EP1657797A1 - Protection device for apparatus carrying load current - Google Patents
Protection device for apparatus carrying load current Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1657797A1 EP1657797A1 EP05023391A EP05023391A EP1657797A1 EP 1657797 A1 EP1657797 A1 EP 1657797A1 EP 05023391 A EP05023391 A EP 05023391A EP 05023391 A EP05023391 A EP 05023391A EP 1657797 A1 EP1657797 A1 EP 1657797A1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- protective cover
- switch
- load current
- contacts
- protection device
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R13/00—Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00
- H01R13/66—Structural association with built-in electrical component
- H01R13/70—Structural association with built-in electrical component with built-in switch
- H01R13/701—Structural association with built-in electrical component with built-in switch the switch being actuated by an accessory, e.g. cover, locking member
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R13/00—Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00
- H01R13/66—Structural association with built-in electrical component
- H01R13/70—Structural association with built-in electrical component with built-in switch
- H01R13/703—Structural association with built-in electrical component with built-in switch operated by engagement or disengagement of coupling parts, e.g. dual-continuity coupling part
- H01R13/7036—Structural association with built-in electrical component with built-in switch operated by engagement or disengagement of coupling parts, e.g. dual-continuity coupling part the switch being in series with coupling part, e.g. dead coupling, explosion proof coupling
- H01R13/7038—Structural association with built-in electrical component with built-in switch operated by engagement or disengagement of coupling parts, e.g. dual-continuity coupling part the switch being in series with coupling part, e.g. dead coupling, explosion proof coupling making use of a remote controlled switch, e.g. relais, solid state switch activated by the engagement of the coupling parts
Definitions
- the invention relates to a protective device for a load current-carrying device for preventing or reducing an arc during a separation process from the load current-carrying plug contacts using a switch that reduces the load current so far that a harmless load current remains with a device attachable protective cover for the load current plug contacts, the pulling the load current plug contacts difficult as long as it is attached to the device, wherein the protective cover has a means which is so in operative connection with the switch that the load current is reduced by the switch when the protective cover is removed from the device.
- a protective device in which an arc protection is realized in that a clocked semiconductor device is used. This is connected in series with an auxiliary contact.
- the auxiliary contact is designed as a trailing contact, so that it is disconnected after the load current contact. As a result, the load current has been reduced so far, when the load current contacts are separated, that no arc is formed.
- Inverters with an integrated DC load disconnector are known. However, it may be forgotten to operate this before the load plugs are removed. This can cause an arc, which can lead to personal injury.
- a device for the grid connection of a solar generator wherein a module distributor and a network coupling device are provided.
- the module distributor inputs for solar modules and an output for a network coupling device, wherein the network coupling device is connected to one or more inverters, and moreover has an output for one phase of the AC network.
- the inverter has a cover which mechanically disconnects the inverter when it is lifted.
- Both DE 198 82 471 T5 and US Pat. No. 5,542,425 A disclose a protective device of the aforementioned type.
- the opening is detected by a detection switch when opening the protective cover, wherein when the detection switch responds when charging a battery or the power supply by the battery, an internal switching circuit of the power control unit is opened.
- the invention has for its object to provide a protective device of the generic type, which protects against arcs in a simple manner.
- the switch can be configured as a semiconductor switch, clocked semiconductor switch, as a relay or as a so-called one-time switch.
- a one-time switch is understood to be a switch which can not be closed after a single actuation; he acts as a kind of security.
- the protective cover according to the invention prevents on the one hand, that the load current contacts are pulled, as long as they are mounted on the device.
- the protective cover is removable. By removing the protective cover acts the inventive means in which the clocked semiconductor device is used. This reduces the load current so far that when removing the load current contacts no or at least only a harmless arc for people can arise.
- the protective cover according to the invention allows additional load disconnectors in the device to be dispensed with, since disconnection at high load current is not possible without the invention. In this way, the relevant standards and regulations are complied with.
- the control means may be a mechanical or electromechanical means.
- an actuating pin or the like may be provided on the protective cover which operates a switch provided on the device when the protective cover is mounted.
- the switch contacts of the switch are parallel to the clocked semiconductor switch. This in turn lies in the load circuit, in particular in the DC circuit.
- the switch is closed so that the load current flows through the switch.
- the contact is opened so that the load current through the clocked Semiconductor switch flows. Since this current is now less or is clocked, an arc protection is given.
- an electrical solution is used in which the protective cover has electrical contacts for electrical connection with additional contacts on the device, so that when removing the protective cover, the contacts of the protective cover separated from the additional contacts and the load current is reduced.
- the protective cover comprises a short-circuiting bridge as a means which short-circuits the additional contacts when the protective cover is mounted over the contacts of the protective cover.
- the short circuit bridge integrated in the protective cover creates a very simple control of the load current.
