EP1657319A1 - Aluminium alloy - Google Patents

Aluminium alloy Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1657319A1
EP1657319A1 EP05021924A EP05021924A EP1657319A1 EP 1657319 A1 EP1657319 A1 EP 1657319A1 EP 05021924 A EP05021924 A EP 05021924A EP 05021924 A EP05021924 A EP 05021924A EP 1657319 A1 EP1657319 A1 EP 1657319A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
casting
weight
max
silver
alloy
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Granted
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EP05021924A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1657319B1 (en
Inventor
Ute Lohrey
Franz-Josef Dr. Klinkenberg
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Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
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Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
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Publication of EP1657319A1 publication Critical patent/EP1657319A1/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
    • C22F1/043—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with silicon as the next major constituent

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an aluminum casting alloy. It also has a method for producing a casting of such a casting alloy and the use of the casting alloy to the object.
  • Cast alloys from the Al-Si-Mg system in particular Al-Si5-10Mg and AlSi5-10MgCu are used in the automotive industry for sand casting and chill casting of cylinder heads and engine blocks.
  • the mechanical properties, in particular the yield strength of the castings leaves much to be desired.
  • silver-containing aluminum casting alloys are known, for example AlCu4TiMgAg, wherein the silver content is 0.4 to 1 wt .-%.
  • these alloys have extremely poor castability, especially unsatisfactory interdendritic power. This is reflected in their hot crack tendency, so that they are unsuitable for casting engine blocks and the like, since there even small cracks lead to component failure. As a result, they also contain no silicon, because this would increase the tendency of hot cracking.
  • the silver-containing aluminum casting alloy shows lower thermal conductivity over Al-Si-Mg (Cu) alloys. However, a low thermal conductivity leads to an engine block / cylinder head a high temperature and is therefore equivalent to a reduced yield strength.
  • an aluminum casting alloy which contains 5 to 12% by weight of silicon, 0 to 0.8% by weight of magnesium and at least one additive from the group consisting of copper, silver, calcium, manganese, zinc and tin contains in an amount that should correspond exactly to the solubility at the maximum operating temperature of the respective component.
  • EP 0 445 684 A1 discloses an aluminum alloy which, if it has manganese, iron, silicon and titanium according to the general formula given therein, contains at least 15% by weight of silver.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a cast alloy of good castability with improved mechanical properties, in particular improved yield strength.
  • an aluminum casting alloy having either the following composition 5 - 11% silicon 0.1 - 0.8% magnesium 0.05 - 5% silver Max. 0.30% iron Max. 0.20% titanium Manganese max. 2/3 of the iron content Max. 0.10% zinc as well as aluminum as rest and further impurities individually max. 0.03%, total 0.1% or the following composition 5 - 11% silicon 0.1 - 0.8% magnesium 0.2 - 0.8% copper 0.05 - 5% silver Max. 0.30% iron Max. 0.20% titanium Manganese max. 2/3 of the iron content Max. 0.10% zinc as well as aluminum as rest and further impurities individually max. 0.03%, total 0.1% having. All percentages are by weight unless otherwise stated.
  • the magnesium content is preferably 0.25 to 0.50%, the iron content preferably max. 0.20%, the titanium content preferably max. 0.10%.
  • the manganese content is max. 2/3 of the iron content, preferably max. 0.05% and the zinc content preferably max. 0.05%, while the copper content is preferably 0.4-0.6%.
  • the iron content and / or titanium content of the alloy according to the invention is normally not less than 0.03 wt .-%.
  • the upper limit of the silver content is preferably for reasons of cost, preferably at most 1%.
  • the lower one Limit is 0.05%, but in practice the silver content is more than 0.10%.
  • the silver is added to a primary alloy in the appropriate amount.
  • AlSi7Mg or Al-Si7MgCu0,5 can be used as the primary alloy.
  • the castings cast from the alloy according to the invention are preferably subjected to solution heat treatment and quenching with water or optionally with air. Thereafter, aging takes place at about 150-200 ° C. for several hours. In addition to this heat treatment, post aging is performed for about 200 hours to simulate engine operation. In the downstream castings, a significant improvement in the yield strength is observed.
  • the casting alloy according to the invention is particularly suitable for sand and chill casting, especially of engine core components, in particular the engine block, cylinder head, crankcase and the like cast components, especially in the automotive industry.
  • the castings were solution-annealed for several hours, quenched with water, paged out (T64 / T6 heat treatment), additionally stored at about 250 ° C. for about 200 hours and then drawn cold.
  • the results are of particular importance, because the post-aging of about 200 hours at 250 ° C is to be regarded as a simulation of the engine operation. That is, the addition of silver, the heat resistance of, for example, an engine block / cylinder head is substantially increased, and thus reduces the thermal shock sensitivity accordingly.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Molds, Cores, And Manufacturing Methods Thereof (AREA)
  • Continuous Casting (AREA)

