EP1638494B1 - Structure tricotee de type manchon pouvant etre utilisee en tant que capitonnage de platre - Google Patents

Structure tricotee de type manchon pouvant etre utilisee en tant que capitonnage de platre Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1638494B1
EP1638494B1 EP04756141.0A EP04756141A EP1638494B1 EP 1638494 B1 EP1638494 B1 EP 1638494B1 EP 04756141 A EP04756141 A EP 04756141A EP 1638494 B1 EP1638494 B1 EP 1638494B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
castliner
yarn
spandex
water
fabric
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Expired - Lifetime
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EP04756141.0A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP1638494A1 (fr
Inventor
Claudia Schultze
George W. Coulston
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Invista Technologies Sarl
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Invista Technologies SARL Switzerland
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
    • A61F13/10—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads specially adapted for fingers, hands, or arms; Finger-stalls; Nail-protectors
    • A61F13/107—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads specially adapted for fingers, hands, or arms; Finger-stalls; Nail-protectors for wrist support ; Compression devices for tennis elbow (epicondylitis)
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
    • A61F13/04—Plaster of Paris bandages; Other stiffening bandages
    • A61F13/041—Accessories for stiffening bandages, e.g. cast liners, heel-pieces

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a castliner, and particularly to a sleeve-like knitted structure, for use as a castliner having superior cushioning and enhanced comfortable conformance to the body, as well as exhibiting antimicrobial properties, decreased water uptake and an enhanced moisture transmission rate. More particularly the invention relates to a three-dimensional knitted sleeve adapted for use as a castliner and made from particular synthetic polymer fibers and knit in selected patterns.
  • a cotton knit sock e.g., single jersey knit
  • cotton or poly/cotton webbing for cushioning (also called padding)
  • Known casting materials are either of fiberglass or plaster-of-paris.
  • the known castliner comprises a cotton jersey sleeve, which is pulled over the limb being treated, and a cotton webbing wrapped around the limb.
  • some skill is required for application of the castliner of this known type.
  • Particular skill is needed during application of the layers of cotton webbing, which is cumbersome to apply.
  • Especially important is the required thickness of cotton webbing which ultimately protects the limb during the cast removal process.
  • a particular disadvantage of such known castliners is their poor water repellency and moisture transmission rate. Water retention by known castliners fosters the growth of bacteria causing patient complaints about: unpleasant odors, itching, and general discomfort.
  • Mallen discloses a cast lining which is capable of transporting moisture from beneath the cast to the air space within the cast and ultimately to the outside area.
  • a fabric is formed from a blend of hydrophobic synthetic fibers (e.g., polyester) and a second fiber (spandex). This fabric is constructed into a tube with or without open ends and used as castliner beneath an orthopedic cast.
  • Mallen's cast lining tube is then made "hydrophilic"according to methods disclosed therein.
  • the Mallen fabric conforms closely to the limb being treated due to the elastic fiber content of the tubular cast lining.
  • Mallen specifically discloses use of LYCRA®; (branded spandex from INVISTA S. à r. l. of Wilmington, Delaware) in its construction.
  • US 5,540964 describes a cast lining material for use beneath an orthopaedic cast wherein the material consists essentially of a hydrophilic synthetic fiber material in the form of a fabric.
  • US 6,063,980 describes a cast liner material comprising a first layer of spun laced hydroentangled non-woven fabric which comprises a first acrylic fiber and a second synthetic cellulosic fiber and a second layer of a high loft fabric.
  • the present invention provides a castliner in the form of a three- dimensionally knitted tubing for use beneath an orthopedic cast with enhanced cushioning and comfortable conformance to the body.
  • the sleeve-like knitted castliner of the present invention may provide enhanced moisture transmission rate, antimicrobial properties, and decreased water uptake.
  • the sleeve-like knitted castliner of the present invention may be easily and readily applied to limb or body portion in treatment by a relatively unskilled person.