- the shorting bridge will engage and the load current may be high. If the short-circuit bridge or the cover is removed, a lesser current sets in through the clocked semiconductor component, which interrupts the current continuously at regular or even irregular intervals.
- the short-circuiting bridge is connected in parallel with the semiconductor component and the semiconductor component with the short-circuiting bridge lies in the load circuit.
- a closed switch would bypass the semiconductor device.
- the current goes the path of least resistance.
- the load current flows through the low-resistance bridge. If this is missing because the cover has been removed, the current must flow over the clocked semiconductor switch. As a result, however, the load current is reduced to a safe level.
- the semiconductor device can be clocked continuously, which is easy to implement. Since the load current flows through the low - impedance current bridge when the protective cover is mounted, the Semiconductor device no switching losses, resulting in a high efficiency.
- the device comprises an inverter module and the semiconductor device is housed in a clock module which is electrically connected to the inverter module.
- FIG. 1 shows a preferred embodiment of the protective device according to the invention for a photovoltaic inverter 1.
- the inverter 1 is provided with plug contacts 2, which lead a load current for an input side DC voltage circuit.
- plug contacts 2 PV plug 4 (photovoltaic plug) can be connected, which are connected to photovoltaic modules 3 (solar generators), as Fig. 2 illustrates.
- the protective device is preferably located on a DC circuit, in particular on an input-side circuit (DC circuit).
- a protective cover 5 can be mounted in front of the PV plugs or the plug contacts 2, as FIGS. 1 and 3 illustrate.
- the protective cover 5 can be positively and / or non-positively attached to a housing of the inverter 1. When mounted, the cover prevents the PV plugs 4 from being pulled out and breaking the load circuit at high current. An interruption of the load circuit during a high load current would cause an arc.
- a module 6 with a clocked semiconductor switch 7 is connected in series to an inverter circuit or an inverter module 8, as FIG. 2 shows.
- a current bridge or short-circuiting bridge 9 which is integrated in the protective cover 5.
- the shorting bridge 9 is automatically connected to existing on the protective cover 5 contacts 10 and additional contacts 11 on the housing of the inverter 1 when the protective cover 5 is mounted. The load current can thus flow with little loss via the shorting bridge 9 during operation.
- the short-circuiting bridge 9 is connected practically parallel to the semiconductor switch 7.
- a device attachable protective cover 5 for the load current plug contacts 4 is present, which prevents removal of the load current plug contacts 4, as long as it is attached to the device, the protective cover 5 has an electrical and / or mechanical means (shorting bridge), which is in operative connection with the semiconductor device or the semiconductor switch 7, that the load current is reduced by the semiconductor switch 7, when the protective cover 5 is removed from the device.
- the integrated in the protective cover 5 means or control means controls in the broadest sense in a simple manner the load current.
- FIG. 4 shows a further circuit diagram which shows the arrangement of the short-circuiting bridge 9 and of the semiconductor switch 7.
- the short-circuiting bridge 9 preferably short-circuits additional contacts 11 or lies parallel to the semiconductor switch 7.
- the additional contacts 11 are attached to the device.
- the semiconductor switch 7 is driven by a clock controller 12, so that the semiconductor device is continuously clocked.
- the timing is set so that no dangerous arc is formed at the additional contacts 11 when the protective cover 5 is removed.
- FIGS. 5 and 6 show the principle of the current reduction according to the invention.
- the semiconductor switch 7 is shown in simplified form as a switch. Parallel to this is the shorting bridge 9, which is also shown in simplified form as a switch.
- the switch 9 could be integrated in the device and formed on the protective cover 5 mechanically actuated. For operation, an actuating pin or the like which would be attached to the protective cover 5, could serve.
- the protective cover 5 has a handle 13, which is preferably formed as a wall. As can be seen in FIG. 3, the protective cover 5 conceals both the auxiliary contacts 11 and the load current or PV contacts.
- the protective cover 5 is preferably made of plastic, for example a thermoset or thermoplastic. It has, for example, a three-dimensional shape and preferably carries end walls 14, as FIG. 3 shows. A central web 15 stiffens the cover or serving as a handle 13 wall.
- a separate contact 2a, 2b is used for each independent input of the inverter.
- four or more contacts 2 are present. Therefore, several additional contact pairs are used, in particular two pairs, as shown in FIG. 3.
- the protective cover 5 is so inventively arranged on the inverter that in the mounted or mated state, the plug-in connections of the inverter are hidden and can not be operated. By removing the protective cover 5 by the integrated electrical contacts a function is triggered, which ensures that a maximum of a harmless for the removal of the connector plug of the inverter current flows through the plug-in connections. By removing the protective cover 5 continues to access the plug-in connections (Contacts 2) released, so that at the latest by the then following removal of the plug-in connections from the inverter a complete separation of the upstream energy source (eg PV system) takes place.
- the upstream energy source eg PV system
- the additional control unit for covering the inverter's connectors effectively prevents arcs that can lead to personal injury.