Abstract

New aluminum casting alloy (I) comprises (by weight) 5-11% silicon, 0.1-0.8% magnesium, 0.05-5% silver, at most 0.30% iron, at most 0.20% titanium, at most 2/3 of the iron content of manganese, at most 0.10% zinc and the remainder aluminum, the contents of further impurities being at most 0.03% individually and at most 0.1% in total. An independent claim is included for the production of castings from (I), where the casting is solution annealed, quenched and hot stored.

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Aluminium-Gusslegierung. Sie hat zudem ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Gussstücks aus einer solchen Gusslegierung sowie die Verwendung der Gusslegierung zum Gegenstand.The invention relates to an aluminum casting alloy. It also has a method for producing a casting of such a casting alloy and the use of the casting alloy to the object.

Gusslegierungen aus dem System Al-Si-Mg, insbesondere Al-Si5-10Mg sowie AlSi5-10MgCu werden in der Automobilindustrie zum Sand- und Kokillenguss von Zylinderköpfen und Motorblöcken eingesetzt. Die mechanischen Eigenschaften, insbesondere die Streckgrenze der Gussstücke lässt jedoch noch zu wünschen übrig.Cast alloys from the Al-Si-Mg system, in particular Al-Si5-10Mg and AlSi5-10MgCu are used in the automotive industry for sand casting and chill casting of cylinder heads and engine blocks. The mechanical properties, in particular the yield strength of the castings leaves much to be desired.

Auch sind silberhaltige Aluminium-Gusslegierungen bekannt, z.B. AlCu4TiMgAg, wobei der Silbergehalt 0,4 bis 1 Gew.-% beträgt. Diese Legierungen weisen jedoch eine äußerst schlechte Gießbarkeit, insbesondere ein unbefriedigendes interdentritisches Speisungsvermögen auf. Dies schlägt sich in ihrer Warmrissneigung nieder, so dass sie zum Gießen von Motorblöcken und dergleichen ungeeignet sind, da dort schon geringe Anrisse zum Bauteilversagen führen. Demzufolge enthalten sie auch kein Silizium, weil dies die Warmrissneigung noch erhöhen würde. Ferner zeigt die silberhaltige Aluminium-Gusslegierung eine niedrigere Wärmeleitfähigkeit gegenüber Al-Si-Mg(Cu)-Legierungen. Eine geringe Wärmeleitfähigkeit führt jedoch bei einem Motorblock/Zylinderkopf zu einer hohen Temperatur und ist demgemäß einer reduzierten Streckgrenze gleichzusetzen.Also, silver-containing aluminum casting alloys are known, for example AlCu4TiMgAg, wherein the silver content is 0.4 to 1 wt .-%. However, these alloys have extremely poor castability, especially unsatisfactory interdendritic power. This is reflected in their hot crack tendency, so that they are unsuitable for casting engine blocks and the like, since there even small cracks lead to component failure. As a result, they also contain no silicon, because this would increase the tendency of hot cracking. Further, the silver-containing aluminum casting alloy shows lower thermal conductivity over Al-Si-Mg (Cu) alloys. However, a low thermal conductivity leads to an engine block / cylinder head a high temperature and is therefore equivalent to a reduced yield strength.

