EP1651840B1 - Vorrichtung zur bildung einer verbindung zwischen meeresgrund und oberfläche, mit biegsamer dichtung zwischen einem steigrohr und einem schwimmer - Google Patents

Vorrichtung zur bildung einer verbindung zwischen meeresgrund und oberfläche, mit biegsamer dichtung zwischen einem steigrohr und einem schwimmer Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1651840B1
EP1651840B1 EP04767764.6A EP04767764A EP1651840B1 EP 1651840 B1 EP1651840 B1 EP 1651840B1 EP 04767764 A EP04767764 A EP 04767764A EP 1651840 B1 EP1651840 B1 EP 1651840B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
revolution
riser
float
flange
forged
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EP04767764.6A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1651840A1 (de
Inventor
Yves Stassens
Michael Gassert
Olivier Moog
Alain Skraber
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Saipem SA
Techlam SAS
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Saipem SA
Techlam SAS
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Publication of EP1651840A1 publication Critical patent/EP1651840A1/de
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B17/00—Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings
    • E21B17/01—Risers
    • E21B17/012—Risers with buoyancy elements

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the known field of bottom-surface bonds of the type comprising a vertical underwater pipe, called riser, connecting the seabed to the surface, preferably to a floating support installed on the surface.
  • This floating support generally comprises anchoring means to remain in position despite the effects of currents, winds and waves. It also generally comprises oil storage and processing means as well as means of unloading to picking tankers.
  • the name of these floating supports is the Anglo-Saxon term “Floating Production Storage Offloading” (meaning “floating means of storage, production and unloading”) abbreviated as "FPSO”.
  • FPSO Floating Production Storage Offloading
  • Numerous variants have been developed such as SPARS, long floating cigars held in position by catenary anchors, or TLPs, platforms with tight anchor lines, said lines being generally vertical.
  • the wellheads are often distributed over the entire field and the production lines, as well as the water injection lines and the control cables, are placed on the seabed in the direction of a fixed location. where the floating support is positioned on the surface.
  • the wellhead equipped with its "Christmas tree" can be installed on the surface, on board the floating support. We can then perform, from a derrick installed on the support floating, all drilling operations, production and well maintenance throughout the life of said well. This is called the dry wellhead.
  • an upward pull may be applied which may be applied either by a cable tensioning system using winches or hydraulic cylinders installed on the floating support, either with floats distributed along the riser and installed at various depths, or by a combination of both.
  • the riser is tensioned by these floats and is guided, preferably at the floating support, by roller guides located in a plane, preferably single, for maintaining and guiding a riser relative to the support floating.
  • Tensioning means with cables acting as a guide can be used.
  • a guide device for a riser provided with head floats comprising wheels for vertical sliding of the riser, as well as its rotation about a horizontal axis and guiding its horizontal displacements, so that the horizontal translation movements of the riser follow substantially those of the floating support.
  • an improved guiding device comprising rollers and friction pads arranged radially around the pipe. This device for holding and guiding the immersed part at the surface of a vertical riser, in particular within a drilling bay, makes it possible to minimize the reaction forces between said riser and the integral support structure of the barge.
  • various guiding systems involving cable tensioning are known.
  • the underwater pipe then consists of a riser comprising an underwater pipe joined to at least one float comprising a coaxial can surrounding said pipe and traversed by said pipe.
  • the floats concerned are large with a diameter greater than 5m, and a length of 10 to 20m and have buoyancy up to 100 tonnes, and they are generally arranged in a string below one another.
  • the float and the conduct are subject to the effects of the swell, the current, but being connected to the FPSO on the surface, are also indirectly subjected to the effects of the wind.
  • the curvatures taken by the riser create extremely important bending moments in the zone of change of inertia consisting in the connection between the riser and the float.
  • the floats are generally circular and are installed around the riser and coaxially with the latter.
  • the floats are generally attached to the riser so that the riser-float connection ensures the sealing of said float and can confine the filling gas.
  • the commonly used solution is to embed by welding, partly high as in the lower part, the float to riser. Multiple reinforcements are added to ensure the strength of the whole.
  • buoyancy systems make it possible to reduce the tensioning system located on board the floating support and they are generally distributed over a great height of the water section, moreover they have a reduced buoyancy of a few hundred kg, or even a ton or two.
  • junctions are located in the upper part of the float, the lower part of the float being generally open.
  • Such devices can transfer loads corresponding to the lightening of a limited length of pipe, but they are not suitable for floats intended to support, only without the addition of additional tensioning systems integral with the floating support, a very long riser length , for example 500 to 1000 m or more, as encountered on oil fields at sea at great depth, that is to say in particular beyond 1000 m.
  • the buoyancy necessary to ensure tensioning exclusively by floats requires transferring considerable forces vertically and transversely, said vertical forces applied to the top of riser can reach several hundred tons, including 300 to 500 tons.
  • This junction means (riser-float) is simple, flexible and mechanically reliable and reduces the phenomena of fatigue and wear due to stresses acting at the junction subjected to loads of several hundred tons.