- the load current is not completely switched off, but it remains a pulsed, small current.
- the constant switching on and off of the semiconductor switch not only reduces the current, but also extinguishes an arc due to the clocking.
- a hinge hinged cover can alternatively be used.
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- Inverter Devices (AREA)
- Driving Mechanisms And Operating Circuits Of Arc-Extinguishing High-Tension Switches (AREA)
- Breakers (AREA)
- Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Schutzeinrichtung für ein laststromführendes Gerät zur Vermeidung oder Reduzierung eines Lichtbogens während eines Trennvorgangs von den laststromführenden Steckkontakten unter Verwendung eines Schalters, der den Laststrom so weit reduziert, dass ein ungefährlicher Laststrom verbleibt mit einer am Gerät befestigbaren Schutzabdeckung für die Laststromsteckkontakte, die ein Abziehen der Laststromsteckkontakte erschwert, so lange diese am Gerät befestigt ist, wobei die Schutzabdeckung ein Mittel aufweist, welches derart mit dem Schalter in Wirkverbindung steht, dass der Laststrom durch den Schalter reduziert wird, wenn die Schutzabdeckung vom Gerät entfernt wird.The invention relates to a protective device for a load current-carrying device for preventing or reducing an arc during a separation process from the load current-carrying plug contacts using a switch that reduces the load current so far that a harmless load current remains with a device attachable protective cover for the load current plug contacts, the pulling the load current plug contacts difficult as long as it is attached to the device, wherein the protective cover has a means which is so in operative connection with the switch that the load current is reduced by the switch when the protective cover is removed from the device.
In der DE 102 25 259 B3 ist eine Schutzvorrichtung beschrieben, bei der ein Lichtbogenschutz dadurch realisiert wird, dass ein getaktetes Halbleiterbauelement eingesetzt wird. Dieses wird in Reihe mit einem Hilfskontakt geschaltet. Der Hilfskontakt ist als nacheilender Kontakt ausgebildet, so dass dieser nach dem Laststromkontakt getrennt wird. Dadurch ist der Laststrom soweit reduziert worden, wenn die Laststromkontakte getrennt werden, dass kein Lichtbogen entsteht.In DE 102 25 259 B3 a protective device is described, in which an arc protection is realized in that a clocked semiconductor device is used. This is connected in series with an auxiliary contact. The auxiliary contact is designed as a trailing contact, so that it is disconnected after the load current contact. As a result, the load current has been reduced so far, when the load current contacts are separated, that no arc is formed.
Bekannt sind Wechselrichter mit einem integrierten DC-Lasttrenner. Es kann jedoch vergessen werden, diesen zu betätigen, bevor die Laststecker abgezogen werden. Hierbei kann ein Lichtbogen entstehen, was zu einer Personengefährdung führen kann.Inverters with an integrated DC load disconnector are known. However, it may be forgotten to operate this before the load plugs are removed. This can cause an arc, which can lead to personal injury.
Aus der DE 94 09 534 U1 ist eine Einrichtung für die Netzanbindung eines Solargenerators bekannt, wobei ein Modul-Verteiler und ein Netzkopplungsgerät vorgesehen sind. Hierbei weist der Modul-Verteiler Eingänge für Solarmodule und einen Ausgang für ein Netzkopplungsgerät auf, wobei das Netzkopplungsgerät mit einem oder mehreren Wechselrichtern verschaltet ist, und darüber hinaus einen Ausgang für eine Phase des Wechselstromnetzes aufweist. Der Wechselrichter besitzt eine Abdeckung, die bei Abheben mechanisch den Wechselrichter stromlos schaltet.From DE 94 09 534 U1 a device for the grid connection of a solar generator is known, wherein a module distributor and a network coupling device are provided. In this case, the module distributor inputs for solar modules and an output for a network coupling device, wherein the network coupling device is connected to one or more inverters, and moreover has an output for one phase of the AC network. The inverter has a cover which mechanically disconnects the inverter when it is lifted.
Aus der US 6,375,619 B1 ist in Bezug auf ein Ultraschall-Untersuchungsgerät bekannt, dass an der einem Steckverbinder zugeordneten mechanischen Verriegelung eine elektrische Kontaktierung vorgesehen ist.From US Pat. No. 6,375,619 B1 it is known with respect to an ultrasound examination device that an electrical contact is provided on the mechanical interlock associated with a connector.