Aus DE 1 255 456 B ist ein Schweißzusatzwerkstoff auf Aluminiumbasis bekannt, der Silber zur Erhöhung der Widerstandsfähigkeit gegen Korrosion enthält.From DE 1 255 456 B, an aluminum-based welding filler containing silver to increase corrosion resistance is known.

Aus AT 003 653 U1 ist eine Aluminium-Gusslegierung bekannt, die 5 bis 12 Gew.-% Silizium, 0 bis 0,8 Gew.-% Magnesium und mindestens einen Zusatzstoff aus der Gruppe Kupfer, Silber, Kalzium, Mangan, Zink und Zinn in einer Menge enthält, die genau der Löslichkeit bei der maximalen Betriebstemperatur des jeweiligen,Bauteiles entsprechen soll.From AT 003 653 U1 an aluminum casting alloy is known which contains 5 to 12% by weight of silicon, 0 to 0.8% by weight of magnesium and at least one additive from the group consisting of copper, silver, calcium, manganese, zinc and tin contains in an amount that should correspond exactly to the solubility at the maximum operating temperature of the respective component.

US 3,765,877 beschreibt eine Aluminium-Gusslegierung, die 0,1 bis 1,0 Gew.-% Silber und 3,5 bis 6 Gew.-% Kupfer enthält. Aus EP 0 445 684 A1 geht eine Aluminiumlegierung hervor, die, wenn sie nach der dort angegebenen allgemeinen Formel Mangan, Eisen, Silizium und Titan aufweist, mindestens 15 Gew.-% Silber enthält.US 3,765,877 describes an aluminum casting alloy containing 0.1 to 1.0% by weight of silver and 3.5 to 6% by weight of copper. EP 0 445 684 A1 discloses an aluminum alloy which, if it has manganese, iron, silicon and titanium according to the general formula given therein, contains at least 15% by weight of silver.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, eine Gusslegierung guter Gießbarkeit mit verbesserten mechanischen Eigenschaften, insbesondere verbesserter Streckgrenze bereitzustellen.The object of the invention is to provide a cast alloy of good castability with improved mechanical properties, in particular improved yield strength.

Dies wird erfindungsgemäß mit einer Aluminium-Gusslegierung erreicht, die entweder folgende Zusammensetzung
5 - 11 % Silizium
0,1 - 0,8 % Magnesium
0,05 - 5 % Silber
max. 0,30 % Eisen
max. 0,20 % Titan
Mangan max. 2/3 des Eisengehalts
max. 0,10 % Zink
sowie Aluminium als Rest
und weitere Verunreinigungen einzeln max. 0,03 %, insgesamt 0,1 %
oder folgende Zusammensetzung
5 - 11 % Silizium
0,1 - 0,8 % Magnesium
0,2 - 0,8 % Kupfer
0,05 - 5 % Silber
max. 0,30 % Eisen
max. 0,20 % Titan
Mangan max. 2/3 des Eisengehalts
max. 0,10 % Zink
sowie Aluminium als Rest
und weitere Verunreinigungen einzeln max. 0,03 %, insgesamt 0,1 %
aufweist. Dabei beziehen sich alle Prozentangaben auf Gewichtsprozent, sofern nichts anderes angegeben ist.This is achieved according to the invention with an aluminum casting alloy having either the following composition
5 - 11% silicon
0.1 - 0.8% magnesium
0.05 - 5% silver
Max. 0.30% iron
Max. 0.20% titanium
Manganese max. 2/3 of the iron content
Max. 0.10% zinc
as well as aluminum as rest
and further impurities individually max. 0.03%, total 0.1%
or the following composition
5 - 11% silicon
0.1 - 0.8% magnesium
0.2 - 0.8% copper
0.05 - 5% silver
Max. 0.30% iron
Max. 0.20% titanium
Manganese max. 2/3 of the iron content
Max. 0.10% zinc
as well as aluminum as rest
and further impurities individually max. 0.03%, total 0.1%
having. All percentages are by weight unless otherwise stated.

