EP1657706A1 - Dispositif de commande d'un appareil d'affichage - Google Patents

Dispositif de commande d'un appareil d'affichage Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1657706A1
EP1657706A1 EP04394068A EP04394068A EP1657706A1 EP 1657706 A1 EP1657706 A1 EP 1657706A1 EP 04394068 A EP04394068 A EP 04394068A EP 04394068 A EP04394068 A EP 04394068A EP 1657706 A1 EP1657706 A1 EP 1657706A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
driver
cell
controller
mode
pixel
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP04394068A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Stuart Norton
Pinter Gabor
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ntera Ltd
Original Assignee
Ntera Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ntera Ltd filed Critical Ntera Ltd
Priority to EP04394068A priority Critical patent/EP1657706A1/fr
Priority to CA002587367A priority patent/CA2587367A1/fr
Priority to EP05805748A priority patent/EP1812925A2/fr
Priority to PCT/IE2005/000127 priority patent/WO2006051516A2/fr
Priority to KR1020077013037A priority patent/KR20070085972A/ko
Priority to CNA2005800431957A priority patent/CN101103389A/zh
Priority to BRPI0516689-6A priority patent/BRPI0516689A/pt
Priority to AU2005303356A priority patent/AU2005303356A1/en
Priority to JP2007540827A priority patent/JP2008532055A/ja
Publication of EP1657706A1 publication Critical patent/EP1657706A1/fr
Priority to IL183130A priority patent/IL183130A0/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
    • G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
    • G09G3/34—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source
    • G09G3/38—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source using electrochromic devices
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
    • G09G3/04—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of a single character by selection from a plurality of characters, or by composing the character by combination of individual elements, e.g. segments using a combination of such display devices for composing words, rows or the like, in a frame with fixed character positions
    • G09G3/16—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of a single character by selection from a plurality of characters, or by composing the character by combination of individual elements, e.g. segments using a combination of such display devices for composing words, rows or the like, in a frame with fixed character positions by control of light from an independent source
    • G09G3/19—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of a single character by selection from a plurality of characters, or by composing the character by combination of individual elements, e.g. segments using a combination of such display devices for composing words, rows or the like, in a frame with fixed character positions by control of light from an independent source using electrochromic devices
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G2310/00—Command of the display device
    • G09G2310/02—Addressing, scanning or driving the display screen or processing steps related thereto
    • G09G2310/0264—Details of driving circuits
    • G09G2310/0275—Details of drivers for data electrodes, other than drivers for liquid crystal, plasma or OLED displays, not related to handling digital grey scale data or to communication of data to the pixels by means of a current
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G2310/00—Command of the display device
    • G09G2310/06—Details of flat display driving waveforms
    • G09G2310/066—Waveforms comprising a gently increasing or decreasing portion, e.g. ramp
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G2320/00—Control of display operating conditions
    • G09G2320/02—Improving the quality of display appearance
    • G09G2320/0233—Improving the luminance or brightness uniformity across the screen
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G2320/00—Control of display operating conditions
    • G09G2320/02—Improving the quality of display appearance
    • G09G2320/029—Improving the quality of display appearance by monitoring one or more pixels in the display panel, e.g. by monitoring a fixed reference pixel