  • the present invention provides a sleeve-like knitted castliner for use beneath an orthopedic cast, comprising a micro-denier yarn having a single filament denier of less than one and further comprising spandex yarn in an amount of 2 to 20 percent by weight of the castliner, characterised in that the spandex is a copolyether based spandex.
  • the invention further includes a castliner comprising a spandex yarn having a specified stress/strain curve defining the elastic modulus of the spandex yarn.
  • the castliner comprises a spandex yarn in an amount of about 2 to about 20 per cent by weight of the total castliner.
  • a preferred castliner comprises LYCRA® 902C or LYCRA® 906 brand spandex fiber available from INVISTA S.
  • the sleeve-like knitted castliner of the invention provides enhanced cushioning as compared to castliners of the prior art, and conforms tightly to the limb or body portion under treatment.
  • a sleeve-like knitted castliner for use beneath an orthopedic cast, comprising an acrylic yarn treated with a phase change material.
  • This castliner also includes a spandex yarn.
  • the invention provides a castliner for use beneath an orthopedic cast. Such a castliner is shown generally at 100 in Fig. 1 .
  • the castliner comprises a microdenier yarn.
  • the term microdenier means having a single filament denier of less than one, or a decitex (dtex) of 1.1 or less.
  • the use of a microdenier yarn provides superior cushioning and comfort as compared to yarns of the prior art.
  • the microdenier yarn may be polyester or nylon. Alternatively, the microdenier yarn may be acrylic.
  • Suitable polyester microfiber yarns are those with yarn counts such as 55 dtex and 100 filaments and 78 dtex and 100 filaments known as MICROMATTIQUE® (Type 935T from INVISTA S.à r.l., Wilmington, Delaware) and used typically as a 2 ply yarn in a preferred construction.
  • the castliner may be in the form of a three-dimensional knitted tubing. By “three-dimensional” is meant that the castliner has some degree of depth to it, due to the cushioning characteristics imparted by the microdenier yarn.
  • the castliner of the present invention may additionally comprise a spandex yarn, elastane yarn or polyester bicomponent yarns known as ELASTERELL-PTM from INVISTATM of Wilmington, Delaware.
  • the terms spandex and elastane are used interchangeably in the art.
  • the spandex yarn is knitted with the microdenier yarn.
  • LYCRA® sold by of INVISTATM of Wilmington, Delaware. Such spandex yarns will be referred to hereinafter as traditional spandex yarns.
  • Traditional spandex yarns such as LYCRA® have a dtex of about 10 to about 500.
  • the castliner of the present invention comprise a spandex yarn which is made from a filament characterized by a flatter stress/strain curve than the filament of the spandex yarn described in the previous paragraph.
  • Such yarns will be referred to hereinafter as alternative spandex yarns.
  • Examples of such alternative spandex yarns suitable for use with the present invention are LYCRA® 902C and LYCRA® 906, also sold by INVISTATM.
  • LYCRA® 902C and LYCRA® 906 are copolyether based spandex with a combination of high elongation and flat stress-strain behavior and the low hysteresis in comparison with other commercially available spandex filaments with LYCRA® high unload power.
  • Fig. 2 is graph of the stress-strain curves for a traditional spandex filament, and for LYCRA® 902C.
  • Conventional LYCRA® filaments may have a stress-strain curve represented by 200a and 200b.
  • LYCRA® 902C has a stress-strain curve represented by 210a and 210b.
  • the latter stress-strain curve, 210a and 210b is flatter than the stress-strain curve 200a and 200b. This distinction is based on the relative slope of the corresponding curves labeled 200a and 210a vs. curves 200b and 210b.
  • the load and unload portions of the stress-strain curve can be substantially parallel within an elongation range of from about 300% to about 500%.
  • the stress or force acting on the spandex filament, straining the filament follows two different paths: path 200a (or 210a) while elongating and path 200b (or 210b) while retracting.
  • path 200a path 200a
  • path 200b path 200b
  • This difference in path "a” and path "b” is known in the art as the hysteresis of the stress-strain curve.