  • the patent WO-2001-04454 of the applicant describes a string of floats surrounding a vertical riser, said floats being equipped at at least one of its ends with a flexible seal comprising laminated stops allowing, while ensuring the sealing and the transfer of charges, decoupling the inertias from the structure of said float and said riser, such that there is almost no more stress accumulation zone in the transition zone between said float and said riser, thereby reducing the complexity the connection structure as well as its own weight, thereby improving considerably the performance of the float, ie its own buoyancy in relation to its own weight.
  • the current acts on the total height of the riser, from the seabed to the surface level, but the swell acts only in an area close to the surface and decreases in a substantially exponential way to become almost zero towards 80 -120m deep.
  • the upper floats are subject to considerable efforts, both lateral and vertical, because the effects of swell are very important in areas close to the surface, while the lower floats are much less stressed.
  • the unit dimensions of the floats are limited because they must be able to be handled on board the barge, then introduced into the derrick to be lowered in the drilling bay.
  • the weight of the riser is such that a high number of floats is required, for example 4 or 5 floats representing an overall buoyancy of 400 to 500 tonnes and extending over a height of about 100 m.
  • Each of these floats must be equipped with laminated stops so as to transfer a minimum of stresses to the vertical riser, which is a very critical element of the bottom-surface connection, because it must not only withstand very high tensions, but also withstand the burst pressure created by the transported fluid, as well as the implosion pressure created by the seawater.
  • the aim is therefore to minimize the number of floats, but when they become large, the transition zone between the lower end of the float and the riser concentrates considerable horizontal thrust forces which require reinforcement of said riser by a piece Transition consisting of a conical forged piece of great length, very difficult to manufacture and therefore very expensive, because usually made of a metal with very high performance, such as titanium.
  • a piece Transition consisting of a conical forged piece of great length, very difficult to manufacture and therefore very expensive, because usually made of a metal with very high performance, such as titanium.
  • the entire riser behaves like a rope stretched between the bottom of the sea and the point located at the axis of the guide system at the floating support with vibratory phenomena like guitar-pendulum.
  • the water moving in the water section creates drag effects on the structure of the riser and its floats, thus generating significant forces of variable direction, as well as vibratory created by swirling jolts of moving water particles.
  • the patent is known WO-2001-53651 of the applicant which describes a stabilizer device of a bottom-surface connection of the riser type tensioned by a float, said stretched riser being guided at a surface support, preferably in a single plane.
  • This so-called stabilization device makes it possible to avoid the appearance of vibratory phenomena of the guitar-pendulum type, thus avoiding the accumulations of localized fatigue of the steel usually encountered in the transition zone between the lower float and the riser portion. located just below said float, said fatigue phenomena leading rapidly to cracking and then to a rupture of the installation.
  • This said stabilizing device does not however prevent the use of these reinforced transition parts, usually forged and conical shaped steel or titanium, the latter being particularly effective in terms of strength and fatigue, but particularly expensive because material cost and complexity of realization.
  • the object of the present invention is therefore to provide a new type of junction between a riser and a float which improves the fatigue behavior at the level of the most stressed zone at the lower end of the float by reducing the probability of occurrence. of a phenomenon of destruction of the riser and / or the means of junction at this level.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a new type of junction between a riser and a float that is simple to implement when laying a bottom-surface connection device.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a new type of junction between a riser and a float which allows avoid the use of a reinforced transition piece in the area between the lower end of the float and the portion of the riser just below.
  • Another object of the present invention is the realization of the buoyancy of a bottom-surface connection device from a single float.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a new type of junction between a riser and a float which makes it possible to be able to control the possible cracks and therefore the loss of tightness at the level of the riser in said junction zone and / or at the level of the riser. junction means themselves.
  • surface of revolution of ellipsoidal, parabolic or hyperbolic section shape a respective ellipsoidal, parabolic or hyperbolic surface of revolution delimited by two section planes parallel and perpendicular to said axis of revolution ZZ '.
  • the articulated connection according to the present invention allows rotations with a self-centering effect. It follows that, in total, the stresses as well as the deformations generated at said laminated stops and said forgings, are minimized and allow to maintain or restore in substantially coaxial position, the upper and lower parts of said riser.
  • the connecting device according to the invention is able to ensure the junction between the riser and a single large tensioning float and this, reliably, while the devices of junction described in WO / 2001-04454 , were only suitable to ensure the junction between small floats arranged in rosary.
  • said upper and lower surfaces of said first and second flanges of revolution and said second forged part are annular flat surfaces or surfaces of revolution, and all of said first and second forged parts and said first, as appropriate, second flange and all of said planar or annular planar surfaces have the same axis of symmetry or revolution ZZ 'in the rest position.
