EP1638603A1 - Procedes de prevention et de traitement de maladies dues a une reponse inflammatoire induite par la substance p endogene, par l'utilisation d'anticorps anti-substance p - Google Patents

Procedes de prevention et de traitement de maladies dues a une reponse inflammatoire induite par la substance p endogene, par l'utilisation d'anticorps anti-substance p

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Publication number
EP1638603A1
EP1638603A1 EP00902427A EP00902427A EP1638603A1 EP 1638603 A1 EP1638603 A1 EP 1638603A1 EP 00902427 A EP00902427 A EP 00902427A EP 00902427 A EP00902427 A EP 00902427A EP 1638603 A1 EP1638603 A1 EP 1638603A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
substance
subject
antibodies
antibody fragments
administered
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Application number
EP00902427A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Ralph A. Tripp
Larry J. Anderson
Deborah D. Moore
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US Department of Health and Human Services
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US Department of Health and Human Services
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Publication of EP1638603A1 publication Critical patent/EP1638603A1/fr
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K16/00—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
    • C07K16/18—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans
    • C07K16/26—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against hormones ; against hormone releasing or inhibiting factors
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P1/00—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P11/00—Drugs for disorders of the respiratory system
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P19/00—Drugs for skeletal disorders
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P29/00—Non-central analgesic, antipyretic or antiinflammatory agents, e.g. antirheumatic agents; Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs [NSAID]
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P37/00—Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
    • A61K2039/505—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies comprising antibodies
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
    • C07K2317/50—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by immunoglobulin fragments
    • C07K2317/54—F(ab')2

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to methods for preventing and/or treating diseases caused by an inflammatory response mediated by endogenous substance P.
  • the methods comprise the administration to a subject of a pharmaceutically-effective amount of anti-substance P antibodies, or anti-substance P antibody fragments, thereby inhibiting the activity of endogenous substance P.
  • Such inhibition reduces the levels of cytokines produced by T lymphocytes, alters the signals which direct the inflammatory response to the infection, and reduces cytokine-induced inflammation.
  • the present invention especially relates to methods for preventing and treating diseases caused by an inflammatory response to viral or bacterial infections. Moreover, the present invention especially relates to methods for preventing and treating diseases caused by an inflammatory response to respiratory syncytial virus.
  • Inflammation is a localized, protective response of the immune system which is produced to protect a subject from disease. It is elicited by destruction of tissues, foreign substances such as allergens, infectious agents and cells such as viruses and bacteria. The inflammatory response destroys, dilutes or
  • 25 sequesters both the injurious agent and the injured tissue. It is characterized in the acute form by the classical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling and loss of function. Histologically, it involves a complex series of events, including dilatation of arterioles, capillaries and venules, with increased permeability and blood flow, exudation of fluids, including plasma proteins, and leukocytic migration into the
  • T lymphocytes which are products of lymphoid tissue, and their soluble protein products, known as cytokines, participate in humoral and cell-mediated immunity, and mediate the inflammatory response. T lymphocytes can suppress or assist the stimulation of antibody production in the presence of antigen, and can kill tumor and transplant tissue cells.
  • Cytokines made by T lymphocytes such as the intracellular cytokines interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interferon- ⁇ (IFN ⁇ ), function to augment or suppress the immune response, or to change the type of immune response.
  • IL-2 interleukin-2
  • IL-4 interleukin-4
  • IL-6 interleukin-6
  • IFN ⁇ interferon- ⁇
  • the immune-system-mediated inflammatory response can also cause, or contribute to, disease, rather than prevent it.
  • Some diseases, such as those caused by infection by respiratory syncytial virus appear to be caused in part by the inflammatory response.
  • Small molecule anti-inflammatory agents which are currently employed to treat inflammation, disadvantageously have adverse side effects, such as gastrointestinal discomfort and decreased blood clotting efficiency.
  • Steroid-based anti-inflammatory drugs also have adverse side effects, such as reduced adrenal gland function and generalized immune system inhibition.
  • Substance P is a naturally-occurring, endogenously-released, undecapeptide which has multiple sites of action as a major pro-inflammatory neuromediator or neuromodulator, both in the central and peripheral nervous systems.
  • Substance P is known to have regulatory effects upon several cell types present in the immune system, and to regulate the inflammatory response to foreign substances or pathogens by altering the expression of proinflammatory cytokines, which have been implicated in the pathogenesis of different neuropathologies. High levels of substance P have been implicated in the pathogenesis of diseases associated with inflammation.
  • Substance P is also known to modulate the activity of cells affiliated with respiratory inflammation (neutrophils, mast cells and alveolar macrophages).
  • Substance P has the following amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 1 in the Sequence Listing):
  • Neurokinins are a group of structurally-related peptides characterized by a similar C-terminal pentapeptide that interacts with different receptor subtypes. The amidated C-terminal portion of the substance P neuropeptide is responsible for receptor binding (Otsuka et al., "Neurotransmitter Functions of Mammalian-Tachykinins,'' Physiological Reviews 73:229-307 (1993)).
  • Substance P and neurokinin A are widely distributed in the airways and lungs of several species, including humans and guinea pigs.
  • Substance P is known to participate in inflammatory processes, and in the immune response, and appears to be involved in the process of neurogenic inflammation, pain transmission, regulation of blood pressure, inflammation processes and endocrine and exocrine secretion.
  • Substance P has been strongly implicated in the transmission of pain, being coreleased alongside other transmitters and peptides, from small-diameter primary afferents.
  • the primary role of substance P in neurogenic inflammation, smooth muscle contraction, and vasodilation is well established. In the central nervous system, where substance P and its receptors are widely distributed, its functional roles are less clear.
  • substance P and neurokinin A induce a variety of responses, including contraction of bronchial smooth muscle, mucus secretion, vasodilation, extravasation of plasma proteins and recruitment of inflammatory cells.
  • the principal biological activity of these tachykinins resides in their structurally similar carboxyl sequence, ...Phe-X-Gly-Leu-Met-COOH (SEQ ID NO. 2).
  • SEQ ID NO. 2 Several binding experiments have shown that intestinal and vascular substance P receptors bind to the C-terminal pentapeptide of substance P. It has been suggested that the release of endogenous substance P and neurokinin A from pulmonary afferent C-fibers contributes to bronchial obstruction in asthma.
