EP1652202B1 - Pressure-operated switch - Google Patents
Pressure-operated switch Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1652202B1 EP1652202B1 EP04741387A EP04741387A EP1652202B1 EP 1652202 B1 EP1652202 B1 EP 1652202B1 EP 04741387 A EP04741387 A EP 04741387A EP 04741387 A EP04741387 A EP 04741387A EP 1652202 B1 EP1652202 B1 EP 1652202B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- pressure
- operated switch
- switch according
- voltage
- actuator
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Not-in-force
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H35/00—Switches operated by change of a physical condition
- H01H35/24—Switches operated by change of fluid pressure, by fluid pressure waves, or by change of fluid flow
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H83/00—Protective switches, e.g. circuit-breaking switches, or protective relays operated by abnormal electrical conditions otherwise than solely by excess current
- H01H83/20—Protective switches, e.g. circuit-breaking switches, or protective relays operated by abnormal electrical conditions otherwise than solely by excess current operated by excess current as well as by some other abnormal electrical condition
- H01H2083/206—Protective switches, e.g. circuit-breaking switches, or protective relays operated by abnormal electrical conditions otherwise than solely by excess current operated by excess current as well as by some other abnormal electrical condition with thermal shunt trip
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
- H01H71/10—Operating or release mechanisms
- H01H71/12—Automatic release mechanisms with or without manual release
- H01H71/123—Automatic release mechanisms with or without manual release using a solid-state trip unit
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a pressure switch according to the preamble of claim 1.
- Such a pressure switch is for example from the DE 43 08 090 C1 is known and is preferably used for the operation of compressors.
- a pressure switch In order to prevent engine damage due to undervoltages, such a pressure switch is equipped with a breaker in the form of an undervoltage release (RU). To prevent engine damage due to overcurrents, the pressure switch is equipped with an overcurrent release.
- RU undervoltage release
- the present invention is therefore based on the object to develop a pressure switch of the generic type so that its functionality is improved with little structural effort.
- monitoring of the state variables decisive for the detection of disturbances and the initiation of protective measures are carried out by a device for voltage and / or phase detection of the input current or by a device for voltage and / or current detection of the load energy current, an evaluation unit connected thereto, and a Switch for triggering the breaker, which are integrated into a unit integrated in the pressure switch.
- the assembly with the necessary components, consisting of a device for voltage and / or current and / or phase detection of the input current, an associated evaluation and a switch for switching on and off the breaker, for example in the form of an undervoltage release (RU ) with switch lock, be pre-assembled.
- RU undervoltage release
- both overvoltage, undervoltage, overcurrent, undercurrents, current / time products eg for the detection of heavy duty
- phase sequence errors eg in case of confusion of Au- ownedleiter by incorrect connection, as well as a phase failure detected.
- the connected evaluation unit compares the actual values determined by the device for voltage and / or current detection with stored desired values. In case of deviations, taking into account predetermined tolerance values, the switch is activated, controlled by the evaluation unit.
- the switch is a semiconductor device.
- the breaker may consist of an actuator based on electromechanical, electromagnetic or electrothermal effects and acting on a switching mechanism.
- the assembly to which the components are summarized according to claim 1 is suitably formed by a board through which a problem-free and quick connection to the outer conductor on the one hand and the breaker, such as the already used undervoltage release is possible.
- the evaluation unit preferably a programmable microcontroller, may be configured to be adjustable for different operating conditions. This includes, for example, the input of different desired values which are adapted to the circumstances.
- the evaluation unit e.g. the programmable microcontroller to control an optical display, for example in the form of an LED, an OLED or a liquid crystal display, which indicates the operating state of the pressure switch or of the unit connected to it.
- an optical display for example in the form of an LED, an OLED or a liquid crystal display, which indicates the operating state of the pressure switch or of the unit connected to it.
- the operating status indicator may also be directly controlled via the actuator, e.g. in the form of the known electromagnetic actuator RU, kinematically encoded, the status display via a suitable display element.
- circuit is preferably not analog as before, but digitally, the intended use of digital technology allows a higher accuracy.
- FIG. 1 shows schematically an open pressure switch, the spring dome 1, a switching chamber unit 2, a force on the spring dome 1, positive or cohesive, preferably attached by gluing unit 3, a spring dome 1, the switching chamber unit 2 and Assembly 3 and a flange 5 bearing base plate 4 has.
