure detection system in an electrified fence, comprising: a capacitor having a first terminal and a second terminal capable of connecting the capacitor in series to a conductive fence wire; a generator applying high voltage pulses to one of the terminals of the capacitor at predetermined intervals, the pulses being adequate to produce an electric shock to a person touching the wire; -a generator of sinusoidal signals for detecting failure, applying these sinusoidal signals to the first terminal of the capacitor at least partially during the interval between the pulses; -a measuring device, measuring the voltages across the capacitor during the application of sinusoidal signals; -a device for processing the measured voltages, determining whether a possible failure is a short circuit or a cut on the connected wire, also determining the distance between the capacitor and a failure.
- the system comprises a conductive fence wire insulated from the ground between its two ends and a first end of which is connected to the second terminal of the capacitor.
- the system comprises a third capacitor, connected between the second end of the wire and the earth. It is also possible to provide a system which further comprises a second capacitor placed close to the other capacitor and having a first terminal connected to the first terminal of the other capacitor, and a second terminal connected to the second end of the conductive wire, and in which the wire extends in at least two substantially parallel strands.
- the measuring device can then measure the voltage of the second terminal of the second capacitor, and the processing device determines the type of failure and the distance between the capacitors and the failure from the voltages of the determined second terminals.
- the system includes a third capacitor, connected between the middle of the wire and the ground.
- the processing device compares the voltage at the second terminal with an upper threshold of a normal range and a lower threshold of the normal range, the processing device determining a short circuit on the wire when the voltage at the second terminal is less than the lower threshold and the device determining a cut on the wire when the voltage at the second terminal is greater than the upper threshold.
- the processing device comprises an interface for acquiring electrical properties of the wire and a memory capable of memorizing the electrical properties acquired.
- the fence wire forms a double loop. We can predict that the double loop is closed. Alternatively, the strands of the fence wire extend in opposite directions from each end.
- each system has at least two other capacitors connected to another fence wire in a similar manner to said first and second capacitors, a housing in which the measuring device and the processing device are included. respective of each system, the boxes being attached.
- a monitoring system can include such a group and a control device communicating with the processing device of each system in the group to detect and report the type of failure communicated if necessary by each processing device.
- FIG. 1 an electrical schematic diagram of a first variant of the invention
- - Figure 2 an electrical schematic diagram of a second variant of the invention
- - Figures 3 and 4 diagrams of systems implemented.
- the invention thus provides a system for detecting and locating faults in an electrified fence.
- the system includes a capacitor to be connected in series to a conductive fence wire.
- a generator applies deterrent pulses and a sinusoidal detection voltage to this capacitor.
- a measuring device reads the voltages across the capacitor during application of the detection voltage, then a device for processing these voltages determines the type of failure, then the distance between the first terminal and a failure.
- FIG. 1 illustrates a first variant of detection system 1 according to the invention.
- the detection system is in this case formed in the form of a module 2 intended to be connected to one or more electric fence wires.
- fence wires can however be an integral part of the system.
- the system 1 comprises in particular at least one capacitor Cl having a first terminal BCll and a second terminal BC12 capable of connecting the capacitor Cl in series to a conductive fence wire 31.
- a generator 4 applies high voltage pulses to the terminal BCll of the capacitor C1 at predetermined intervals. The pulses are adequate to produce an electric shock to a person touching the wire 31.
- the generator 4 also generates sinusoidal failure detection signals and applies these sinusoidal signals to the terminal BC11 at least partially during the interval between the pulses.
- a measuring device comprises the voltmeters 51 and 52. This measuring device measures the voltages across the terminals of the capacitor C1 during the application of the sinusoidal signals.
- the voltmeter 51 thus recovers the voltage from the terminal BC11 via a voltage divider.
- the voltmeter 52 recovers the voltage from the terminal BC12 also via a voltage divider. These voltmeters measure for example an image of the effective voltage across the terminals of the capacitor C1.
- the system also includes a processing device 6, recovering the measured voltages and processing these voltages to determine the type of failure and the distance between the capacitor C1 and a possible failure.
- the distance between the terminals of the capacitor C1 is sufficiently negligible compared to the dimensions of the fence wires used.