  • the modulus of elasticity is the initial slope of the stress-strain curve.
  • a castliner made from alternative spandex yarns will also have a unique stress/strain curve which may be distinct from the stress/strain curve of the filament. In any case, the stress/strain curve as described above quantifies the stretch and recovery properties.
  • the spandex yarn either traditional or alternative, typically comprises about 2 to about 20 percent by weight of the castliner.
  • the spandex yarns used with the present invention may have covering filaments, such as nylon.
  • the spandex yarn may be knitted with an acrylic yarn, instead of a nylon or polyester yarn.
  • the acrylic yarn may contain a phase-change material.
  • a phase-change material is a mixture of different chain-length hydrocarbons, and is commercially available from OUTLAST®, 6235 Lookout Road, Boulder, Colorado 80301, USA.
  • PCM phase change material
  • the castliner of the present invention may be constructed in the form of a circular knitted tubing using a seamless knitting machine.
  • a suitable machine is the Santoni, SM8-8TOP, commercially available from Santoni of Italy.
  • the seamless circular knitting machine is set to operate with 10 needles in the up position and 10 needles in the down position for the typical constructions used herein; but many variations know to the skilled practitioner of circular knitting are possible.
  • the numbers of needles used in either up or down positions is varied between about 2 to about 20.
  • Patterns selected for the knit construction include a chess board, ribbed, doubled ribbed, or diamond patterns.
  • Fig. 1 illustrates a checkerboard pattern at 100a.
  • a circular knitted tubing may be knitted into a checkerboard pattern from polyester yarns of 1.1 decitex (dtex) and less and from LYCRA® yarns, having covering filaments of nylon typically, the LYCRA® having a dtex of about 10 to about 500.
  • a fluorochemical surface treatment to the castliner.
  • This treatment may provide the castliner with a water uptake of less than 200 per cent, generally less 150 per cent.
  • a suitable fluorochemical treatment is provided by a TEFLON® fluoropolymer resin finish (known as ZONYL® 555 and available from E. I. DuPont de Nemours and Company, Inc., Wilmington, Delaware, USA) applied to the yarns comprising the knitted tubing.
  • ZONYL® 555 TEFLON® fluoropolymer resin finish
  • the use of the fluorochemical surface treatment also improves drying time. Typically, the drying time of the cast liner of the present invention, measured in open air, is less than five hours.
  • the use of the fluorochemical surface treatment also minimizes water contact with the patient. This measured by water contact angle, which, with the present invention, is greater than 140 degrees. This minimized water contact is also measured by water repellency.
  • the castliner of the present invention is characterized by a water repellency rating of about 6 and greater.
  • the castliner of the present invention may also include an antimicrobial agent.
  • an antimicrobial agent may be included in the yarn.
  • yarns containing silver as an antimicrobial agent include a sheath-core yarn having silver particles in the sheath, FossFiber® with AgIONTM commercially available from Foss Manufacturing Company, Inc., Hampton, New Hampshire, Xstatic® yarn, available from SAUQUOIT Industries, Inc., Scranton, Pennsylvania, USA having silver deposited on the yarn, or A.M.Y.TM yarn, commercially available from UNIFI Inc., Greensboro, North Carolina, USA, having silver spun into the yarn polymer.
  • a topical finish may be used on the castliner.
  • the castliner of the present invention is characterized by a reduction in the growth rate of bacteria by at least log 10 (2) based on test methods know as ASTM E2149-01 "Standard Test Method for Determining the Antimicrobial Activity of Immobilized Antimicrobial Agents Under Dynamic Contact Conditions” and AATCC Test Method 100-1999 "Assessment of Antibacterial Finishes on Textile Materials.”
  • the knitted construction and the materials of the castliner of the present invention may provide improved moisture vapor transmission.
  • a castliner of the present invention may be characterized by a moisture vapor transmission rate of at least 800 grams per square meter per day, measured when the castliner is stretched. This moisture vapor transmission rate can enhance the antimicrobial properties of the castliner as described above.
