EP1656206A1 - Nozzle assembly for producing planar spray fields - Google Patents

Nozzle assembly for producing planar spray fields

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Publication number
EP1656206A1
EP1656206A1 EP04738538A EP04738538A EP1656206A1 EP 1656206 A1 EP1656206 A1 EP 1656206A1 EP 04738538 A EP04738538 A EP 04738538A EP 04738538 A EP04738538 A EP 04738538A EP 1656206 A1 EP1656206 A1 EP 1656206A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
spray
nozzles
arrangement according
nozzle
water mist
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP04738538A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1656206B1 (en
Inventor
Axel Kretzschmar
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Individual
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Individual
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B13/00—Machines or plants for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces of objects or other work by spraying, not covered by groups B05B1/00 - B05B11/00
    • B05B13/02—Means for supporting work; Arrangement or mounting of spray heads; Adaptation or arrangement of means for feeding work
    • B05B13/0278—Arrangement or mounting of spray heads
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B1/00—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means
    • B05B1/14—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means with multiple outlet openings; with strainers in or outside the outlet opening
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B15/00—Details of spraying plant or spraying apparatus not otherwise provided for; Accessories
    • B05B15/60—Arrangements for mounting, supporting or holding spraying apparatus
    • B05B15/65—Mounting arrangements for fluid connection of the spraying apparatus or its outlets to flow conduits
    • B05B15/658—Mounting arrangements for fluid connection of the spraying apparatus or its outlets to flow conduits the spraying apparatus or its outlet axis being perpendicular to the flow conduit

Definitions

  • the invention is based on an arrangement for generating flat spray fields, such as those produced by linear or flat spray nozzles, according to the preamble of the main claim.
  • the spray fields are in both horizontal and vertical dimensions for a wide variety of applications, such as. B. cooling, cleaning, moistening, sprinkling, etc. generated.
  • An essential requirement of flat spray fields is a closed and even application of the area. Examples of nozzle arrangements are shown in a catalog sheet from the nozzle manufacturer Lechler (Edition 2000, p. 13). In the case of a linear arrangement of flat jet and also tongue nozzles for generating a horizontal spray field, a nozzle spacing is recommended which ensures an overlap of the jet width of 1/3 to 1/4.
  • the nozzles should also be aligned at an angle of approx. 5 to 15 ° to the pipe longitudinal axis.
  • the inclination can be dispensed with, but in the area where the jets strike, Surface also an overlap of the circular areas of the application by approx. 1/3 to 1/4 is recommended.
  • DE 195 14 923 C2 describes a method for securing escape and rescue from smoke, heat and pollutants from rooms with long escape routes, in which a water mist with a low exit and propagation speed is generated in the room.
  • the particle density must have the concentration required to bind smoke, heat and pollutants.
  • the particle size of the water mist must be set so that the water particles slowly sink from their point of exit.
  • An optimal droplet diameter at which the mist remains breathable is in the range between 10 and 100 ⁇ m.
  • the particle density determined by the number of water mist nozzles and their volume flows was set to 2 l / m 3 * min -1 in the example given.
  • a corresponding arrangement is shown in DE 100 19 537 AI.
  • the mist-producing outlet devices are attached along spray arches, which are arranged one behind the other over the entire length of the room and / or its escape routes and transversely to the direction of escape, following the clearance profile of the room and / or its escape routes.
  • spray arches which are arranged one behind the other over the entire length of the room and / or its escape routes and transversely to the direction of escape, following the clearance profile of the room and / or its escape routes.
  • increases by Storage of spray particles their volume and weight so that they sink faster. The larger the spray particles become, the more ineffective they become for flue gas cooling and scrubbing.
  • the nozzle arrangement according to the invention with the characterizing features of the main claim has the advantage that the entire effective spray field, regardless of whether it is located in a horizontal or vertical plane, has the homogeneity necessary for effective smoke, heat and pollutant binding
  • the technical implementation of the arrangement according to the invention ie the dimensioning and the determination of the radial and axial
  • the nozzles are deflected according to the requirements of the room in which the flat spray field is to be generated.
  • This consists in arranging several nozzles next to one another in a nebulization module, which, however, due to their different spray angle and their different radial and axial deflection, do not spray in a line-like manner, but spatially and thus from the nebulization module to the desired spray field to a different extent.
  • the axial deflection causes a slight displacement of the spray surfaces, quasi a toothing of the spray surfaces applied to a gap.
  • the individual spray cones begin to touch one another at a certain distance from their outlet openings.
  • the spray angle, throughput and radial and axial deflection are chosen so that this contact lies in one plane, the so-called spray field plane.
  • the above-mentioned prevail in this level. favorable conditions with regard to the homogeneity of the necessary for effective smoke, heat and pollutant binding
  • Spray droplets The different sizes of the spray angles of nozzles arranged next to one another is necessary so that the spray cones do not interfere with one another before this level is reached.
  • the different lengths of travel due to the different radial and axial deflection of the nozzles from the spray droplets to this level are compensated for by correspondingly different spray angles.
  • the smallest spray angle must have those nozzles that supply the spray field in the areas furthest away from the pipe system.
  • all nozzles spray with the same intensity, ie that the same amount is sprayed on per unit area sprayed in one time unit.
  • the angle difference of the radial deflection of adjacent nozzles is 15 ° to 45 °. This area for the radial angle difference between adjacent nozzles has proven to be practical, although these angular differences can vary in size from nozzle to nozzle.
  • hollow cone nozzles are used.
  • the angle difference of the axial deflection of adjacent nozzles between 1 ° and 10 ° has proven to be sufficiently suitable.
  • a cylindrical filter is arranged in the nebulization module or modules. This prevents dirt particles from entering the nozzles and thereby blocking them.
  • the cylindrical design of the filter also prevents the nebulizing module or the entire pipe system from becoming blocked, since it does not hinder their axial direction of passage.
  • Fig. 1 is a nebulization module with four nozzles and Fig. 2 is a schematic representation of the flat spray field generated by the nebulization module shown in Fig. 1.