- Epoxy includes means for voltage and / or current detection of the input energy stream 6, an electrically connected thereto evaluation unit 7 in the form of a programmable Microcontroller and a switch 8 for activating a breaker 9, preferably formed by an actuator, which form an actuator in functional unit.
- the assembly 3 is connected to the actuator or alternatively to a known undervoltage release.
- the device After just a short time, for example after one second after connection, the device is ready for use.
- the device opens the load circuit and can not be turned on again if the fault persists thereafter.
- an error e.g., undershoot, overvoltage, undercurrent and overcurrent, phase failure and phase error
- a low-voltage coil is briefly attracted or activated, indicating that a faulty voltage is present. This also prevents the device from turning on again. Switching on is only possible again when the setpoint voltage value reaches within a tolerance range and is detected.
- FIGS. 3 to 7C A further exemplary embodiment of a pressure switch according to the invention is shown in FIGS. 3 to 7C, components which are comparable to the first exemplary embodiment being identified by the same reference numeral with a dash.
- the pressure switch comprises a Einschaltknebel 10 on a hood 13 to which a display panel 11 is provided with an LED 11 'and buttons 12 for the operation.
- a cable bushing 14 is arranged for the data and supply exchange.
- the pressure switch comprises a first circuit board 16 and a second circuit board 17, on which a plurality of switching components, for example for Current detection, power supply, a microcontroller, driver blocks, etc. are housed.
- a plurality of switching components for example for Current detection, power supply, a microcontroller, driver blocks, etc. are housed.
- lines 18 are connected, with which a data exchange can take place, for example, for a temperature detection or a shunt trip.
- the boards 16 and 17 may include a frequency-adapted switching power supply, an initial and Ausenseelektronik for current detection, a voltage detection and interfaces for networking.
- a spring dome 1 ' is provided, in which a compression spring 19 and a differential pressure spring 20 are arranged.
- the compression spring 19 can be adjusted via a screw 21 and the differential pressure spring 20 via a screw 22.
- a bimetal actuator 26 which is web-shaped and the switching mechanism 15 can unlatch.
- the web-shaped actuator 26 is accommodated in the end in a slot of a slide 27, which is coupled to a further slide 28. By curvature of the actuator 26, the slider 27 can be moved and thus unlatch the switching mechanism 15.
- actuatable by the actuator 26 mechanism is shown in Figs. 7A to 7C.
- Fig. 7B the operating state of the actuator 26 is shown.
- the actuator 26 is heated to a certain temperature, e.g. 40 to 60 ° C, so that a middle position of the web-shaped actuator 26 is taken. In this middle position, the end portions 29 and 30 of the slide 27 and 28 are approximately at the same height and the latch holds the switch lock 15 in the operating position.
- Fig. 7A the actuator 26 is shown in the cooled position, for example, because the heating of the actuator 26 has failed due to a defect. As a result, the bimetal of the actuator 26 cools and this distorts. Thereby, the slider 27 is moved to the retracted position. The slider 27 is coupled via a roller 31 with the slider 28, so that the slider 28 moves in the extended position and the end portion 30 acts on a pawl for triggering the switching mechanism 15.
- Fig. 7C the actuator 26 is shown in a triggering position due to electrothermal effects.
- the slider 27 moves in the extended position, so that the end portion 29 acts on the pawl to trigger the switching mechanism 15.
- the microcontroller As soon as the pressure switch is connected to the power supply network, the microcontroller, after its initialization, heats the actuator 26 to its operating temperature. Then the actuator 26 releases the switch lock 15 and the switch-on knob 10 can be rotated. In the event of a fault, the actuator 26 then unlatches the switching mechanism 15, which opens the load circuits and disconnects downstream units and devices.
- the pressure switch according to the invention thus subordinate units and devices can be protected against errors due to incorrect connection, incorrect operation, overloads and defects, with unauthorized operating conditions are prevented.
- overcurrent and undercurrent, as well as overvoltage and undervoltage states lead to tripping, with the areas for opening the load circuits can be freely programmed within certain limits.
- Time intervals can also be recorded by means of the microcontroller, in which case operating hours, maintenance intervals, etc. can be displayed. Furthermore, the load status of individual parameters can be output on the display.
- actuator 26 it is also possible to use other elements for triggering the switching mechanism 15, for example plunger anchors, systems based on electrothermal effects, expansion bodies with gases or fluids, or memory metal effect carriers.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Keying Circuit Devices (AREA)
- Driving Mechanisms And Operating Circuits Of Arc-Extinguishing High-Tension Switches (AREA)
- Switches Operated By Changes In Physical Conditions (AREA)
- Braking Systems And Boosters (AREA)
- Breakers (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft einen Druckschalter gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The present invention relates to a pressure switch according to the preamble of claim 1.