Sowohl aus der DE 198 82 471 T5 als auch aus der US 5,542,425 A ist eine Schutzvorrichtung der eingangs genannten Art bekannt. Hierbei wird durch einen Detektionsschalter bei Öffnung der Schutzabdeckung die Öffnung detektiert, wobei dann, wenn der Detektionsschalter bei Laden einer Batterie oder der Stromführung durch die Batterie anspricht, ein interner Umschaltkreis der Energiesteuereinheit geöffnet wird.Both DE 198 82 471 T5 and US Pat. No. 5,542,425 A disclose a protective device of the aforementioned type. In this case, the opening is detected by a detection switch when opening the protective cover, wherein when the detection switch responds when charging a battery or the power supply by the battery, an internal switching circuit of the power control unit is opened.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Schutzvorrichtung der gattungsgemäßen Art zu schaffen, die vor Lichtbögen in einfacher Weise schützt.The invention has for its object to provide a protective device of the generic type, which protects against arcs in a simple manner.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch die kennzeichnenden Merkmale des Anspruches 1 in Verbindung mit seinen Merkmalen des Oberbegriffs gelöst, wobei der Schalter als Halbleiterschalter, getakteter Halbleiterschalter, als Relais oder als sogenannter Einmal-Schalter ausgebildet sein kann. Unter einem Einmal-Schalter wird ein Schalter verstanden, der nach einmaliger Betätigung nicht mehr geschlossen werden kann; er fungiert als eine Art Sicherung.This object is solved by the characterizing features of
Die erfindungsgemäße Schutzabdeckung verhindert einerseits, dass die Laststromkontakte gezogen werden, solange diese am Gerät montiert sind. Andererseits ist die Schutzabdeckung abnehmbar. Durch das Abnehmen der Schutzabdeckung wirkt das erfindungsgemäße Mittel, in dem das getaktete Halbleiterbauelement zum Einsatz kommt. Dieses reduziert den Laststrom so weit, dass beim Abziehen der Laststromkontakte kein oder zumindest nur ein für Personen ungefährlicher Lichtbogen entstehen kann.The protective cover according to the invention prevents on the one hand, that the load current contacts are pulled, as long as they are mounted on the device. On the other hand, the protective cover is removable. By removing the protective cover acts the inventive means in which the clocked semiconductor device is used. This reduces the load current so far that when removing the load current contacts no or at least only a harmless arc for people can arise.
Durch die erfindungsgemäße Schutzabdeckung können zusätzliche Lasttrenner im Gerät entfallen, da ein Trennen bei hohem Laststrom ohne die Erfindung nicht möglich ist. Auf diese Weise werden die entsprechenden Normen und Vorschriften eingehalten.The protective cover according to the invention allows additional load disconnectors in the device to be dispensed with, since disconnection at high load current is not possible without the invention. In this way, the relevant standards and regulations are complied with.
Das Steuerungsmittel kann ein mechanisches oder elektromechanisches Mittel sein. Beispielsweise kann ein Betätigungszapfen oder Ähnliches an der Schutzabdeckung vorhanden sein, welches einen am Gerät vorhandenen Schalter betätigt, wenn die Schutzabdeckung montiert ist. Die Schaltkontakte des Schalters liegen parallel zum getakteten Halbleiterschalter. Dieser wiederum liegt im Laststromkreis, insbesondere im DC-Kreis. Bei montierter Schutzabdeckung ist der Schalter zum Beispiel geschlossen, so dass der Laststrom durch den Schalter fließt. Bei entfernter Schutzabdeckung ist der Kontakt geöffnet, so dass der Laststrom durch den getakteten Halbleiterschalter fließt. Da dieser Strom nun geringer ist bzw. getaktet wird, ist ein Lichtbogenschutz gegeben.The control means may be a mechanical or electromechanical means. For example, an actuating pin or the like may be provided on the protective cover which operates a switch provided on the device when the protective cover is mounted. The switch contacts of the switch are parallel to the clocked semiconductor switch. This in turn lies in the load circuit, in particular in the DC circuit. For example, with the protective cover mounted, the switch is closed so that the load current flows through the switch. With the protective cover removed, the contact is opened so that the load current through the clocked Semiconductor switch flows. Since this current is now less or is clocked, an arc protection is given.
Bevorzugterweise wird jedoch eine elektrische Lösung eingesetzt, bei der die Schutzabdeckung elektrische Kontakte zur elektrischen Verbindung mit Zusatzkontakten am Gerät aufweist, so dass beim Abziehen der Schutzabdeckung die Kontakte der Schutzabdeckung von den Zusatzkontakten getrennt und der Laststrom reduziert wird. Diese Lösung sieht insbesondere vor, dass die Schutzabdeckung eine Kurzschlussbrücke als Mittel umfasst, welches die Zusatzkontakte bei montierter Schutzabdeckung über die Kontakte der Schutzabdeckung kurzschließt.Preferably, however, an electrical solution is used in which the protective cover has electrical contacts for electrical connection with additional contacts on the device, so that when removing the protective cover, the contacts of the protective cover separated from the additional contacts and the load current is reduced. This solution provides, in particular, that the protective cover comprises a short-circuiting bridge as a means which short-circuits the additional contacts when the protective cover is mounted over the contacts of the protective cover.