  • the castliner of the present invention provides superior cushioning, comfort and simple application.
  • the use of a microdenier yarn may contribute to the cushioning effect.
  • the stretch and recovery properties of the spandex yarn of the castliner may contribute to provide a castliner having superior fit and reduction of pressure points on the limb or body part to which the castliner is applied.
  • the castliner may be rendered water resistant and significantly improved in antimicrobial properties which reduce incidents of skin irritation and unpleasant smell. As a result, the patient wearing the castliner of the invention is able to bathe and get wet without otherwise replacing the hard casting and castliner after such events.
  • This test determines a finished fabric's resistance to wetting by aqueous liquids. Drops of water-alcohol mixtures of varying surface tensions are placed on the fabric, and the extent of surface wetting is determined visually. This test provides a rough index of aqueous stain resistance. Generally, the higher the water repellency rating, the better the finished fabric's resistance to staining by water-based substances.
  • Test Liquid No. 1 which was a mixture of 2% isopropyl alcohol and 98% distilled water
  • drops were placed approximately 5 mm in diameter or 0.05 ml in volume on the test fabric in three locations. The drops were observed for 10 seconds from an approximate 45° angle. If at least two of the three drops do not penetrate or wet the fabric and do not show wicking around the drops, the drops of test Liquid No. 2, which was a mixture of 5% isopropyl alcohol and 95% distilled water, were placed on an adjacent site, and the step of placing the drops on the test fabric in three locations was repeated.
  • test Liquid No. 3 which was a mixture of 10% isopropyl alcohol and 90% distilled water
  • test Liquid No. 4 which was a mixture of 20% isopropyl alcohol and 80% distilled water
  • test Liquid No. 5 which was a mixture of 30% isopropyl alcohol and 70% distilled water
  • test Liquid No. 6 which was a mixture of 40% isopropyl alcohol and 60% distilled water.
  • the fabric's water repellency rating was the highest numbered liquid for which at least two of the three drops did not wet or wick into the fabric.
  • the water contact angle method used was along the lines of ASTM D724-99 Standard Test Method for Surface Wet - Ability of Paper (Angle-of-Contact Method). Using a microscope and angle measuring comparators the contact angle was estimated visually. The measurement was repeated with a soap solution of the AATCC standard detergent 124 powder made up to 2 weight % in distilled water at 38°C for those cases where the contact angle was quite high.
  • Moisture vapor transmission rate (MVTR)
  • Moisture vapor transmission rate is determined according to ASTM Standard E96-66, Procedure BW (Inverted Water Method at 23 C). Standard E96-66 permits determination of the rate of water vapor transmission of materials in sheet form. Procedure BW is for use when materials to be tested may in service be wetted on one surface but under conditions where the hydraulic head is relatively unimportant and moisture is governed by capillary and water vapor diffusion forces. ASTM Standard E96-66 provides further details of how to perform the measurements.
  • Fabric stretch and recovery for a stretch woven fabric is determined using a universal electromechanical test and data acquisition system to perform a constant rate of extension tensile test.
  • a suitable electromechanical test and data acquisition system is available from Instron Corp, 100 Royall Street, Canton, Massachusetts, 02021 USA.
  • Two fabric properties are measured using this instrument: fabric stretch and the fabric growth (deformation).
  • the available fabric stretch is the amount of elongation caused by a specific load between 0 and 30 Newtons and expressed as a percentage change in length of the original fabric specimen as it is stretched at a rate of 300 mm per minute.
  • the fabric growth is the unrecovered length of a fabric specimen which has been held at 80% of available fabric stretch for 30 minutes then allowed to relax for 60 minutes.