Der Magnesiumgehalt beträgt vorzugsweise 0,25 bis 0,50 %, der Eisengehalt vorzugsweise max. 0,20 %, der Titangehalt vorzugsweise max. 0,10 %. Der Mangangehalt beträgt max. 2/3 des Eisengehalts, vorzugsweise max. 0,05 % und der Zinkgehalt vorzugsweise max. 0,05 %, während der Kupfergehalt vorzugsweise 0,4 - 0,6 % beträgt. Der Eisengehalt und/oder Titangehalt der erfindungsgemäßen Legierung liegt normalerweise nicht unter 0,03 Gew.-%.The magnesium content is preferably 0.25 to 0.50%, the iron content preferably max. 0.20%, the titanium content preferably max. 0.10%. The manganese content is max. 2/3 of the iron content, preferably max. 0.05% and the zinc content preferably max. 0.05%, while the copper content is preferably 0.4-0.6%. The iron content and / or titanium content of the alloy according to the invention is normally not less than 0.03 wt .-%.

Die obere Grenze des Silbergehalts liegt insbesondere aus Kostengründen vorzugsweise bei höchstens 1 %. Die untere Grenze liegt bei 0,05 %, in der Praxis beträgt jedoch der Silbergehalt mehr als 0,10 %.The upper limit of the silver content is preferably for reasons of cost, preferably at most 1%. The lower one Limit is 0.05%, but in practice the silver content is more than 0.10%.

Zur Herstellung der erfindungsgemäßen Legierung wird einer Primärlegierung das Silber in der entsprechenden Menge zugegeben. Als Primärlegierung kann AlSi7Mg oder Al-Si7MgCu0,5 verwendet werden.To produce the alloy according to the invention, the silver is added to a primary alloy in the appropriate amount. AlSi7Mg or Al-Si7MgCu0,5 can be used as the primary alloy.

Die aus der erfindungsgemäßen Legierung gegossenen Gussstücke werden vorzugsweise einem Lösungsglühen und einem Abschrecken mit Wasser oder gegebenenfalls Luft unterworfen. Anschließend findet ein Auslagern für mehrere Stunden bei etwa 150 - 200 °C statt. Zusätzlich zu dieser Wärmebehandlung wird ca. 200 Stunden eine Nachauslagerung durchgeführt, um den Motorbetrieb zu simulieren. Bei den nachausgelagerten Gussstücken ist eine deutliche Verbesserung der Streckgrenze festzustellen.The castings cast from the alloy according to the invention are preferably subjected to solution heat treatment and quenching with water or optionally with air. Thereafter, aging takes place at about 150-200 ° C. for several hours. In addition to this heat treatment, post aging is performed for about 200 hours to simulate engine operation. In the downstream castings, a significant improvement in the yield strength is observed.

Die erfindungsgemäße Gusslegierung ist insbesondere für den Sand- und Kokillenguss geeignet, vor allem von Motorkernbauteilen, insbesondere dem Motorblock, Zylinderkopf, Kurbelgehäuse und dergleichen Gussbauteilen, insbesondere in der Automobilindustrie.The casting alloy according to the invention is particularly suitable for sand and chill casting, especially of engine core components, in particular the engine block, cylinder head, crankcase and the like cast components, especially in the automotive industry.

Die nachstehenden Beispiele dienen der weiteren Erläuterung der Erfindung.The following examples serve to further illustrate the invention.