Durch die in der Schutzabdeckung integrierte Kurzschlussbrücke wird eine sehr einfache Steuerung des Laststromes geschaffen. Ist die Abdeckung montiert, greift die Kurzschlussbrücke und der Laststrom kann hoch sein. Wird die Kurzschlussbrücke bzw. die Abdeckung entfernt, stellt sich ein geringerer Strom durch das getaktete Halbleiterbauelement ein, welches den Strom kontinuierlich in regelmäßigen oder auch unregelmäßigen Abständen unterbricht.The short circuit bridge integrated in the protective cover creates a very simple control of the load current. When the cover is mounted, the shorting bridge will engage and the load current may be high. If the short-circuit bridge or the cover is removed, a lesser current sets in through the clocked semiconductor component, which interrupts the current continuously at regular or even irregular intervals.
Nach einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, dass die Kurzschlussbrücke parallel zum Halbleiterbauelement geschaltet ist und das Halbleiterbauelement mit der Kurzschlussbrücke im Laststromkreis liegt. Bei dieser Konfiguration würde ein geschlossener Schalter das Halbleiterbauelement überbrücken. Der Strom geht den Weg des geringsten Widerstandes. Bei montierter Schutzabdeckung fließt der Laststrom über die niederohmige Brücke. Fehlt diese, weil die Abdeckung entfernt worden ist, muss der Strom über den getakteten Halbleiterschalter fließen. Dadurch wird aber der Laststrom auf ein ungefährliches Maß reduziert.According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the short-circuiting bridge is connected in parallel with the semiconductor component and the semiconductor component with the short-circuiting bridge lies in the load circuit. In this configuration, a closed switch would bypass the semiconductor device. The current goes the path of least resistance. When the protective cover is mounted, the load current flows through the low-resistance bridge. If this is missing because the cover has been removed, the current must flow over the clocked semiconductor switch. As a result, however, the load current is reduced to a safe level.
Mit Vorteil kann das Halbleiterbauelement kontinuierlich getaktet werden, was einfach umzusetzen ist. Da bei montierter Schutzabdeckung der Laststrom über die niederohmige Strombrücke fließt, entstehen am Halbleiterbauelement keine Schaltverluste, was zu einem hohen Wirkungsgrad führt.Advantageously, the semiconductor device can be clocked continuously, which is easy to implement. Since the load current flows through the low - impedance current bridge when the protective cover is mounted, the Semiconductor device no switching losses, resulting in a high efficiency.
Eine einfache Erweiterung vorhandener Wechselrichterschaltungen mit der erfindungsgemäßen Lösung ist gegeben, wenn das Gerät ein Wechselrichtermodul umfasst und das Halbleiterbauelement in einem Taktmodul untergebracht ist, das mit dem Wechselrichtermodul elektrisch verbunden ist.A simple extension of existing inverter circuits with the inventive solution is given if the device comprises an inverter module and the semiconductor device is housed in a clock module which is electrically connected to the inverter module.
Weitere Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen genannt.Further developments of the invention are mentioned in the subclaims.
Die Erfindung sowie weitere Vorteile derselben werden nun anhand der Zeichnungen näher erläutert.The invention and further advantages thereof will now be explained in more detail with reference to the drawings.
Es zeigt:
- Fig. 1
- eine schematische Darstellung eines Wechselrichters mit einer erfindungsgemäßen Schutzvorrichtung,
- Fig. 2
- ein Blockschaltbild einer Schaltung der Schutzvorrichtung,
- Fig. 3
- eine perspektivische Darstellung der Schutzvorrichtung,
- Fig. 4
- ein Schaltbild der Schaltungsanordnung der Schutzvorrichtung,
- Fig. 5
- ein vereinfachtes Schaltbild bei einer montierten Schutzabdeckung und
- Fig. 6
- ein vereinfachtes Schaltbild bei entfernter Schutzabdeckung.
- Fig. 1
- a schematic representation of an inverter with a protective device according to the invention,
- Fig. 2
- a block diagram of a circuit of the protection device,
- Fig. 3
- a perspective view of the protection device,
- Fig. 4
- a circuit diagram of the circuit arrangement of the protective device,
- Fig. 5
- a simplified circuit diagram with a mounted protective cover and
- Fig. 6
- a simplified circuit diagram with the protective cover removed.
