EP1645718A2 - Device for preparing a fluid, in particular a drilling fluid, method of preparation and associated system for analysis - Google Patents

Device for preparing a fluid, in particular a drilling fluid, method of preparation and associated system for analysis Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1645718A2
EP1645718A2 EP05292102A EP05292102A EP1645718A2 EP 1645718 A2 EP1645718 A2 EP 1645718A2 EP 05292102 A EP05292102 A EP 05292102A EP 05292102 A EP05292102 A EP 05292102A EP 1645718 A2 EP1645718 A2 EP 1645718A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fluid
heating
movable
pump
fixed
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Application number
EP05292102A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1645718A3 (en
Inventor
Jean-François EVRARD
François Girard
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Geoservices SA
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Geoservices SA
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Publication date
Application filed by Geoservices SA filed Critical Geoservices SA
Publication of EP1645718A2 publication Critical patent/EP1645718A2/en
Publication of EP1645718A3 publication Critical patent/EP1645718A3/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B21/00—Methods or apparatus for flushing boreholes, e.g. by use of exhaust air from motor
    • E21B21/06—Arrangements for treating drilling fluids outside the borehole
    • E21B21/063—Arrangements for treating drilling fluids outside the borehole by separating components
    • E21B21/067—Separating gases from drilling fluids

Definitions

  • This device is applicable to the pumping and heating of fluids, especially heat-sensitive fluids, which can degrade at a temperature close to their heating temperature, such as for example drilling muds.
  • This analysis carried out continuously, comprises two main phases.
  • the first phase consists in collecting mud samples and extracting the gases contained in these samples (for example hydrocarbon compounds, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulphide).
  • the second phase consists in qualifying and quantifying the extracted gases.
  • a mechanically stirred degasser of the type described in FR 2 799 790 is used frequently.
  • This type of degasser comprises a preparation device of the aforementioned type, comprising a pump for bringing the sludge into a gas extraction tank.
  • the device further comprises a module for heating the sludge, arranged between the pump and the tank, to bring the temperature of the sludge to values of, for example, between 70 ° C. and 120 ° C., in order to promote the extraction of gas and increase the sensitivity of the analysis.
  • the discharge outlet of the pump is connected to the inlet of the heating module by a pipe.
  • the heating module comprises for example a wall heated indirectly by an electrical resistance, the wall being immersed in the sludge.
  • drilling muds are thermosensitive fluids that degrade at temperatures close to 90 ° C.
  • the electrical resistance must be adjusted, in some cases, to a temperature above the degradation temperature of the sludge. In the vicinity of the heating wall, the sludge degrades and clogs the wall.
  • the analysis of the gases must therefore be interrupted periodically to clean the heating wall, which affects the reliability of measurements made during drilling.
  • the heating temperature of the sludge is reduced, which deteriorates the sensitivity of the analysis.
  • the main purpose of the invention is to increase the reliability of the analysis of the gases contained in a sludge during a drilling, without deteriorating its sensitivity.
  • the invention relates to a device of the aforementioned type, characterized in that the heating means are applied to at least one of the fixed element and movable element for heating said element.
  • a gas analysis assembly according to the invention is used for example in a drilling installation 11 of a petroleum production well.
  • this installation 11 comprises a drilling pipe 13 in a cavity pierced by a rotary drilling tool, a surface installation 17, and a gas analysis assembly 19 according to the invention.
  • the drill pipe 13 is disposed in the cavity drilled in the sub-floor 21 by the rotary drilling tool.
  • This duct 13 comprises at the surface 22 a wellhead 23 provided with a discharge pipe 25.
  • the drilling tool 15 comprises a drill head 27, a drill string 29, and a liquid injection head 31.
  • the drill head 27 comprises drilling means 33 of the rocks of the subsoil 21. It is mounted on the lower part of the drill string 29 and is positioned in the bottom of the drill pipe 13.
  • the liner 29 comprises a set of hollow drill pipes. These tubes delimit an internal space 35 making it possible to bring a liquid from the surface 22 to the drill head 27. For this purpose, the injection head 31 of liquid is screwed onto the upper part of the lining 29.
  • the surface installation 17 comprises means 41 for supporting and rotating the drill bit 15, means 43 for injecting the drilling fluid and a vibrating screen 45.
  • the injection means 43 are hydraulically connected to the injection head 31 to introduce and circulate a liquid in the internal space 35 of the drill string 29.
  • the vibrating screen 45 collects in a liquid receiving tank 46, the liquid containing the drilling residues, hereinafter referred to as "drilling mud", which leaves the discharge pipe 25 and separates the liquid from the drilling residues. solid.
  • the analysis assembly 19 comprises means 51 for sampling the sludge stuck on the emptying line 25, a device 53 for preparing the sludge, means 55 for extracting the gases contained in mud, and means 57 for analyzing the extracted gases.
  • the sampling means 51 comprise a liquid extraction head 59 projecting in the drain line 25, and a connecting pipe 61 connecting the head 59 to the preparation device 53.
  • the sampling means are stitched into a liquid receiving tank into which the emptying line 25 opens, for example the tank 46.
  • the preparation device 53 comprises a pump 65 called “Sparrow” provided with heating means 67 of the sludge.
  • the pump 65 comprises a housing 69 which delimits a sludge inlet chamber 71, a stator 73 and a rotor 75 which delimit a plurality of disjoint pumping cavities 77 and means 79 for rotating the rotor 75 relative to each other. at the stator 73 comprising a drive shaft 81.
  • the housing 69 has a generally tubular shape extending along a longitudinal axis X-X 'of the pump 65.
  • upstream and downstream refer to the direction of normal circulation of the fluid in the installation.
  • the housing 69 has, at its upstream end 83, an axial opening 85 for receiving the drive shaft 81 delimited by an inner annular flange extended externally by an annular support sleeve 87.
  • the inlet chamber 71 extends between an inlet opening 91 formed in the vicinity of the upstream end 83 and an axial pumping opening 93 formed at the downstream end 95 of the casing 69.
  • inlet 91 is connected to the connection pipe 61.
  • the stator 73 is mounted in the axial extension of the casing 69 at its downstream end 95 and comprises an outer casing 97 and an inner lining 99.
  • the outer casing 97 is fixed on the casing 69, in the extension of the pumping opening 93. It has at its free end a discharge passage 101 of the pump 65.
  • the lining 99 is fixed on an inner wall of the casing 97. It has an inner surface of helical shape which extends between the pumping opening 93 and the discharge passage 101.
  • the internal helical surface 103 is generated according to a double helix performing five revolutions.
  • the lining 99 is made of a heat-resistant elastomeric material, and thermally insulating such as nitrile or Viton ®.
  • the rotor 75 comprises a rotating metal rod 105 mounted in the internal cavity delimited by the lining 99 of the stator 73.
  • the bar 105 has a helical outer surface 107.
  • the outer surface 107 of the bar 105 is generated for example by a single helix, of dimensions chosen so that the inner surface 103 of the lining 99 and the outer surface 107 of the bar 105 have a plurality of contact regions 109. These contact regions 109 delimit the plurality of alveolar pumping cavities 77, sealed with respect to each other.
  • the bar 105 is made for example based on a stainless steel type metal, or surface-treated steel by nickel plating, or bronze whose thermal conductivity is between 15 W / m 2 .K and 200 W / m 2 .K .
  • the length of the bar is between 0.2 m and 0.8 m and its external surface 107 between 5x10 -3 m 2 and 1x10 -1 m 2 to carry a sludge circulating at a flow rate of between 5 l / h and 150 l / h at temperatures between 20 ° C and 300 ° C.
  • the bar 105 is rotatably mounted in the packing 99 about the longitudinal axis XX 'of the pump 65. Given the relative configuration of the inner and outer helical surfaces 103, 107, the central axis YY' of the bar 105 is shifted laterally with respect to the longitudinal axis XX 'and parallel to this axis X-X'.
  • the contact regions 109 scan the entire inner surface 103 of the lining 99 and the entire outer surface 107 of the bar 105, to allow continuous scraping of the inner and outer surfaces 103 and 107, so that the residues which are deposited on these surfaces 103 and 107 are evacuated towards the discharge passage 101.
  • the rotational drive means 79 of the rotor 75 comprise, in addition to the drive shaft 81 of the rotor 75, an electric motor 121, and means 123 for transmission between the drive shaft 81 and the rotor 75.
  • the motor 121 is disposed outside the housing 69. It comprises an output shaft 125 meshing with the drive shaft 81 for the rotation of the latter.