  • a spray arch installed following the clearance profile of a traffic tunnel
  • such a spray arch has pipe sections rising vertically up to the ceiling of the tunnel, rising slightly below the ceiling, via horizontal to slightly falling pipe sections which also run vertically on the opposite wall and carry a liquid medium.
  • the pipe sections consist of so-called water mist modules that have outlet openings for the medium.
  • the individual water mist modules are connected directly or via short pipe sections.
  • Fig. 1 shows such a water mist module 1 in the horizontal installation position of a spray arc for generating a vertical spray field.
  • a spatial coordinate system xyz is drawn on its right end face, which is intended to identify the position of the water mist module 1 in relation to a traffic tunnel (not shown).
  • x the width extension of the traffic tunnel, to which the longitudinal axis of the water mist module 1 is parallel when the water fog module 1 is arranged horizontally, with y its extension in height and with z its length extension, i.e. the course of the roadway.
  • the water mist module 1 with its outlet openings, has water mist nozzles 2 to 5 directed essentially opposite to the z direction, which are arranged on the water mist module 1 with the radial spray angles ⁇ and axial spray angles ß mentioned in Table 1, the values for the spray angles ⁇ and ß on a horizontal arrangement of the Obtain water mist module 1.
  • the radial spray angle ⁇ in the yz plane and the axial spray angle ß in the xz plane are each measured from the positive z axis.
  • the realization of a vertical, flat spray pattern also includes a special spray angle ⁇ and an adapted volume flow. Both are listed in Table 2 for the present example. This table also lists the characteristics of a vertical planar spray pattern generated with these parameters, in fact only the values of an imaginary plane of the throwing parabola of the water mist emerging from the water mist nozzles 2 to 5, 3.0 m away from the water mist module 1 ,
  • the water mist nozzle 2 generates a water mist cone 6, the water mist nozzle 3 a water mist cone 7, the water mist nozzle 4, a water mist cone 8 and the water mist nozzle 5 a water mist cone 9.
  • the cross-sectional areas of the water mist cones 6 to 9 form in a plane approximately 3.0 m from their exit points from the water mist nozzles 2 to 5, measured in negative z direction, a vertical, flat spray field 10, as can be seen from FIG. 2.
  • the spray diameter of all water mist cones 6 to 9 is the same size at this point and is approximately 1.70 m, which corresponds to a spray area of 2.35 m 2 in each case. This is achieved by the different parameters of the water mist nozzles 2 to 5 mentioned in Table 2.
  • the spray distance i.e. the actual length of the spray cone from its exit point to this level, is shown in column 3 of table 2. So that there are no gaps in the spray field, slight overlaps of the water mist cones 6 to 9 have to be accepted.
  • the volume flow of the water mist nozzles 2 to 5 becomes smaller with a falling spray angle ⁇ . In this example, the volume flow is reduced by half.
  • approx. 42 1 / min of water are required per water mist module 1 in order to achieve a range of 3.00 m with an effective width of 1.50 m.
  • the water module 1 For the generation of a horizontal spray field, the water module 1 is rotated downward about the x-axis by 90 °. The radial or axial position of the water mist nozzles 2 to 5 with respect to one another is retained, but the radial spray angle ⁇ in the above measurement rule is 90 ° greater due to the rotation accepts.
  • the water mist nozzles 2 to 5 used have the same spray angle ⁇ as in the arrangement for the vertical planar spray field, only the volume flow is the same for all water mist nozzles 2 to 5 and is 10.5 1 / min in the present example. If the water mist module 1 thus arranged is placed under water pressure, a horizontal, flat spray field is created which also has spray surfaces of the same size per water mist nozzle 2 to 5 and a constant droplet spectrum and a constant droplet density.
  • water mist modules 1 can also be used in the vertical guidance of spray arches. However, they do not necessarily have to generate even spray fields in this area. Their main function here is to seal the area between the vertical water mist curtain and the side walls of the traffic tunnel so that no smoke and no pollutants can get through here.

Landscapes

  • Nozzles (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to an assembly for producing planar spray fields. According to the invention, the nozzles (2, 3, 4, 5) are located next to one another in at least one atomisation module (1) that forms a conduit section and have different spray angles (8). In addition, said nozzles have different angular positions, both radially to the conduit and in relation to one another, in such a way that each surface-area unit of the spray-field plane always contains an identical quantity of water droplets of approximately the same size.

Description

DUSENANORDNUNG ZUR ERZEUGUNG EBENER SPRUHFELDERNOZZLE ARRANGEMENT FOR GENERATING LEVEL SPRAYING AREAS
Stand der TechnikState of the art
Die Erfindung geht aus von einer Anordnung zur Erzeugung ebener Sprühfelder, wie sie von linear oder flächig angeordneten Sprühdüsen erzeugt werden, nach der Gattung des Hauptanspruches. Dabei werden die Sprühfelder sowohl in horizontaler als auch in vertikaler Ausdehnung für die verschiedensten Anwendungen, wie z. B. Kühlen, Reinigen, Befeuchten, Beregnen u. a., erzeugt. Ein wesentliches Erfordernis von ebenen Sprühfeldern ist eine geschlossene und gleichmäßige Beaufschlagung der Fläche. In einem Katalogblatt des Düsenherstellers Lechler sind Beispiele für Düsenanordnungen gezeigt (Edition 2000, S. 13). Bei einer linearen Anordnung von Flachstrahl- und auch Zungendüsen zur Erzeugung eines horizontalen Sprühfeldes wird ein Düsenabstand empfohlen, der eine Überlappung der Strahlenbreite von 1/3 bis 1/4 gewährleistet. Um eine gegenseitige Störung der Strahlen zu vermeiden, sollten die Düsen außerdem um ca. 5 bis 15° schräg zur Rohrlängsachse ausgerichtet sein. Bei Vollkegel- und Hohlkegeldüsen kann auf die Schrägstellung verzichtet werden, jedoch wird im Bereich des Auftreffens der Strahlen auf die Fläche ebenfalls eine Überlappung der Kreisflächen der Beaufschlagung um ca. 1/3 bis 1/4 empfohlen.The invention is based on an arrangement for generating flat spray fields, such as those produced by linear or flat spray nozzles, according to the preamble of the main claim. The spray fields are in both horizontal and vertical dimensions for a wide variety of applications, such as. B. cooling, cleaning, moistening, sprinkling, etc. generated. An essential requirement of flat spray fields is a closed and even application of the area. Examples of nozzle arrangements are shown in a catalog sheet from the nozzle manufacturer Lechler (Edition 2000, p. 13). In the case of a linear arrangement of flat jet and also tongue nozzles for generating a horizontal spray field, a nozzle spacing is recommended which ensures an overlap of the jet width of 1/3 to 1/4. In order to avoid mutual interference of the jets, the nozzles should also be aligned at an angle of approx. 5 to 15 ° to the pipe longitudinal axis. In the case of full-cone and hollow-cone nozzles, the inclination can be dispensed with, but in the area where the jets strike, Surface also an overlap of the circular areas of the application by approx. 1/3 to 1/4 is recommended.