Ein derartiger Druckschalter ist beispielsweise aus der
Um Motorschäden aufgrund von Unterspannungen zu verhindern, ist ein solcher Druckschalter mit einem Unterbrecher in Form eines Unterspannungsauslösers (RU) ausgestattet. Um Motorschäden aufgrund von Überströmen zu verhindern, ist der Druckschalter mit einem Überstromauslöser ausgestattet.In order to prevent engine damage due to undervoltages, such a pressure switch is equipped with a breaker in the form of an undervoltage release (RU). To prevent engine damage due to overcurrents, the pressure switch is equipped with an overcurrent release.
Vor allem jedoch bei mobilen Anlagen kann es zu Fehlschaltungen kommen, auf die der Unteranspannungsauslöser nicht reagiert. So besteht beispielsweise die Gefahr, dass bei eingesetzten Verlängerungskabeln die Phasen vertauscht sind, so dass der Motor gegensinnig dreht, mit der Folge, dass die Anlage, wie der genannte Kompressor, zerstört wird.However, especially in mobile systems, it can lead to faulty circuits, to which the lower voltage release does not respond. For example, there is a risk that when used extension cables, the phases are reversed, so that the motor rotates in opposite directions, with the result that the system, such as the compressor, is destroyed.
Bei einem Phasenausfall, der bei dem bekannten Druckschalter ebenfalls nicht erkannt wird, kann es zu einer vollständigen Zerstörung des Motors kommen.In a phase failure, which is also not recognized in the known pressure switch, it can lead to a complete destruction of the engine.
Zwar ist schon versucht worden, diese potentiellen Gefährdungsstellen mit jeweils separaten Maßnahmen zu erkennen und deren Auswirkungen zu verhindern, jedoch war dies bislang nur mit einem erheblichen baulichen Aufwand realisierbar, wozu insbesondere eine umfangreiche Verdrahtung der einzelnen Teile untereinander erforderlich war. Der Einsatz getrennter Schalter zur Erkennung jeweils eines speziellen Fehlers hat sich daher in der Praxis nicht bewährt.Although it has already been attempted to identify these potential hazards with separate measures and to prevent their effects, however, this has hitherto only been possible with a considerable constructional outlay, for which in particular an extensive wiring of the individual parts to each other was required. The use of separate switches for detecting a particular error has therefore not proven in practice.
Alle bislang vorgeschlagenen Maßnahmen sind unter herstellungs-, installations- und gebrauchsbezogenen Gesichtspunkten nicht geeignet, die aufgezeigten Probleme befriedigend zu lösen.All measures proposed so far are not suitable under manufacturing, installation and use-related aspects to solve the problems indicated satisfactorily.
Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen Druckschalter der gattungsgemäßen Art so weiter zu entwickeln, dass seine Funktionsfähigkeit mit geringem baulichen Aufwand verbessert wird.The present invention is therefore based on the object to develop a pressure switch of the generic type so that its functionality is improved with little structural effort.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch einen Druckschalter gelöst, der die Merkmale des Anspruchs 1 aufweist.This object is achieved by a pressure switch, which has the features of claim 1.
Die Überwachung der für eine Erkennung von Störungen maßgeblichen Zustandsgrößen sowie die Einleitung von Schutzmaßnahmen erfolgt erfindungsgemäß durch eine Einrichtung zur Spannungs- und/oder Phasenerkennung des Eingangsstromes oder durch eine Einrichtung zur Spannungs- und/oder Stromerfassung des Lastenergiestroms, einer damit verbundenen Auswerteeinheit, sowie einem Schalter zum Auslösen des Unterbrechers, die zusammengefasst zu einer Baueinheit in dem Druckschalter integriert sind.According to the invention, monitoring of the state variables decisive for the detection of disturbances and the initiation of protective measures are carried out by a device for voltage and / or phase detection of the input current or by a device for voltage and / or current detection of the load energy current, an evaluation unit connected thereto, and a Switch for triggering the breaker, which are integrated into a unit integrated in the pressure switch.