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a driver, in particular a driver for driving electrochromic displays.
  • An electrochromic display comprises a glass display screen, a substrate, tracks and electrochromic segments or pixels, which change colour upon application of an electrical potential.
  • An electrochromic pixel comprises a first electrode made of nanostructured films of semiconducting metal oxides with a self-assembled monolayer of electrochromic viologen molecules.
  • the charge to colour the electrochromic molecules is supplied by a second nanostructure counter electrode, comprised of a doped semiconductor.
  • a reflector made of a porous film of Titanium Dioxide.
  • Electrochromic displays are typically dc driven devices. A voltage can be applied to each individual segment or pixel of the display via a transparent conductive track leading to the pixel from the edge of the glass screen.
  • the transparent conductive tracks are usually fabricated from Indium Tin-Oxide and as such behave in a manner similar to that of a resistor in series with the pixel.
  • the electrochromic pixel has similar characteristics to that of a capacitor in that it has the ability to store charge.
  • the pixel is turned on or charged by applying a voltage to its anode.
  • the charge capacity of a pixel is proportional to the area of the pixel. Once charged, the pixel can be left in open circuit and remain on. This characteristic of the electrochromic display is called bistability. Like a capacitor, however, the charge will slowly dissipate after time, resulting in deterioration of the pixel colouration.
  • dV/dt V/RC.
  • the rate at which individual pixels turn on is inversely proportional to the area of the pixel and the resistance of the associated track.
  • individual pixels may charge at different rates.
  • Pixels, like capacitors, can be damaged when exposed to applied voltages exceeding their capacity.
  • the response time to the switching of electrochromic displays can be quite slow.
  • a system diagram of a driver is indicated, generally at 10, connected to a micro control unit 12 and an electrochromic display 14.
  • the nanostructured film electrode of the electrochromic display pixel comprises an enormous surface area with a high number of electrochromic viologen molecules bound to the surface, enabling the viologens to be switched from colourless to coloured and vice versa very quickly.
  • the high number of viologen molecules attached gives strong colouration and the high speed of electron transfer gives high switching speeds. Different colours can be achieved through using different viologen molecules.
  • the doped semiconductor electrode can store charge due to its high capacitance and as such the display device is endowed with a memory, resulting in bistability and low power consumption.
  • the driver 10 comprises 65 output channels 16, labelled as O[1], O[2], ...O[64], O[65].
  • Each output channel 16 is connected via a corresponding transparent conductive track 18 to a cathode 20 of one of 65 segments or pixels 22 of the electrochromic display 14. It will be appreciated that fewer than the 65 pixels may be used. Likewise, more than 65 pixels can be used by joining or cascading a number of ICs together.
  • the pixels 22 can be turned on or off by application of a dc voltage to the cathodes 20, A common anode 24, corresponding to the cathodes 20 is connected to a supply voltage Vcc.
  • the anode By connecting the anode to a positive voltage relative to ground, the requirement of a negative pixel voltage can be avoided.
  • the pixel voltage applied to the cathode 20 is positive but lower than Vcc.
  • the output channels 16 have been designed as voltage sources that source and sink current in order to get the connected pixel 22 to the applied voltage as quickly as possible.
  • the 65 output channels 16 each support 4 voltage states; two 'on' voltage states, Vref1 and Vref2, an open circuit or high impedance (Hi-Z) state and an 'off' voltage state.
  • the two 'on' voltages are defined by the voltages at pins Vref1 and Vref2, located on the driver 10.
  • An internal circuit and an external current reference resistor R3 define a constant current source that sinks through Vref2 allowing a pair of resistors, R1 and R2, to be used to accurately define the voltages at Vref1 and Vref2.
  • the voltage drop at Vref1 and Vref2 will remain constant relative to Vcc as they will always have a constant current flowing through them, ensuring that the contrast of the electrochromic display 14 will not change if the supply voltage Vcc varies.
  • the constant current is defined by the value of the resistor R3, connected between ground and an Iref pin located on the driver 10.
  • the equation for the constant current is 1.25/R3.
  • resistor R3 has a value of 270K ⁇
  • the current flowing through resistors R1 and R2 will be 4.6 ⁇ A.
  • resistor R3 has a value of 888K ⁇
  • the current flowing through resistors R1 and R2 will be 1.43 ⁇ A.
  • the values of R1 and R2 are then set accordingly to provide the required voltage drop from Vcc to drive the display 14.
  • Vref1 should be set to a value of 0.8V below Vcc and Vref2 should be set between 1.5V and 2V below Vcc.