Die vielseitigen Anwendungsgebiete von Schlickdüsen sind in dem Prospektblatt 08.01 der Firma gezeigt. Auch wenn als ein Anwendungsgebiet der Brandschutz (Bild 11) genannt ist, so wird aus den Darstellungen allerdings deutlich, dass sich diese Düsen in der Regel verhältnismäßig dicht an dem zu beaufschlagenden Objekt befinden, d. h. dass ihr charakteristisches Sprühbild, also Rechteck, Kreisfläche, o. a., beim Auftreffen auf die Fläche weitestgehend noch erhalten ist.The diverse application areas of mud nozzles are shown in the company's brochure 08.01. Even if fire protection is mentioned as an area of application (Figure 11), it is clear from the illustrations that these nozzles are usually relatively close to the object to be acted on, i.e. H. that its characteristic spray pattern, i.e. rectangle, circular area, etc., is largely preserved when it hits the surface.
Bei bestimmten Anwendungen kann jedoch dieser kurze Abstand nicht gewährleistet werden. Das ist immer dann der Fall, wenn der Bereich zwischen Düsen und zu beaufschlagender Fläche ein Durchgangsoder Durchfahrtsbereich ist, was vor allem auf den Brandschutz von Räumen, Gebäuden, Parkhäusern, unteririschen Verkehrsanlagen u. a. zutrifft. Das Problem liegt hier darin, dass die Rohrleitungssysteme, an denen sich die Düsen befinden, im Decken- und Wandbereich der Räume, Gebäude oder Verkehrsanlagen angeordnet sind und die Löschmittelteilchen bis zu der Stelle, an der sie wirksam werden sollen, mitunter mehrere Meter zurücklegen müssen. Beim Austritt des Wassers wird noch ein kegelförmiges Sprühfeld erzeugt. Auf der Strecke bis zum Boden hat es sich jedoch unter dem Einfluss der Schwerkraft in ein vertikales zylindrisches Sprühfeld verändert, das die gewünschte Wirkung nicht mehr oder nur noch unzureichend besitzt. Eine Anwendung von Sprühdüsen zur Tragwerkskühlung im Brandfall ist in der DE 100 30 971 AI beschrieben. Um den hohen Aufwand der Löschwasserversorgung zu reduzieren, müssen die oberhalb des oder am Tragwerk installierten Düsen einen zumindest über die gesamte Tragwerkshöhe, günstiger aber noch bis zum Fuß des Tragwerkes, wirkungsvoll kühlenden Wassernebelschleier gewährleisten .In certain applications, however, this short distance cannot be guaranteed. This is always the case if the area between the nozzles and the area to be acted upon is a passage or passage area, which applies above all to the fire protection of rooms, buildings, parking garages, underground traffic systems, etc. The problem here is that the piping systems on which the nozzles are located are located in the ceiling and wall area of the rooms, buildings or traffic systems and the extinguishing agent particles sometimes have to travel several meters to the point where they are to take effect , When the water emerges, a conical spray field is generated. On the way to the ground, however, it has changed under the influence of gravity into a vertical cylindrical spray field, which no longer has the desired effect or has it only insufficiently. An application of spray nozzles for cooling the structure in the event of a fire is described in DE 100 30 971 AI. In order to reduce the high expenditure of the extinguishing water supply, the nozzles installed above or on the structure must at least be one Ensure effective cooling water mist over the entire structure height, cheaper but still to the base of the structure.