  • said second forged part of revolution comprises in its lower part a second external surface of revolution of frustoconical shape or preferably of ellipsoidal sectional shape, and said second external surface of revolution is located opposite and co-operates elastically and sealingly with a second internal surface of revolution of frustoconical shape or of ellipsoidal sectional shape respectively, said second internal surface being located in the upper part of said second forged part, and said second inner surface being connected to said second outer surface via a second laminated abutment of revolution consisting of a plurality of layers of elastomer sandwiched between rigid reinforcements sheets including frustoconical shape steel or shape respectively of ellipsoidal section adhered to said second outer surface and second inner surface.
  • the set of said first abutment and, where appropriate, the second abutment of revolution called the first external surface of the first forged part, called the first internal surface of the first flange and, where appropriate, said second surface.
  • external of revolution of the second forged part and said second internal surface of revolution of the first forged part are of frustoconical shape of the same said axis of revolution ZZ 'and whose angle at the top ⁇ is 30 to 80 °, preferably of 40 to 70 °, the apices of the various frustoconical surfaces being located below said frustoconical surfaces, and the various frustoconical surfaces having either the same angle at the vertex ⁇ , or the same vertex C.
  • said truncated cones are flared in their upper part and said truncated cones converge substantially at a single point C, in which case they have an angle at the vertex ⁇ that varies from one cone to the other, namely their apex angle is constant, their vertices then being distributed substantially along said axis of revolution ZZ '.
  • the set of said first abutment and, where appropriate, the second abutment of revolution, called the first external surface of the first forged part, referred to as the first internal surface of the first flange and, where appropriate, said second outer surface of revolution of the second forged part and said second internal surface of revolution of the first forging part are of section form ellipsoidal, preferably of spherical section, all substantially centered on the same point O located above said surfaces on said axis of revolution ZZ '.
  • the connecting device according to the present invention is particularly easy to set up during the installation of the device. bottom-surface bond.
  • the junction device according to the present invention provides a particularly effective sealed flexible joint, because during movements due to the swell and the currents of the float associated with the riser 1, the articulated connection between the float and the riser allows rotations while keeping the bottom of the riser in tension.
  • the form according to the invention preferably spherical of said first laminated abutment has a self-centering effect and the entire tensioning force created by the float which may exceed 500 tons, is transferred to the riser uniformly distributed, by simple deformation.
  • the connection device takes an angle ⁇ , the deformations of the laminated stops remain substantially uniform and the stresses generated within the various elements of the laminated abutment also remain substantially uniform.
  • said angle ⁇ resulting from the deformation of the laminated abutment is between 0 and 5 °.
  • Said second laminated abutment completes the self centering and load-taking effect of said first laminated abutment while also completing the primary sealing role, so that in an advantageous embodiment, said first and second forged parts and said first flange defines a first internal chamber which preferably cooperates with pressure control means within said chamber.
  • said first chamber is delimited by the upper part of said first forged part and by the free portions of said lower revolution surfaces of said second forged part, called the first inner surface of revolution of said first flange, and said second surface of revolution. external of said second forged part.
  • Said internal chamber equipped with pressure control means makes it possible to control the damage and / or leakage at one of said laminated stops, or the cracking of one of the constituent parts of the jointing device by means of a sealed joint and / or riser.
  • the pressure of said chamber evolving, the operators are then warned of imminent danger and can intervene by the general constitution of said connecting device comprising several parts and flanges reversibly secured.
  • said upper surface portion of the first flange and said lower surface of the second forged part and, if appropriate, said lower surface of the second flange of revolution are annular flat surfaces.
  • said outer shell of the float is secured to a second inner pipe of larger diameter than said riser, preferably said second inner pipe being a reinforced pipe of greater thickness than said riser, and in that it includes a so-called second flange of revolution to which the lower end of said outer shell of the float and the lower end of said second inner pipe are secured preferably by welds, said second flange surrounding said second forged part so that a second internal chamber is delimited by an internal surface of revolution of said second flange, having the same said axis of revolution ZZ ', by said upper surface of revolution of said second piece forged, by the cylindrical outer surface of said upper portion of riser and cylindrical inner surface said second inner pipe, and a closure flange at the upper end of said second inner pipe and riser top, said second chamber preferably cooperating with pressure control means within said second chamber.
  • This embodiment makes it possible to control and highlight leaks caused by cracks in the various components of the junction device and risers and ducts, or simple leaks while maintaining buoyancy ensured by the float.
  • said second inner pipe extends above said float, preferably in the form of a reinforced pipe of greater thickness than said riser which it surrounds, and preferably, a holding and guiding device ensures the guiding said second inner pipe at said floating support.
  • said reinforced inner pipe extending above said riser cooperates with the holding and guiding device to relieve said upper part of the riser partially immersed and in particular to avoid the phenomena of buckling thereof due to pressure and at the temperature of the fluid circulating inside possibly.
  • the upper end of the float can be secured to the upper part of the riser or of said second inner pipe via a rigid junction.
  • said float is a single float and extends over a length of 40 to 100 m to provide buoyancy to tension the entire bottom-surface connection, preferably said float being realized by sections assembled together, constituted by cylindrical boxes, preferably individually sealed, and mechanically secured to one another in the longitudinal direction ZZ '.
  • the buoyancy of said underwater pipe is provided by said float without addition of additional tensioning system integral with the floating support.