Dabei kann die Baueinheit mit den notwendigen Komponenten, bestehend aus einer Einrichtung zur Spannungs- und/oder Strom- und/oder Phasenerkennung des Eingangsstromes, einer damit verbundenen Auswerteeinheit sowie einem Schalter zum Ein- und Ausschalten des Unterbrechers, beispielsweise in Form eines Unterspannungsauslösers (RU) mit Schaltschloss, vorkonfektioniert sein. Dadurch ist nicht nur eine einfache Montage in dem bekannten Druckschalter möglich, sondern prinzipiell auch dessen Nachrüstung. D. h., in einen vorhandenen, an ein Aggregat angeschlossenen Druckschalter ist die Baueinheit im wesentlichen problemlos einzusetzen, so dass die Funktionssicherheit des Aggregates insgesamt verbessert wird.In this case, the assembly with the necessary components, consisting of a device for voltage and / or current and / or phase detection of the input current, an associated evaluation and a switch for switching on and off the breaker, for example in the form of an undervoltage release (RU ) with switch lock, be pre-assembled. This not only a simple installation in the known pressure switch is possible, but in principle also its retrofitting. D. h., In an existing, connected to an aggregate pressure switch, the assembly is essentially easy to use, so that the reliability of the unit is improved overall.
Mit der Einrichtung zur Spannungs- und/oder Stromerfassung sind sowohl Überspannung, Unterspannung, Überstrom, Unterströme, Strom/Zeitprodukte, z.B. zur Erkennung von Schweranlauf, Phasenfolgefehler, z.B. bei Vertauschung der Au-ßenleiter durch unrichtiges Anschließen, wie auch ein Phasenausfall feststellbar.With the device for voltage and / or current detection, both overvoltage, undervoltage, overcurrent, undercurrents, current / time products, eg for the detection of heavy duty, phase sequence errors, eg in case of confusion of Au-ßenleiter by incorrect connection, as well as a phase failure detected.
Durch die angeschlossene Auswerteeinheit werden die von der Einrichtung zur Spannungs- und/oder Stromerfassung ermittelten Ist-Werte mit gespeicherten Soll-Werten verglichen. Bei Abweichungen, unter Berücksichtigung vorgegebener Toleranzwerte, wird der Schalter, gesteuert durch die Auswerteeinheit, aktiviert. Vorzugsweise handelt es sich bei dem Schalter um einen Halbleiterbaustein.The connected evaluation unit compares the actual values determined by the device for voltage and / or current detection with stored desired values. In case of deviations, taking into account predetermined tolerance values, the switch is activated, controlled by the evaluation unit. Preferably, the switch is a semiconductor device.
Der Unterbrecher kann aus einem Aktor bestehen, der auf elektromechanischen, elektromagnetischen oder elektrothermischen Wirkeffekten basiert und auf ein Schaltschloss einwirkt.The breaker may consist of an actuator based on electromechanical, electromagnetic or electrothermal effects and acting on a switching mechanism.
Die Baueinheit, zu der die Komponenten gemäß dem Anspruch 1 zusammengefasst sind, wird zweckmäßigerweise durch eine Platine gebildet, durch die ein problemloser und schneller Anschluss an die Außenleiter einerseits und den Unterbrecher, wie den bereits eingesetzten Unterspannungsauslöser, möglich ist.The assembly to which the components are summarized according to claim 1 is suitably formed by a board through which a problem-free and quick connection to the outer conductor on the one hand and the breaker, such as the already used undervoltage release is possible.
Die Auswerteeinheit, vorzugsweise ein programmierbarer Mikrocontroller, kann so konfiguriert sein, dass sie für unterschiedliche Betriebsbedingungen einstellbar ist. Hierzu zählt beispielsweise die Eingabe von unterschiedlichen, jeweils den Gegebenheiten angepassten Soll-Werten.The evaluation unit, preferably a programmable microcontroller, may be configured to be adjustable for different operating conditions. This includes, for example, the input of different desired values which are adapted to the circumstances.
Nach einer vorteilhaften Weiterbildung der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, über die Auswerteeinheit, also z.B. den programmierbaren Mikrocontroller, eine optische Anzeige zu steuern, beispielsweise in Form einer LED, einer OLED oder einer Flüssigkristallanzeige, die den Betriebszustand des Druckschalters bzw. des an ihn angeschlossenen Aggregates anzeigt.According to an advantageous development of the invention, it is provided via the evaluation unit, thus e.g. the programmable microcontroller to control an optical display, for example in the form of an LED, an OLED or a liquid crystal display, which indicates the operating state of the pressure switch or of the unit connected to it.