Weitaus komplizierter verhält es sich bei jenen Brandschutzanordnungen, die nicht in erster Linie zur Brandbekämpfung, also zum Löschen von Bränden, sondern zur Reduzierung von Rauch-, Wärme- und Schadstoffbelastung im Fall eines Brandes oder einer Havarie und damit zur Sicherung der Flucht und Rettung aus gefährdeten Räumen, beispielsweise unterirdischen Verkehrsanlagen, vorgesehen sind. In der DE 195 14 923 C2 ist ein Verfahren zur Sicherung der Flucht und Rettung unter Rauch-, Wärme- und Schadstoffbelastung aus Räumen mit langen Fluchtwegen beschrieben, bei dem in dem Raum ein Wassernebel niedriger Austritts- und Ausbreitungsgeschwindigkeit erzeugt wird. Die Teilchendichte muss die für die Rauch-, Wärme- und Schadstoffbindung erforderliche Konzentration besitzen. Die Teilchengröße des Wassernebels muss so eingestellt sein, dass die Wasserteilchen langsam von ihrem Austrittspunkt absinken. Ein optimaler Tröpfchendurchmesser, bei dem der Nebel noch atembar bleibt, liegt im Bereich zwischen 10 und 100 μm. Die durch die Anzahl der Wassernebeldüsen und deren Volumenströme bestimmte Teilchendichte wurde in dem angeführten Beispiel auf 2 1/m3 * min-1 eingestellt. Eine dementsprechende Anordnung ist in der DE 100 19 537 AI gezeigt. Hier sind die Nebel erzeugenden Austrittsvorrichtungen entlang von Sprühbögen befestigt, die über die gesamte Länge des Raumes und/ oder seiner Fluchtwege hintereinander und quer zur Fluchtrichtung, dem Lichtraumprofil des Raumes und /oder seiner Fluchtwege folgend, angeordnet sind. Während des Fallens vergrößert sich allerdings durch Zusammenlagerung von Sprühteilchen ihr Volumen und Gewicht, so dass sie schneller sinken. Je größer die Sprühteilchen werden, desto unwirksamer werden sie für die Rauchgaskühlung und -wasche.It is much more complicated with those fire protection arrangements that are not primarily for fighting fires, i.e. for extinguishing fires, but for reducing smoke, heat and pollutants in the event of a fire or an accident and thus to ensure escape and rescue vulnerable areas, such as underground traffic facilities, are provided. DE 195 14 923 C2 describes a method for securing escape and rescue from smoke, heat and pollutants from rooms with long escape routes, in which a water mist with a low exit and propagation speed is generated in the room. The particle density must have the concentration required to bind smoke, heat and pollutants. The particle size of the water mist must be set so that the water particles slowly sink from their point of exit. An optimal droplet diameter at which the mist remains breathable is in the range between 10 and 100 μm. The particle density determined by the number of water mist nozzles and their volume flows was set to 2 l / m 3 * min -1 in the example given. A corresponding arrangement is shown in DE 100 19 537 AI. Here, the mist-producing outlet devices are attached along spray arches, which are arranged one behind the other over the entire length of the room and / or its escape routes and transversely to the direction of escape, following the clearance profile of the room and / or its escape routes. During the fall, however, increases by Storage of spray particles their volume and weight so that they sink faster. The larger the spray particles become, the more ineffective they become for flue gas cooling and scrubbing.
Die Erfindung und ihre VorteileThe invention and its advantages
Die erfindungsgemäße Düsenanordnung mit den kennzeichnenden Merkmalen des Hauptanspruches hat demgegenüber den Vorteil, dass das gesamte wirksame Sprühfeld, egal ob in horizontaler oder vertikaler Ebene gelegen, die für eine effektive Rauch-, Wärme- und Schadstoffbindung notwendige Homogenität hinsichtlichThe nozzle arrangement according to the invention with the characterizing features of the main claim has the advantage that the entire effective spray field, regardless of whether it is located in a horizontal or vertical plane, has the homogeneity necessary for effective smoke, heat and pollutant binding
Konzentration sowie gleichmäßiger Verteilung derConcentration and even distribution of the
Wassernebeltröpfchen aufweist. Das bedeutet, dass sich pro Flächeneinheit der Sprühfeldebene immer die gleiche Menge an Wassertröpfchen annähernd gleicher Größe befindet. Damit ist es nunmehr auch ausreichend, das Rohrleitungssystem nur in ausgewählten Bereichen der Räume zu installieren, wodurch der Material- und Installationsaufwand wesentlich verringert wird. Durch den Einsatz von Düsen mit geringerem Durchsatz wird darüber hinaus auch Sprühflüssigkeit eingespart. Der Installationsaufwand vor Ort reduziert sich auch dadurch, dass die Anordnung der Düsen in Vernebelungsmodulen vorgefertigt werden kann, die dann vor Ort nur noch zu dem den Erfordernissen des Raumes entsprechenden Rohr system aneinandergereiht werden müssen. Zur Verbindung der einzelnen Vernebelungsmodule sind an sich bekannte Verbindungssysteme verwendbar.Has water mist droplets. This means that there is always the same amount of water droplets of approximately the same size per unit area of the spray field level. It is now sufficient to install the piping system only in selected areas of the room, which significantly reduces the material and installation effort. The use of nozzles with lower throughput also saves spray liquid. The installation effort on site is also reduced by the fact that the arrangement of the nozzles can be prefabricated in nebulization modules, which then only have to be strung together on site to form the pipe system corresponding to the requirements of the room. Connection systems known per se can be used to connect the individual nebulization modules.
Die technische Umsetzung der erfindungsgemäßen Anordnung d. h. die Dimensionierung sowie die Festlegung der radialen und axialen Auslenkung der Düsen erfolgt jeweils nach den Erfordernissen des Raumes, in dem das ebene Sprühfeld erzeugt werden soll. Insofern soll hier nur das Prinzip der Erfindung dargelegt werden. Dieses besteht darin, mehrere Düsen nebeneinander in einem Vernebelungsmodul anzuordnen, die jedoch aufgrund ihres unterschiedlichen Sprühwinkels sowie ihrer unterschiedlichen radialen und axiale Auslenkung nicht linienartig, sondern räumlich und somit von dem Vernebelungsmodul bis zu dem gewünschten Sprühfeld unterschiedlich weit sprühen. Die axiale Auslenkung bewirkt dabei eine leichte Versetzung der Sprühflächen, quasi eine auf Lücke angelegte Verzahnung der Sprühflächen.The technical implementation of the arrangement according to the invention, ie the dimensioning and the determination of the radial and axial The nozzles are deflected according to the requirements of the room in which the flat spray field is to be generated. In this respect, only the principle of the invention is to be presented here. This consists in arranging several nozzles next to one another in a nebulization module, which, however, due to their different spray angle and their different radial and axial deflection, do not spray in a line-like manner, but spatially and thus from the nebulization module to the desired spray field to a different extent. The axial deflection causes a slight displacement of the spray surfaces, quasi a toothing of the spray surfaces applied to a gap.