  • the drive shaft 81 is rotatably mounted around the longitudinal axis XX 'in a hollow housing 127 fixed in the axial extension of the upstream end 83 of the housing 69.
  • Upstream bearings 129 are disposed between a constriction 131 of the housing 127 and the tree 81.
  • the downstream end 133 of the shaft 81 is also rotatably mounted in the support sleeve 87 of the casing 69 via a downstream bearing 135.
  • the downstream end 133 projects into the inlet chamber 71 at through the receiving opening 85.
  • An annular seal (not shown) seals between the annular flange and the shaft 81.
  • the transmission means 123 comprise a rod 141 articulated on the one hand, at the downstream end 133 of the drive shaft 81, and on the other hand, at the upstream end 111 of the bar 105.
  • the joints 143 between the connecting rod 141 and the drive shaft 81 on the one hand, and the rod 141 and the rod 105 on the other hand, comprise at least two degrees of freedom along two perpendicular axes.
  • These joints 143 are for example cardan type or ball joint to allow the upstream end 111 of the bar 105 to describe a substantially circular movement in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis X-X '.
  • the heating means 67 comprise an electrical resistance 151, a source 153 for supplying electrical power to this resistor 151 and means 155 for electrical connection between this source 153 and the resistor 151.
  • the electrical resistance 151 comprises a heating cartridge of substantially cylindrical shape disposed in a cavity 157 of conjugate shape, formed in the bar 105.
  • the cartridge presents an outer surface of between 2.10 -2 m 2 and 4.10 -2 m 2 and a thermal power between 1000 W and 4000 W.
  • the source 153 of electrical energy is disposed outside the housing 69, in the vicinity of the motor 121.
  • the electrical connection means 155 comprise electrical paths that extend between the resistor 151 and a sweeper type commutator 159 disposed between the output shaft 125 and the motor 121. The paths extend successively through the rotor 75, the connecting rod 141, the drive shaft 81, and the output shaft 125.
  • the rotating manifold 159 is disposed away from the heating resistor 151, which limits its heating and thus ensures its reliable operation.
  • the extraction means 55 are for example similar to those described in FR 2 799 790. They comprise an enclosure 201, a pipe 203 for supplying sludge into the enclosure 201, a pipe 205 of evacuation of the mud from the enclosure 201, the means 207 for introducing a carrier gas into the enclosure 201, and a pipe 209 for extracting the gases extracted from the enclosure 201.
  • the chamber 201 is provided with stirring means 211.
  • the mud feed pipe 203 extends between the discharge passage 101 of the pump 65 and an inlet opening formed in the lower part of the enclosure 201.
  • the discharge pipe 205 extends between an overflow passage formed in an upper part of the enclosure 201 and a retention tank 213 intended to receive the sludge discharged from the enclosure 201.
  • the tank 213 is formed. by the receiving tank 46 of the vibrating screen 45.
  • the sludge collected in the retention tank 213 and in the tank 46 is recycled to the injection means 43 by a mud recirculation pipe 214.
  • the means 207 for introducing a carrier gas into the enclosure 201 comprise an air intake or a neutral gas opening into the chamber 201.
  • the extraction pipe 209 extends between an extraction opening formed in the upper part of the enclosure 201 and the analysis means 57. It comprises a transport line 215 and suction means 217.
  • the analysis means 57 comprise an instrumentation enabling the detection and quantification of one or more extracted gases.
  • the drilling tool 15 is rotated by the surface installation 41.
  • a drilling liquid is introduced into the interior space 35 of the drill string 29 by the injection means 43. This liquid descends to the drill head 27, and passes through the drill pipe 13 through the drill head 27. This liquid cools and lubricates the drilling means 33. Then, the liquid collects the resulting solid cuttings drilling and up through the annular space defined between the drill string 29 and the walls of the drill pipe 13, and is discharged through the drain line.
  • the motor 121 is then activated to rotate the drive shaft 81 about the longitudinal axis X-X '.
  • the rotational movement of the drive shaft 81 is transmitted to the rotor 75 via the transmission means 123.
  • the relative displacement of the rotor 75 relative to the stator 73 causes the displacement of the contact regions 109 and consequently the displacement of the cellular cavities 77 from the downstream opening 93 towards the discharge passage 101.
  • the power source 153 is activated. This source 153 supplies the electrical resistance 151 via the connection means 155.
  • the resistor 151 is brought to a temperature of between 50 ° C. and 300 ° C. at its surface.
  • the pump is self-priming, so that the sludge is continuously collected in the drain line 25 or in the tank 46 by the sampling means 51, and then sucked through the sampling pipe 61 to the chamber The sludge then enters a cavity 77 adjacent to the pumping opening 93, and is then pumped by the downstream displacement of this cavity 77 to the discharge passage 101.
  • the heat emitted by the electrical resistance 151 is transmitted to the sludge by conduction through the metal bar 105, then by convection at the outer surface 107.
  • the temperature that prevails at the outer surface of the bar is for example between 50 ° C and 300C.
  • the sludge is thus brought to the desired temperature, for example between 70 ° C. and 120 ° C., as it passes through the pump 65.
  • the temperature difference between the outer surface 107 of the rotor 75 and the sludge is minimized, which significantly reduces the fouling of this surface 107.
  • the sludge is then conveyed to the chamber 201 through the inlet pipe 203.
  • the stirring means 211 are activated to extract the gases contained in the sludge.
  • the extracted gases are taken by line 209 and are conveyed by aspiration to the analysis means 57 where they are qualified and quantified.
  • a thermal control device (not shown) regulates the electrical power delivered to the electrical resistance 151 to control the outlet temperature of the sludge, taken at the discharge passage 101 or in the enclosure 201.
  • a thermal insulation envelope 301 is placed around the stator 73, in order to reduce the thermal losses within the pump 65 and thus to increase the efficiency of the heating in this pump 65.
  • the helical bar 105 is fixed relative to the housing 69 and the assembly 73 constituted by the gasket 99 and the casing 97 is rotatable about the longitudinal axis X-X '.
  • This assembly 73 is, in this case, provided with rotating drive means.
  • the electrical connection means 155 are devoid of a rotating manifold 159 since the bar 105 is fixed.
  • the maximum transverse dimension of the pumping cavities is increased to accommodate larger sized rock debris.
  • the electrical resistance 151 is disposed in the stator 73.
  • this device makes it possible to increase the temperature at which the sludge is carried before the extraction of the gases, without generating substantial fouling of the device, thanks to the continuous scraping of the pumping cavities.
  • the extraction efficiency of the gases contained in the sludge is thus improved and the sensitivity of the analysis is increased.
  • This device also limits the bulk of the analysis assembly disposed in an explosive zone, in the vicinity of the well.
  • the device is also adaptable to other types of pumps, for example to a piston pump.
  • the device is applicable to the simultaneous pumping and heating of other heat-sensitive fluids such as milk.

Abstract

The pumping cavity (77) is defined by at least two movable surfaces (103, 107), locally in contact, so displacement of the movable element relative to the fixed element causes relative displacement of these surfaces to ensure they are scraped at the points of local contact. Means of heating the fluid (151) are applied to one at least of the fixed and/or movable elements : The device includes a pump (65) comprising at least one fixed element (73) and at least one element (75) which moves relative to the fixed element, the elements defining a pumping cavity. One of the elements is a female element (73) defining a cavity and the other is a male element (75) placed inside the female element. The means of heating is placed in either the male or the female element. A thermally insulating envelope (301) is placed around the female element. The female element has a helical internal surface and the male element has a helical external surface so the two surfaces define a number of disjointed pumping cavities. The movable element is mounted to rotate about an axis (XX') and there are means (79) of driving the element in rotation. The means of heating is placed in the movable element and is electrically connected to a source of electrical energy (153) through the means of driving the element in rotation. An independent claimS are made for (a) a method of preparing a fluid, in particular a drilling mud, by pumping the fluid through such a device and heating it; and (b) an assembly for analysing at least one gas contained in a fluid, in particular a drilling mud, circulating in a pipe (25) and containing means of sampling the fluid from the pipe, a device as described above, means of extracting the gas from the sample and means of analysing the extracted gas.