Fig. 1 zeigt eine bevorzugte Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Schutzvorrichtung für einen Photovoltaik-Wechselrichter 1.1 shows a preferred embodiment of the protective device according to the invention for a
Der Wechselrichter 1 ist mit Steckkontakten 2 versehen, die einen Laststrom für einen eingangsseitigen Gleichspannungskreis führen. An den Steckkontakten 2 können PV-Stecker 4 (Photovoltaik-Stecker) angeschlossen werden, die mit Photovoltaikmodulen 3 (Solargeneratoren) verbunden sind, wie Fig. 2 veranschaulicht. Die Schutzvorrichtung befindet sich vorzugsweise an einem Gleichstromkreis, insbesondere an einem eingangsseitigen Stromkreis (DC-Kreis).The
Vor den PV-Steckern bzw. den Steckkontakten 2 ist eine Schutzabdeckung 5 montierbar, wie die Figuren 1 und 3 veranschaulichen. Die Schutzabdeckung 5 kann form- und/oder kraftschlüssig an einem Gehäuse des Wechselrichters 1 befestigt werden. Im montierten Zustand verhindert die Abdeckung, dass die PV-Stecker 4 herausgezogen werden und der Laststromkreis bei hohem Strom unterbrochen wird. Eine Unterbrechung des Laststromkreises während eines hohen Laststromes würde nämlich einen Lichtbogen verursachen.A
Zur Reduzierung dieses hohen Laststromes ist ein Modul 6 mit einem getakteten Halbleiterschalter 7 an eine Wechselrichterschaltung bzw. einen Wechselrichtermodul 8 in Reihe geschaltet, wie Fig. 2 zeigt. Um während eines Betriebs bzw. bei montierter Schutzabdeckung 5 den Halbleiterschalter 7 zu überbrücken, wird vorzugsweise eine Strombrücke bzw. Kurzschlussbrücke 9 eingesetzt, die in der Schutzabdeckung 5 integriert ist. Die Kurzschlussbrücke 9 wird über an der Schutzabdeckung 5 vorhandene Kontakte 10 und Zusatzkontakte 11 am Gehäuse des Wechselrichters 1 automatisch angeschlossen, wenn die Schutzabdeckung 5 montiert wird. Der Laststrom kann während des Betriebs somit verlustarm über die Kurzschlussbrücke 9 fließen. Die Kurzschlussbrücke 9 wird praktisch parallel zum Halbleiterschalter 7 angeschlossen.To reduce this high load current, a
Bei Entfernung der Schutzabdeckung 5 liegt der getaktete Halbleiterschalter 7 bzw. das Taktmodul 6 in Reihe mit der Wechselrichterschaltung bzw. dem Wechselrichtermodul 8. Wenn die Schutzabdeckung 5 zum Ausstecken der PV-Stecker 4 entfernt wird, dann muss der Strom also zwangsläufig über den getakteten Halbleiterschalter 7 fließen, so dass ein ungefährlicher Laststrom verbleibt und kein oder zumindest ein ungefährlicher Lichtbogen verbleibt, wenn die PV-Stecker 4 herausgezogen werden.When removing the
Erfindungsgemäß ist eine am Gerät befestigbare Schutzabdeckung 5 für die Laststrom-Steckkontakte 4 vorhanden, die ein Abziehen der Laststrom-Steckkontakte 4 verhindert, solange diese am Gerät befestigt ist, wobei die Schutzabdeckung 5 ein elektrisches und/oder mechanisches Mittel (Kurzschlussbrücke) aufweist, welches derart mit dem Halbleiterbauelement bzw. dem Halbleiterschalter 7 in Wirkverbindung steht, dass der Laststrom durch den Halbleiterschalter 7 reduziert wird, wenn die Schutzabdeckung 5 vom Gerät entfernt wird.According to the invention a device attachable
Das in der Schutzabdeckung 5 integrierte Mittel bzw. Steuerungsmittel steuert im weitesten Sinne in einfacher Weise den Laststrom.The integrated in the
Fig. 4 zeigt ein weiteres Schaltbild, das die Anordnung der Kurzschlussbrücke 9 und des Halbleiterschalters 7 zeigt. Hier ist gut zu sehen, dass die Kurzschlussbrücke 9 vorzugsweise Zusatzkontakte 11 kurzschließt bzw. parallel zum Halbleiterschalter 7 liegt. Die Zusatzkontakte 11 sind am Gerät befestigt. Der Halbleiterschalter 7 wird durch eine Taktsteuerung 12 angesteuert, so dass das Halbleiterbauelement kontinuierlich getaktet wird. Hierbei ist die Taktung so eingestellt, dass an den Zusatzkontakten 11 auch kein gefährlicher Lichtbogen entsteht, wenn die Schutzabdeckung 5 entfernt wird.FIG. 4 shows a further circuit diagram which shows the arrangement of the short-