- the system comprises or is connected to a conductive fence wire 31. One end of this conductive wire is connected to the terminal BC12 of the capacitor C1.
- the fence wire 31 is isolated from the earth between its two ends. Thus, grounding or cutting the wire between one of its ends will change the electrical state seen by the system.
- the processing device 6 has a first function for determining the type of failure and a second function for locating this failure.
- the processing device 6 determines whether the voltage of the terminal BC12 leaves a range of values considered to be normal. If the voltage of BC12 crosses the lower threshold of the range, the processing device 6 determines the presence of a short circuit. If the voltage of BC12 crosses the upper threshold of the range, the processing device 6 determines the presence of a cut in the wire 31. The voltage of BC12 (or an image of this voltage) can for this be applied to the input of two comparators receiving respectively the threshold voltages of the value range. When the device 6 has determined the presence of a failure and its type, it performs an adequate processing to determine the location of the failure on the fence wire 31. This processing will now be detailed for the variant of FIG.
- a capacitor C E is connected between the second end of the wire and the closing ground T c .
- the wire 31 When the wire 31 is cut at a point, the wire behaves like a capacitor connected to the earth by this point and connected to the capacitor C1 by its first end.
- the capacitance C FC of this capacitor is defined by the distance between the capacitor Cl and the cut-off point, as well as by the linear capacitance of the wire.
- the processing device 6 can thus determine with great precision the distance between the capacitor C1 and the cutoff.
- An adequate wire capacity and frequency of the detection signal will be used so that the capacitive impedance of the wire is significantly higher than the resistance of the wire. This capacity is therefore neglected in the above calculation.
- the signaling of the failure is carried out by any appropriate means. It can in particular include the display of the type of failure, the distance of this failure or the identification of the wire on which the failure takes place on a screen of the system. The signaling may also include an audible failure warning.
- the processing device can also have an output interface suitable for communicating this information to a supervision or monitoring device 8, a portable communication terminal or the like.
- the capacitor C E is connected between the second end of the wire and the earth. This second end can in particular be supported by a post and be connected to the ground fence T c .
- the fenced earth T c has the same potential as the earth.
- the variant of FIG. 1 can be adapted in order to carry out detection by the same system on one or more other fence wires, for example fence wires parallel to wire 31.
- a second capacitor C2 is connected by terminal BC21 to the terminal BCll. These two terminals are therefore supplied and measured identically.
- the terminal BC22 of the capacitor C2 is connected to one end of the fence wire 32.
- a capacitor C E is also connected between the second end of the wire 32 and the fence earth.
- the voltmeter 53 recovers the voltage from the terminal BC22 also via a voltage divider. With a reduced number of additional elements, the measuring device thus also measures the voltages across the capacitor C2. Failure detection and distance determination can be performed as described above.
- FIG. 2 illustrates a second variant of the invention.
- This variant proposes to use a wire 31 forming several parallel strands, and to connect a second capacitor C2 to the second end of the wire.
- the capacitor C2 thus has a first terminal BC21 at the same potential as the terminal BCll.
- the second terminal BC22 is connected to the second end of the wire.
- the wire 31 has two parallel strands 311 and 312.
- the measurement device measures the voltage of the terminal BC22 via the voltmeter 53. This measurement is processed by the device 6 to determine the distance between the failure and the capacitor. C2.
- a processing similar to that described for the variant of FIG. 1 can be carried out to determine the type of failure, and the distance between the failure and the capacitors C1 and C2.
- the system of Figure 2 further includes a capacitor C E connecting the middle of the wire 31 to earth. Even if the failure takes place mid-length of the wire 31, it takes place on one side or the other of the connection of the capacitor CE. There will therefore always be an imbalance between the two strands of the wire 31 in the event of failure.
- the processing device 6 can therefore determine a failure located at the middle of the wire.
- the generator 4 comprises a low voltage signal generator 41 and a pulse generator 42.
- the generator 4 also includes a switch 44 applying selectively the voltage of the generators 41 and 42 on the primary of a transformer 43.