  • the introduction of the flexible hinge joint device according to the present invention at the bottom of the float does not substantially modify the behavior of the connecting device with regard to the pendulum-type vibration phenomena described in WO / 2001-53651 , so that the occurrence of such phenomena is advantageously eliminated if the device according to the invention comprises stabilization means in the lower part of the float having the effect of increasing the mass of water entrained during its movement. or lowering the center of gravity of the upper part of the pipe at the level of the float.
  • the device according to the invention comprises a stabilization means comprising a helical ramp surrounding said float in its lower part near its lower end, and / or an additional peripheral mass located around the lower part of the float.
  • a bottom-surface connection device comprising a riser 1 equipped with a box float 2 made of sections 2 1 -2 7 able to be handled aboard a barge or floating support 10 in order to assembled therein in particular in the drilling bay 12 and thus constituting a single float.
  • the sections consist of individually cylindrical cylindrical boxes 2 1 -2 7 , mechanically secured to each other in the longitudinal direction ZZ '.
  • Said float 2 extends over a length of 40 to 100 m to provide buoyancy to tension the entire bottom-surface connection.
  • the float 2 therefore consists generally of a coaxially cylindrical substantially cylindrical casing 20 surrounding the upper part 1b of the riser 1, located in the submerged upper part of the pipe 1.
  • the riser opens on the surface inside the a drilling bay 2 of a floating support or barge 10 supporting processing equipment 11.
  • the lower part 1 of the riser 1 which extends below the float 2 is of substantially constant diameter to the bottom of the sea.
  • the upper part 1b of riser above the float 2 is surrounded by a reinforced pipe 3 secured to said float 2.
  • said reinforced pipe 3 which is held and guided by a guidance system comprising a device known to roll 4 integral with a structure 6 ensuring its connection with said barge 10.
  • This guiding device 4 allows the sliding of the reinforced pipe 3 and thus said riser along its longitudinal axis and guides its lateral movements in a horizontal plane perpendicular to said longitudinal axis ZZ 'of the riser 1.
  • FIG. 1 schematically a junction device 8 creating a flexible hinge sealed between the lower end float 2 and said riser 1.
  • the upper end of the float 2 is integral with said reinforced pipe 3 via a rigid junction 8 1 .
  • junction device 8 to sealed and flexible articulation according to the invention.
  • the junction device 8 is interposed between a lower portion 1a of riser down to the seabed and an upper portion 1b of riser crossing the float 2 and rising to the surface.
  • shape of spherical section centered at O means a shape forming part of an envelope of spherical section constituted by the surface of revolution delimited by two parallel planes of horizontal section and situated in the same hemisphere of a sphere of center O, said center O being placed above said parallel horizontal section planes.
  • Said second revolution flange 21 provides the connection between the lower end of the cylindrical outer casing 20 of the float 2 and an inner pipe 3 of the same float which encloses coaxially between said upper part 1b riser 1.
  • Said inner pipe 3 is a reinforced pipe of greater diameter and greater thickness than the riser 1 is in fact a reinforced pipe of greater thickness than the riser 1 and extends at its upper end to protect the riser 1 at the holding and guiding device 4 in the drill rack 12.
  • Said second flange of revolution 21 is secured to the lower end of the outer casing 20 by a peripheral welding 21b and at the lower end of said second inner pipe 3 by a peripheral weld 21a.
  • Said second revolution flange 21 surrounds said second forged part 24.
  • concave and convex spherical section surfaces are concavity facing upwards and respectively convexity facing downwards, that is to say fit in a hemisphere with a lower horizontal section.
  • a first internal sealed chamber 40 is delimited by the upper edge 22 4 of said first forging piece 22 as well as the sides of said first and second laminated stops 30 and 31 1 and the free portions of the lower surfaces 24 1 of the second forged piece 24 , said first internal concave surface of revolution 23 1 of the first 23 and said second convex external revolution surface 24 3 of the second forged part 24.
  • the chamber 40 is equipped with a pressure control, for example an external pressure gauge 42 connected to the chamber 40 by a duct 41 through the flange 23 or from a pressure sensor connected to the control cabin of the barge.
  • a second sealed chamber 45 is delimited by the upper closure flange 5, the cylindrical outer surface 1 1 of the upper portion 1b of the riser, cylindrical inner surface 3 1 of the reinforced inner pipe 3 and the inner revolution surfaces 21 3 the second flange 21 and upper outer surface 24 2 of the second forged part 24.
  • the second chamber 45 also cooperates with a pressure gauge or external pressure sensor connected to said chamber by a duct 48 through the flange 21.
  • the articulated connection device 8 between float and riser allows rotations while maintaining the lower part 1 has riser voltage.
  • the spherical shape of said first and second laminated stops 30 and 31 has a self-centering effect and the entire tensioning force created by the float, which can move 500 tons, is transferred to the riser by simple deformation of said stops laminated in compression.
  • the second laminated stop 31 plays mainly a primary sealing role, the bulk of the vertical load transfer being ensured by the first laminated stopper 30.