  • Substance P effects its biological activity by ligation with these receptors, and the binding of substance P to its receptors enhances the incorporation of phosphate or inositol into phosphatidylinositol.
  • Substance P, neurokinin A .and neurokinin B appear to exert their biological effects primarily through interactions with three distinct receptors of the neurokinin family, named neurokinin receptor- 1 (NK1), neurokinin receptor-2 (NK2) and neurokinin receptor-3 (NK3), respectively.
  • NK1 neurokinin receptor- 1
  • NK2 neurokinin receptor-2
  • NK3 neurokinin receptor-3
  • Substance P affects antibody synthesis, or promotes cytokine production, through NK1 receptors which are well- characterized on T- and B-lymphocytes, monocytes and astrocytes, and possibly also via nonneurokinin receptors. While substance P preferentially binds to the NK1 receptor, its binding is not limited to this receptor. Further, the cationic, amphiphilic nature of the substance P molecule allows it to bypass the NK1 receptor and insert itself into the cell membrane, where it can directly interact with proteins. Thus, any inflammation-reduction therapy which targets the NK1 receptors (i.e., the use of compound or antibody NK1 receptor antagonists) will not fully inhibit the substance P pathway of inflammation, or be effective in preventing the pro-inflammatory actions of substance P.
  • NK1 receptors which are well- characterized on T- and B-lymphocytes, monocytes and astrocytes, and possibly also via nonneurokinin receptors.
  • substance P preferentially binds to the NK1 receptor
  • Respiratory Syncytial Virus is one example of an agent which causes an infection which, in turn, often results in a disease produced by an inflammatory response to the infection that may be mediated by endogenous substance P.
  • the immune response to respiratory syncytial virus infection is characterized by the enhanced production of cytokines, increased levels of substance P, and bronchial inflammation.
  • Respiratory syncytial virus is the most important cause of pneumonia and bronchiolitis in infants, and can result in death.
  • the only available treatment for respiratory syncytial virus is ribavirin, a purine nucleoside analog which inhibits the replication of a wide range of RNA and DNA viruses, and which has many disadvantages.
  • ribavirin antagonizes the activity of the antiviral agent zidovudine against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), the causative agent of AIDS.
  • HBV-1 human immunodeficiency virus type 1
  • ribavirin causes anemia due to extravascular hemolysis and suppression of the bone marrow.
  • ribavirin is mutagenic in small animals, and the oral bioavailability of ribavirin is only about 45 percent.
  • the long-term oral therapy of ribavirin is associated with both gastrointestinal and adverse symptoms in the central nervous system.
  • the present invention provides an effective and convenient method for preventing and treating diseases caused by an inflammatory response to a variety of conditions that is mediated by substance P comprising inhibiting the activity of endogenous substance P with anti-substance P antibodies and/or anti- substance P antibody fragments.
  • the data presented in the examples set forth below show that the inhibition of the biological activity of substance P with anti-substance P F(ab) 2 antibody fragments reduces the production of cytokines by T lymphocytes, thereby altering the signals which direct the inflammatory response to an infection caused by respiratory syncytial virus, and reducing potential cytokine-induced inflammation.
  • blocking the activity of endogenous substance P can potentially be employed to prevent or treat a wide variety of diseases or syndromes caused in whole or part by an inflammatory response mediated by substance P.
  • diseases or syndromes include, by way of nonlimiting example, diseases ascribable to viral or bacterial infection such as infections associated with inflammatory bowel disease, virus-mediated bronchiolitis including that mediated by respiratory syncytial virus, bacterial colitis, inflammation associated with chlamydial diseases, lung injury associated with staphylococcal enterotoxin B, inflammation due to cytomegalovirus or hepatitis B virus, and sepsis, allergic diseases such as asthma, autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, pancreatitis, and inflammation associated with multiple sclerosis, and rejection of allografts and other transplanted tissues or organs.
  • the prevention, reduction or elimination of the substance P-mediated inflammatory response can also be used to prevent adverse effects which may otherwise result from tissue or organ transplantation.
  • anti-substance P antibodies or anti-substance P antibody fragments
  • administration of anti-substance P antibodies, or anti-substance P antibody fragments, to a subject to inhibit the activity of endogenous substance P is preferential to the administration of substance P NK1 receptor antagonists to the subject because, unlike substance P NK1 receptor antagonists, anti-substance P antibodies and anti-substance P antibody fragments inhibit the activity of substance P without receptor ligation, and before the substance P can cross the cell membrane in a receptor-independent manner.
  • Cytokine Networks, Inc. and IDEC Pharmaceuticals are apparently developing products based on anti-macrophage inhibitory factor antibody technology.
  • the inhibition of the cytokine macrophage inhibitory factor may represent a novel approach to the management of a variety of acute and chronic inflammatory diseases (Printout of company press release dated September 9, 1997, provided and copyrighted by Business Wire Health Wire as downloaded from http://biz.yahoo.com/bw/97/03/09/idph_y000_l.html).
  • U.S. Patent No. 5,688,806 describes spirocyclic piperidine derivatives which are stated to be substance P receptor antagonists. Such compounds were used in the treatment and prevention of inflammatory and central nervous system disorders. Jafarian et al., "Passive Immunization with an Anti-Substance P Antibody Prevents Substance P- and Neurokinin A-Induced Bronchospasm in Anesthetized Guinea Pigs," Life Sciences 57:143-153 (1995), describe experiments to determine whether the intravenous administration of a monoclonal IgG-type anti-substance P antibody derived from the rat-mouse hybridoma NCl/34 to guinea pigs would alter pulmonary responses to endogenous substance P and neurokinin A.
  • Piccioli et al. "Neuroantibodies: Ectopic Expression of A Recombinant Anti- Substance P Antibody in the Central Nervous System of Transgenic Mice," Neuron 15:373-384 (1995), describe the generation of transgenic mice that express recombinant antibodies against substance P under the control of the promoter of the neuronal vg gene.
  • the anti-substance P transgenic antibodies were stated to be effective in competing with endogenous substance P, as demonstrated by a marked inhibition of neurogenic inflammation by the antibodies in mice after neurogenic inflammation in the mice was produced by the application of mustard oil to the skin of the mice.
  • the present invention provides effective and convenient methods for preventing or treating diseases in a subject caused by an inflammatory response mediated by endogenous substance P, especially a response to a viral or bacterial infection.