Die Figuren 5 und 6 zeigen das Prinzip der erfindungsgemäßen Stromreduzierung. Der Halbleiterschalter 7 ist vereinfacht als Schalter abgebildet. Parallel hierzu liegt die Kurzschlussbrücke 9, die vereinfacht auch als Schalter dargestellt ist.FIGS. 5 and 6 show the principle of the current reduction according to the invention. The
Bei montierter Schutzabdeckung 5 ist der Schalter 9 geschlossen. Der Laststrom IL fließt über den Schalter 9, wie Fig. 5 zeigt. Wenn die Schutzabdeckung 5 entfernt wird, dann fließt ein reduzierter Strom IR über den Schalter 7, wie Fig. 6 zeigt.When mounted
Anstelle einer elektrischen Lösung mit einer Kurzschlussbrücke ist daher auch eine mechanische bzw. elektromechanische Lösung denkbar. Der Schalter 9 könnte im Gerät integriert und über die Schutzabdeckung 5 mechanisch betätigbar ausgebildet sein. Zur Betätigung könnte ein Betätigungszapfen oder Ähnliches, welches an der an der Schutzabdeckung 5 befestigt wäre, dienen.Instead of an electrical solution with a shorting bridge, therefore, a mechanical or electromechanical solution is conceivable. The
Wie auch noch in den Figuren 1 und 3 gezeigt ist, weist die Schutzabdeckung 5 einen Handgriff 13 auf, der vorzugsweise als Wandung ausgeformt ist. Wie in Fig. 3 zu sehen ist, verdeckt die Schutzabdeckung 5 sowohl die Zusatzkontakte 11 als auch die Laststrom- bzw. PV-Kontakte. Die Schutzabdeckung 5 besteht bevorzugterweise aus Kunststoff, beispielsweise einem Duroplast oder Thermoplast. Sie weist zum Beispiel eine dreidimensionale Form auf und trägt vorzugsweise Abschlusswände 14, wie Fig. 3 zeigt. Ein Mittelsteg 15 versteift die Abdeckung bzw. die als Handgriff 13 dienende Wandung.As also shown in FIGS. 1 and 3, the
Vorzugsweise wird für jeden unabhängigen Eingang des Wechselrichters ein eigener Kontakt 2a, 2b verwendet. Vorzugsweise sind vier oder mehr Kontakte 2 vorhanden. Daher werden mehrere Zusatzkontaktpaare verwendet, insbesondere zwei Paare, wie Fig. 3 zeigt.Preferably, a
Die Schutzabdeckung 5 ist also erfindungsgemäß so am Wechselrichter angeordnet, dass im montierten bzw. gesteckten Zustand die Steck-Anschlüsse des Wechselrichters verdeckt sind und nicht betätigt werden können. Durch Abziehen der Schutzabdeckung 5 durch die integrierten elektrischen Kontakte wird eine Funktion ausgelöst, die dafür sorgt, dass maximal ein für das Abziehen der Anschluss-Stecker des Wechselrichters unschädlicher Strom über die Steck-Anschlüsse fließt. Durch Abziehen der Schutzabdeckung 5 wird weiterhin der Zugriff auf die Steck-Anschlüsse (Kontakte 2) freigegeben, so dass spätestens durch das dann folgende Abziehen der Steck-Anschlüsse vom Wechselrichter eine vollständige Trennung von der vorgelagerten Energiequelle (z.B. PV-Anlage) erfolgt.The
Die zusätzliche Bedieneinheit zur Abdeckung der Steckverbinder des Wechselrichters verhindert in wirkungsvoller Weise, dass Lichtbögen entstehen, die zu einer Personengefährdung führen können. Im Gegensatz zu einem in Wechselrichtern integrierten elektromechanischen Lasttrenner wird der Laststrom nicht vollständig abgeschaltet, sondern es verbleibt ein getakteter, geringfügiger Strom. Das ständige Ein- und Ausschalten des Halbleiterschalters senkt nicht nur den Strom, sondern löscht einen Lichtbogen zusätzlich aufgrund der Taktung.The additional control unit for covering the inverter's connectors effectively prevents arcs that can lead to personal injury. In contrast to a built-in inverter electromechanical load disconnector, the load current is not completely switched off, but it remains a pulsed, small current. The constant switching on and off of the semiconductor switch not only reduces the current, but also extinguishes an arc due to the clocking.
Es ist außerdem möglich, statt der in der Schutzabdeckung 5 angebrachten Kontakte einen Schalter oder Taster im Wechselrichter so anzubringen, dass er durch das Stecken des Zusatzteils in dem Wechselrichter betätigt wird.It is also possible, instead of the contacts mounted in the
Statt einer abziehbaren Schutzabdeckung kann alternativ eine scharnierartig schwenkbare Abdeckung eingesetzt werden.Instead of a peelable protective cover, a hinge hinged cover can alternatively be used.