Beispielexample

Mit einem Zugversuch wurde die Streckgrenze und Zugfestigkeit folgender Legierungen bestimmt:

  • Legierung 1 (Vergleich) AlSi7MgCu0, 5
  • Legierung 2 (= Legierung 1) +0,5 % Ag
  • Legierung 3 (Vergleich) AlSi7Mg
  • Legierung 4 (= Legierung 3) +0,5 % Ag.
With a tensile test, the yield strength and tensile strength of the following alloys was determined:
  • Alloy 1 (comparative) AlSi7MgCu0, 5
  • Alloy 2 (= alloy 1) +0.5% Ag
  • Alloy 3 (comparative) AlSi7Mg
  • Alloy 4 (= Alloy 3) +0.5% Ag.

Die Gussstücke wurden mehrere Stunden lösungsgeglüht, mit Wasser abgeschreckt, ausgelagert (T64/T6 - Wärmebehandlung), zusätzlich bei ca. 250 °C ca. 200 Stunden nachausgelagert und dann kalt gezogen.The castings were solution-annealed for several hours, quenched with water, paged out (T64 / T6 heat treatment), additionally stored at about 250 ° C. for about 200 hours and then drawn cold.

Die Ergebnisse sind in der beigegefügten Figur dargestellt. Es ist ersichtlich, dass bei den erfindungsgemäßen Legierungen 2 und 4 eine deutliche Erhöhung der Streckgrenze und Zugfestigkeit gegenüber den Vergleichslegierungen 1 und 3 eintritt, insbesondere bei der kupferhaltigen Legierung 2, bei der der Silbergehalt von 0,5 % zu einer Erhöhung der Streckgrenze auf 138 MPa gegenüber der Streckgrenze der Legierung 1 von 113 MPa führt.The results are shown in the attached figure. It can be seen that in the case of alloys 2 and 4 according to the invention a marked increase in yield strength and tensile strength occurs compared to comparative alloys 1 and 3, in particular for copper-containing alloy 2, in which the silver content of 0.5% leads to an increase in the yield strength to 138 MPa over the yield strength of alloy 1 of 113 MPa leads.

Die Ergebnisse sind von besonderer Bedeutung, weil die Nachauslagerung von ca. 200 Stunden bei 250 °C als Simulation des Motorbetriebes anzusehen ist. Das heißt, durch den Silberzusatz wird die Warmfestigkeit beispielsweise eines Motorblocks/Zylinderkopfes wesentlich erhöht und damit die Thermoschockempfindlichkeit entsprechend herabgesetzt.The results are of particular importance, because the post-aging of about 200 hours at 250 ° C is to be regarded as a simulation of the engine operation. That is, the addition of silver, the heat resistance of, for example, an engine block / cylinder head is substantially increased, and thus reduces the thermal shock sensitivity accordingly.

Claims (6)

Aluminium-Gusslegierung, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie aus
5 - 11 Gew.-% Silizium
0,1 - 0,8 Gew.-% Magnesium
0,05 - 5 Gew.-% Silber
max. 0,30 Gew.-% Eisen
max. 0,20 Gew.-% Titan
Mangan max. 2/3 des Eisengehalts
max. 0,10 Gew.-% Zink
sowie Aluminium als Rest
und weiteren Verunreinigungen einzeln max.
0,03 Gew.-%, insgesamt 0,1 Gew.-%
besteht.Cast aluminum alloy, characterized in that it consists of
5 - 11 wt .-% silicon
0.1-0.8% by weight of magnesium
0.05 - 5 wt .-% silver
Max. 0.30 wt .-% iron
Max. 0.20% by weight of titanium
Manganese max. 2/3 of the iron content
Max. 0.10% by weight of zinc
as well as aluminum as rest
and further impurities individually max.
0.03% by weight, total 0.1% by weight
consists. Aluminium-Gusslegierung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie außerdem 0,2 bis 0,8 Gew.-% Kupfer enthält.Cast aluminum alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that it also contains 0.2 to 0.8% by weight of copper. Aluminium-Gusslegierung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Silbergehalt 0,1 bis 1,0 Gew.-% beträgt.Cast aluminum alloy according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the silver content is 0.1 to 1.0 wt .-%. Aluminium-Gusslegierung nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie aus einer AlSi7MgCu0,5-Primärlegierung besteht, der maximal 1 Gew.-% Silber zugesetzt ist.Cast aluminum alloy according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it consists of an AlSi7MgCu0.5 primary alloy, to which at most 1% by weight of silver has been added. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Gussstücks mit einer Gusslegierung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Gussstück lösungsgeglüht, abgeschreckt und warm ausgelagert wird.Process for producing a casting with a casting alloy according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the casting is solution-annealed, quenched and hot-aged. Verwendung der Aluminium-Gusslegierung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4 zum Sand- oder Kokillenguss.Use of the aluminum casting alloy according to one of claims 1 to 4 for sand casting or chill casting.
EP20050021924 2004-11-06 2005-10-07 Use of an Aluminium casting alloy Ceased EP1657319B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE200410053746 DE102004053746A1 (en) 2004-11-06 2004-11-06 Aluminum casting alloy, useful for sand or chill casting, e.g. of automobile engine components, based on aluminum, silicon and magnesium and containing added silver to increase yield point