  • the methods comprise administering to a subject a pharmaceutically- effective amount of anti-substance P antibodies, or anti-substance P antibody fragments, thereby inhibiting the activity of endogenous substance P in the subject.
  • a pharmaceutically- effective amount of anti-substance P antibodies, or anti-substance P antibody fragments thereby inhibiting the activity of endogenous substance P in the subject.
  • anti-substance P antibodies, or anti-substance P antibody fragments per kilogram of body weight per day are administered to a mammalian subject, with from about 1 mg to about 1 g of anti-substance P antibodies, or anti- substance P antibody fragments, per kilogram of body weight per day being preferred.
  • the methods of the present invention are particularly useful for preventing and treating diseases caused by an inflammatory response to an infection by respiratory syncytial virus .
  • FIG. 1 is a graph for the amount of substance P present in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid obtained from the lungs of B ALB/c mice which had been infected with respiratory syncytial virus versus the number of days post-infection. This graph is derived from the data from Example 1.
  • FIG. 2 shows a graph which plots the stimulation index in mean counts per minute (cpm) of stimulated cells over the mean counts per minute of unstimulated cultures for intact, CD4 + and CD8 + T lymphocytes which were stimulated with concanavalin, with or without the addition of various concentrations of substance P (in concentrations ranging from 10" 5 M to 10 "9 M), or which were left unstimulated in tissue culture medium, on the vertical axis, and the type of treatment on the horizontal axis, for the experiments described in Example 2.
  • TCM indicates cells which were left unstimulated in tissue culture medium
  • CA indicates stimulation with concanavalin
  • open bars indicate intact T lymphocytes
  • black/white bars indicate CD4 + T lymphocytes
  • solid bars indicate CD8 + T lymphocytes.
  • FIG. 3 shows a graph which plots the stimulation index of intact, CD4 + and CD8 + T lymphocytes which were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide, with or without the addition of various concentrations of substance P (in concentrations ranging from 10 "5 M to 10 "9 M), or were left unstimulated in tissue culture medium, on the vertical axis, and the type of treatment on the horizontal axis, for the experiments described in Example 2.
  • TCM indicates cells which were left unstimulated in tissue culture medium
  • LPS indicates stimulation with lipopolysaccharide
  • open bars indicate intact T lymphocytes
  • black/white bars indicate CD4 + T lymphocytes
  • solid bars indicate CD8 + T lymphocytes.
  • FIG. 4 shows a graph which plots the percent of intracellular (IC) cytokines produced by T lymphocytes in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid of B ALB/c mice infected with respiratory syncytial virus collected 18 hours after the mice were treated with rabbit anti-substance P F(ab) 2 antibody fragments on the vertical axis, and the type of intracellular cytokine examined (CD3 + /IL-2, CD3 + /IL-4, CD3 + /IL-5, CD3 + /IL-6 and CD3 + /IFN ⁇ ) on the horizontal axis.
  • This graph is based on the experiments described in Example 3.
  • FIG. 4 shows a graph which plots the percent of intracellular (IC) cytokines produced by T lymphocytes in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid of B ALB/c mice infected with respiratory syncytial virus collected 18 hours after the mice were treated with rabbit anti-substance P F(ab) 2 antibody fragments on
  • BAL indicates bronchoalveolar lavage fluid
  • diagonally stripped bars indicate 2 ⁇ g of anti-substance P antibody fragment
  • open bars indicate 20 ⁇ g of anti-substance P antibody fragment
  • open with black horizontal cross-hatching bars indicate 200 ⁇ g of anti-substance P antibody fragment
  • solid bars indicate treatment with 200 ⁇ g of normal rabbit Ig (nig) antibody
  • solid with white horizontal cross-hatching bars indicate no treatment (SHAM).
  • FIG. 5 shows a graph which plots the percent of intracellular cytokines produced by T lymphocytes in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of B ALB/c mice infected with respiratory syncytial virus collected 36 hours after the mice were treated with rabbit anti-substance P F(ab) 2 antibody fragments on the vertical axis, and the type of intracellular cytokine examined on the horizontal axis, for the experiments described in Example 3.
  • the abbreviations and symbols appearing in FIG. 5 are defined in the same manner as for FIG. 4.
  • anti-substance P antibody means any polyclonal or monoclonal antibody which inhibits the action of substance P. Such antibodies may be obtained from any species. They include, for example, monoclonal anti-substance P antibodies obtained from a mouse B cell hybridoma. In general, any class and subclass of antibody is effective in the present invention.
  • anti-substance P antibody fragment means a portion of an anti-substance P antibody, as defined hereinabove, which is of a sufficient size and conformation to inhibit the action of substance P, and includes F(ab) 2 fragments of the antibody, wherein Fab represents the antigen binding Fragment.
  • F(ab) 2 fragments are obtained by digestion of an immunoglobulin with pepsin.
  • Fab fragments conversely, are obtained by digestion of an immunoglobulin with papain. Both F(ab) 2 fragments and Fab fragments may be used to inhibit substance P.
  • An advantage of using Fab and (Fab) 2 fragments is that they do not have the Fc fragment of the immunoglobulin molecule, and therefore will not bind to the Fc receptor present on some cells.
  • bind means the well-understood interaction or other nonrandom association between antibodies, or antibody fragments, and antigens.
  • the abbreviation "i.n.” means that anti-substance P antibodies, or anti-substance P antibody fragments, were administered intranasally.
  • the abbreviation "i.p.” means that anti-substance P antibodies, or anti- substance P antibody fragments, were administered intraperitoneally.
  • the abbreviation “i.v.” means that anti-substance P antibodies, or anti-substance P antibody fragments, were administered intravenously.
  • parenteral administration and “administered parenterally” as used herein mean modes of administration other than enteral administration, usually by injection, and includes, without limitation, intraarterial, intraarticulare, intracapsular, intracardiac, intradermal, intramuscular, intraorbital, intraperitoneal, intraspinal, intrasternal, intrathecal, intravenous, subcutaneous, subcuticular, subarachnoid, subcapsular, and transtracheal injection and infusion.
  • inflammation-related diseases means a disease or disorder which is caused in part or entirely by an inflammatory response in a subject due to a variety of diseases or syndromes, wherein the inflammatory response may be produced in part or entirely by the activity of substance P, and wherein the disease or disorder may be prevented or treated by inhibiting in part of whole the activity of substance P.