Description

La présente invention concerne un dispositif de préparation d'un fluide, notamment d'une boue de forage, du type comprenant :

  • une pompe, comportant au moins un élément fixe et au moins un élément mobile par rapport à l'élément fixe, ces éléments délimitant au moins une cavité de pompage ; et
  • des moyens de chauffage du fluide.
The present invention relates to a device for preparing a fluid, in particular a drilling mud, of the type comprising:
  • a pump, comprising at least one fixed element and at least one element movable relative to the fixed element, these elements delimiting at least one pumping cavity; and
  • means for heating the fluid.

Ce dispositif s'applique au pompage et au chauffage de fluides, notamment de fluides thermosensibles, susceptibles de se dégrader à une température proche de leur température de chauffage, comme par exemple des boues de forage.This device is applicable to the pumping and heating of fluids, especially heat-sensitive fluids, which can degrade at a temperature close to their heating temperature, such as for example drilling muds.

Lors du forage d'un puits de pétrole ou d'un autre effluent (notamment gaz, vapeur, eau), il est connu de réaliser une analyse des composés gazeux contenus dans les boues de forage émergeant du puits. Cette analyse permet de reconstituer la succession géologique des formations traversées lors du forage et intervient dans la détermination des possibilités d'exploitation des gisements de fluides rencontrés.When drilling an oil well or other effluent (in particular gas, steam, water), it is known to perform an analysis of the gaseous compounds contained in the drilling muds emerging from the well. This analysis makes it possible to reconstitute the geological succession of the formations traversed during the drilling and intervenes in the determination of the possibilities of exploitation of the deposits of fluids encountered.

Cette analyse, réalisée en continu, comprend deux phases principales. La première phase consiste à prélever des échantillons de boue et à extraire les gaz contenus dans ces échantillons (par exemple composés hydrocarbonés, dioxyde de carbone, sulfure d'hydrogène). La deuxième phase consiste à qualifier et quantifier les gaz extraits.This analysis, carried out continuously, comprises two main phases. The first phase consists in collecting mud samples and extracting the gases contained in these samples (for example hydrocarbon compounds, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulphide). The second phase consists in qualifying and quantifying the extracted gases.

Dans la première phase, un dégazeur à agitation mécanique du type décrit dans FR 2 799 790 est utilisé de manière fréquente. Ce type de dégazeur comprend un dispositif de préparation du type précité, comportant une pompe pour amener la boue dans une cuve d'extraction de gaz. Le dispositif comprend en outre un module de chauffage de la boue, disposé entre la pompe et la cuve, pour porter la température de la boue à des valeurs comprises par exemple entre 70°C et 120°C, afin de favoriser l'extraction de gaz et d'augmenter la sensibilité de l'analyse. A cet effet, la sortie de refoulement de la pompe est reliée à l'entrée du module de chauffage par une tubulure. Le module de chauffage comprend par exemple une paroi chauffée indirectement par une résistance électrique, la paroi étant plongée dans la boue.In the first phase, a mechanically stirred degasser of the type described in FR 2 799 790 is used frequently. This type of degasser comprises a preparation device of the aforementioned type, comprising a pump for bringing the sludge into a gas extraction tank. The device further comprises a module for heating the sludge, arranged between the pump and the tank, to bring the temperature of the sludge to values of, for example, between 70 ° C. and 120 ° C., in order to promote the extraction of gas and increase the sensitivity of the analysis. For this purpose, the discharge outlet of the pump is connected to the inlet of the heating module by a pipe. The heating module comprises for example a wall heated indirectly by an electrical resistance, the wall being immersed in the sludge.

Toutefois, certaines boues de forage sont des fluides thermosensibles qui se dégradent à des températures proches de 90°C. Pour porter la boue à la valeur de température désirée, la résistance électrique doit être réglée, dans certains cas, à une température supérieure à la température de dégradation de la boue. Au voisinage de la paroi chauffante, la boue se dégrade et encrasse la paroi.However, some drilling muds are thermosensitive fluids that degrade at temperatures close to 90 ° C. To bring the sludge to the desired temperature value, the electrical resistance must be adjusted, in some cases, to a temperature above the degradation temperature of the sludge. In the vicinity of the heating wall, the sludge degrades and clogs the wall.

L'analyse des gaz doit donc être interrompue périodiquement pour nettoyer la paroi chauffante, ce qui nuit à la fiabilité des mesures effectuées lors du forage. Pour pallier ce problème, la température de chauffage de la boue est diminuée, ce qui détériore la sensibilité de l'analyse.The analysis of the gases must therefore be interrupted periodically to clean the heating wall, which affects the reliability of measurements made during drilling. To overcome this problem, the heating temperature of the sludge is reduced, which deteriorates the sensitivity of the analysis.

L'invention a pour but principal d'augmenter la fiabilité de l'analyse des gaz contenus dans une boue au cours d'un forage, sans détériorer sa sensibilité.The main purpose of the invention is to increase the reliability of the analysis of the gases contained in a sludge during a drilling, without deteriorating its sensitivity.

A cet effet, l'invention a pour objet un dispositif du type précité, caractérisé en ce que les moyens de chauffage sont appliqués à l'un au moins des élément fixe et élément mobile pour chauffer ledit élément.For this purpose, the invention relates to a device of the aforementioned type, characterized in that the heating means are applied to at least one of the fixed element and movable element for heating said element.

Le dispositif selon l'invention peut comporter une ou plusieurs des caractéristiques suivantes, prises isolément ou suivant toutes combinaisons techniquement possibles :

  • la cavité de pompage est délimitée par au moins deux surfaces mobiles localement en contact, le déplacement de l'élément mobile par rapport à l'élément fixe provoquant le déplacement relatif desdites surfaces localement en contact l'une par rapport à l'autre, pour assurer le raclage desdites surfaces ;
  • l'un desdits élément fixe et élément mobile est un élément femelle délimitant une cavité, et l'autre desdits élément fixe et élément mobile est un élément mâle disposé dans l'élément femelle ;
  • les moyens de chauffage sont disposés dans l'élément mâle ;
  • les moyens de chauffage sont disposés dans l'élément femelle ;
  • il comprend une enveloppe d'isolation thermique disposée autour de l'élément femelle ;
  • l'élément femelle présente une surface interne de forme sensiblement hélicoïdale, l'élément mâle présentant une surface externe de forme sensiblement hélicoïdale, lesdites surfaces interne et externe délimitant une pluralité de cavités de pompage disjointes ;
  • l'élément mobile est monté rotatif autour d'un axe de rotation et il comprend des moyens d'entraînement en rotation de l'élément mobile par rapport à l'élément fixe autour de l'axe de rotation ;
  • les moyens de chauffage sont disposés dans l'élément mobile et sont raccordés électriquement à une source d'énergie électrique à travers les moyens d'entraînement en rotation.
The device according to the invention may comprise one or more of the following characteristics, taken separately or in any technically possible combination:
  • the pumping cavity is delimited by at least two moving surfaces locally in contact, the displacement of the movable element relative to the fixed element causing the relative displacement of said surfaces locally in contact with one another, for scraping said surfaces;
  • one of said fixed element and movable element is a female element delimiting a cavity, and the other of said fixed element and movable element is a male element disposed in the female element;
  • the heating means are arranged in the male element;
  • the heating means are arranged in the female element;
  • it comprises a thermal insulation envelope disposed around the female element;
  • the female element has an inner surface of substantially helical shape, the male element having an outer surface of substantially helical shape, said inner and outer surfaces delimiting a plurality of disjoint pumping cavities;
  • the movable element is rotatably mounted about an axis of rotation and comprises means for rotating the movable element relative to the fixed element about the axis of rotation;
  • the heating means are arranged in the movable element and are electrically connected to a source of electrical energy through the rotating drive means.