  • Said reinforced pipe 3 at the top of the float 2 can be connected to a second inner pipe 3 inside the float, which can be unreinforced, the assembly being carried out in a conventional manner with stiffeners because the forces in this zone are much less important than in the lower part.
  • the second laminated primary sealing stop 31 of the figure 3 has been removed.
  • the first laminated stop 30 then plays the role of main seal and ensures the transfer of vertical and horizontal loads between the float and the riser.
  • the pressure control chamber 40 of the figures 2 and 3 no longer exists, and it is no longer possible to detect leaks at this level.
  • the second forged part 24 and the second revolution flange 21 of the figures 2 and 3 are assembled into a single forged part 24 on the upper surface 24 2 of which are directly welded at 24b the lower end of the outer casing 20 of the float 27 and the lower end of the riser 1b; in this configuration, there is no longer a second inner pipe 3 coaxially surrounding said upper part 1b of the riser 1.
  • the pressure control chamber 45 of the figures 2 and 3 no longer exists, and it is no longer possible to detect locally, and in a simple manner, any leakage of the riser in this zone.
  • the assembly is represented with a value ⁇ of inclination between the upper portion 1b and the lower portion 1a of the riser.
  • this point O is indeed common to each of the spherical spans previously described; on the other hand during the installation on site, the laminated abutments being subjected to considerable forces, which can reach and exceed 500 tons, will deform very significantly, for example a few centimeters, and as a result, the reference center O of some parts will move vertically relative to the reference center of other parts.
  • the reference centers of the various spherical bearings remain substantially centered at the common point O.
  • the various reference points of the spherical bearings will shift slightly laterally, but will remain substantially centered in O.
  • FIG 6 the device according to the invention is shown during a drilling operation called simple casing.
  • a drill string 50 at the lower end of which the drill bit is installed is rotated.
  • the drilling mud is injected under pressure into the shank at 51, then rises with the soil debris in the annular space 52 between the riser 1 and the shank 50.
  • the rod trains 50 and the complementary casing 55 are continuous in the region of the flexible articulation situated in the lower part of the float. Indeed, the rotations of angle ⁇ at the bottom of the float, as explained on the figure 3 , are very small, because they are of the order of 2 to 4 degrees maximum, and said rod trains 50 and complementary casing 55 can, because of the existing game with the riser 1, take, without unacceptable constraints, the curvature necessary because they are of much smaller diameter.
  • a tight joint 8 at the bottom of the float does not substantially modify the behavior of the assembly with regard to the pendulum-guitar type vibration phenomena described in the patent WO-2001-53651 of the applicant, and advantageously eliminates the appearance of such phenomena by installing closer to said joint, a peripheral added mass 60 located around the lower part of that of the float 2 as described on the figure 8 or anti-vortex type wings 61 constituting a helical ramp 61 surrounding said float 2 in its lower part 27 near its lower end as described in FIG. figure 9 .
  • the flange 23 is advantageously made of two portions 23 a and 23 b, as explained in figure 10 .
  • An O-ring 23 c will seal between the two diligent.La shape of revolution of the laminated abutments and various flange surfaces has been defined as the center O of spheres, but it remains in the invention if one considers conical shapes as depicted on the figure 11 .
  • the vertices of said cones are substantially convergent at a single point C, the cones then being all different from each other, because they have an angle at the vertex ⁇ variable from one cone to the other.
  • Said first and second laminated abutments 30 and 31 allow flexion of an angle ⁇ with respect to said longitudinal axis ZZ 'of a value of 0 to 5 °, most often 0 to 2 °.
  • frustoconical laminated abutments that is to say with metal reinforcements and frustoconical elastomer layers
  • these are easier to achieve because the surface can be developed on a plane, which is not not the case of other shapes that they are elliptical, spherical, parabolic or hyperbolic that require precision stamping operations, more difficult to achieve.
  • said first flange 23 comprises two parts 23a-23b whose first portion 23a is a flange of revolution comprising said first internal surface 23 1 and said second portion 23b is a peripheral flange comprising said upper surface 23 2 , said second portion 23b being sealingly and reversibly secured with said first portion 23a via at least one O-ring 29 for sealingly fastening and reversible of said upper surface portion 23 2 of the first flange 23 with said lower surface 24 1 of said second forged part 24.
  • the establishment and manufacture of the junction device 8 are made by gluing or adhering said first laminated stop 30 on a first portion 23a of said first flange 23, said first portion 23a being a platinum of revolution comprising an inner surface corresponding to said first inner surface 23 1 of revolution.
  • the advantage of this embodiment is that it makes it possible to inspect if the crosslinking of the layers of the edges 30a and 31a of said first and second laminated stops 30 and 30 has been correctly performed.
  • Forgings 22 and 24 as well as flanges 21 and 23 have been described as being parts of revolution, but it remains in the invention if these parts have polygonal or irregular shapes on the outside, only the surfaces 23 1 -22 1 -22 2 -24 3 , receiving the laminated stops must either be substantially spherical center O, or ellipsoid, or conical as described above.