  • viral or bacterial pathogenic agents, or conditions, that induce an inflammatory response include, by way of nonlimiting example, respiratory syncytial virus, cytomegalovirus-associated allograft rejection, hepatitis B virus and chronic hepatitis, viruses that induce T cell activation, staphylococcal enterotoxin B, bacterial superantigens, bacterial endotoxin, bacterial sepsis, cardiopulmonary bypass, and multiple sclerosis lesions.
  • phrases "pharmaceutically acceptable” is employed herein to refer to those compounds, materials, compositions, and/or dosage forms which are, within the scope of sound medical judgement, suitable for use in contact with the fluids and tissues of subjects without excessive toxicity, irritation, allergic response, or other problem, complication, or undesirable biological effect, and without interacting in a deleterious manner with other components which may be present in a pharmaceutical composition containing such components, materials, compositions and/or dosage forms commensurate with a reasonable benefit/risk ratio.
  • pharmaceutical carrier means a pharmaceutically- acceptable material, composition or vehicle, such as a liquid or solid filler, diluent, excipient, solvent or encapsulating material, involved in carrying or transporting an active agent, such as anti-substance P antibodies, or anti-substance P antibody fragments, from one organ, or portion of a subject's body, to another organ, or portion of a subject's body.
  • an active agent such as anti-substance P antibodies, or anti-substance P antibody fragments
  • materials which can serve as pharmaceutical carriers include: (1) sugars, such as lactose, glucose and sucrose; (2) starches, such as corn starch and potato starch; (3) cellulose, and its derivatives, such as sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose and cellulose acetate; (4) powdered tragacanth; (5) malt; (6) gelatin; (7) talc; (8) excipients, such as cocoa butter and suppository waxes; (9) oils, such as peanut oil, cottonseed oil, safflower oil, sesame oil, olive oil, corn oil, and soybean oil; (10) glycols, such as propylene glycol; (11) polyols, such as glycerin, sorbitol, mannitol, and polyethylene glycol; (12) esters, such as ethyl oleate and ethyl laurate; (13) agar; (14) buffering agents, such as magnesium hydroxide and aluminum hydroxide;
  • the term "purified" in relation to anti-substance P antibodies and anti-substance P antibody fragments means that the anti-substance P antibodies and anti-substance P antibody fragments are of sufficient purity so that they may be employed, and will function properly, in the methods of the present invention, as well as in clinical, diagnostic, experimental or other procedures. Many procedures are known by those of ordinary skill in the art for purifying antibodies and antibody fragments prior to their use in other procedures.
  • the term "purified” as used herein in relation to substance P means that the substance P is of sufficient purity so that it may bind with antibodies, or antibody fragments, which have the ability to bind with substance P.
  • the term "subject” includes humans and animals, particularly mammals.
  • pharmaceutically-effective amount means that amount of anti-substance P antibodies, or anti-substance P antibody fragments, which is effective for inhibiting the activity of at least some endogenous substance P, and which is effective for preventing an inflammation-related disease, as defined hereinabove, for treating an inflammation-related disease, as defined hereinabove (i.e., for eliminating the disease from the subject, or for reducing the effects of the disease in the subject), or for producing some other desired therapeutic effect in a subject, at a reasonable benefit/risk ratio applicable to any medical treatment.
  • the anti-substance P antibodies, and anti-substance P antibody fragments may be employed in the methods of the invention in pharmaceutically-effective amounts to prevent, or treat, inflammation- related diseases in a subject.
  • the anti-substance P antibodies, and anti-substance P antibody fragments which may be employed in the methods of the present invention, have the ability to inhibit the action of endogenous substance P, for example, by binding to an epitope present on substance P and blocking substance P binding to cellular receptors for substance P, thereby preventing substance P from binding to such receptors, and exhibiting biological activity (i.e., neutralization of the substance P peptide by the antibodies, or antibody fragments).
  • the antibodies which may be employed in the methods of the invention may be polyclonal or monoclonal, and the antibody fragments which may be employed in these methods may be derived from polyclonal or monoclonal antibodies.
  • Polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies may be prepared by methods which are well-known by those of skill in the art. See, for example, Harlow and Lane, Antibodies; A
  • polyclonal antibodies For the production of polyclonal antibodies, purified substance P can be injected into an animal in an amount, and in intervals, sufficient to elicit an immune response (i.e., the production of antibodies against the substance P). Such polyclonal antibodies can be obtained from the animal by standard methods, and purified directly by well-known methods.
  • Monoclonal antibodies are generally preferred, however, due to their highly specific nature for a particular epitope on an antigen.
  • spleen cells can be removed from an animal which has been injected several times over a period of time with an amount of substance P which is sufficient to elicit an immune response in the animal, fused with an immortal cell line (rapidly-dividing myeloma cells), placed into wells, grown, and screened for the production of monoclonal antibodies to a particular epitope present on substance P.
  • an immortal cell line rapidly-dividing myeloma cells
  • substance P and neurokinin A have a structurally similar carboxyl sequence, in order to increase the specificity of antibodies generated against substance P (the ability of the antibodies to bind to substance P, but not to neurokinin A), and antibody fragments thereof, it is preferable to generate the antibodies against the N- terminal portion of the substance P amino acid sequence, rather than against the C- terminal portion of the sequence. It is preferable that the antibodies, and antibody fragments, employed in the methods of the invention do not cross react with the related peptides neurokinin A and neurokinin B, so that their binding occurs with epitopes present on endogenous or exogenous substance P, and not with epitopes present on neurokinin A or neurokinin B.
  • ELISA enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays
  • IF A immunofluorescence assays
  • radioimmuno assays immunoelectrophoreses
  • Jafarian et al., supra. describe an inhibition assay which was employed to estimate the relative affinities of an anti-substance P monoclonal antibody derived from the rat-mouse heterohybridoma NCl/34 for substance P, neurokinin A and calcitonin gene-related peptide.
  • the ability of particular antibodies, or antibody fragments, to bind with substance P may be determined by contacting a fluid, solid or other medium which contains substance P with purified antibodies, or antibody fragments, and detecting the presence of binding between the antibodies, or antibody fragments, and the substance P. The presence of binding indicates the ability of the antibodies, or antibody fragments, to bind with the substance P.