  • the pixels 22 assume the open circuit or Hi-Z State when the output channels 16 are disconnected from the pixels 22. Once the 'turn on' voltage has been applied to the pixels 22, the pixels can assume the Hi-Z state without any change to the display image. This is due to the ability of the pixels to store charge and is known as bistability. The same display image will be maintained for a period of time before the voltage eventually changes due to charge leakage, causing the pixel image to fade. Depending on the characteristics of the pixel, the image could fade in a matter of minutes or days.
  • the 'off' state is achieved by setting the state for the output channel 16 to Vcc, thus eliminating the voltage drop across the terminals of the pixel, and causing the pixel to turn off.
  • the pixels Once the pixels reach a voltage of approximately 400mV or less, they are assumed to be off. Once the pixel has turned off, it should be set to the Hi-Z State.
  • the driver 10 further comprises three inputs, DATA_IN, SCLK and LOAD, which are connected to corresponding outputs, 26, 28, and 30 respectively, located on the micro control unit 12.
  • An output, SENSE, provided on the driver 10 is connected to an Analogue-to-Digital converter, A/D, located on the micro control unit 12.
  • the driver 10 operates in one of two modes at any one time, programming mode or sense mode. In order to program the state of some or all of the pixels of the display 14, the driver needs to operate in the programming mode. In programming mode, the driver 10 is provided with information representing the pixels at its input DATA_IN in accordance with the clock signal provided to the input SCLK. The driver 10 operates in the sense mode to monitor the behaviour of each of the pixels 22. In sense mode, a signal representing the state of a pixel is provided at the SENSE output and fed to the analog-to-digital converter A/D, where it is compared with a reference value. This mode enables the MCU 12 to sense variations in pixel voltage due to exposure to UV light, voltage coupling from neighbouring pixels being switched on, irregularities in the pixel, response to the applied voltage and other varying factors.
  • Fig. 2 there is provided a block diagram of the driver 10, according to the preferred embodiment of the invention.
  • the driver 10 comprises a control logic unit, 32 and a 130-bit shift register 34.
  • the register 34 is connected to a 130-bit latch 36.
  • the content of the 130-bit latch 36 is fed to 65 2-to-4-bit decoders 38, the outputs of which are connected to 65 corresponding CD (chromodynamic, i.e. electrochromic) drivers 40.
  • the NCD drivers are in turn connected to the output channels 16.
  • the 130-bit shift register 34 is also connected to a 7-bit latch 44.
  • the content of the 7-bit latch 44 is fed to a 7-to-65-bit decoder 46.
  • the outputs of the decoder 46 are connected to 65 respective switches 42, which control the monitoring of the pixels.
  • the 65 NCD drivers 40 are connected to the 65 switches 42, which in turn provide an input to the output SENSE.
  • the input DATA_IN is connected to the 130-bit shift register and the inputs SCLK and LOAD are connected to the control logic unit 32, which is in turn connected to the 130-bit shift register 34 at two points.
  • the SCLK input is a clocked input and is controlled by the MCU 12. In the preferred embodiment, the maximum frequency of the SCLK is 10MHz.
  • the LOAD input can assume a high or low signal value and is also controlled by the MCU 12. The value of the LOAD input determines whether the shift register 34 is filled with 7-bits or 130-bits.
  • the micro control unit For the driver 10 to operate in the programming mode, the micro control unit must send a low signal value to the control logic unit 32 via the driver input LOAD as illustrated in Fig. 3(a). The micro control unit 12 then feeds 130-bits into the register 34, via the input DATA_IN. Each 2-bit binary value of the 130 bits represents the desired state of one of the 65 pixels.
  • Data representing the desired state for each of the 65 pixels, is shifted from the DATA_IN input into the register 34 at each low to high transition of the SCLK clock.
  • the MCU 12 provides a high signal value at the LOAD input, causing the content of the shift register to be loaded into the 130-bit latch 36.
  • the decoders 38 decode the data, and supply the corresponding NCD drivers 40 with the desired state information for each pixel.
  • the NCD drivers 40 provide the output channels 16 with the requested voltage, according to Table 1, which is applied to the pixels.
  • the mode of operation changes from programming mode to sense mode, as illustrated in Fig. 3(b).
  • sense mode each bit of a 7-bit binary value representing the pixel number to be sensed is loaded into the shift register 34 on every low to high transition of the SCLK clock.
  • the LOAD input signal changes momentarily from high to low before returning to the high state. This causes the 7-bit binary value to be loaded into the 7-bit latch 44, from where it is decoded by the decoder 46 and applied to one of the 65 switches 42 corresponding to the pixel number. This switch 42 disconnects the corresponding NCD driver 40 from the corresponding output channel 16.
  • the pixel 22 This causes the pixel 22 to assume the Hi-Z state enabling its voltage to be sensed.
  • the sensed voltage is applied to the SENSE output and fed to the Analogue-to-Digital Converter A/D located on the micro control unit.
  • the A/D converts the signal to a digital value, which is compared with a fixed reference value, the outcome of which determines whether it is required to change the state of the pixel 22.