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Claims (17)

  1. Vorrichtung zur Grund-Oberflächen-Verbindung, umfassend wenigstens eine Unterwasserleitung oder Riser (1, 1 a-1 b), die/der wenigstens einen Schwimmer umfasst und einen einzigen Schwimmer (2, 21-27) umfassen kann, wobei der Schwimmer an seinem unteren Ende mit einer Verbindungsvorrichtung (8), die ein dichtes, flexibles Gelenk zwischen dem unteren Ende des Schwimmers (2) und dem Riser (1a) schafft, verbunden ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Vorrichtung zur Grund-Oberflächen-Verbindung die Verbindungsvorrichtung (8) umfasst, die eingefügt ist zwischen und fest verbunden ist mit einem unteren Riserteil (1 a), der zum Meeresgrund hinunter verläuft, und einem oberen Riserteil (1 b), der den Schwimmer durchgreift und zur Oberfläche hinauf verläuft, und wobei die Verbindungsvorrichtung (8) wenigstens umfasst:
    - ein erstes geschmiedetes Rotationsteil (22), das mit dem oberen Ende des unteren Teils (1a) des Risers fest verbunden ist und einen inneren Rohrleitungsabschnitt (223) im Wesentlichen mit gleichem Durchmesser wie der untere Riserteil bildet, und
    - ein zweites geschmiedetes Rotationsteil (24), das mit dem unteren Ende des oberen Riserteils (1 b) fest verbunden ist und einen inneren Rohrleitungsabschnitt (244) im Wesentlichen mit gleichem Durchmesser wie der obere Riserteil (1 b) bildet,
    - wobei die beiden ersten und zweiten Schmiedeteile (22, 24) durch wenigstens einen ersten Rotationsflansch (23) flexibel und dicht verbunden sind, der mit dem zweiten Schmiedeteil (24) auf dichte und reversible Weise fest verbunden ist und der mit dem ersten Schmiedeteil (22) durch wenigstens einen ersten Rotationsschichtanschlag (30), umfassend eine Vielzahl von Elastomerschichten, die zwischen starren Verstärkungen, vorzugsweise metallischen, eingefügt sind, verbunden ist, wobei die Elastomerschichten Rotationsflächen mit gleicher Achse wie die gemeinsame Rotationslängsachse ZZ' des ersten und des zweiten Schmiedeteils (22, 24) und des ersten Flansches (23, 23a - 23b) definieren, wobei die Rotationsflächen eine Kegelstumpfform aufweisen oder schräge Flächen, wie Flächen mit Ellipsoidquerschnitts- oder Parabel- oder Hyperbelquerschnitts- oder vorzugsweise Kugelquerschnittsform sind.
  2. Vorrichtung zur Grund-Oberflächen-Verbindung nach Anspruch 1, umfassend eine Unterwasserleitung oder Riser (1, 1 a-1 b), die/der durch wenigstens einen Schwimmer (2, 21, 27), welcher von einem die Leitung (1b) umgebenden koaxialen, zylindrischen Mantelkanister (20) gebildet, der in dem versenkten oberen Teil der Leitung (1, 1 a-1 b) gelegen ist, gespannt ist, wobei die Leitung (1, 1a, 1 b) vorzugsweise durch eine Führungsvorrichtung (4, 6) an der Oberfläche im Bereich eines schwimmenden Trägers (10) gehalten und geführt ist und eine Vorrichtung zur Verbindung (8) des zylindrischen Mantelkanisters (20) umfasst, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass:
    - das erste Schmiedeteil (22) in seinem oberen Teil eine erste äußere Rotationsfläche (221), vorzugsweise mit Kegelstumpf- oder Ellipsoidquerschnittsform, aufweist, und
    - das zweite geschmiedete Rotationsteil (24), das mit dem unteren Ende des oberen Riserteils (1 b) fest verbunden ist, vorzugsweise durch eine Schweißnaht (24a), in seinem unteren Teil eine erste untere Fläche (241) aufweist, und
    - der erste Rotationflansch (23, 23a - 23b) aufweist:
    • eine erste innere Rotationsfläche (231) mit Kegelstumpf- bzw. Ellipsoidquerschnittsform, wobei die erste Innenfläche (231) des ersten Flansches (23, 23a - 23b) und die erste Außenfläche (221) des ersten Schmiedeteils (22) gegenüberliegen und elastisch und dicht mittels eines ersten Rotationsschichtanschlages (30) mit Kegelstumpf- bzw. mit Ellipsoidquerschnittsform zusammenwirken, der eine Vielzahl von Elastomerschichten sandwichartig zwischen Verstärkungen aus starrem Folienmaterial, insbesondere Stahlfolien, umfasst, die an der ersten Innenfläche (231) und der ersten Außenfläche (221) haften, wodurch die Verbindung zwischen dem ersten Rotationsflansch (23, 23a - 23b) und dem ersten Schmiedeteil (22) sichergestellt ist, und
    • wobei wenigstens ein Teil einer oberen Fläche (232) des ersten Flansches (23, 23a - 23b) auf dichte Weise, vorzugsweise mittels wenigstens einer O-Ring-Dichtung (28), mit der unteren Fläche (241) des zweiten geschmiedeten Rotationsteils (24) zusammenwirkt, wobei die Teile der oberen Fläche (232) des ersten Flansches (23, 23a - 23b) und der unteren Fläche (241) des zweiten Schmiedeteils (24) auf dichte und reversible Weise, vorzugsweise durch Verbolzen (27), fest verbunden sind, und
    - wobei der zylindrische Mantelkanister (20) des Schwimmers (2) mit einer oberen Fläche (242) des zweiten Schmiedeteils (24) oder mit einer oberen Fläche (211) eines zweiten Rotationsflansches (21) fest verbunden ist, von dem eine untere Fläche (212) selbst auf dichte und reversible Weise, vorzugsweise durch Verbolzen (25) und mittels wenigstens einer O-Ring-Dichtung (26), mit einem Teil der oberen Rotationsfläche (232) des ersten Flansches (23, 23a - 23b) fest verbunden ist.