  • the antibodies, or antibody fragments, employed in the methods of the invention will be specific for substance P (i.e., they will bind to an epitope present on substance P which is not common to other related proteins, or to other molecules, and will bind with a higher affinity to substance P than to other antigens).
  • the various epitopes which may be present on substance P, and with which an antibody, or antibody fragment, may bind, can be readily determined using the well- known techniques of epitope mapping and conformational dependency analysis.
  • the activity of a particular antibody or antibody fragment produced may be determined by its ability to inhibit the action of substance P.
  • At least two methods are available for determining inhibitory effectiveness of an antibody or antibody fragment.
  • anti-substance P antibodies or fragments may be tested in vitro for their ability to inhibit substance P by examining the dose-response effect of adding the antibody or fragment to cultures of lymphocytes, such as peripheral blood lymphocytes.
  • a flow cytometer Using a flow cytometer, one could then readily assess whether there was an inhibition of intracellular cytokines at various time-points after treatment.
  • one may administer one or more pharmacological doses of an anti- substance P antibody in vivo in a mouse model, either locally or systemically, to inhibit the actions of substance P. Inhibition of substance P would result in an inhibition or change in the type of inflammatory response.
  • Quantitating levels of proinflammatory cytokines in inflammatory cells could assess a change in the type of inflammatory response.
  • additional assays for substance P or the cytokines whose levels it modulates may be performed by methods such as Western blot analysis, ELISA, affinity chromatography, immunoprecipitation, competitive inhibition analysis, and the like.
  • a mouse may be infected with an inflammation-producing pathogen.
  • the procedures outlined above may be applied to evaluate the ability to prevent (if administered before infection) or treat (if administered after infection) the inflammation associated with the pathogen.
  • Antibody fragments such as F(ab) fragments, may be prepared from polyclonal or monoclonal antibodies by standard methods known by those of skill in the art. For example and in brief, an antibody is incubated with pepsin in a buffer of 100 mM sodium citrate, pH 3.5, at 37 °C for 24 h.
  • the digestion is terminated by adding 3 M Tris buffer pH 8.8.
  • the F(ab) 2 fragments are resolved from the Fc fragments by chromatography over a protein A column, which selectively binds Fc fragments.
  • the F(ab) 2 fragments are collected in the flow through fractions.
  • the methods of the present invention are useful for preventing and/or treating inflammation-related diseases in a subject.
  • a physician or veterinarian of ordinary skill in the art can readily determine whether or not a particular subject has an inflammation-related disease, or is particularly susceptible to an inflammation-related disease.
  • anti-substance P antibodies and anti-substance P antibody fragments
  • these antibodies, fragments and pharmaceutical compositions should be used under the guidance of a physician.
  • compositions which may be employed in the methods of the invention will typically comprise one or more types of anti-substance P antibodies, and/or anti-substance P antibody fragments, as an active ingredient in admixture with one or more pharmaceutically-acceptable carriers and, optionally, with one or more other types of antibodies, antibody fragments, compounds, drugs, therapeutic agents or other materials.
  • the appropriate dosage and mode of administration of the anti- substance P antibodies, anti-substance P antibody fragments and pharmaceutical compositions which may be employed in the methods of the invention should be suitably selected by methods which are consistent with conventional pharmaceutical practices.
  • the anti-substance P antibodies, anti-substance P antibody fragments and pharmaceutical compositions which may be employed in the methods of the invention may be specifically formulated for oral administration in solid or liquid form, for parenteral injection, for rectal or vaginal administration or for topical administration. They may be administered to humans and other subjects for the prevention or therapy of inflammation-related diseases by any suitable route of administration, including orally, nasally, as by, for example, a spray, rectally, intravaginally, parenterally, intracisternally or topically, as by powders, ointments and drops, including bucally and sublingually. Preferably the antibodies are administered via a parenteral route.
  • the anti-substance P antibodies, anti- substance P antibody fragments and pharmaceutical compositions which may be employed in the methods of the invention are formulated into pharmaceutically- acceptable dosage forms by conventional methods known by those of skill in the art.
  • Actual dosage levels of the active ingredients employed in the methods of the invention may be varied so as to obtain an amount of the active ingredient which is effective to achieve the desired preventative effect, or therapeutic response, for a particular subject, composition, and mode of administration, without being toxic to the subject.
  • the selected dosage level will depend upon a variety of factors, including the activity of the particular anti-substance P antibodies or anti-substance P fragments being employed, the route of administration, the time of administration, the rate of excretion of the particular antibodies or fragments being employed, the severity of the disease, the duration of the treatment, other drugs, therapeutic agents or materials which are being used in combination with the particular antibodies or fragments being employed, the species, age, sex, weight, condition, general health and prior medical history of the subject being treated, and like factors which are well known in the medical arts.
  • a physician or veterinarian having ordinary skill in the art can readily determine and prescribe the effective amount of anti-substance P antibodies, anti- substance P antibody fragments or a pharmaceutical formulation containing such antibodies or antibody fragments required to prevent or treat an inflammation-related disease.
  • the physician or veterinarian could start doses of the anti-substance P antibodies, anti- substance P antibody fragments or pharmaceutical composition containing the antibodies or antibody fragments at levels which are lower than that required in order to achieve the desired therapeutic effect, and gradually increase the dosage until the desired therapeutic effect in achieved.
  • a suitable daily dose of anti-substance P antibodies, anti-substance P antibody fragments or a pharmaceutical composition containing these antibodies or fragments will be at least that amount of the antibodies, antibody fragments or pharmaceutical composition which is the lowest dose which is effective to produce a therapeutic effect.
  • Pharmaceutically-effective amounts of the anti-substance P antibodies, anti-substance P antibody fragments and pharmaceutical compositions containing these antibodies and fragments for a particular subject may be determined using standard procedures.
  • dosage levels which range from about 0.5 mg/kg body weight to about 2 g/kg body weight, and more preferably range from about 1 mg/kg body weight to about 1 g/kg body weight, and still more preferably range from about 5 mg/kg body weight to about 100 mg/kg body weight, of the anti- substance P antibodies, or anti-substance P antibody fragments, per day are administered to a mammalian subject.
  • the total daily usage of the anti- substance P antibodies, or anti-substance P antibody fragments, or of the pharmaceutical compositions comprising such active agents will be determined by an attending physician or veterinarian within the scope of sound medical judgement.