L'invention a en outre pour objet un procédé de préparation d'un fluide, notamment d'une boue de forage, du type comprenant les étapes de :

  • pompage du fluide entre une entrée d'admission d'une pompe et une sortie de refoulement de la pompe, la pompe comportant au moins un élément fixe et au moins un élément mobile par rapport à l'élément fixe, ces éléments délimitant au moins une cavité de pompage ; et
  • chauffage du fluide par des moyens de chauffage ;
caractérisé en ce que le chauffage du fluide est assuré par contact de ce fluide avec une surface de l'un au moins des élément fixe et élément mobile de la pompe, cette surface étant chauffée par les moyens de chauffage.The invention further relates to a process for preparing a fluid, in particular a drilling mud, of the type comprising the steps of:
  • pumping the fluid between an intake inlet of a pump and a discharge outlet of the pump, the pump comprising at least one fixed element and at least one movable element relative to the fixed element, these elements delimiting at least one pumping cavity; and
  • heating the fluid by heating means;
characterized in that the heating of the fluid is ensured by contact of this fluid with a surface of at least one of the fixed element and movable element of the pump, this surface being heated by the heating means.

L'invention a également pour objet un ensemble d'analyse d'au moins un gaz contenu dans un fluide, notamment une boue de forage, circulant dans un conduit, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend :

  • des moyens de prélèvement du fluide dans ledit conduit ;
  • un dispositif tel que défini ci-dessus, une entrée d'admission de la pompe étant reliée aux moyens de prélèvement ;
  • des moyens d'extraction de gaz contenu dans le fluide, raccordés à une sortie de refoulement de la pompe ; et
  • des moyens d'analyse des gaz extraits.
The subject of the invention is also a set of analysis of at least one gas contained in a fluid, in particular a drilling mud, flowing in a conduit, characterized in that it comprises:
  • fluid withdrawal means in said conduit;
  • a device as defined above, an intake inlet of the pump being connected to the sampling means;
  • gas extraction means contained in the fluid, connected to a discharge outlet of the pump; and
  • means for analyzing the extracted gases.

Un exemple de mise en oeuvre de l'invention va maintenant être décrit en regard des dessins annexés, sur lesquels :

  • la Figure 1 est une vue schématique en coupe verticale d'une installation de forage, munie d'un ensemble d'analyse selon l'invention ;
  • la Figure 2 est une vue schématique en coupe suivant un plan horizontal d'un premier dispositif de préparation selon l'invention ; et
  • la Figure 3 est une vue analogue à la Figure 2 d'un deuxième dispositif de préparation selon l'invention.
An exemplary implementation of the invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
  • Figure 1 is a schematic vertical sectional view of a drilling rig, provided with an analysis assembly according to the invention;
  • Figure 2 is a schematic sectional view along a horizontal plane of a first preparation device according to the invention; and
  • Figure 3 is a view similar to Figure 2 of a second preparation device according to the invention.

Un ensemble d'analyse de gaz selon l'invention est utilisé par exemple dans une installation de forage 11 d'un puits de production de pétrole.A gas analysis assembly according to the invention is used for example in a drilling installation 11 of a petroleum production well.

Comme illustré par la Figure 1, cette installation 11 comprend un conduit de forage 13 dans une cavité percée par un outil de forage 15 rotatif, une installation de surface 17, et un ensemble d'analyse de gaz 19 selon l'invention.As illustrated in FIG. 1, this installation 11 comprises a drilling pipe 13 in a cavity pierced by a rotary drilling tool, a surface installation 17, and a gas analysis assembly 19 according to the invention.

Le conduit de forage 13 est disposé dans la cavité percée dans le sous-sol 21 par l'outil de forage 15 rotatif. Ce conduit 13 comporte au niveau de la surface 22 une tête de puits 23 munie d'une conduite 25 de vidange.The drill pipe 13 is disposed in the cavity drilled in the sub-floor 21 by the rotary drilling tool. This duct 13 comprises at the surface 22 a wellhead 23 provided with a discharge pipe 25.

L'outil de forage 15 comprend une tête de forage 27, une garniture de forage 29, et une tête 31 d'injection de liquide.The drilling tool 15 comprises a drill head 27, a drill string 29, and a liquid injection head 31.

La tête de forage 27 comprend des moyens de perçage 33 des roches du sous-sol 21. Elle est montée sur la partie inférieure de la garniture de forage 29 et est positionnée dans le fond du conduit de forage 13.The drill head 27 comprises drilling means 33 of the rocks of the subsoil 21. It is mounted on the lower part of the drill string 29 and is positioned in the bottom of the drill pipe 13.

La garniture 29 comprend un ensemble de tubes de forage creux. Ces tubes délimitent un espace interne 35 permettant d'amener un liquide depuis la surface 22 jusqu'à la tête de forage 27. A cet effet, la tête d'injection 31 de liquide est vissée sur la partie supérieure de la garniture 29.The liner 29 comprises a set of hollow drill pipes. These tubes delimit an internal space 35 making it possible to bring a liquid from the surface 22 to the drill head 27. For this purpose, the injection head 31 of liquid is screwed onto the upper part of the lining 29.

L'installation de surface 17 comprend des moyens 41 de support et d'entraînement en rotation de l'outil de forage 15, des moyens 43 d'injection du liquide de forage et un tamis vibrant 45.The surface installation 17 comprises means 41 for supporting and rotating the drill bit 15, means 43 for injecting the drilling fluid and a vibrating screen 45.

Les moyens d'injection 43 sont reliés hydrauliquement à la tête d'injection 31 pour introduire et faire circuler un liquide dans l'espace interne 35 de la garniture de forage 29.The injection means 43 are hydraulically connected to the injection head 31 to introduce and circulate a liquid in the internal space 35 of the drill string 29.

Le tamis vibrant 45 collecte dans une cuve 46 de réception de liquide, le liquide chargé de résidus de forage, désigné par la suite par « boue de forage », qui sort de la conduite d'évacuation 25 et sépare le liquide des résidus de forage solides.The vibrating screen 45 collects in a liquid receiving tank 46, the liquid containing the drilling residues, hereinafter referred to as "drilling mud", which leaves the discharge pipe 25 and separates the liquid from the drilling residues. solid.

Comme illustré sur la Figure 1, l'ensemble d'analyse 19 comprend des moyens 51 de prélèvement de la boue piqués sur la conduite de vidange 25, un dispositif 53 de préparation de la boue, des moyens 55 d'extraction des gaz contenus dans la boue, et des moyens 57 d'analyse des gaz extraits.As illustrated in FIG. 1, the analysis assembly 19 comprises means 51 for sampling the sludge stuck on the emptying line 25, a device 53 for preparing the sludge, means 55 for extracting the gases contained in mud, and means 57 for analyzing the extracted gases.

Les moyens de prélèvement 51 comprennent une tête 59 de prélèvement de liquide montée en saillie dans la conduite de vidange 25, et une tubulure 61 de raccordement reliant la tête 59 au dispositif de préparation 53.The sampling means 51 comprise a liquid extraction head 59 projecting in the drain line 25, and a connecting pipe 61 connecting the head 59 to the preparation device 53.

En variante, les moyens de prélèvement sont piqués dans une cuve de réception du liquide dans laquelle débouche la conduite de vidange 25, par exemple la cuve 46.In a variant, the sampling means are stitched into a liquid receiving tank into which the emptying line 25 opens, for example the tank 46.

Comme illustré par la Figure 2, le dispositif de préparation 53 comprend une pompe 65 dite « Moineau » munie de moyens de chauffage 67 de la boue.As illustrated in Figure 2, the preparation device 53 comprises a pump 65 called "Sparrow" provided with heating means 67 of the sludge.

La pompe 65 comprend un carter 69 qui délimite une chambre 71 d'admission de la boue, un stator 73 et un rotor 75 qui délimitent une pluralité de cavités 77 de pompage disjointes et des moyens 79 d'entraînement en rotation du rotor 75 par rapport au stator 73 comprenant un arbre d'entraînement 81.The pump 65 comprises a housing 69 which delimits a sludge inlet chamber 71, a stator 73 and a rotor 75 which delimit a plurality of disjoint pumping cavities 77 and means 79 for rotating the rotor 75 relative to each other. at the stator 73 comprising a drive shaft 81.

Le carter 69 présente une forme générale tubulaire s'étendant suivant un axe longitudinal X-X' de la pompe 65.The housing 69 has a generally tubular shape extending along a longitudinal axis X-X 'of the pump 65.

Dans tout ce qui suit, les termes « amont » et « aval » s'entendent par rapport au sens de circulation normal du fluide dans l'installation.In what follows, the terms "upstream" and "downstream" refer to the direction of normal circulation of the fluid in the installation.