  • the NCD driver 40 is reconnected to its associated output channel 16.
  • Fig. 4 there is illustrated a plot of the applied pixel voltage against time.
  • Vref2 which exceeds the safe voltage limit of the pixels.
  • Vref1 the safe voltage Vref1 is applied to ensure that the pixels don't exceed their voltage capacity for too long.
  • the driver 10 will operate in the sense mode during charging until it is sensed that a pixel voltage is within a predefined range of a fixed reference voltage or Vref1, and that the applied voltage thus needs to be changed from Vref2 to Vref1 to avoid overcharging. It will be appreciated however, that the sense mode can also be used to determine whether a pixel voltage in the Hi-Z state has drifted and thus requires a voltage, Vref1 or Vref2, to be applied to return the pixel voltage to the desired level.
  • the MCU 10 will then send a low signal to the LOAD input causing the driver 10 to change to programming mode and the required voltage (including open circuiting) will be applied to the associated pixel output channel 16 by setting the input bits for the pixel to the required state.
  • the driver 10 will then return to sense mode.
  • the MCU 12 contains timing information relating to each individual pixel of the display 12. This timing information is derived from the known capacitance of each pixel and the resistance of its associated ITO track and provides the MCU 12 with an estimated time period for the application of both Vref1 and Vref2. In this embodiment, the MCU 12 timing information also contains an estimated time for which the display 14 will remain coloured. This timing information is used to schedule the sensing of the pixels. If a pixel is sensed according to the schedule, and it is determined that due to voltage variations, it has not reached the predefined range which defines the necessity to change the applied voltage, the timing information associated with that pixel voltage is incremented by a predefined amount, and the schedule is updated accordingly.
  • the timing information associated with that pixel voltage is decremented by a predefined amount, the schedule is updated accordingly and the required voltage (including open circuiting) is applied to the pixel.
  • the MCU 12 detects that a pixel in the Hi-Z state has leaked charge, it will adjust the related timing information, update the schedule and change the mode of operation of the driver 10 to programming mode in order to apply the required safe voltage to 'top up' the pixel.
  • the driver 10 will operate in programming mode in order to change the applied voltage of one or more of the pixels in accordance with both the estimated timing information stored in the MCU 12 and the outcome of the sensing operation.
  • the timing information is incremented or decremented by an amount directly related to the approximate rate of charge of the pixel at the time the pixel is sensed.
  • the MCU 12 stores the time at which each pixel enters each state.
  • the MCU determines the time and associated voltage of the pixel. The same pixel is sensed again, and again the MCU determines the time and associated voltage of the pixel. The MCU can then use these two results to determine the rate of charge of the pixel and update the timing information as appropriate.
  • the MCU determines a first time and associated voltage of the pixel, then momentarily reconnects the pixel output channel to its NCD driver before determining a second time and associated voltage for the pixel. These values are then used to determine the rate of charge of the pixel and update the timing information as appropriate.
  • the Analogue-to-Digital Converter located on the MCU 12 is replaced with a comparator, which compares the sensed voltage signal with the safe voltage Vref1.
  • the driver can be set to a standby state. This is achieved by setting all of the output channels to the Hi-Z state and setting the driver to programming mode. In this state, the constant current source that provides the Vref1 and Vref2 voltages is shut down, enabling the driver 10 to achieve very low power consumption.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Control Of Indicators Other Than Cathode Ray Tubes (AREA)
  • Electrochromic Elements, Electrophoresis, Or Variable Reflection Or Absorption Elements (AREA)
EP04394068A 2004-11-11 2004-11-11 Dispositif de commande d'un appareil d'affichage Withdrawn EP1657706A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (10)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP04394068A EP1657706A1 (fr) 2004-11-11 2004-11-11 Dispositif de commande d'un appareil d'affichage
CNA2005800431957A CN101103389A (zh) 2004-11-11 2005-11-09 显示器的驱动器
EP05805748A EP1812925A2 (fr) 2004-11-11 2005-11-09 Dispositifs, procedes et systemes d'attaque d'afficheur
PCT/IE2005/000127 WO2006051516A2 (fr) 2004-11-11 2005-11-09 Dispositifs, procedes et systemes d'attaque d'afficheur
KR1020077013037A KR20070085972A (ko) 2004-11-11 2005-11-09 디스플레이 구동장치
CA002587367A CA2587367A1 (fr) 2004-11-11 2005-11-09 Dispositifs, procedes et systemes d'attaque d'afficheur
BRPI0516689-6A BRPI0516689A (pt) 2004-11-11 2005-11-09 dispositivos, métodos e sistemas de direcionamento de visores
AU2005303356A AU2005303356A1 (en) 2004-11-11 2005-11-09 Display driver
JP2007540827A JP2008532055A (ja) 2004-11-11 2005-11-09 ディスプレイを駆動する装置、方法及びシステム
IL183130A IL183130A0 (en) 2004-11-11 2007-05-10 Devices, methods and systems for driving displays