  • the effective daily dose of the anti-substance P antibodies or anti- substance P antibody fragments may be administered as two, three, four, five, six or more sub-doses administered separately at appropriate intervals throughout the day, optionally, in unit dosage forms.
  • Such a multiple dosage regime allows for the observation of the patient after each dose and, if appropriate, modification of the dosage amount and/or regime.
  • the pharmaceutical compositions which may be employed in the methods of the invention comprise anti-substance P antibodies, or anti-substance P antibody fragments, together with one or more pharmaceutically-acceptable carriers thereof and, optionally, with other therapeutic agents.
  • Each carrier should be "acceptable" in the sense of being compatible with the other ingredients of the formulation, and not injurious to the patient.
  • wetting agents such as sodium lauryl sulfate and magnesium stearate, as well as coloring agents, release agents, coating agents, preservatives, antioxidants, and the like can also be employed in the pharmaceutical compositions used in the methods of the invention.
  • Formulations of the anti-substance P antibodies and anti-substance P antibody fragments used in the methods of the invention may be conveniently prepared in a unit dosage form, and may be prepared by any of the numerous methods which are well known in the art of pharmacy.
  • the amount of active ingredient (anti-substance P antibodies or fragments) which can be combined with a carrier material to produce a single dosage form will vary depending upon the patient being treated, the particular mode of administration and all of the other factors described above.
  • the amount of active ingredient which can be combined with a carrier material to produce a single dosage form will generally be that amount of the active ingredient which is the lowest dose which is effective to produce a therapeutic effect.
  • this amount will range from about one to about ninety-nine percent of active ingredient, preferably from about five to about seventy percent of active ingredient, and most preferably from about ten to about thirty percent of active ingredient.
  • Methods for preparing the pharmaceutical compositions which may be employed in the methods of the invention include the step of bringing into association the active ingredient with the carrier and, optionally, with one or more accessory ingredients, and then, if necessary, shaping the product.
  • Formulations of the active ingredient which are suitable for oral administration may be in the form of capsules, cachets, pills, tablets, lozenges, powders, granules, solutions or suspensions in an aqueous or nonaqueous liquid, or oil-in-water or water-in-oil emulsions.
  • Formulations of the active ingredient for rectal or vaginal administration may be in the form of a gel, cream, foam or suppository, which may be prepared by mixing the active ingredient with one or more non-irritating excipients or carriers comprising, for example, cocoa butter, polyethylene glycol, a suppository wax or a salicylate. They will preferably be solid at room temperature, but liquid at body temperature, so that they will melt in the rectum or vaginal cavity of the subject and release the active ingredient.
  • Dosage forms for the topical or transdermal administration of the active ingredient include powders, sprays, ointments, pastes, creams, lotions, gels, solutions, patches and inhalants.
  • compositions containing anti-substance P antibodies and/or anti-substance P antibody fragments which may be employed in the methods of the invention, and which are suitable for parenteral administration, comprise one or more types of anti-substance P antibodies and/or anti-substance P antibody fragments in combination with one or more pharmaceutically-acceptable carriers.
  • Such carriers may be sterile, isotonic, aqueous or nonaqueous solutions, dispersions, suspensions or emulsions, or sterile powders which may be reconstituted into sterile injectable solutions or dispersions just prior to use.
  • These pharmaceutical formulations may contain antioxidants, buffers, bacteriostats, solutes that render the formulation isotonic with the blood of the intended recipient and/or suspending or thickening agents.
  • aqueous and nonaqueous carriers examples include water, ethanol, polyols (glycerol, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, and the like, and suitable mixtures thereof), vegetable oils, such as olive oil, and injectable organic esters, such as ethyl oleate.
  • aqueous and nonaqueous carriers include water, ethanol, polyols (glycerol, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, and the like, and suitable mixtures thereof), vegetable oils, such as olive oil, and injectable organic esters, such as ethyl oleate.
  • Proper fluidity can be maintained, for example, by the use of coating materials, such as lecithin, by the maintenance of the required particle size in the case of dispersions, and by the use of surfactants.
  • These compositions may also contain adjuvants, such as preservatives, wetting agents, emulsifying agents and dispersing agents.
  • antibacterial and antifungal agents for example, paraben, chlorobutanol, phenol sorbic acid, and the like. It may also be desirable to include isotonic agents, such as sugars, sodium chloride, and the like into the compositions.
  • an active ingredient administered by, for example, subcutaneous or intramuscular injection. This may be accomplished by the use of a liquid suspension of a material having poor water solubility. The rate of adsorption of the active ingredient will then depend upon its rate of dissolution. Delayed adsorption of a parenterally-administered active ingredient may also be accomplished by dissolving or suspending the active ingredient in an oil vehicle. In addition, prolonged absorption of the injectable pharmaceutical form may be brought about by the inclusion of agents which delay absorption, such as aluminum monostearate and gelatin.
  • Forming microencapsule matrices of the active ingredient in biodegradable polymers may make injectable depot forms of the active ingredient.
  • biodegradable polymers such as polylactide-polyglycolide
  • the rate of release of the active ingredient can be controlled.
  • biodegradable polymers include poly(orthoesters) and poly(anhydrides).
  • Depot injectable formulations may also be prepared by entrapping the active ingredient in liposomes or microemulsions which are compatible with body tissue.
  • an injectable pharmaceutical formulation of anti-substance P antibodies and anti-substance P antibody fragments can be sterilized, for example, by filtration through a bacterial-retaining filter, or by incorporating sterilizing agents in the form of sterile solid compositions which can be dissolved or dispersed in sterile water, or in other sterile injectable media, into the formulations just prior to use.
  • Injectable pharmaceutical formulations containing anti- substance P antibodies or anti-substance P antibody fragments may be present in unit- dose or multi-dose sealed containers, such as ampoules and vials, and may be stored in a lyophilized condition requiring only the addition of the sterile liquid carrier, for example, water, immediately prior to use. All of the pharmaceutical formulations discussed may be prepared using standard pharmaceutical techniques which are well- known to those skilled in the art.