Die Betriebszustandsanzeige kann ebenfalls direkt über das Stellglied, z.B. in Form des bekannten elektromagnetischen Aktors RU, kinematisch kodiert, die Statusanzeige über ein geeignetes Anzeigeelement erfolgen.The operating status indicator may also be directly controlled via the actuator, e.g. in the form of the known electromagnetic actuator RU, kinematically encoded, the status display via a suitable display element.
Im übrigen erfolgt die Schaltung vorzugsweise nicht analog wie bisher, sondern digital, wobei der vorgesehene Einsatz von Digitaltechnik eine höhere Genauigkeit ermöglicht.Moreover, the circuit is preferably not analog as before, but digitally, the intended use of digital technology allows a higher accuracy.
Weitere vorteilhafte Ausbildungen der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen gekennzeichnet. In den Figuren zeigen:
- Fig. 1
- eine perspektivische Ansicht eines erfindungsgemäßen Druckschalters ohne Gehäuse;
- Fig. 2
- ein Schaltbild des Druckschalters der Fig. 1;
- Fig. 3
- eine perspektivische Ansicht eines erfindungsgemäßen Druckschalters mit Gehäuse nach einem zweiten Ausführungsbeispiel;
- Fig. 4
- eine perspektivische Ansicht des Druckschalters der Fig. 3 ohne Gehäuse;
- Fig. 5
- eine perspektivische Ansicht des Druckschalters der Fig. 4 ohne Druckfedereinheit und Gehäuse;
- Fig. 6
- eine perspektivische Ansicht des Druckschalters der Fig. 5 aus einem anderen Blickwinkel; und
- Fig. 7A bis 7C
- perspektivische Ansichten der Aktormechanik des Druckschalters in verschiedenen Positionen.
- Fig. 1
- a perspective view of a pressure switch according to the invention without housing;
- Fig. 2
- a circuit diagram of the pressure switch of FIG. 1;
- Fig. 3
- a perspective view of a pressure switch according to the invention with housing according to a second embodiment;
- Fig. 4
- a perspective view of the pressure switch of Figure 3 without housing.
- Fig. 5
- a perspective view of the pressure switch of Figure 4 without compression spring unit and housing.
- Fig. 6
- a perspective view of the pressure switch of Figure 5 from a different angle. and
- Figs. 7A to 7C
- perspective views of the actuator mechanism of the pressure switch in different positions.
In der Figur 1 ist schematisch ein geöffneter Druckschalter dargestellt, der einen Federdom 1, eine Schaltkammereinheit 2, eine an dem Federdom 1 kraft-, form- oder stoffschlüssig, vorzugsweise durch Verkleben angebrachte Baueinheit 3, eine den Federdom 1, die Schaltkammereinheit 2 und die Baueinheit 3 sowie einen Flansch 5 tragende Grundplatte 4 aufweist.1 shows schematically an open pressure switch, the spring dome 1, a
Die Baueinheit 3 in Form einer Platine, die als Berührungsschutz mit einer isolierenden Schutzschicht bspw. einer Epoxydschicht überzogen ist, beinhaltet eine Einrichtung zur Spannungs- und/oder Stromerfassung des Eingangsenergiestromes 6, eine damit elektrisch verbundene Auswerteeinheit 7 in Form eines programmierbaren Mikrocontrollers sowie einen Schalter 8 zum Aktivieren eines Unterbrechers 9, vorzugsweise gebildet durch einen Aktor, die in Funktionseinheit ein Stellglied bilden.The
Die Baueinheit 3 wird an den Aktor oder alternativ an einen an sich bekannten Unterspannungsauslöser angeschlossen.The
Bereits nach kurzer Zeit, beispielsweise nach einer Sekunde nach dem Anschluss ist das Gerät betriebsbereit.After just a short time, for example after one second after connection, the device is ready for use.
Falls ein Fehler (z.B. Unter-, Überspannung, Unter- und Überstrom, Phasenausfall und Phasenfehler) durch die Auswerteeinheit 7 erkannt wird, öffnet das Gerät den Lastkreis und lässt sich bei Fortbestehen des Fehlers danach nicht wieder einschalten.If an error (e.g., undershoot, overvoltage, undercurrent and overcurrent, phase failure and phase error) is detected by the evaluation unit 7, the device opens the load circuit and can not be turned on again if the fault persists thereafter.