In einer bestimmten Entfernung von ihren Austrittsöffnungen beginnen sich die einzelnen Sprühkegel untereinander zu berühren. Sprühwinkel, Durchsatz sowie radial und axiale Auslenkung werden so gewählt, dass diese Berührung in einer Ebene, der sog. Sprühfeldebene, liegt. In dieser Ebene herrschen die o. g. günstigen Bedingungen hinsichtlich der für eine effektive Rauch-, Wärme- und Schadstoffbindung notwendigen Homogenität derThe individual spray cones begin to touch one another at a certain distance from their outlet openings. The spray angle, throughput and radial and axial deflection are chosen so that this contact lies in one plane, the so-called spray field plane. The above-mentioned prevail in this level. favorable conditions with regard to the homogeneity of the necessary for effective smoke, heat and pollutant binding
Sprühnebeltröpfchen. Die unterschiedliche Größe der Sprühwinkel nebeneinander angeordneter Düsen ist erforderlich, damit sich die Sprühkegel nicht schon vor Erreichen dieser Ebene gegenseitig behindern. Die aufgrund der unterschiedlichen radialen und axialen Auslenkung der Düsen von den Sprühnebeltröpfchen bis zu dieser Ebene zurückzulegenden unterschiedlich langen Wege werden durch entsprechend unterschiedliche Sprühwinkel ausgeglichen. Den kleinsten Sprühwinkel müssen jene Düsen aufweisen, die das Sprühfeld an den am weitesten von dem Rohrsystem entfernten Bereichen versorgen. Bei der. Erzeugung eines gleichmäßigen horizontalen Sprühfeldes sprühen alle Düsen mit gleicher Intensität, d. h. dass je besprühter Flächeneinheit in einer Zeiteinheit gleiche Mengen aufgesprüht werden.Spray droplets. The different sizes of the spray angles of nozzles arranged next to one another is necessary so that the spray cones do not interfere with one another before this level is reached. The different lengths of travel due to the different radial and axial deflection of the nozzles from the spray droplets to this level are compensated for by correspondingly different spray angles. The smallest spray angle must have those nozzles that supply the spray field in the areas furthest away from the pipe system. In the. Generation of a uniform horizontal spray field, all nozzles spray with the same intensity, ie that the same amount is sprayed on per unit area sprayed in one time unit.
Für die Erzeugung vertikaler Sprühfelder muss als weitere Störgröße die Schwerkraft berücksichtigt werden. Neben der unterschiedlichen radialen und axialen Auslenkung der Düsen sowie ihrer abwechselnd großen und kleinen Austrittswinkel kommt hier noch der Durchsatz als zusätzliche Komponente hinzu. Die den oberen Bereich des vertikalen Sprühfeldes versorgenden Düsen müssen einen weitaus größeren Durchsatz besitzen als die Düsen, die die unteren Bereiche des Sprühfeldes versorgen. Letztere müssen lediglich das kleine Tropfenspektrum ergänzen, was durch Zusammenlagerung von aufeinandergetroffenen Tröpfchen auf dem Weg nach unten verlorengegangen ist.For the generation of vertical spray fields, gravity must be taken into account as a further disturbance variable. In addition to the different radial and axial deflection of the nozzles and their alternating large and small discharge angles, the throughput is also an additional component. The nozzles supplying the upper area of the vertical spray field must have a far greater throughput than the nozzles supplying the lower areas of the spray field. The latter only have to supplement the small drop spectrum, which has been lost due to the accumulation of droplets that have collided on the way down.
Müssen größere Flächen mit Sprühnebel versehen werden, beispielsweise zur Staubbindung in großen Hallen oder Beregnung bzw. Befeuchtung großer Flächen, sind mehrere Vernebelungsmodule mit ein und derselben Düsenanordnung nebeneinander oder auch übereinander anzuordnen. Ihr Abstand ist dann so zu wählen, dass sich die äußeren Sprühkegel in der Sprühebene zumindest gegenseitig berühren. Dabei fügen sich die in der Sprühebene des einen Vernebelungsmoduls leicht versetzt zueinander entstehenden Sprühflächen nahtlos an die in gleicher Weise versetzt entstehenden Sprühflächen des angrenzenden Vernebelungsmoduls an. Nach einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung beträgt die Winkeldifferenz der radialen Auslenkung benachbarter Düsen 15° bis 45°. Dieser Bereich für die radiale Winkeldifferenz benachbarter Düsen hat sich als praktikabel erwiesen, wobei diese Winkeldifferenzen von Düse zu Düse auch unterschiedlich groß sein kann.If larger areas have to be provided with spray mist, for example for binding dust in large halls or for sprinkling or moistening large areas, several nebulization modules with one and the same nozzle arrangement must be arranged next to one another or also one above the other. Their distance should then be selected so that the outer spray cones in the spray plane at least touch each other. In this case, the spray surfaces which are slightly offset from one another in the spray plane of the one atomization module seamlessly join to the spray surfaces of the adjacent atomization module which arise in the same way, offset. According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the angle difference of the radial deflection of adjacent nozzles is 15 ° to 45 °. This area for the radial angle difference between adjacent nozzles has proven to be practical, although these angular differences can vary in size from nozzle to nozzle.
Nach einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung werden Hohlkegeldüsen verwendet.According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, hollow cone nozzles are used.
Nach einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung hat sich die Winkeldifferenz der axialen Auslenkung benachbarter Düsen zwischen 1° und 10° als ausreichend geeignet erwiesen.According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the angle difference of the axial deflection of adjacent nozzles between 1 ° and 10 ° has proven to be sufficiently suitable.
Nach einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist in dem bzw. den Vernebelungsmodulen ein zylindrischer Filter angeordnet. Dieser verhindert den Eintritt von Schmutzpartikeln in die Düsen und dadurch deren Verstopfung. Die zylindrische Gestaltung des Filters verhindert außerdem ein Verstopfen des Vernebelungsmoduls bzw. des gesamten Rohrsystems, da es deren axiale Durchtrittsrichtung nicht behindert.According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, a cylindrical filter is arranged in the nebulization module or modules. This prevents dirt particles from entering the nozzles and thereby blocking them. The cylindrical design of the filter also prevents the nebulizing module or the entire pipe system from becoming blocked, since it does not hinder their axial direction of passage.
Weitere Vorteile und vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind der nachfolgenden Beispielbeschreibung, der Zeichnung und den Ansprüchen entnehmbar.Further advantages and advantageous embodiments of the invention can be found in the following description of the example, the drawing and the claims.