  • BAL cell-free bronchoalveolar lavage
  • the competitive ELISA performed is based upon the competition between free substance P (Biomol Research Laboratories, Plymouth Metting, PA) and a substance P tracer (Cayman Chemical, Ann Arbor, MI) for a limited number of substances P- specific antibody binding sites. Dilutions of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were analyzed against a substance P standard, and the results were calculated as the percent of sample or standard bound, and the maximum bound. Intra- and interassay coefficients of variation (CN) were less than or equal to 10 percent.
  • mice Four- to six-week old specific pathogen-free female BALB/c mice (Harlan Sprague Dawley, Indianapolis, IN) were anesthetized with avertin (2,2,2,- tribromoethanol, Aldrich Chemical Co., Milwaukee, WI). The lungs were washed via a catheter inserted through a tracheal incision with 1 ml of phosphate buffered saline (GIBCO Laboratories, Grand Island, NY). The responses of three mice were examined for each time-point, and the mean values reported.
  • avertin 2,2,2,- tribromoethanol
  • the iriflarnmatory response, in the lungs of the mice peaked between days 3 and 7 post-infection with the respiratory syncytial virus.
  • the inflammatory response in the lungs of the BALB/c mice was characterized by an approximately 50-fold increase in cell numbers in the lung, of which macrophages constitute about 60%, lymphocytes about 30%, and polymorphonuclear cells about 10%.
  • CD4 + T lymphocytes produced peak levels of intracellular cytokines IL-2, IL-4 and IL-6 at day 3 post infection, and IL-5 and IFN ⁇ levels peaked at day 5 post-infection.
  • CD8 + T lymphocytes also participated in the cytokine-mediated inflammatory response to respiratory syncytial virus, but at a lesser magnitude. All cytokines decreased to near baseline (levels at day 0) by day 12 post- infection.
  • the T lymphocyte response to respiratory syncytial virus was predominantly characterized by a Thl-type mRNA cytokine pattern (IL-2, IFN ⁇ ) in the BALB/c mice. That is, only Thl-type cytokine mRNA (which may include mRNA for IFN ⁇ , IL-2, IL-12, and lymphotoxin mRNAs) is found. This pattern is the same as occurs with humans.
  • FIG. 1 shows that changes in levels of substance P found in the cell-free bronchoalveolar lavage fluid follow a pattern very similar to that for cell numbers and intracellular cytokine levels.
  • FIG. 1 shows that substance P levels in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid rise from a baseline of about 250 pg/mL at day 0 (naive mice) to about 800 pg/ml by day 3 post infection, peak at about 1000 pg/mL on day 5 post infection, and then rapidly decline to about 350 pg/mL at day 12 post infection.
  • EXAMPLE 2 Examination of the Impact of Exogenous Substance P on CD4 + and CD8 + T Lymphocyte Proliferation.
  • substance P directly affects the immune response
  • T lymphocytes isolated from three pooled spleens of BALB/c mice were enriched with CD4 + and CD8 + T lymphocytes by standard methods using streptavidin-coated magnetic beads (Dynal A S., Oslo, Norway) coupled to biotin-anti-CD8a (53-6.7, PharMingen, San Diego, CA), or to biotin-anti-CD4 (RM4-5, PharMingen).
  • streptavidin-coated magnetic beads Dynal A S., Oslo, Norway
  • biotin-anti-CD8a 53-6.7, PharMingen, San Diego, CA
  • RM4-5 biotin-anti-CD4
  • T lymphocytes were stimulated with the mitogen concanavalin (Sigma Chemical Co., St. Louis, MO, 2 ⁇ g/mL; FIG. 2) or lipopolysaccharide (Sigma Chemical Co., St. Louis, MO, 100 ⁇ g/mL; FIG. 3), with or without the addition of concentrations of substance P (Biomol Research Laboratories) ranging from 10 "5 M to 10 "9 M, or were left unstimulated in tissue culture medium (GIBCO) containing 10% heat-inactivated FBS (Hyclone Laboratories, Logan, UT) plus 1% of antibiotic/antimycotic (GIBCO BRL, Grand Island, NY).
  • mitogen concanavalin Sigma Chemical Co., St. Louis, MO, 2 ⁇ g/mL; FIG. 2
  • lipopolysaccharide Sigma Chemical Co., St. Louis, MO, 100 ⁇ g/mL; FIG. 3
  • Substance P was added to the cell cultures of intact, and CD4 + or CD8 + enriched, T lymphocytes at concentrations comparable to those found in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (10 "5 M to 10 '9 M).
  • Cells were cultured at 37°C for 48 hours, and all of the wells for the cells were pulsed with 1 ⁇ Ci of tritiated thymidine (Amersham, Arlington Heights, IL) for 25 hours, and then harvested with a Matrix Cell Harvester (Packard Instruments, Meriden, CT).
  • the stimulation index is the mean counts per minute (cpm) of stimulated, or experimental, cells divided by the mean counts per minute of unstimulated, or control, cultures (intact, CD4 + or CD8 + T lymphocytes which were left unstimulated in tissue culture medium).
  • cpm mean counts per minute
  • control cultures
  • intact, CD4 + or CD8 + T lymphocytes which were left unstimulated in tissue culture medium.
  • a statistically significant value of the stimulation index above 1.0 indicates a significant effect of the experimental parameter above that of control.
  • CD4 + T lymphocytes stimulated with concanavalin (FIG. 2), but not CD4 + T lymphocytes stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (FIG. 3), showed a 7- to 8-fold increase in proliferation when cocultured with substance P at concentrations ranging from 10 "5 M to 10 '7 M.
  • CD8 + T lymphocytes stimulated with concanavalin A showed a 4- to 5 -fold increase in proliferation.
  • EXAMPLE 3 Treatment of Mice Infected with Respiratory Svncvtial Virus with Anti-Substance P Antibody Fragments.
  • BALB/c mice which were acutely infected with respiratory syncytial virus- were i.n. treated with rabbit anti-substance P F(ab) 2 antibody fragments to inhibit the biological activity of substance P.
  • An anti-substance P F(ab) 2 antibody fragment dose-response experiment was also performed in order to determine the amount of the antibody fragments which was required to block the effects of substance P on the intracellular generation of cytokines by CD3 + T lymphocytes.
  • the effect of the rabbit anti-substance P F(ab) 2 antibody fragments on intracellular cytokine production by T lymphocytes isolated from the lungs was also examined.