Nach einer Ausgestaltung wird bei einer Unterschreitung einer in der Auswerteeinheit 7 gespeicherten Soll-Spannung der an L2 oder L3 anliegenden Ist-Spannung, eine Unterspannungsspule kurzzeitig angezogen bzw. aktiviert, wodurch angezeigt wird, dass eine fehlerhafte Spannung ansteht. Auch hierdurch lässt sich das Gerät nicht wieder einschalten. Ein Einschalten ist erst wieder möglich, wenn der Soll-Spannungswert innerhalb eines Toleranzbereiches reicht und erkannt wird.According to one embodiment, when the actual voltage stored at L2 or L3 is undershooting a setpoint voltage stored in the evaluation unit 7, a low-voltage coil is briefly attracted or activated, indicating that a faulty voltage is present. This also prevents the device from turning on again. Switching on is only possible again when the setpoint voltage value reaches within a tolerance range and is detected.
In den Fig. 3 bis 7C ist ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel eines erfindungsgemäßen Druckschalters dargestellt, wobei mit dem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel vergleichbare Bauteile mit dem gleichen Bezugszeichen mit einem Strich gekennzeichnet sind. Der Druckschalter umfasst einen Einschaltknebel 10 an einer Haube 13, an der ein Anzeigefeld 11 mit einer LED 11' und Tasten 12 für die Bedienung vorgesehen ist. Gegenüberliegend zu dem Einschaltknebel 10 ist eine Kabeldurchführung 14 für den Daten- und Versorgungsaustausch angeordnet.A further exemplary embodiment of a pressure switch according to the invention is shown in FIGS. 3 to 7C, components which are comparable to the first exemplary embodiment being identified by the same reference numeral with a dash. The pressure switch comprises a
Wie in Fig. 4 zu sehen ist, befindet sich unterhalb der Haube 13 ein Schaltschloss 15, das als Energiespeicher wirkt und für ein Schnelles Öffnen durch ein Entklinken auslösbar ist. Der Druckschalter umfasst eine erste Platine 16 und eine zweite Platine 17, auf denen eine Vielzahl von Schaltkomponenten, beispielsweise zur Stromerfassung, zur Spannungsversorgung, einen Mikrokontroller, Treiberbausteine etc. untergebracht sind. An der Platine 16 sind Leitungen 18 angeschlossen, mit denen ein Datenaustausch stattfinden kann, beispielsweise für eine Temperaturerfassung oder eine Arbeitsstromauslösung. Die Platinen 16 und 17 können ein frequenzadaptiertes Schaltnetzteil, eine Initial- und Auswerteelektronik für die Stromerfassung, eine Spannungserfassung sowie Schnittstellen für eine Vernetzung umfassen.As can be seen in Fig. 4, located below the
Ferner ist ein Federdom 1' vorgesehen, in dem eine Druckfeder 19 sowie eine Differenzdruckfeder 20 angeordnet sind. Die Druckfeder 19 lässt sich dabei über eine Schraube 21 und die Differenzdruckfeder 20 über eine Schraube 22 einstellen.Further, a spring dome 1 'is provided, in which a
In den Fig. 5 und 6 lässt sich ein aus einem Bimetall gebildeter Aktor 26 erkennen, der stegförmig ausgebildet ist und das Schaltschloss 15 entklinken kann. Hierfür ist der stegförmige Aktor 26 endseitig in einem Schlitz eines Schiebers 27 aufgenommen, aufgenommen, der mit einem weiteren Schieber 28 gekoppelt ist. Durch Krümmung des Aktors 26 lässt sich der Schieber 27 bewegen und somit das Schaltschloss 15 entklinken.5 and 6, an educated from a
Die durch den Aktor 26 betätigbare Mechanik ist in den Fig. 7A bis 7C dargestellt.The actuatable by the
In Fig. 7B ist der Betriebszustand des Aktors 26 gezeigt. Der Aktor 26 wird auf eine bestimmte Temperatur beheizt, z.B. 40 bis 60 °C, so dass eine mittlere Position des stegförmigen Aktors 26 eingenommen wird. In dieser mittleren Position liegen die Endabschnitte 29 und 30 der Schieber 27 und 28 etwa auf derselben Höhe und die Klinke hält das Schaltschloss 15 in der Betriebsposition.In Fig. 7B, the operating state of the
In Fig. 7A ist der Aktor 26 in der abgekühlten Position gezeigt, beispielsweise weil die Beheizung des Aktors 26 aufgrund eines Defektes ausgefallen ist. Dadurch kühlt sich das Bimetall des Aktors 26 ab und dieser entkrümmt sich. Dadurch wird der Schieber 27 in die zurückgezogene Position bewegt. Der Schieber 27 ist über eine Rolle 31 mit dem Schieber 28 gekoppelt, so dass sich der Schieber 28 in die ausgefahrene Position bewegt und der Endabschnitt 30 auf eine Klinke zur Auslösung des Schaltschlosses 15 einwirkt.In Fig. 7A, the