Zeichnungdrawing
Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung ist in den Zeichnungen dargestellt und im Folgenden näher beschrieben. Hierbei zeigenAn embodiment of the invention is shown in the drawings and described in more detail below. Show here
Fig. 1 einen Vernebelungsmodul mit vier Düsen und Fig. 2 eine schematische Darstellung des durch das in Fig. 1 gezeigte Vernebelungsmodul erzeugten ebenen Sprühfeldes.Fig. 1 is a nebulization module with four nozzles and Fig. 2 is a schematic representation of the flat spray field generated by the nebulization module shown in Fig. 1.
Ausgehend von einem dem Lichtraumprofil eines Verkehrstunnels folgend installierten Sprühbogens weist ein derartiger Sprühbogen bis zur Decke des Tunnels senkrecht aufsteigende, unterhalb der Decke leicht ansteigend, über waagerecht bis leicht abfallend verlaufende und auf der gegenüberliegenden Wand ebenfalls senkrecht verlaufende, ein flüssiges Medium führende Rohrabschnitte auf. Im Deckenbereich des Tunnels bestehen die Rohrabschnitte aus sog. Wassernebelmodulen, die Austrittsöffnungen für das Medium aufweisen. Je nach geometrischen Verhältnissen der Räumlichkeit, im vorliegenden Beispiel der Breite und Höhe des Verkehrs tunnels, sind die einzelnen Wassernebelmodule direkt oder über kurze Rohrteile miteinander verbunden. Fig. 1 zeigt einen derartigen Wassernebelmodul 1 in horizontaler Einbaulage eines Sprühbogens zur Erzeugung eines vertikalen Sprühfeldes. An seiner rechten Stirnfläche ist zur Orientierung ein räumliches Koordinatensystem x y z eingezeichnet, das die Lage des Wassernebelmoduls 1 zu einem nicht dargestellten Verkehrstunnel kennzeichnen soll. Mit x wurde die Breitenausdehnung des Verkehrstunnels, zu der bei waagerechter Anordnung des Wassernebelmoduls 1 dessen Längsachse demnach parallel verläuft, mit y seine Ausdehnung in der Höhe und mit z seine Längenausdehnung, also der Verlauf der Fahrbahn gekennzeichnet. Das Wassernebelmodul 1 weist mit ihren Austrittsöffnungen im wesentlichen entgegengesetzt zur z-Richtung gerichtete Wassernebeldüsen 2 bis 5 auf, die mit den in der Tabelle 1 genannten radialen Sprühwinkeln γ und axialen Sprühwinkeln ß an dem Wassernebelmodul 1 angeordnet sind, wobei sich die Werte für die Sprühwinkel γ und ß auf eine waagerechte Anordnung des Wassernebelmoduls 1 beziehen. Dabei wird der radiale Sprühwinkel γ in der y-z-Ebene und der axiale Sprühwinkeln ß in der x-z-Eben jeweils von der positiven z-Achse aus gemessen.Starting from a spray arch installed following the clearance profile of a traffic tunnel, such a spray arch has pipe sections rising vertically up to the ceiling of the tunnel, rising slightly below the ceiling, via horizontal to slightly falling pipe sections which also run vertically on the opposite wall and carry a liquid medium. In the ceiling area of the tunnel, the pipe sections consist of so-called water mist modules that have outlet openings for the medium. Depending on the geometric conditions of the room, in the present example the width and height of the traffic tunnel, the individual water mist modules are connected directly or via short pipe sections. Fig. 1 shows such a water mist module 1 in the horizontal installation position of a spray arc for generating a vertical spray field. For orientation, a spatial coordinate system xyz is drawn on its right end face, which is intended to identify the position of the water mist module 1 in relation to a traffic tunnel (not shown). With x the width extension of the traffic tunnel, to which the longitudinal axis of the water mist module 1 is parallel when the water fog module 1 is arranged horizontally, with y its extension in height and with z its length extension, i.e. the course of the roadway. The water mist module 1, with its outlet openings, has water mist nozzles 2 to 5 directed essentially opposite to the z direction, which are arranged on the water mist module 1 with the radial spray angles γ and axial spray angles ß mentioned in Table 1, the values for the spray angles γ and ß on a horizontal arrangement of the Obtain water mist module 1. The radial spray angle γ in the yz plane and the axial spray angle ß in the xz plane are each measured from the positive z axis.
Zur Realisierung eines vertikalen ebenen Sprühbildes gehören neben der besonderen Ausrichtung der Wassernebeldüsen 2 bis 5 auch ein spezieller Sprühwinkel δ sowie ein angepasster Volumenstrom. Beide sind für das vorliegende Beispiel in der Tabelle 2 aufgeführt. In dieser Tabelle sind darüber hinaus auch die Charakteristika eines mit diesen Parametern erzeugten vertikalen ebenen Sprühbildes aufgelistet, wobei hier tatsächlich nur die Werte einer 3,0 m von dem Wassernebelmodul 1 entfernten gedachten Ebene der Wurfparabel des aus den Wassernebeldüsen 2 bis 5 austretenden Wassernebels angegeben sind.In addition to the special alignment of the water mist nozzles 2 to 5, the realization of a vertical, flat spray pattern also includes a special spray angle δ and an adapted volume flow. Both are listed in Table 2 for the present example. This table also lists the characteristics of a vertical planar spray pattern generated with these parameters, in fact only the values of an imaginary plane of the throwing parabola of the water mist emerging from the water mist nozzles 2 to 5, 3.0 m away from the water mist module 1 ,