  • the antimicrobial activity of the castliner of was measured using several test methods, these were: ASTM E2149-01 "Standard Test Method for Determining the Antimicrobial Activity of Immobilized Antimicrobial Agents Under Dynamic Contact Conditions” and AATCC Test Method 100-1999 "Assessment of Antibacterial Finishes on Textile Materials” and the "Shake-Flask Test” with test # Dow 923, known in the art as the Shake-Flask test. All of these testing procedures were made available as a service from NAMSA, 6750 Wales Road, Northwood, Ohio 43619, USA with an ISO 10993 certificate of compliance.
  • Part a - A second castliner sample of the invention was constructed from a double ply of 70 denier 100 filament COOLMAX® polyester yarn (INVISTATM North America Inc.) and 8% by weight of 70 denier LYCRA® brand spandex single covered with 20 denier 7 filament nylon.
  • Part b - A first castfiner sample of the invention was constructed from a double ply of 70 denier 100 filament COOLMAX® polyester yarn (INVISTATM North America Inc. and 8% by weight of 20 denier LYCRA® brand spandex single covered with 20 denier 7 filament nylon.
  • Part c - A third castliner sample of the invention was constructed from a double ply of 70 denier 100 filament COOLMAX® polyester yarn (INVISTATM North America Inc.) and 8% by weight of 40 denier LYCRA® brand spandex single covered with 20 denier 7 filament nylon.
  • the three samples (a, b and c) were tested using the moisture uptake test method using a circular sample 2 inches (51 mm) in diameter cut from each tubing.
  • Each of the samples (a, b and c) was also separately treated with a fluorochemical finish, ZONYL® 555 by a padding method.
  • the 3 samples untreated with fluorochemical finish were controls for the 3 treated samples.
  • the following table summarizes these results for moisture uptake by the materials of the castliner.
  • Sample ZONYL® 555 (% by weight) initial weight in grams squeezed weight ave.
  • the treated samples were analyzed for total fluoride ion by ion chromatography (IC) using the standard methods know to practitioners in the art.
  • Drying time measured in open air In this test method a circular sample 2 inches (51 mm) in diameter was cut. This circular sample was weighed (initial dry).
  • the three samples (a, b and c) were tested using the test method for drying time measured in open air. Identically to the moisture uptake method a circular sample 2 inches (51 mm) in diameter cut from each tubing. Each of the samples (a, b and c) was also separately treated with a fluorochemical finish, ZONYL® 555 by a padding method. The 3 samples untreated with fluorochemical finish were controls for the 3 treated samples.
  • the following table summarizes these results for drying time measured in open air by the materials of the castliner tubing. These data show again that very little moisture is acquired by the fluorochemical treated castliner material and that these treated samples air dry at a substantially constant rate over the 3 hour measurement period.
  • Sample ZONYL® 555 (% by weight) % water uptake (measured after shaking) % water loss after 1 hour % water loss after 2 hours % water loss after 3 hours a 0 441.7 34.8 22.9 29.7 b 0 672.7 51.2 33.7 44.6 c 0 315.7 33.3 23.2 28 a 2.5 256.8 25.9 19.9 21.9 b 5.0 114. 30.8 20.4 223.1 c 7.5 7.5 9.6 0.0 0.0
  • Moisture Vapor Transmission (MVT) rate was measured for sample a; in three states of stretch: relaxed, partial stretch and full stretch. The results are summarized in the following table showing a more stretched fabric transmits greater amounts of moisture.
  • Sample a 70 denier LYCRA® in the construction
  • Weight in grams weight in grams after 24 hours Transmission rate (grams per 24 hours per square meter)
  • Transmission rate (grams per 24 hours per square meter)
  • a (relaxed) 217.58 214.83 869 a (partially stretched) 222.87 217.89 1573.68 a (fully) stretched) 221.56 215.37 1956.04
  • a castliner sample of the invention was constructed from a double ply of 70 denier 100 filament COOLMAX® polyester yarn (INVISTATM North America Inc.) and 70 denier LYCRA® brand spandex single covered with 20 denier 7 filament nylon and then knitted and scoured; variations on this construction are noted in the following table. Those samples containing silver ion and a single sample treated with TINOSAN® antimicrobial (from Ciba Specialty Chemicals, Ardsley, New York, USA, 10502-2699) showed activity against the organisms tested: S. Aureus and Kleb. Pneumoniae.