Le carter 69 présente, à son extrémité amont 83, une ouverture axiale 85 de réception de l'arbre d'entraînement 81 délimitée par une collerette annulaire interne prolongée extérieurement par un manchon annulaire 87 de support.The housing 69 has, at its upstream end 83, an axial opening 85 for receiving the drive shaft 81 delimited by an inner annular flange extended externally by an annular support sleeve 87.

La chambre d'admission 71 s'étend entre une ouverture latérale 91 d'admission, ménagée au voisinage de l'extrémité amont 83 et une ouverture axiale de pompage 93 ménagée à l'extrémité aval 95 du carter 69. L'ouverture d'admission 91 est raccordée à la tubulure de raccordement 61.The inlet chamber 71 extends between an inlet opening 91 formed in the vicinity of the upstream end 83 and an axial pumping opening 93 formed at the downstream end 95 of the casing 69. inlet 91 is connected to the connection pipe 61.

Le stator 73 est monté dans le prolongement axial du carter 69 à son extrémité aval 95 et comprend une enveloppe extérieure 97 et un garnissage intérieur 99.The stator 73 is mounted in the axial extension of the casing 69 at its downstream end 95 and comprises an outer casing 97 and an inner lining 99.

L'enveloppe extérieure 97 est fixée sur le carter 69, dans le prolongement de l'ouverture de pompage 93. Elle présente à son extrémité libre un passage de refoulement 101 de la pompe 65.The outer casing 97 is fixed on the casing 69, in the extension of the pumping opening 93. It has at its free end a discharge passage 101 of the pump 65.

Le garnissage 99 est fixé sur une paroi interne de l'enveloppe 97. Il présente une surface interne de forme hélicoïdale qui s'étend entre l'ouverture de pompage 93 et le passage de refoulement 101.The lining 99 is fixed on an inner wall of the casing 97. It has an inner surface of helical shape which extends between the pumping opening 93 and the discharge passage 101.

Dans l'exemple illustré par la Figure 2, la surface hélicoïdale interne 103 est générée suivant une double hélice effectuant cinq révolutions.In the example illustrated in FIG. 2, the internal helical surface 103 is generated according to a double helix performing five revolutions.

Le garnissage 99 est réalisé à base d'un matériau élastomère résistant à la chaleur, et isolant thermiquement comme par exemple du nitrile ou du Viton ®.The lining 99 is made of a heat-resistant elastomeric material, and thermally insulating such as nitrile or Viton ®.

Ainsi, les pertes de chaleur dans la pompe 65 sont minimisées et le rendement de chauffage de la pompe 65 est amélioré.Thus, the heat losses in the pump 65 are minimized and the heating efficiency of the pump 65 is improved.

Le rotor 75 comprend un barreau 105 métallique rotatif, monté dans la cavité interne délimitée par le garnissage 99 du stator 73.The rotor 75 comprises a rotating metal rod 105 mounted in the internal cavity delimited by the lining 99 of the stator 73.

Le barreau 105 présente une surface externe 107 hélicoïdale. La surface externe 107 du barreau 105 est générée par exemple par une hélice simple, de dimensions choisies pour que la surface interne 103 du garnissage 99 et la surface externe 107 du barreau 105 possèdent une pluralité de régions 109 de contact. Ces régions de contact 109 délimitent la pluralité de cavités de pompage alvéolaires 77, étanches les unes par rapport aux autres.The bar 105 has a helical outer surface 107. The outer surface 107 of the bar 105 is generated for example by a single helix, of dimensions chosen so that the inner surface 103 of the lining 99 and the outer surface 107 of the bar 105 have a plurality of contact regions 109. These contact regions 109 delimit the plurality of alveolar pumping cavities 77, sealed with respect to each other.

Le barreau 105 est réalisé par exemple à base d'un métal de type acier inoxydable, ou acier traité en surface par nickelage, ou bronze dont la conductivité thermique est comprise entre 15 W/m2.K et 200 W/m2.K. La longueur du barreau est comprise entre 0,2 m et 0,8 m et sa surface externe 107 entre 5x10-3 m2 et 1x10-1 m2 afin de porter une boue circulant à un débit compris entre 5 l/h et 150 l/h à des températures comprises entre 20°C et 300°C.The bar 105 is made for example based on a stainless steel type metal, or surface-treated steel by nickel plating, or bronze whose thermal conductivity is between 15 W / m 2 .K and 200 W / m 2 .K . The length of the bar is between 0.2 m and 0.8 m and its external surface 107 between 5x10 -3 m 2 and 1x10 -1 m 2 to carry a sludge circulating at a flow rate of between 5 l / h and 150 l / h at temperatures between 20 ° C and 300 ° C.

Le barreau 105 est monté rotatif dans le garnissage 99 autour de l'axe longitudinal X-X' de la pompe 65. Compte tenu de la configuration relative des surfaces hélicoïdales interne et externe 103, 107, l'axe central Y-Y' du barreau 105 est décalé latéralement par rapport à l'axe longitudinal X-X' et parallèle à cet axe X-X'.The bar 105 is rotatably mounted in the packing 99 about the longitudinal axis XX 'of the pump 65. Given the relative configuration of the inner and outer helical surfaces 103, 107, the central axis YY' of the bar 105 is shifted laterally with respect to the longitudinal axis XX 'and parallel to this axis X-X'.

Ainsi, lorsque le barreau 105 est entraîné en rotation autour de l'axe longitudinal X-X', son extrémité amont 111 décrit un mouvement circulaire autour de cet axe X-X'. Par ailleurs, lorsque le barreau 105 tourne autour de l'axe X-X' longitudinal, les régions de contact 109 se déplacent vers l'aval et les cavités alvéolaires 77 se déplacent longitudinalement depuis l'ouverture de pompage 93 vers le passage de refoulement 101 de la pompe 65.Thus, when the bar 105 is rotated about the longitudinal axis X-X ', its upstream end 111 describes a circular motion about this axis X-X'. Moreover, when the bar 105 rotates about the longitudinal axis XX ', the contact regions 109 move downstream and the cellular cavities 77 move longitudinally from the pumping opening 93 to the discharge passage 101 of the pump 65.

Lors de ce déplacement, les régions de contact 109 balayent toute la surface interne 103 du garnissage 99 et toute la surface externe 107 du barreau 105, pour permettre le raclage continu des surfaces interne et externe 103 et 107, de sorte que les résidus qui se déposent sur ces surfaces 103 et 107 sont évacués vers le passage de refoulement 101.During this movement, the contact regions 109 scan the entire inner surface 103 of the lining 99 and the entire outer surface 107 of the bar 105, to allow continuous scraping of the inner and outer surfaces 103 and 107, so that the residues which are deposited on these surfaces 103 and 107 are evacuated towards the discharge passage 101.

Les moyens d'entraînement en rotation 79 du rotor 75 comprennent, outre l'arbre d'entraînement 81 du rotor 75, un moteur électrique 121, et des moyens 123 de transmission entre l'arbre d'entraînement 81 et le rotor 75.The rotational drive means 79 of the rotor 75 comprise, in addition to the drive shaft 81 of the rotor 75, an electric motor 121, and means 123 for transmission between the drive shaft 81 and the rotor 75.

Le moteur 121 est disposé à l'extérieur du carter 69. Il comprend un arbre de sortie 125 engrené avec l'arbre d'entraînement 81 pour la mise en rotation de ce dernier.The motor 121 is disposed outside the housing 69. It comprises an output shaft 125 meshing with the drive shaft 81 for the rotation of the latter.

L'arbre d'entraînement 81 est monté rotatif autour de l'axe longitudinal X-X' dans un boîtier 127 creux fixé dans le prolongement axial de l'extrémité amont 83 du carter 69. Des roulements amont 129 sont disposés entre un étranglement 131 du boîtier 127 et l'arbre 81.The drive shaft 81 is rotatably mounted around the longitudinal axis XX 'in a hollow housing 127 fixed in the axial extension of the upstream end 83 of the housing 69. Upstream bearings 129 are disposed between a constriction 131 of the housing 127 and the tree 81.