- the secondary of the transformer 43 thus applies the desired voltage to the terminal BCll of the capacitor C1.
- the switch 44 can for example be controlled by a clock signal or by the device 6.
- the low voltage signal has for example a frequency between 100 and 50,000 Hz. Those skilled in the art will be able to determine the appropriate frequency as a function of the length of the fence wire connected to the first capacitor.
- the signal can be transmitted in the form of wave trains with a duty cycle less than or equal to 0.95.
- the frequency of the pulses generally being of the order of 1 second, such a duty cycle is sufficient to ensure intrusion detection, while guaranteeing detection for 95% of the time.
- the switch 44 preferably comprises transistors and power electronics components for switching the voltage applied to the primary of the transformer 43. Such a switch is more reliable than an electromechanical switch.
- the capacitors at the terminals of which the voltage is measured preferably have a voltage limiter device connected in parallel at their terminals. Limiters are identified in Figures 1 and 2 by the references E1 and E2. Such clipping devices, known per se, protect the capacitors during the application of the high voltage pulses, by short-circuiting the capacitors when the voltage at their terminal reaches a predetermined level.
- the processing device 6 has an input 67 to which a synchronization signal or a control signal is applied. This input allows the device 6 to carry out the treatment only during the intervals separating two deterrent pulses.
- variable gain amplifiers 521 and 531 are advantageously used to modify the voltage level of the respective terminals BC12 and BC22 supplied to the processing device 6.
- the processing device 6 then has an optimal voltage level for the accuracy of the determination distance from failure.
- These variable gain amplifiers 521 and 531 are particularly useful when the failure is a short circuit since the measured voltage level is then relatively low.
- the determination of the distance of the failure is then done in two stages, as detailed previously: a first stage of determining the type of failure and a second stage of the location of the fault.
- the voltage of the second terminal of a capacitor is amplified with a predetermined gain, measured by the measuring device, then the value of the amplified voltage is supplied to the processing device 6.
- This value is compared with the short thresholds -circuit and cutoff as detailed above, to determine the type of failure possibly suffered.
- the voltage level measured is therefore a function of the failure.
- the location accuracy is therefore not identical for the two types of failure.
- the processing device 6 modifies the value of the amplification gain as a function of the type of failure. For a cut, the gain could possibly be reduced to a predetermined value. For a short circuit, the gain is increased to another predetermined value.
- the gains are chosen so that the processing device has maximum calculation accuracy for the value provided by the measurement device.
- the device 6 can in particular present, in a manner known per se, analog / digital converters on its input interface for carrying out processing on digital signals. Provision may be made for the characteristics of the wire or wires as well as the connection configuration between the wires and the capacitors to be stored in the system.
- the system can in particular present an interface for the manual recording of this information or a device for measuring the characteristics of the connected fence wires to automatically determine this information. It is also possible to alternate between supplied and non-supplied wires in the fence.
- FIG. 3 illustrates an example of implementation of such systems.
- the closing wires 31 and 32 thus form a closed area.
- the fence wires 31 and 32 extend in opposite directions from each end of the wire to form a fence.
- Figure 4 illustrates an example of using a group of systems according to the second variant to form a closed fence.
- each system comprises a housing including its measurement device and its processing device. The boxes are joined so that the length of the wiring is reduced. The installation cost is thus also reduced.
- Each system includes two additional capacitors connected to an additional wire, from similar to capacitors Cl, C2 with wire 31.
- the wires of the different systems are superimposed.
- This group of systems can communicate with the device 8 having a supervisory control or supervision function.
- the processing device of each system communicates with the device 8 so that the latter can detect the type of failure and its position, and report this information to a user. This can also be done by distributing the boxes at different points in the area to be monitored.