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1657319A1 true EP1657319A1 (en) 2006-05-17
EP1657319B1 EP1657319B1 (en) 2008-09-03

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1882754A1 (en) 2006-07-27 2008-01-30 FAGOR, S.Coop Aluminium alloy
EP1882753A1 (en) * 2006-07-27 2008-01-30 Fagor, S.Coop. Aluminium alloy

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1255456B (en) 1964-02-01 1967-11-30 Svenska Metallverken Ab Welding filler material for corrosion-resistant fusion welding of alloys based on aluminum, especially AlZnMg alloys
US3765877A (en) 1972-11-24 1973-10-16 Olin Corp High strength aluminum base alloy
EP0445684A1 (en) 1990-03-06 1991-09-11 Ykk Corporation High strength, heat resistant aluminum-based alloys
AT3653U1 (en) 1999-08-05 2000-06-26 Avl List Gmbh ALUMINUM CAST ALLOY

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1255456B (en) 1964-02-01 1967-11-30 Svenska Metallverken Ab Welding filler material for corrosion-resistant fusion welding of alloys based on aluminum, especially AlZnMg alloys
US3765877A (en) 1972-11-24 1973-10-16 Olin Corp High strength aluminum base alloy
EP0445684A1 (en) 1990-03-06 1991-09-11 Ykk Corporation High strength, heat resistant aluminum-based alloys
AT3653U1 (en) 1999-08-05 2000-06-26 Avl List Gmbh ALUMINUM CAST ALLOY

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Title
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H. FUCHS, H.-J. HAGEBÖLLING, F. HUSMEIER, M. WAPPELHORST: "Legierungsentwicklung für hochbeanspruchte Diesel-Zylinderköpfe", GIESSEREI-RUNDSCHAU, no. 50, 2003, pages 66 - 71, XP009057735 *
H. FUCHS, M. WAPPELHORST: "Leichtmetallwerkstoffe für hochbelastete Motorblöcke und Zylinderköpfe", MTZ, no. 64, 2003, pages 868 - 875, XP002356404 *
VASILAKOS, A. N. ET AL: "Thermodynamic analysis and mechanical properties of cast aluminum alloy A357 with Cu, Ag, and Sm additions", METALL (HEIDELBERG) , 50(9), 556-560 CODEN: MTLLAF; ISSN: 0026-0746, 1996, XP009057849 *

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1882754A1 (en) 2006-07-27 2008-01-30 FAGOR, S.Coop Aluminium alloy
EP1882753A1 (en) * 2006-07-27 2008-01-30 Fagor, S.Coop. Aluminium alloy

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EP1657319B1 (en) 2008-09-03
DE102004053746A1 (en) 2006-05-11
DE502005005249D1 (en) 2008-10-16

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