- 11
- Wechselrichterinverter
- 22
- Steckkontakteplug contacts
- 33
- Photovoltaikmodulephotovoltaic modules
- 44
- PV-SteckerPV connector
- 55
- Schutzabdeckungprotective cover
- 66
- Taktmodulclock module
- 77
- HalbleiterschalterSemiconductor switches
- 88th
- WechselrichtermodulInverter module
- 99
- KurzschlussbrückeShorting
- 1010
- Kontakte (Kurzschlussbrücke)Contacts (shorting bridge)
- 1111
- Zusatzkontakte (Gerät)Additional contacts (device)
- 1212
- Taktsteuerungtiming
- 1313
- Handgriffhandle
- 1414
- Abschlusswändeend walls
- 1515
- Zwischensteggutter
Claims (12)
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass die Schutzabdeckung (5) elektrische Kontakte (10) für ein elektrisches Mittel und zur elektrischen Verbindung mit Zusatzkontakten am Gerät aufweist, so dass beim Abziehen der Schutzabdeckung die Kontakte (10) der Schutzabdeckung (5) von den Zusatzkontakten (11) getrennt werden und der Laststrom reduziert wird.Protective device for a load current-carrying device for preventing or reducing an arc during a disconnection process from the load-carrying plug contacts (2) using a switch (7) which reduces the load current so that a harmless load current remains with a protective cover (5) which can be fastened to the device for the load current plug contacts (2), which makes it difficult to remove the load current plug contacts (2), as long as it is attached to the device, wherein the protective cover (5) has a means which is in operative connection with the switch that the load current through the switch (7) is reduced when the protective cover is removed from the device,
characterized,
in that the protective cover (5) has electrical contacts (10) for an electrical means and for electrical connection with additional contacts on the device so that when the protective cover is removed, the contacts (10) of the protective cover (5) are separated from the additional contacts (11) and the load current is reduced.
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass die Schutzabdeckung (5) eine Kurzschlussbrücke (9) als Mittel umfasst, die die Zusatzkontakte (11) bei montierter Schutzabdeckung (5) kurzschließt.Protection device according to claim 1,
characterized,
in that the protective cover (5) comprises a short-circuiting bridge (9) as means which short-circuits the additional contacts (11) when the protective cover (5) is mounted.
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass die Kurzschlussbrücke (9) parallel zum Schalter (7) geschaltet ist und der Schalter (7) mit der Kurzschlussbrücke (9) im Laststromkreis liegt.Protection device according to claim 2,
characterized,
that the short-circuit bridge (9) is connected in parallel with the switch (7) and the switch (7) with the short-circuit bridge (9) in the load circuit.
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass der Schalter (7) ein Halbleiterschalter ist.Protection device according to one or more of the preceding claims,
characterized,
that the switch (7) is a semiconductor switch.
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass der Schalter (7) ein getakteter Halbleiterschalter ist.Protection device according to one or more of the preceding claims,
characterized,
that the switch (7) is a clocked semiconductor switch.
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass der Schalter (7) ein Relais ist.Protection device according to one or more of the preceding claims,
characterized,
that the switch (7) is a relay.
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass der Schalter (7) als einmal betätigbarer Schalter ausgebildet ist.Protection device according to one or more of the preceding claims,
characterized,
that the switch (7) is designed as a once operable switch.
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass der Halbleiterschalter (7) kontinuierlich getaktet wird.Protection device according to one or more of the preceding claims,
characterized,
that the semiconductor switch (7) is clocked continuously.
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass das Gerät ein Wechselrichtermodul (8) umfasst und der Schalter (7) in einem Taktmodul (6) untergebracht ist, das mit dem Wechselrichtermodul (8) elektrisch verbunden ist.Protection device according to one or more of the preceding claims,
characterized,
in that the device comprises an inverter module (8) and the switch (7) is accommodated in a clock module (6) which is electrically connected to the inverter module (8).
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass das Gerät als Photovoltaik-Wechselrichter ausgebildet ist.Protection device according to one or more of the preceding claims,
characterized,
that the device is designed as a photovoltaic inverter.
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass die Schutzabdeckung (5) einen Handgriff (13) aufweist.Protective device according to one or more of the preceding claims
characterized,
in that the protective cover (5) has a handle (13).
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass der Handgriff (13) als Wandung an der Schutzabdeckung (5) angeformt ist.Protection device according to one or more of the preceding claims,
characterized,
that the handle (13) is formed as a wall on the protective cover (5).
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102004054933A DE102004054933B3 (en) | 2004-11-13 | 2004-11-13 | Protection device for a load current leading device |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1657797A1 true EP1657797A1 (en) | 2006-05-17 |
EP1657797B1 EP1657797B1 (en) | 2008-10-08 |
Family
ID=35744735
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP05023391A Not-in-force EP1657797B1 (en) | 2004-11-13 | 2005-10-26 | Protection device for apparatus carrying load current |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7338311B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1657797B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN100533907C (en) |
AT (1) | ATE410810T1 (en) |
DE (2) | DE102004054933B3 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2314539T3 (en) |
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DE502005005603D1 (en) | 2008-11-20 |
EP1657797B1 (en) | 2008-10-08 |
ES2314539T3 (en) | 2009-03-16 |
CN1773803A (en) | 2006-05-17 |
CN100533907C (en) | 2009-08-26 |
US7338311B2 (en) | 2008-03-04 |
US20060077599A1 (en) | 2006-04-13 |
ATE410810T1 (en) | 2008-10-15 |
DE102004054933B3 (en) | 2006-05-04 |
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