In Fig. 7C ist der Aktor 26 in einer auslösenden Stellung aufgrund elektrothermischer Effekte gezeigt. Durch Erwärmung und Krümmung des Aktors 26 bewegt sich der Schieber 27 in die ausgefahrene Position, so dass der Endabschnitt 29 auf die Klinke zu Auslösung des Schaltschlosses 15 einwirkt.In Fig. 7C, the
Sobald der Druckschalter an das Energieversorgungsnetz angeschlossen wird, sorgt der Mikrokontroller nach seiner Initialisierung für eine Beheizung des Aktors 26 auf seine Betriebstemperatur. Dann gibt der Aktor 26 das Schaltschloss 15 frei und der Einschaltknebel 10 kann gedreht werden. Im Fehlerfall entklinkt dann der Aktor 26 das Schaltschloss 15, welches die Laststromkreise öffnet und nachgeordnete Aggregate und Geräte spannungsfrei schaltet.As soon as the pressure switch is connected to the power supply network, the microcontroller, after its initialization, heats the
Durch den erfindungsgemäßen Druckschalter können somit nachgeordnete Aggregate und Geräte gegen Fehler durch falsches Anschließen, Fehlbedienung, Überlasten sowie Defekt geschützt werden, wobei unerlaubte Betriebszustände unterbunden werden. Dabei können Überstrom- und Unterstrom-, sowie Überspannung- und Unterspannung-Zustände zu einem Auslösen führen, wobei die Bereiche für das Öffnen der Lastkreise in gewissen Grenzen frei programmiert werden können.The pressure switch according to the invention thus subordinate units and devices can be protected against errors due to incorrect connection, incorrect operation, overloads and defects, with unauthorized operating conditions are prevented. In this case, overcurrent and undercurrent, as well as overvoltage and undervoltage states lead to tripping, with the areas for opening the load circuits can be freely programmed within certain limits.
Mittels dem Mikrokontroller können auch Zeitintervalle erfasst werden, wobei dann Betriebsstunden, Wartungsintervalle etc angezeigt werden können. Ferner kann der Belastungszustand einzelner Parameter an der Anzeige ausgegeben werden.Time intervals can also be recorded by means of the microcontroller, in which case operating hours, maintenance intervals, etc. can be displayed. Furthermore, the load status of individual parameters can be output on the display.
Statt dem gezeigten Aktor 26 können auch andere Elemente zur Auslösung des Schaltschlosses 15 eingesetzt werden, beispielsweise Tauchanker, Systeme basierend auf elektrothermischen Effekten, Dehnkörper mit Gasen oder Fluiden oder Memory-Metall-Effektträger.Instead of the
- 11
- Federdomspring dome
- 22
- SchaltkammereinheitInterrupter unit
- 33
- Baueinheitunit
- 44
- Grundplattebaseplate
- 55
- Flanschflange
- 66
- Eingangsstrominput current
- 77
- Auswerteeinheitevaluation
- 88th
- Schalterswitch
- 99
- Unterbrecherbreaker
- 1010
- EinschaltknebelEinschaltknebel
- 1111
- Anzeigedisplay
- 1212
- TastenKeys
- 1313
- HaubeHood
- 1414
- KabeldurchführungGrommet
- 1515
- Schaltschlossswitch lock
- 1616
- Platinecircuit board
- 1717
- Platinecircuit board
- 1818
- Leitungencables
- 1919
- Druckfedercompression spring
- 2020
- DifferenzdruckfederDifferential pressure spring
- 2121
- Schraubescrew
- 2222
- Schraubescrew
- 2626
- Aktoractuator
- 2727
- Schieberpusher
- 2828
- Schieberpusher
- 2929
- Endabschnittend
- 3030
- Endabschnittend
- 3131
- Rollerole
Claims (21)
- Pressure-operated switch for switching a connected assembly on and off, having a spring dome (1), which contains a mechanical switching mechanism, and an interrupter (9), which is operatively connected to said spring dome (1), characterized by a modular unit (3) comprising a device (6) for identifying the voltage and/or phase of the input current or a device for detecting the voltage and/or current of the load energy current, an evaluation unit (7) connected thereto and a switch (8) for tripping the interrupter (9).