L'extrémité aval 133 de l'arbre 81 est par ailleurs montée rotative dans le manchon de support 87 du carter 69 par l'intermédiaire d'un roulement aval 135. L'extrémité aval 133 fait saillie dans la chambre d'admission 71 à travers l'ouverture de réception 85. Un joint annulaire (non représenté) assure l'étanchéité entre la collerette annulaire et l'arbre 81.The downstream end 133 of the shaft 81 is also rotatably mounted in the support sleeve 87 of the casing 69 via a downstream bearing 135. The downstream end 133 projects into the inlet chamber 71 at through the receiving opening 85. An annular seal (not shown) seals between the annular flange and the shaft 81.

Les moyens de transmission 123 comprennent une bielle 141 articulée d'une part, à l'extrémité aval 133 de l'arbre d'entraînement 81, et d'autre part, à l'extrémité amont 111 du barreau 105.The transmission means 123 comprise a rod 141 articulated on the one hand, at the downstream end 133 of the drive shaft 81, and on the other hand, at the upstream end 111 of the bar 105.

Les articulations 143 entre la bielle 141 et l'arbre d'entraînement 81 d'une part, et la bielle 141 et le barreau 105 d'autre part, comprennent au moins deux degrés de liberté suivant deux axes perpendiculaires. Ces articulations 143 sont par exemple de type cardan ou rotule pour permettre à l'extrémité amont 111 du barreau 105 de décrire un mouvement sensiblement circulaire dans un plan perpendiculaire à l'axe longitudinal X-X'.The joints 143 between the connecting rod 141 and the drive shaft 81 on the one hand, and the rod 141 and the rod 105 on the other hand, comprise at least two degrees of freedom along two perpendicular axes. These joints 143 are for example cardan type or ball joint to allow the upstream end 111 of the bar 105 to describe a substantially circular movement in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis X-X '.

Les moyens de chauffage 67 comprennent une résistance électrique 151, une source 153 d'alimentation électrique de cette résistance 151 et des moyens 155 de raccordement électrique entre cette source 153 et la résistance 151.The heating means 67 comprise an electrical resistance 151, a source 153 for supplying electrical power to this resistor 151 and means 155 for electrical connection between this source 153 and the resistor 151.

La résistance électrique 151 comprend une cartouche chauffante de forme sensiblement cylindrique disposée dans une cavité 157 de forme conjuguée, ménagée dans le barreau 105. De préférence, la cartouche présente une surface externe comprise entre 2.10-2 m2 et 4.10-2 m2 et une puissance thermique comprise entre 1000 W et 4000 W.The electrical resistance 151 comprises a heating cartridge of substantially cylindrical shape disposed in a cavity 157 of conjugate shape, formed in the bar 105. Preferably, the cartridge presents an outer surface of between 2.10 -2 m 2 and 4.10 -2 m 2 and a thermal power between 1000 W and 4000 W.

La source 153 d'énergie électrique est disposée à l'extérieur du carter 69, au voisinage du moteur 121.The source 153 of electrical energy is disposed outside the housing 69, in the vicinity of the motor 121.

Les moyens 155 de raccordement électrique comprennent des cheminements électriques qui s'étendent entre la résistance 151 et un collecteur tournant 159 de type balai, disposé entre l'arbre de sortie 125 et le moteur 121. Les cheminements s'étendent à travers successivement le rotor 75, la bielle 141, l'arbre d'entraînement 81, et l'arbre de sortie 125.The electrical connection means 155 comprise electrical paths that extend between the resistor 151 and a sweeper type commutator 159 disposed between the output shaft 125 and the motor 121. The paths extend successively through the rotor 75, the connecting rod 141, the drive shaft 81, and the output shaft 125.

Le collecteur tournant 159 est disposé à l'écart de la résistance chauffante 151, ce qui limite son échauffement et assure ainsi son fonctionnement fiable.The rotating manifold 159 is disposed away from the heating resistor 151, which limits its heating and thus ensures its reliable operation.

En référence à la Figure 1, les moyens d'extraction 55 sont par exemple analogues à ceux décrits dans FR 2 799 790. Ils comprennent une enceinte 201, une conduite 203 d'amenée de boue dans l'enceinte 201, une conduite 205 d'évacuation de la boue de l'enceinte 201, des moyens 207 d'introduction d'un gaz vecteur dans l'enceinte 201, et une conduite 209 d'extraction des gaz extraits hors de l'enceinte 201.With reference to FIG. 1, the extraction means 55 are for example similar to those described in FR 2 799 790. They comprise an enclosure 201, a pipe 203 for supplying sludge into the enclosure 201, a pipe 205 of evacuation of the mud from the enclosure 201, the means 207 for introducing a carrier gas into the enclosure 201, and a pipe 209 for extracting the gases extracted from the enclosure 201.

L'enceinte 201 est munie de moyens d'agitation 211.The chamber 201 is provided with stirring means 211.

La conduite d'amenée de boue 203 s'étend entre le passage de refoulement 101 de la pompe 65 et une ouverture d'entrée ménagée dans la partie inférieure de l'enceinte 201.The mud feed pipe 203 extends between the discharge passage 101 of the pump 65 and an inlet opening formed in the lower part of the enclosure 201.

La conduite d'évacuation 205 s'étend entre un passage à débordement ménagé dans une partie supérieure de l'enceinte 201 et un bac de rétention 213 destiné à recevoir les boues évacuées de l'enceinte 201. En variante, le bac 213 est formé par la cuve de réception 46 du tamis vibrant 45.The discharge pipe 205 extends between an overflow passage formed in an upper part of the enclosure 201 and a retention tank 213 intended to receive the sludge discharged from the enclosure 201. As a variant, the tank 213 is formed. by the receiving tank 46 of the vibrating screen 45.

La boue collectée dans le bac de rétention 213 et dans la cuve 46 est recyclée vers les moyens d'injection 43 par une conduite 214 de recirculation de boue.The sludge collected in the retention tank 213 and in the tank 46 is recycled to the injection means 43 by a mud recirculation pipe 214.

Les moyens 207 d'introduction d'un gaz vecteur dans l'enceinte 201 comprennent une prise d'air ou d'un gaz neutre débouchant dans l'enceinte 201.The means 207 for introducing a carrier gas into the enclosure 201 comprise an air intake or a neutral gas opening into the chamber 201.

La conduite d'extraction 209 s'étend entre une ouverture d'extraction ménagée dans la partie supérieure de l'enceinte 201 et les moyens d'analyse 57. Elle comprend une ligne de transport 215 et des moyens d'aspiration 217.The extraction pipe 209 extends between an extraction opening formed in the upper part of the enclosure 201 and the analysis means 57. It comprises a transport line 215 and suction means 217.

Les moyens d'analyse 57 comprennent une instrumentation permettant la détection et la quantification d'un ou plusieurs gaz extraits.The analysis means 57 comprise an instrumentation enabling the detection and quantification of one or more extracted gases.

Le fonctionnement de l'ensemble d'analyse selon l'invention lors du forage d'un puits va maintenant être décrit comme exemple.The operation of the analysis assembly according to the invention during the drilling of a well will now be described as an example.

Lors d'une phase de forage, l'outil de forage 15 est entraîné en rotation par l'installation de surface 41. Un liquide de forage est introduit dans l'espace intérieur 35 de la garniture de forage 29 par les moyens d'injection 43. Ce liquide descend jusqu'à la tête de forage 27, et passe dans le conduit de forage 13 à travers la tête de forage 27. Ce liquide refroidit et lubrifie les moyens de perçage 33. Puis, le liquide collecte les déblais solides résultant du forage et remonte par l'espace annulaire défini entre la garniture de forage 29 et les parois du conduit de forage 13, puis est évacué par la conduite de vidange.During a drilling phase, the drilling tool 15 is rotated by the surface installation 41. A drilling liquid is introduced into the interior space 35 of the drill string 29 by the injection means 43. This liquid descends to the drill head 27, and passes through the drill pipe 13 through the drill head 27. This liquid cools and lubricates the drilling means 33. Then, the liquid collects the resulting solid cuttings drilling and up through the annular space defined between the drill string 29 and the walls of the drill pipe 13, and is discharged through the drain line.

En référence à la Figure 2, le moteur 121 est alors activé pour entraîner en rotation l'arbre d'entraînement 81 autour de l'axe longitudinal X-X'. Le mouvement de rotation de l'arbre d'entraînement 81 est transmis au rotor 75 via les moyens de transmission 123.With reference to FIG. 2, the motor 121 is then activated to rotate the drive shaft 81 about the longitudinal axis X-X '. The rotational movement of the drive shaft 81 is transmitted to the rotor 75 via the transmission means 123.