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP04394068A EP1657706A1 (fr) 2004-11-11 2004-11-11 Dispositif de commande d'un appareil d'affichage

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1657706A1 true EP1657706A1 (fr) 2006-05-17

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ID=34932010

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP04394068A Withdrawn EP1657706A1 (fr) 2004-11-11 2004-11-11 Dispositif de commande d'un appareil d'affichage
EP05805748A Withdrawn EP1812925A2 (fr) 2004-11-11 2005-11-09 Dispositifs, procedes et systemes d'attaque d'afficheur

Family Applications After (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP05805748A Withdrawn EP1812925A2 (fr) 2004-11-11 2005-11-09 Dispositifs, procedes et systemes d'attaque d'afficheur

Country Status (9)

Country Link
EP (2) EP1657706A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2008532055A (fr)
KR (1) KR20070085972A (fr)
CN (1) CN101103389A (fr)
AU (1) AU2005303356A1 (fr)
BR (1) BRPI0516689A (fr)
CA (1) CA2587367A1 (fr)
IL (1) IL183130A0 (fr)
WO (1) WO2006051516A2 (fr)

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
TW200826018A (en) * 2006-10-12 2008-06-16 Ntera Inc Distributed display apparatus
JP5790403B2 (ja) 2010-12-07 2015-10-07 株式会社リコー エレクトロクロミック表示装置
JP2016218358A (ja) * 2015-05-25 2016-12-22 株式会社リコー エレクトロクロミック素子の駆動方法及びエレクトロクロミック素子
KR102079344B1 (ko) * 2018-11-26 2020-04-13 (주)미경테크 전기 변색 거울 제어 장치
WO2022056809A1 (fr) 2020-09-18 2022-03-24 深圳市汇顶科技股份有限公司 Puce de commande tactile, procédé de codage et dispositif électronique
CN111930267B (zh) * 2020-09-18 2021-02-12 深圳市汇顶科技股份有限公司 触控芯片、打码方法和电子设备
CN114690505B (zh) * 2020-12-30 2024-01-30 北京小米移动软件有限公司 移动终端及其控制方法
CN113641211B (zh) * 2021-08-13 2023-06-30 艾尔普仪表科技(芜湖)有限公司 一种电流输出型函数信号发生器

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0490658A1 (fr) * 1990-12-11 1992-06-17 Donnelly Corporation Dispositif électrochrome capable de coloration prolongée
US5973819A (en) * 1998-09-21 1999-10-26 Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. Method and apparatus for controlling an electrochromic device

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS63179335A (ja) * 1987-01-20 1988-07-23 Hitachi Maxell Ltd エレクトロクロミツク表示装置

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0490658A1 (fr) * 1990-12-11 1992-06-17 Donnelly Corporation Dispositif électrochrome capable de coloration prolongée
US5973819A (en) * 1998-09-21 1999-10-26 Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. Method and apparatus for controlling an electrochromic device

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU2005303356A1 (en) 2006-05-18
CA2587367A1 (fr) 2006-05-18
CN101103389A (zh) 2008-01-09
EP1812925A2 (fr) 2007-08-01
IL183130A0 (en) 2007-09-20
BRPI0516689A (pt) 2008-09-16
JP2008532055A (ja) 2008-08-14
WO2006051516A3 (fr) 2007-01-25
KR20070085972A (ko) 2007-08-27
WO2006051516A2 (fr) 2006-05-18

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