- the invention is of course not limited to the examples shown and described. Thus, although systems having one or two fence wires have been shown, the invention also applies to a system having a large number of superimposed fence wires, covering for example a large height with a tight mesh.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Insects & Arthropods (AREA)
- Small-Scale Networks (AREA)
- Locating Faults (AREA)
- Fencing (AREA)
- Burglar Alarm Systems (AREA)
- Testing Of Short-Circuits, Discontinuities, Leakage, Or Incorrect Line Connections (AREA)
- Catching Or Destruction (AREA)
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR0310210A FR2859302B1 (fr) | 2003-08-27 | 2003-08-27 | Systeme de detection et de localisation de defaillances dans une cloture electrifiee |
PCT/FR2004/002183 WO2005022174A1 (fr) | 2003-08-27 | 2004-08-24 | Systeme de detection et de localisation de defaillances dans une cloture electrifiee |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1658509A1 true EP1658509A1 (fr) | 2006-05-24 |
EP1658509B1 EP1658509B1 (fr) | 2007-02-14 |
Family
ID=34130614
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP04786347A Active EP1658509B1 (fr) | 2003-08-27 | 2004-08-24 | Systeme de detection et de localisation de defaillances dans une cloture electrifiee |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1658509B1 (fr) |
AT (1) | ATE354099T1 (fr) |
DE (1) | DE602004004799D1 (fr) |
ES (1) | ES2281016T3 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2859302B1 (fr) |
IL (1) | IL173801A (fr) |
MA (1) | MA27955A1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2005022174A1 (fr) |
ZA (1) | ZA200601523B (fr) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2008095160A1 (fr) * | 2007-02-01 | 2008-08-07 | Gdi, Llc | Système de détection d'intrusion amélioré pour clôtures électriques |
CN103745543B (zh) * | 2013-12-25 | 2016-08-17 | 王亮 | 一种高压脉冲电子围栏 |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2458078A1 (fr) * | 1979-06-01 | 1980-12-26 | Maingot Jean Claude | Dispositif de detection de defauts de ligne dans une installation a cloture electrifiee |
DE3152533C2 (de) * | 1980-01-15 | 1984-06-07 | Matsushita Electric Works, Ltd., Kadoma, Osaka | Eindringlingwarnanlage |
US4523187A (en) * | 1980-08-29 | 1985-06-11 | Norman W. Hutchinson & Sons Pty. Ltd. | Alarm system for electric fences |
GB2155224B (en) * | 1984-03-02 | 1987-11-18 | Shorrock Security Systems Ltd | Intrusion detection barrier |
DE3439015A1 (de) * | 1984-10-25 | 1986-04-30 | Horizont Gerätewerk GmbH, 3540 Korbach | Elektrozaungeraet |
FR2654239B1 (fr) * | 1989-11-06 | 1994-04-15 | Serpe Iesm | Procede pour la protection d'un site interdit contre des intrusions et systeme pour la mise en óoeuvre de ce procede. |
FR2673020B1 (fr) * | 1991-02-20 | 1995-05-19 | Seroe Iesm | Systeme pour la protection d'un site interdit contre des intrusions, comprenant une cloture electrifiee. |
-
2003
- 2003-08-27 FR FR0310210A patent/FR2859302B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2004
- 2004-08-24 AT AT04786347T patent/ATE354099T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2004-08-24 DE DE602004004799T patent/DE602004004799D1/de active Active
- 2004-08-24 ES ES04786347T patent/ES2281016T3/es active Active
- 2004-08-24 EP EP04786347A patent/EP1658509B1/fr active Active
- 2004-08-24 WO PCT/FR2004/002183 patent/WO2005022174A1/fr active IP Right Grant
-
2006
- 2006-02-19 IL IL173801A patent/IL173801A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2006-02-21 ZA ZA200601523A patent/ZA200601523B/en unknown
- 2006-02-22 MA MA28827A patent/MA27955A1/fr unknown
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO2005022174A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ATE354099T1 (de) | 2007-03-15 |
ZA200601523B (en) | 2007-05-30 |
FR2859302B1 (fr) | 2005-11-11 |
EP1658509B1 (fr) | 2007-02-14 |
FR2859302A1 (fr) | 2005-03-04 |
ES2281016T3 (es) | 2007-09-16 |
WO2005022174A1 (fr) | 2005-03-10 |
IL173801A (en) | 2010-11-30 |
IL173801A0 (en) | 2006-07-05 |
DE602004004799D1 (de) | 2007-03-29 |
MA27955A1 (fr) | 2006-06-01 |
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