Le déplacement relatif du rotor 75 par rapport au stator 73 provoque le déplacement des régions de contact 109 et par suite, le déplacement des cavités alvéolaires 77 depuis l'ouverture aval 93 vers le passage de refoulement 101.The relative displacement of the rotor 75 relative to the stator 73 causes the displacement of the contact regions 109 and consequently the displacement of the cellular cavities 77 from the downstream opening 93 towards the discharge passage 101.

La source d'alimentation électrique 153 est activée. Cette source 153 alimente la résistance électrique 151 via les moyens de raccordement 155. La résistance 151 est portée à une température comprise entre 50°C et 300°C à sa surface.The power source 153 is activated. This source 153 supplies the electrical resistance 151 via the connection means 155. The resistor 151 is brought to a temperature of between 50 ° C. and 300 ° C. at its surface.

La pompe est auto-amorçante, de sorte que la boue est continûment prélevée dans la conduite de vidange 25 ou dans la cuve 46 par les moyens de prélèvement 51, puis convoyée par aspiration à travers la tubulure de prélèvement 61 jusqu'à la chambre d'admission 71. La boue pénètre ensuite dans une cavité 77 adjacente à l'ouverture de pompage 93, puis est pompée par le déplacement vers l'aval de cette cavité 77 jusqu'au passage de refoulement 101.The pump is self-priming, so that the sludge is continuously collected in the drain line 25 or in the tank 46 by the sampling means 51, and then sucked through the sampling pipe 61 to the chamber The sludge then enters a cavity 77 adjacent to the pumping opening 93, and is then pumped by the downstream displacement of this cavity 77 to the discharge passage 101.

Lors du passage de la boue dans la cavité 77, la chaleur émise par la résistance électrique 151 est transmise à la boue par conduction à travers le barreau métallique 105, puis par convection au niveau de la surface externe 107. La température qui règne au niveau de la surface externe du barreau est par exemple comprise entre 50°C et 300C.During the passage of the sludge in the cavity 77, the heat emitted by the electrical resistance 151 is transmitted to the sludge by conduction through the metal bar 105, then by convection at the outer surface 107. The temperature that prevails at the outer surface of the bar is for example between 50 ° C and 300C.

La boue est ainsi portée à la température désirée, par exemple comprise entre 70 °C et 120 °C, lors de son passage dans la pompe 65.The sludge is thus brought to the desired temperature, for example between 70 ° C. and 120 ° C., as it passes through the pump 65.

Grâce à la surface d'échange élevée entre la boue et le rotor 75, la différence de température entre la surface externe 107 du rotor 75 et la boue est minimisée, ce qui permet de diminuer notablement l'encrassement de cette surface 107.Thanks to the high exchange surface between the sludge and the rotor 75, the temperature difference between the outer surface 107 of the rotor 75 and the sludge is minimized, which significantly reduces the fouling of this surface 107.

La boue est ensuite convoyée jusqu'à l'enceinte 201 à travers la conduite d'admission 203. Les moyens d'agitation 211 sont activés pour extraire les gaz contenus dans la boue.The sludge is then conveyed to the chamber 201 through the inlet pipe 203. The stirring means 211 are activated to extract the gases contained in the sludge.

Les gaz extraits sont prélevés par la conduite 209 et sont convoyés par aspiration jusqu'aux moyens d'analyse 57 où ils sont qualifiés et quantifiés.The extracted gases are taken by line 209 and are conveyed by aspiration to the analysis means 57 where they are qualified and quantified.

Dans l'ensemble d'analyse 19 selon l'invention, il n'est plus nécessaire de prévoir un nettoyage périodique des moyens de chauffage 67 lors du forage, ce qui améliore considérablement la fiabilité de l'analyse des gaz contenus dans la boue de forage.In the analysis assembly 19 according to the invention, it is no longer necessary to provide periodic cleaning of the heating means 67 during drilling, which considerably improves the reliability of the analysis of the gases contained in the sludge. drilling.

En variante, un dispositif de régulation thermique (non représenté) régule la puissance électrique délivrée à la résistance électrique 151 pour commander la température de sortie de la boue, prise au niveau du passage de refoulement 101 ou dans l'enceinte 201.Alternatively, a thermal control device (not shown) regulates the electrical power delivered to the electrical resistance 151 to control the outlet temperature of the sludge, taken at the discharge passage 101 or in the enclosure 201.

Dans une deuxième variante illustrée par la Figure 3, une enveloppe 301 d'isolation thermique est disposée autour du stator 73, pour diminuer les pertes thermiques au sein de la pompe 65 et ainsi augmenter l'efficacité du chauffage dans cette pompe 65.In a second variant illustrated in FIG. 3, a thermal insulation envelope 301 is placed around the stator 73, in order to reduce the thermal losses within the pump 65 and thus to increase the efficiency of the heating in this pump 65.

Dans une troisième variante non représentée, le barreau hélicoïdal 105 est fixe par rapport au carter 69 et l'ensemble 73 constitué par la garniture 99 et l'enveloppe 97 est mobile en rotation autour de l'axe longitudinal X-X'. Cet ensemble 73 est, dans ce cas, pourvu de moyens d'entraînement en rotation.In a third variant not shown, the helical bar 105 is fixed relative to the housing 69 and the assembly 73 constituted by the gasket 99 and the casing 97 is rotatable about the longitudinal axis X-X '. This assembly 73 is, in this case, provided with rotating drive means.

Dans cette variante, les moyens de raccordement électrique 155 sont dépourvus de collecteur tournant 159 puisque le barreau 105 est fixe.In this variant, the electrical connection means 155 are devoid of a rotating manifold 159 since the bar 105 is fixed.

Dans une quatrième variante, la dimension transversale maximale des cavités de pompage est augmentée pour recevoir des débris rocheux de tailles plus élevée.In a fourth variant, the maximum transverse dimension of the pumping cavities is increased to accommodate larger sized rock debris.

Dans une cinquième variante, la résistance électrique 151 est disposée dans le stator 73.In a fifth variant, the electrical resistance 151 is disposed in the stator 73.

Grâce à l'invention qui vient d'être décrite, il est possible de disposer d'un dispositif de préparation d'une boue de forage, en vue de l'extraction des gaz de cette boue, qui porte la boue à une température déterminée, tout en limitant l'encrassement dans le dispositif.Thanks to the invention which has just been described, it is possible to have a device for preparing a drilling mud, for the purpose of extracting gases from this sludge, which carries the sludge to a predetermined temperature. , while limiting the fouling in the device.

La fiabilité de l'analyse des gaz contenus dans une boue de forage extraite d'une installation munie d'un ensemble d'analyse selon l'invention est donc notablement augmentée par ce dispositif.The reliability of the analysis of the gases contained in a drilling mud extracted from an installation provided with an analysis assembly according to the invention is therefore significantly increased by this device.

Par ailleurs, ce dispositif permet d'augmenter la température à laquelle la boue est portée avant l'extraction des gaz, sans générer d'encrassement substantiel du dispositif, grâce au raclage continu des cavités de pompage. Le rendement d'extraction des gaz contenus dans la boue est donc amélioré et la sensibilité de l'analyse est accrue.Moreover, this device makes it possible to increase the temperature at which the sludge is carried before the extraction of the gases, without generating substantial fouling of the device, thanks to the continuous scraping of the pumping cavities. The extraction efficiency of the gases contained in the sludge is thus improved and the sensitivity of the analysis is increased.

Ce dispositif limite en outre l'encombrement de l'ensemble d'analyse disposé en zone explosive, au voisinage du puits.This device also limits the bulk of the analysis assembly disposed in an explosive zone, in the vicinity of the well.

Le dispositif est par ailleurs adaptable à d'autres types de pompes, par exemple à une pompe à piston.The device is also adaptable to other types of pumps, for example to a piston pump.

Plus généralement, le dispositif s'applique au pompage et au chauffage simultané d'autres fluides thermosensibles comme par exemple du lait.More generally, the device is applicable to the simultaneous pumping and heating of other heat-sensitive fluids such as milk.