  • Rabbit anti-substance P antibodies (PharMingen) were incubated overnight at
  • mice BALB/c mice (Harlan Sprague Dawley) were i.n. infected with 10 6 pfu of respiratory syncytial virus (Long, A strain), and then rested for three days. The mice were then anesthetized with avertin (Aldrich Chemical Co.), and i.n. treated with 2, 20 or 200 ⁇ g per mouse of rabbit anti-substance P F(ab) 2 antibody fragments or with 200 ⁇ g per mouse of normal rabbit Ig (nlg) antibodies. Controls were not treated. This treatment was given to the mice during the peak of intracellular cytokine production by T lymphocytes, which occurs on day 4 post-infection with the respiratory syncytial virus.
  • avertin Aldrich Chemical Co.
  • T lymphocytes were collected from bronchoalveolar lavage specimens obtained from the mice either 18 hours (FIG.4) or 36 hours (FIG.5) after treatment with the rabbit anti-substance P F(ab) 2 antibody fragments, or with normal rabbit Ig antibodies, and were stained for the observation of intracellular cytokines in order to examine the levels of intracellular cytokines produced by the T lymphocytes 18 hours and 36 hours post-treatment.
  • the procedure used for immunofluorescence intracellular cytokine staining was modified from the protocol described by
  • T lymphocytes were washed in phosphate buffered saline (GIBCO), and the cell surface antigen was stained with either anti-CD4 + (RM4-5) or anti-CD8 + (53-6.7) antibody, and subsequently fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde (Ted Pella Inc., Redding, CA) in D-phosphate buffered saline containing 1% bovine serum albumin.
  • the cells were washed in phosphate buffered saline, and the membranes were permeabilized using saponin (Sigma Chemical Company).
  • Anti-IL-2 JES6-5H4
  • anti-IL-4 B VD4- 1 D 11
  • anti-IL-5 TRFK5
  • anti-IL-6 MP5-20F3
  • anti-IFN ⁇ XMG1.2
  • the cells were stained on ice using an appropriate amount of the intracellular antibody (equivalent to 1 ⁇ g/mL), washed phosphate buffered saline, resuspended in D-phosphate buffered saline containing 1% bovine serum albumin, and analyzed by flow cytometry using an FACScan (Becton- Dickinson).
  • FIG. 4 shows that, at 18 hours post-treatment, a single i.n. treatment of 200 ⁇ g of the rabbit anti-substance P F(ab) 2 antibody fragments per mouse induced approximately a 3 -fold reduction in the intracellular cytokines IL-2, IL-4, IL-6 and IFN ⁇ made by T lymphocytes in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of the mice.
  • the inhibitory effect of the rabbit anti -substance P F(ab) 2 antibody fragments on the intracellular cytokines was found to be dose dependent, and specific for T lymphocytes in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of the mice.
  • FIG. 4 shows that less of an inhibitory effect of the rabbit anti-substance P F(ab) 2 antibody fragments on the levels of intracellular cytokines present in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of the mice was observed when 20 ⁇ g of the rabbit anti-substance P F(ab) 2 antibody fragments were administered. No inhibitory effect was observed when 2 ⁇ g of the rabbit anti- substance P F(ab) 2 antibody fragments were administered.
  • T lymphocytes were obtained from the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of the infected BALB/c mice by inserting a catheter through a tracheal incision, and washing the lungs. T lymphocytes were analyzed by flow cytometry after binding labelled anti-CD3 MAb. Phenotypic analysis of the T lymphocytes was performed by cell surface staining the lymphocytes with phycoerythrin-conjugated MAbs specific for cell activation molecules such as CD49d or CD54, and assaying by flow cytometry.
  • the results showed a reduction in the expression of inflammatory molecules, such as CD49d and CD54, on the surface of T lymphocytes following treatment of the mice with rabbit anti-substance P F(ab) 2 antibody fragments, as well as a decrease in the numbers of granular cells.
  • treatment with anti-substance P antibody fragments induced the least accumulation of inflammatory cells (e.g., eosinophils and polymorphonuclear cells) in the bronchoalveolar fluid, when compared to i.n. or i.v. treatment.
  • inflammatory cells e.g., eosinophils and polymorphonuclear cells
  • anti-substance P antibodies and anti-substance P antibody fragments, and methods, within the scope of the invention include, but are not limited to, the anti-substance P antibodies and anti-substance P antibody fragments, and methods, described herein.
  • Contemplated equivalents of the anti-substance P antibodies and anti-substance P antibody fragments, and methods, described herein include anti-substance P antibodies and anti-substance P antibody fragments, and methods, which otherwise correspond thereto, and which have the same general properties thereof, wherein one or more simple variations are made which do not adversely affect the function of the anti-substance P antibodies and anti-substance P antibody fragments, and methods, described herein.

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Abstract

La présente invention concerne des procédés de prévention ou de traitement d'un trouble chez un sujet ayant une réponse inflammatoire à une maladie ou à un syndrome, ladite réponse inflammatoire étant induite par la substance P endogène. Ces procédés comprennent l'administration au sujet d'une quantité efficace d'un point de vue pharmaceutique d'anticorps anti-substance P, ou de fragments d'anticorps anti-substance P, tels que les fragments F(ab)2, ce qui permet d'inhiber l'activité de la substance P endogène. L'inhibition de l'activité de la substance P endogène chez le sujet provoque la réduction des taux de cytokines produites par les lymphocytes T du sujet, l'altération des signaux qui commandent la réponse inflammatoire à l'infection, ainsi que la réduction de l'inflammation induite par la cytokine. Le virus syncytal respiratoire est un exemple d'agent responsable d'une infection provoquant fréquemment un trouble dû à une réaction inflammatoire à une infection induite par la substance P endogène. En général, on administre à un mammifère une dose d'environ 0,001 mg à environ 10 g d'anticorps anti-substance P, ou de fragments d'anticorps anti-substance P, par kilogramme de poids corporel et par jour, la dose préférée étant comprise entre environ 1 mg et environ 1000 mg d'anticorps anti-substance P, ou de fragments d'anticorps anti-substance P, par kilogramme de poids corporel et par jour.
EP00902427A 1999-01-22 2000-01-14 Procedes de prevention et de traitement de maladies dues a une reponse inflammatoire induite par la substance p endogene, par l'utilisation d'anticorps anti-substance p Withdrawn EP1638603A1 (fr)

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