  3. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das zweite Rotationsschmiedeteil (24) in seinem unteren Teil eine zweite Außenfläche (243) mit Kegelstumpfform oder vorzugsweise mit Ellipsoidquerschnittsform aufweist, und die zweite äußere Rotationsfläche (243) einer zweiten inneren Rotationsfläche (222) mit Kegelstumpfform bzw. mit Ellipsoidquerschnittsform gegenüberliegt und mit dieser elastisch und dicht zusammenwirkt, wobei die zweite innere Fläche (222) im oberen Teil des zweiten Schmiedeteils (22) gelegen ist, und wobei die zweite innere Fläche (222) mit der zweiten äußeren Fläche (243) mittels eines zweiten Rotationsschichtanschlages (31) verbunden ist, der von einer Vielzahl von Elastomerschichten sandwichartig zwischen starren Verstärkungen aus Folien, insbesondere aus Stahl, mit Kegelstumpfform bzw. mit Ellipsoidquerschnittsform gebildet ist, die an der zweiten Außenfläche (243) und der zweiten Innenfläche (222) haften.
  4. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 2 oder 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Gesamtheit aus erstem Rotationsanschlag (30) und zweitem Rotationsanschlag (31), erster äußerer Fläche (221) des ersten Schmiedeteils (22), erster innerer Fläche (231) des ersten Flansches (23, 23a - 23b) und gegebenenfalls zweiter äußerer Rotationsfläche (243) des zweiten Schmiedeteils (24) und zweiter innerer Rotationsfläche (222) des ersten Schmiedeteils (22) eine Kegelstumpfform mit gleicher Rotationsachse ZZ' und deren Spitzenwinkel β 30 bis 80°, vorzugsweise 40 bis 70° beträgt, aufweisen, wobei die Spitzen der verschiedenen kegelstumpfförmigen Flächen unterhalb der kegelstumpfförmigen Flächen gelegen sind, und wobei die verschiedenen kegelstumpfförmigen Flächen entweder einen gleichen Spitzenwinkel β oder eine gleiche Spitze C aufweisen.
  5. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Gesamtheit aus erstem Rotationsanschlag (30) und zweitem Rotationsanschlag (31), erster äußerer Fläche (221) des ersten Schmiedeteils (22), erster innerer Fläche (231) des ersten Flansches (23, 23a - 23b) und gegebenenfalls zweiter äußerer Rotationsfläche (243) des zweiten Schmiedeteils (24) und zweiter innerer Rotationsfläche (222) des ersten Schmiedeteils (22) eine Ellipsoidquerschnitts- vorzugsweise Kugelquerschnittsform aufweisen, alle im Wesentlichen um den gleichen Punkt O, welcher oberhalb der Flächen auf der Rotationsachse ZZ' gelegen ist, zentriert.
  6. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das erste und das zweite Schmiedeteil (22, 24) und der erste Flansch (23, 23a - 23b) eine erste Innenkammer (40) begrenzen, die vorzugsweise mit Druckkontrollmitteln (41, 42) innerhalb der Kammer (40) zusammenwirkt.
  7. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die erste Kammer (40) durch den oberen Teil des ersten Schmiedeteils (22) und durch die freien Teile der unteren Rotationsfläche (241) des zweiten Schmiedeteils (24), der ersten konkaven inneren Rotationsfläche (231) des ersten Flansches (23, 23a - 23b) und der zweiten konvexen äußeren Rotationsfläche (243) des zweiten Schmiedeteils (24) begrenzt ist.