  • a castliner sample of the invention was constructed from the materials noted in the table.
  • Example 2 Part 1. Sample Anti-microbial agent Test method % Reduction of activity (Staph. Aureus) % Reduction of activity (Kleb.
  • FossFiberTM Includes 15% staple fibers ASTM 88.46 ⁇ 1 E2149 Xstatic® Includes Silver coated nylon yarn in each 4 th feed ASTM 99.96 3.397 E2149 Untreated control ASTM --- No reduction E2149 treated TINOSAN® anti-microbial from Ciba Specialty Chemicals AATCC100 54.4 97.93 ⁇ 1 Example 2, Part 2.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Vascular Medicine (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
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  • Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
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  • Professional, Industrial, Or Sporting Protective Garments (AREA)
  • Knitting Of Fabric (AREA)

Claims (8)

  1. Capitonnage de plâtre pour l'utilisation sous un plâtre orthopédique comprenant un fil de microdenier ayant un denier de filament unique inférieur à un et comprenant en outre un fil de spandex en une quantité de 2 à 20 pour cent en poids du capitonnage de plâtre, caractérisé en ce que le spandex est un spandex à base de copolyéther.
  2. Capitonnage de plâtre selon la revendication 1, dans lequel les portions de charge et de décharge de la courbe de contrainte-déformation pour le fil de spandex sont substantiellement parallèles à l'intérieur d'une plage d'allongement de 300 % à 500 %.
  3. Capitonnage de plâtre selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par un taux de transmission de la vapeur humide d'au moins 800 grammes par mètre carré par jour, mesuré lorsque le capitonnage de plâtre est non étiré.
  4. Capitonnage de plâtre selon la revendication 1, comprenant en outre un traitement fluorochimique sur la surface du capitonnage de plâtre, dans lequel le traitement fluorochimique rend hydrophobe le capitonnage de plâtre.
  5. Capitonnage de plâtre selon la revendication 4, caractérisé par un angle de contact avec l'eau supérieur à 140 degrés.
  6. Capitonnage de plâtre selon la revendication 4, caractérisé par un niveau de répulsion de l'eau d'environ 6 et supérieur.
  7. Capitonnage de plâtre selon la revendication 1, dans lequel le fil de spandex et le fil de microdenier sont tricotés ensemble selon un motif sélectionné parmi le groupe constitué du damier, des cotes, des doubles cotes, et du diamant.
  8. Capitonnage de plâtre selon la revendication 1, dans lequel le fil de microdenier est un fil acrylique traité avec un matériau à changement de phase.
EP04756141.0A 2003-07-02 2004-06-25 Structure tricotee de type manchon pouvant etre utilisee en tant que capitonnage de platre Expired - Lifetime EP1638494B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US48444503P 2003-07-02 2003-07-02
PCT/US2004/020496 WO2005004765A1 (fr) 2003-07-02 2004-06-25 Structure tricotee de type manchon pouvant etre utilisee en tant que capitonnage de platre

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EP1638494A1 EP1638494A1 (fr) 2006-03-29
EP1638494B1 true EP1638494B1 (fr) 2014-05-07

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US (1) US6981955B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP1638494B1 (fr)
CA (1) CA2529711C (fr)
ES (1) ES2473593T3 (fr)
TW (1) TWI356715B (fr)
WO (1) WO2005004765A1 (fr)

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WO2005004765A1 (fr) 2005-01-20
US6981955B2 (en) 2006-01-03
ES2473593T3 (es) 2014-07-07
US20050027219A1 (en) 2005-02-03
EP1638494A1 (fr) 2006-03-29
TWI356715B (en) 2012-01-21
CA2529711A1 (fr) 2005-01-20
AU2004255190A1 (en) 2005-01-20
TW200510008A (en) 2005-03-16
CA2529711C (fr) 2014-01-14

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