Claims (11)

Dispositif (53) de préparation d'un fluide, notamment d'une boue de forage, du type comprenant : - une pompe (65), comportant au moins un élément fixe (73) et au moins un élément mobile (75) par rapport à l'élément fixe (73), ces éléments (73, 75) délimitant au moins une cavité de pompage (77) ; et - des moyens de chauffage du fluide (151) ; caractérisé en ce que les moyens de chauffage (151) sont appliqués à l'un au moins des élément fixe (73) et élément mobile (75) pour chauffer ledit élément (75).Device (53) for preparing a fluid, in particular a drilling mud, of the type comprising: - a pump (65), comprising at least one fixed element (73) and at least one movable element (75) relative to the fixed element (73), these elements (73, 75) delimiting at least one pumping cavity (77); and means for heating the fluid (151); characterized in that the heating means (151) is applied to at least one of the fixed member (73) and movable member (75) for heating said member (75). Dispositif (53) selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la cavité de pompage (77) est délimitée par au moins deux surfaces mobiles (103, 107) localement en contact, le déplacement de l'élément mobile (75) par rapport à l'élément fixe (73) provoquant le déplacement relatif desdites surfaces (103, 107) localement en contact l'une par rapport à l'autre, pour assurer le raclage desdites surfaces (103, 107).Device (53) according to claim 1, characterized in that the pumping cavity (77) is delimited by at least two movable surfaces (103, 107) locally in contact, the displacement of the movable element (75) relative to the fixed member (73) causing the relative displacement of said surfaces (103,107) locally in contact with each other to scrape said surfaces (103,107). Dispositif (53) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'un desdits élément fixe (73) et élément mobile (75) est un élément femelle (73) délimitant une cavité, et l'autre desdits élément fixe (73) et élément mobile (75) est un élément mâle (75) disposé dans l'élément femelle (73).Device (53) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that one of said fixed element (73) and movable element (75) is a female element (73) delimiting a cavity, and the other of said fixed element (73) and movable member (75) is a male member (75) disposed in the female member (73). Dispositif (53) selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que les moyens de chauffage (151) sont disposés dans l'élément mâle (75).Device (53) according to claim 3, characterized in that the heating means (151) are arranged in the male element (75). Dispositif (53) selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que les moyens de chauffage (151) sont disposés dans l'élément femelle (73).Device (53) according to claim 3, characterized in that the heating means (151) are arranged in the female element (73). Dispositif (53) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 3 à 5 caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend une enveloppe (301) d'isolation thermique disposée autour de l'élément femelle (73).Device (53) according to any one of claims 3 to 5 characterized in that it comprises a casing (301) of thermal insulation disposed around the female element (73). Dispositif (53) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 3 à 6 caractérisé en ce que l'élément femelle (73) présente une surface interne (103) de forme sensiblement hélicoïdale, l'élément mâle (75) présentant une surface externe (107) de forme sensiblement hélicoïdale, lesdites surfaces interne (103) et externe (107) délimitant une pluralité de cavités de pompage (77) disjointes.Device (53) according to any one of claims 3 to 6 characterized in that the female element (73) has an inner surface (103) of substantially helical shape, the male element (75) having an outer surface (107) ) of substantially helical shape, said inner (103) and outer (107) surfaces delimiting a plurality of disjoint pumping cavities (77). Dispositif (53) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'élément mobile (75) est monté rotatif autour d'un axe (X-X') de rotation et en ce qu'il comprend des moyens (79) d'entraînement en rotation de l'élément mobile (75) par rapport à l'élément fixe (73) autour de l'axe de rotation (X-X').Device (53) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the movable element (75) is rotatably mounted about an axis (X-X ') of rotation and in that it comprises means ( 79) for rotating the movable element (75) with respect to the fixed element (73) around the axis of rotation (X-X '). Dispositif (53) selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que les moyens de chauffage (151) sont disposés dans l'élément mobile (75) et sont raccordés électriquement à une source d'énergie électrique (153) à travers les moyens d'entraînement en rotation (121).Device (53) according to claim 8, characterized in that the heating means (151) are arranged in the movable element (75) and are electrically connected to a source of electrical energy (153) through the means of rotation drive (121). Procédé de préparation d'un fluide, notamment d'une boue de forage, du type comprenant les étapes de : - pompage du fluide entre une entrée d'admission (91) d'une pompe (65) et une sortie de refoulement (101) de la pompe (65), la pompe (65) comportant au moins un élément fixe (73) et au moins un élément mobile (75) par rapport à l'élément fixe (73), ces éléments (73, 75) délimitant au moins une cavité de pompage (77) ; et - chauffage du fluide par des moyens de chauffage (151) ; caractérisé en ce que le chauffage du fluide est assuré par contact de ce fluide avec une surface (107) d'un au moins des élément fixe (73) et élément mobile (75) de la pompe (65), cette surface (107) étant chauffée par les moyens de chauffage (151).A method for preparing a fluid, particularly a drilling mud, of the type comprising the steps of: pumping the fluid between an inlet (91) of a pump (65) and a discharge outlet (101) of the pump (65), the pump (65) comprising at least one fixed element (73) and at least one movable element (75) with respect to the fixed element (73), these elements (73, 75) delimiting at least one pumping cavity (77); and heating the fluid by heating means (151); characterized in that the fluid is heated by contacting said fluid with a surface (107) of at least one of the stationary member (73) and movable member (75) of the pump (65), said surface (107) being heated by the heating means (151). Ensemble d'analyse (51, 53, 55, 57) d'au moins un gaz contenu dans un fluide, notamment une boue de forage, circulant dans un conduit (25), caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend : - des moyens (51) de prélèvement du fluide dans ledit conduit (25) ; - un dispositif (53) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 9, une entrée d'admission (91) de la pompe (65) étant reliée aux moyens de prélèvement (51) ; - des moyens (55) d'extraction du gaz contenu dans le fluide, raccordés à une sortie de refoulement (101) de la pompe (65) ; et - des moyens (57) d'analyse des gaz extraits. Analysis assembly (51, 53, 55, 57) of at least one gas contained in a fluid, in particular a drilling mud, circulating in a conduit (25), characterized in that it comprises: means (51) for sampling the fluid in said conduit (25); - A device (53) according to one of claims 1 to 9, an inlet inlet (91) of the pump (65) being connected to the sampling means (51); means (55) for extracting the gas contained in the fluid, connected to a delivery outlet (101) of the pump (65); and means (57) for analyzing the extracted gases.
EP05292102A 2004-10-11 2005-10-10 Device for preparing a fluid, in particular a drilling fluid, method of preparation and associated system for analysis Withdrawn EP1645718A3 (en)

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FR0410692A FR2876424B1 (en) 2004-10-11 2004-10-11 DEVICE FOR PREPARING A FLUID, IN PARTICULAR A DRILLING MUD, PREPARATION METHOD AND ANALYSIS ASSEMBLY

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CN101975060A (en) * 2010-10-19 2011-02-16 煤炭科学研究总院重庆研究院 Rapid sampling system of deep hole gas
CN102134976A (en) * 2011-03-04 2011-07-27 中南大学 Tunnel drilling hydraulic power reverse-circulation dual-walled drilling tool
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WO2009090351A1 (en) * 2008-01-18 2009-07-23 Geoservices Equipements Method of analyzing a number of hydrocarbons contained in a drilling fluid, and associated device
RU2451924C2 (en) * 2008-01-18 2012-05-27 Жеосервис Экипман Method of analysing combination of hydrocarbons contained in drilling fluid, and corresponding apparatus
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CN101975060A (en) * 2010-10-19 2011-02-16 煤炭科学研究总院重庆研究院 Rapid sampling system of deep hole gas
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CN102134976A (en) * 2011-03-04 2011-07-27 中南大学 Tunnel drilling hydraulic power reverse-circulation dual-walled drilling tool
EP3426887A4 (en) * 2016-03-11 2019-10-30 Baker Hughes, A Ge Company, Llc Mud pump and vacuum gas extraction system

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Publication number Publication date
EP1645718A3 (en) 2006-12-27
FR2876424A1 (en) 2006-04-14
US20060075801A1 (en) 2006-04-13
FR2876424B1 (en) 2008-04-04
CA2522864C (en) 2013-12-10
CA2522864A1 (en) 2006-04-11

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