  8. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der zylindrische Mantelkanister (20) des Schwimmers (2) mit einer zweiten Innenleitung (3) mit größerem Durchmesser als der Riser (1, 1b) fest verbunden ist, wobei vorzugsweise die zweite Innenleitung (3) eine verstärkte Leitung mit größerer Dicke als der Riser (1) ist, und dass sie einen zweiten Rotationsflansch (21) umfasst, mit dem das untere Ende des zylindrischen Mantelkanisters (20) des Schwimmers (2) und das untere Ende der zweiten Innenleitung (3) vorzugsweise durch Schweißnähte (21a, 21b) fest verbunden sind, wobei der zweite Flansch (21) das zweite Schmiedeteil (24) umgibt, so dass eine zweite Innenkammer (45) durch eine innere Rotationsfläche (213) des zweiten Flansches (21) mit gleicher Rotationsachse ZZ', durch die obere Rotationsfläche (242) des zweiten Schmiedeteils (24), durch die äußere Zylinderfläche (11) des oberen Riserteils (1b) und innere Zylinderfläche (31) der zweiten Innenleitung (3) sowie durch einen Verschlussflansch (5) am oberen Ende der zweiten Innenleitung (3) und des oberen Riserteils (1 b) begrenzt ist, wobei die zweite Kammer (45) vorzugsweise mit Druckkontrollmitteln (47, 48) innerhalb der zweiten Kammer (45) zusammenwirkt.
  9. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der obere Flächenteil (232) des ersten Flansches (23, 23a - 23b) und die untere Fläche (241) des zweiten Schmiedeteils (24) und die untere Fläche (212) des zweiten Rotationsflansches (21) ringförmige, ebene Flächen sind.
  10. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 8 oder 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die zweite Innenleitung (3) sich oberhalb des Schwimmers (2), vorzugsweise in Form einer verstärkten Leitung mit größerer Dicke als der Riser (1), den sie umgibt, fortsetzt, und vorzugsweise eine Halte- und Führungsvorrichtung (4, 6) die Führung der zweiten Innenleitung (3) im Bereich des schwimmenden Trägers (10) sicherstellt.
  11. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das obere Ende des Schwimmers (2) mit dem oberen Teil (1b) des Risers (1) oder der zweiten Innenleitung (3) mittels einer starren Verbindung (81) fest verbunden ist.
  12. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Schwimmer (2) ein einziger Schwimmer ist, der sich über eine Länge von 40 bis 100 m erstreckt, um einen Auftrieb zu verleihen, der ermöglicht, die gesamte Grund-Oberflächen-Verbindung zu spannen, wobei vorzugsweise der Schwimmer (2) durch Abschnitte ausgebildet ist, die untereinander zusammengefügt sind, durch vorzugsweise einzeln hermetisch verschlossene zylindrische Kästen (21, 27) gebildet sind und in Längsrichtung ZZ' mechanisch fest miteinander verbunden sind.
  13. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Auftrieb der Unterwasserleitung (1) durch den Schwimmer ohne Zufügen eines ergänzenden Spannungssystems, das mit dem schwimmenden Träger (10) fest verbunden ist, sichergestellt ist.
  14. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie Stabilisierungsmittel (60, 61) in dem unteren Teil (27) des Schwimmers (2) umfasst, der bewirken, dass die bei seiner Bewegung mitgenommene Wassermasse erhöht wird, oder die den Schwerpunkt des oberen Teils der Leitung im Bereich des Schwimmers (2) herabsetzen.
  15. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein Stabilisierungsmittel eine spiralförmige Rampe (61) umfasst, die den Schwimmer (2) in seinem unteren Teil (27) nahe seines unteren Endes umgibt.
  16. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein Stabilisierungsmittel eine zusätzliche Umfangsmasse (60), welche um den unteren Teil (27) des Schwimmers (2) herum gelegen ist, umfasst.
  17. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der erste Flansch (23) zwei Teile (23a - 23b) umfasst, von denen der erste Teil (23a) ein Rotationsflansch ist, welcher die erste Innenfläche (231) umfasst, und der zweite Teil (23b) ein Umfangsflansch ist, welcher die obere Fläche (232) umfasst, wobei der zweite Teil (23b) auf dichte und reversible Weise mit dem ersten Teil (23a) mittels wenigstens einer O-Ring-Dichtung, durch dichtes und reversibles festes Verbinden des oberen Flächenteils (232) des ersten Flansches (23) mit der unteren Flächen (241) des zweiten Schmiedeteils (24), fest verbunden ist.
EP04767764.6A 2003-08-08 2004-07-23 Vorrichtung zur bildung einer verbindung zwischen meeresgrund und oberfläche, mit biegsamer dichtung zwischen einem steigrohr und einem schwimmer Expired - Lifetime EP1651840B1 (de)

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FR0309798A FR2858648B1 (fr) 2003-08-08 2003-08-08 Dispositif de liaison fond-surface comportant une articulation flexible etanche entre un riser et un flotteur
PCT/FR2004/001968 WO2005021925A1 (fr) 2003-08-08 2004-07-23 Dispositif de liaison fond-surface comportant une articulation flexible étanche entre un riser et un flotteur

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FR2858648B1 (fr) 2006-11-10
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US7402001B2 (en) 2008-07-22
FR2858648A1 (fr) 2005-02-11
US20060177276A1 (en) 2006-08-10

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