- Pressure-operated switch according to Claim 1, characterized in that the evaluation unit (7) comprises a programmable microcontroller.
- Pressure-operated switch according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that desired values with respect to the input voltage and the phase sequence are stored in the evaluation unit (7).
- Pressure-operated switch according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the switch (8) is formed from a semiconductor module.
- Pressure-operated switch according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the interrupter (9) is in the form of an actuator (26) which is based on electromechanical, electromagnetic or electrothermal effects.
- Pressure-operated switch according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the switch (8) and the interrupter (9) as one functional unit form an actuating element.
- Pressure-operated switch according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the modular unit (3) is formed by a printed circuit board (16, 17).
- Pressure-operated switch according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the modular unit (3) or the printed circuit board (16, 17) is fastened to the spring dome (1) in a force-fitting, interlocking or cohesive manner, for example by means of adhesive bonding.
- Pressure-operated switch according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the printed circuit board is coated with an epoxy layer.
- Pressure-operated switch according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the desired values can be varied in the evaluation unit (7).
- Pressure-operated switch according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a visual indicator is connected to the evaluation unit (7) and can be used to identify the operational readiness of the pressure-operated switch.
- Pressure-operated switch according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that an indicator, preferably in the form of a display, is connected to the interrupter (9).
- Pressure-operated switch according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a heatable actuator (26) is provided by means of which a switching latch (15) can be tripped.
- Pressure-operated switch according to Claim 13, characterized in that the actuator (26) is in the form of a bimetallic strip, in that the switching latch (15) is tripped both in the case of a rise in temperature and in the case of a drop in temperature.
- Pressure-operated switch according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the current in the outer conductors of the load is measured and, in the event of critical variables being exceeded or undershot, trips the switching latch and therefore switches the downstream devices to be voltage-free.
- Pressure-operated switch according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that reconnection in the event of a continuing fault is not possible.
- Pressure-operated switch according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that operating hours, maintenance intervals and switching cycles can be detected, stored and output.
- Pressure-operated switch according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the switch switches downstream devices to be voltage-free in the event of the presence of external signals, such as those owing to temperature pickups or potential-free thermal switches.
- Pressure-operated switch according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the switch functions in the tristate operating mode, i.e. switches downstream devices to be voltage-free with a time delay even in the event of the occurrence of faults which lead to failure of the control.
- Pressure-operated switch according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the switch has an indicator for the type of fault which has occurred.
- Pressure-operated switch according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the power factor is determined from the phase angle of the current and voltage and, in the event of preprogrammed values being reached, opens the load circuit via the release.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10336439A DE10336439A1 (en) | 2003-08-08 | 2003-08-08 | pressure switch |
PCT/EP2004/008888 WO2005015593A1 (en) | 2003-08-08 | 2004-08-09 | Pressure-operated switch |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1652202A1 EP1652202A1 (en) | 2006-05-03 |
EP1652202B1 true EP1652202B1 (en) | 2007-08-01 |
Family
ID=34129515
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP04741387A Not-in-force EP1652202B1 (en) | 2003-08-08 | 2004-08-09 | Pressure-operated switch |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1652202B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE368933T1 (en) |
DE (2) | DE10336439A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2005015593A1 (en) |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE4308090C1 (en) * | 1993-03-13 | 1994-06-30 | Condor Werke Gebr Frede Gmbh & | Electric pressure switch for compressor unit motor protection |
US5552646A (en) * | 1994-11-01 | 1996-09-03 | Condor Werke-Gebruder Frede Gmbh & Co Kg | Compact control and monitoring switch |
US6472882B1 (en) * | 2000-10-23 | 2002-10-29 | General Electric Company | Fail-safe electronic circuit breaker |
-
2003
- 2003-08-08 DE DE10336439A patent/DE10336439A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2004
- 2004-08-09 DE DE502004004523T patent/DE502004004523D1/en active Active
- 2004-08-09 EP EP04741387A patent/EP1652202B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2004-08-09 AT AT04741387T patent/ATE368933T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2004-08-09 WO PCT/EP2004/008888 patent/WO2005015593A1/en active IP Right Grant
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE10336439A1 (en) | 2005-03-10 |
WO2005015593A1 (en) | 2005-02-17 |
DE502004004523D1 (en) | 2007-09-13 |
EP1652202A1 (en) | 2006-05-03 |
ATE368933T1 (en) | 2007-08-15 |
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