Schematisch ist dieser Sachverhalt auch in Fig. 2 dargestellt. Die Wassernebeldüse 2 erzeugt einen Wassernebelkegel 6, die Wassernebeldüse 3 einen Wassernebelkegel 7, die Wassernebeldüse 4, einen Wassernebelkegel 8 und die Wassernebeldüse 5 einen Wassernebelkegel 9. Wird das Wassernebelmodul 1 unter Wasserdruck gesetzt, bilden die Querschnittsflächen der Wassernebelkegel 6 bis 9 in einer ca. 3,0 m von ihren Austrittsstellen aus den Wassernebeldüsen 2 bis 5 entfernt liegenden Ebene, gemessen in negativer z- Richtung, ein vertikales ebenes Sprühfeld 10, wie aus Fig. 2 zu erkennen ist. Der Sprühdurchmesser aller Wassernebelkegel 6 bis 9 ist an dieser Stelle gleich groß und beträgt ca. 1, 70 m, was einer Sprühfläche von jeweils 2,35 m2 entspricht. Dies wird durch die unterschiedlichen in Tabelle 2 genannten Parameter der Wassernebeldüsen 2 bis 5 erreicht. Die Sprühweite, also die tatsächliche Länge des Sprühkegels von seiner Austrittsstelle bis zu dieser Ebene, ist aus Spalte 3 der Tabelle 2 ersichtlich. Damit keine Lücken im Sprühfeld entstehen, müssen geringfügige Überlappungen der Wassernebelkegel 6 bis 9 in Kauf genommen werden. Um im Sprühfeld 10 ein gleichbleibendes Tropfen Spektrum und eine gleichbleibende Tröpfchendichte zu erzeugen, wird der Volumenstrom der Wassernebeldüsen 2 bis 5 mit fallendem Sprühwinkel δ geringer. In diesem Beispiel verringert sich der Volumenstrom jeweils um die Hälfte. Zur Erzeugung eines vertikalen ebenen Sprühfeldes bei Verkehrstunnelhöhen von 5,50 m werden pro Wassernebelmodul 1 ca. 42 1/min Wasser benötigt, um eine Reichweite von 3,00 m bei einer Wirkungsbreite von 1,50 m zu erreichen.This situation is also shown schematically in FIG. 2. The water mist nozzle 2 generates a water mist cone 6, the water mist nozzle 3 a water mist cone 7, the water mist nozzle 4, a water mist cone 8 and the water mist nozzle 5 a water mist cone 9. If the water mist module 1 is placed under water pressure, the cross-sectional areas of the water mist cones 6 to 9 form in a plane approximately 3.0 m from their exit points from the water mist nozzles 2 to 5, measured in negative z direction, a vertical, flat spray field 10, as can be seen from FIG. 2. The spray diameter of all water mist cones 6 to 9 is the same size at this point and is approximately 1.70 m, which corresponds to a spray area of 2.35 m 2 in each case. This is achieved by the different parameters of the water mist nozzles 2 to 5 mentioned in Table 2. The spray distance, i.e. the actual length of the spray cone from its exit point to this level, is shown in column 3 of table 2. So that there are no gaps in the spray field, slight overlaps of the water mist cones 6 to 9 have to be accepted. In order to generate a constant drop of spectrum and a constant droplet density in the spray field 10, the volume flow of the water mist nozzles 2 to 5 becomes smaller with a falling spray angle δ. In this example, the volume flow is reduced by half. To generate a vertical, level spray field at traffic tunnel heights of 5.50 m, approx. 42 1 / min of water are required per water mist module 1 in order to achieve a range of 3.00 m with an effective width of 1.50 m.
Für die Erzeugung eines horizontalen Sprühfeldes wird das Wassermodul 1 um die x-Achse um 90° nach unten gedreht. Die radiale bzw. axiale Stellung der Wassernebeldüsen 2 bis 5 zueinander bleiben erhalten, wobei jedoch der radiale Sprühwinkel γ bei der o. g. Messvorschrift durch die Drehung einen um 90° größeren Wert annimmt. Die verwendeten Wassernebeldüsen 2 bis 5 besitzen die gleichen Sprühwinkel δ wie bei der Anordnung für das vertikale ebene Sprühfeld, lediglich der Volumenstrom ist für alle Wassernebeldüsen 2 bis 5 gleich groß und beträgt im vorliegenden Beispiel 10,5 1/min. Wird nun das so angeordnete Wassernebelmodul 1 unter Wasserdruck gesetzt, entsteht ein horizontales ebenes Sprühfeld, das gleichfalls gleichgroße Sprühflächen je Wassernebeldüse 2 bis 5 und ein gleichbleibendes Tropfenspektrum und eine gleichbleibende Tröpfchendichte aufweist.For the generation of a horizontal spray field, the water module 1 is rotated downward about the x-axis by 90 °. The radial or axial position of the water mist nozzles 2 to 5 with respect to one another is retained, but the radial spray angle γ in the above measurement rule is 90 ° greater due to the rotation accepts. The water mist nozzles 2 to 5 used have the same spray angle δ as in the arrangement for the vertical planar spray field, only the volume flow is the same for all water mist nozzles 2 to 5 and is 10.5 1 / min in the present example. If the water mist module 1 thus arranged is placed under water pressure, a horizontal, flat spray field is created which also has spray surfaces of the same size per water mist nozzle 2 to 5 and a constant droplet spectrum and a constant droplet density.
Selbstverständlich können die Wassernebelmodule 1 auch in der senkrechten Führung von Sprühbögen eingesetzt werden. Allerdings müssen sie in diesem Bereich nicht unbedingt ebene Sprühfelder erzeugen. Ihre Funktion besteht hier im wesentlichen in der Abdichtung des Bereiches zwischen dem vertikalen Wassernebelvorhang und den Seitenwänden des Verkehrstunnels, damit hier kein Rauch und keine Schadstoffe hindurch gelangen können.Of course, the water mist modules 1 can also be used in the vertical guidance of spray arches. However, they do not necessarily have to generate even spray fields in this area. Their main function here is to seal the area between the vertical water mist curtain and the side walls of the traffic tunnel so that no smoke and no pollutants can get through here.
Alle in der Beschreibung, den nachfolgenden Ansprüchen und der Zeichnung dargestellten Merkmale können sowohl einzeln als auch in beliebiger Kombination miteinander erfindungswesentlich sein. All features shown in the description, the following claims and the drawing can be essential to the invention both individually and in any combination with one another.
BezugszahlenlisteLIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS
1 Wassernebelmodul1 water mist module
2 bis 5 Wassernebeldüsen 6 bis 9 Wassernebelkegel 10 Sprühfeld ß axialer Sprühwinkel (Auslenkung der Wassernebeldüse) γ radialer Sprühwinkel (Auslenkung der Wassernebeldüse) δ Sprühwinkel 2 to 5 water mist nozzles 6 to 9 water mist cones 10 spray field ß axial spray angle (deflection of the water mist nozzle) γ radial spray angle (deflection of the water mist nozzle) δ spray angle

Claims

Anordnung zur Erzeugung ebener SprühfelderAnsprüche Arrangement for generating flat spray fields
1. Anordnung zur Erzeugung ebener Sprühfelder mittels an Rohrleitungen nebeneinander angeordneter Düsen, dadurch gekennzeichnet,1. Arrangement for generating flat spray fields by means of nozzles arranged next to one another on pipes, characterized in that
- dass die das ebene Sprühfeld (10) oder Teile eines solchen erzeugenden Düsen (2, 3, 4, 5) in mindestens einem, einen Rohrleitungsabschnitt bildenden Vernebelungsmodul (1) nebeneinander angeordnet sind,- The nozzles (2, 3, 4, 5) which produce the flat spray field (10) or parts of such a nozzle are arranged next to one another in at least one nebulizing module (1) forming a pipe section,
- die Düsen (2, 3, 4, 5) unterschiedliche Sprühwinkel (δ) besitzen,the nozzles (2, 3, 4, 5) have different spray angles (δ),
- die Achsen der Düsen (2, 3, 4, 5) sowohl radial zur Rohrleitung unterschiedliche Auslenkungen (γ) als auch untereinander unterschiedliche axiale Auslenkungen (ß) aufweisen, so dass sich die entstehenden Sprühkegel zumindest in der gewünschten, d. h. von der Rohrleitung in bestimmter Entfernung befindlichen Sprühfeldebene gegenseitig nicht oder nur unwesentlich behindern, wobei- The axes of the nozzles (2, 3, 4, 5) have different deflections (γ) both radially to the pipeline and also different axial deflections (ß) from one another, so that the resulting spray cones are at least in the desired, ie. H. from the pipeline at a certain distance from the spray field level do not hinder each other or only insignificantly, whereby
- - die Düse (4) mit dem kleinsten Sprühwinkel (δ) die größte radiale Auslenkung (γ) und die Düse (3) mit dem größten Sprühwinkel (δ) die kleinste radiale Auslenkung (γ) aufweist,- - The nozzle (4) with the smallest spray angle (δ) the largest radial Deflection (γ) and the nozzle (3) with the largest spray angle (δ) has the smallest radial deflection (γ),
- - die nebeneinander angeordneten Düsen (2, 3, 4, 5) abwechselnd einen großen und einen kleinen Sprühwinkel (δ) aufweisen und- The nozzles (2, 3, 4, 5) arranged side by side alternately have a large and a small spray angle (δ) and
- - die axiale Auslenkung (ß) nebeneinander angeordneter Düsen- - The axial deflection (ß) juxtaposed nozzles
(2, 3, 4, 5) so gewählt ist, dass deren zugehörige Sprühflächen (6, 7, 8, 9) vertikal oder horizontal versetzt zueinander in der Sprühfeldebene (10) entstehen, und somit an allen Stellen des Sprühfeldes (10) nahezu die gleiche Töpfchengröße und Tröpfchendichte vorherrschen.(2, 3, 4, 5) is selected so that its associated spray surfaces (6, 7, 8, 9) arise vertically or horizontally offset from one another in the spray field plane (10), and thus almost at all points of the spray field (10) the same potty size and droplet density prevail.
2. Anordnung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass benachbarte Düsen (2, 3, 4, 5) zur Erzeugung eines horizontalen ebenen Sprühfeldes (10) den gleichen Durchsatz besitzen.2. Arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that adjacent nozzles (2, 3, 4, 5) for generating a horizontal flat spray field (10) have the same throughput.
3. Anordnung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass benachbarte Düsen (2, 3, 4, 5) zur Erzeugung eines vertikalen ebenen Sprühfeldes (10) einen unterschiedlichen Durchsatz besitzen.3. Arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that adjacent nozzles (2, 3, 4, 5) for generating a vertical flat spray field (10) have a different throughput.
4. Anordnung nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Düse (4) mit dem kleinsten Sprühwinkel (δ) den geringsten und die Düse (3) mit dem größten Sprühwinkel (δ) den größten Volumenstrom hat. 4. Arrangement according to claim 3, characterized in that the nozzle (4) with the smallest spray angle (δ) has the smallest and the nozzle (3) with the largest spray angle (δ) has the largest volume flow.
5. Anordnung nach Anspruch 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mehrere Vernebelungsmodule (1) nebeneinander angeordnet sind.5. Arrangement according to claim 1 to 4, characterized in that a plurality of nebulization modules (1) are arranged side by side.
6. Anordnung nach Anspruch 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Winkeldifferenz der radialen Auslenkung (γ) benachbarter Düsen (2, 3, 4, 5) 15° bis 45° beträgt.6. Arrangement according to claim 1 to 5, characterized in that the angular difference of the radial deflection (γ) of adjacent nozzles (2, 3, 4, 5) is 15 ° to 45 °.
7. Anordnung nach Anspruch 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Winkeldifferenz der axialen Auslenkung (ß) benachbarter Düsen (2, 3, 4, 5) 5° bis 15° beträgt.7. Arrangement according to claim 1 to 6, characterized in that the angular difference of the axial deflection (β) of adjacent nozzles (2, 3, 4, 5) is 5 ° to 15 °.
8. Anordnung nach Anspruch 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass als Düsen (2, 3, 4, 5) Hohlkegeldüsen verwendet werden.8. Arrangement according to claim 1 to 7, characterized in that hollow cone nozzles are used as nozzles (2, 3, 4, 5).
9. Anordnung nach Anspruch 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sich in dem Vernebelungsmodul (1) ein zylinderförmiger Filter befindet.9. Arrangement according to claim 1 to 8, characterized in that there is a cylindrical filter in the nebulization module (1).
Hierzu zwei Seiten Zeichnung Two pages of drawing
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