EP1630759B1 - Scattered-light smoke detector - Google Patents
Scattered-light smoke detector Download PDFInfo
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- EP1630759B1 EP1630759B1 EP04020577A EP04020577A EP1630759B1 EP 1630759 B1 EP1630759 B1 EP 1630759B1 EP 04020577 A EP04020577 A EP 04020577A EP 04020577 A EP04020577 A EP 04020577A EP 1630759 B1 EP1630759 B1 EP 1630759B1
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- Prior art keywords
- scattered light
- value
- smoke detector
- signal
- signals
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- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
- G08B29/00—Checking or monitoring of signalling or alarm systems; Prevention or correction of operating errors, e.g. preventing unauthorised operation
- G08B29/18—Prevention or correction of operating errors
- G08B29/20—Calibration, including self-calibrating arrangements
- G08B29/24—Self-calibration, e.g. compensating for environmental drift or ageing of components
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- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
- G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
- G08B17/10—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means
- G08B17/103—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means using a light emitting and receiving device
- G08B17/107—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means using a light emitting and receiving device for detecting light-scattering due to smoke
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a scattered light smoke detector with an opto-electronic device for measuring stray signals at a forward and a backward scattering angle, and with evaluation electronics for obtaining a measured value from the stray signals and the comparison of an alarm value derived therefrom with an alarm threshold.
- the JP 11 160238 A describes a photoelectric ionization smoke detector for discriminating white and black smoke. At least two light receivers are used for this, so that the emitted light can be received by a light transmitter at different scattering angles. By evaluating the received light, a distinction is made between white and black smoke.
- the US 6218950 B1 describes a scattered light detector for the evaluation of scattered light signals.
- the microprocessor-based scattered light detector measures scattered light signals at two scattered light angles and determines an alarm parameter.
- An alarm value is determined by the ratio of the scattered light signals and subsequent comparison with the specific alarm parameter.
- the US 5726633 describes a multi-sensor smoke detector comprising at least one ionization and one photoelectric sensor. Coefficients are determined for each sensor output and combined accordingly in a processing work.
- the use of the difference of the stray signals for the formation of the measured value instead of a weighting of the measured value as a function of the ratio of the stray signals has the advantage that much less computer effort is required and thus a short response time of the detector is ensured.
- the difference of the scattered signals as well as their quotient allows the recognition of the type of smoke.
- a first preferred embodiment of the scattered-light smoke detector according to the invention is characterized in that processing of the measured value takes place with an application factor dependent on the ambient conditions at the intended installation location of the detector.
- the application factor can be selected on an application-specific basis, preferably as a function of a set of the setting parameters of the detector which corresponds to the requirements of the customer.
- a second preferred embodiment of the scattered-light smoke detector according to the invention is characterized in that the scatter signals are processed in two paths, that a determination of the type of fire in question takes place in the first path and a corresponding control signal is formed and in the second path a processing of said measured value and its comparison with the alarm threshold, and that the processing of the measured value in the second path is controlled by the control signal formed in the first path.
- a third preferred embodiment of the inventive scattered light smoke detector is characterized in that when determining the type of fire in question, a distinction to smoldering fire and open fire and possibly other types of fire takes place.
- a fourth preferred embodiment is characterized in that the processing of the measured value in the second path comprises a limitation of the measured value in a level hereinafter referred to as Slope controller, wherein a limitation of the measured value to a certain level or its gain takes place by addition of an additional signal.
- a fifth preferred embodiment of the scattered-light smoke detector according to the invention is characterized in that the slope controller both prevents a rapid increase in the measured value due to signal peaks and accentuates slow signal increases in the case of smoldering fires.
- the slope controller is controlled by the control signal formed in the first path.
- a slow smoke signal is obtained by very slowly filtering the measured value.
- a sixth preferred embodiment is characterized in that at least one temperature sensor arranged on or in the housing of the detector is provided for measuring the ambient temperature of the detector and emitting a corresponding temperature signal.
- a further preferred embodiment of the scattered-light smoke detector according to the invention is characterized in that the alarm value is determined from the output signal of the slope controller, referred to below as the smoke value, from the slow smoke signal and from the temperature value.
- the smoke detector 1 shown in Fig. 1, hereinafter referred to as a detector contains two sensor systems, an electro-optical system with two infrared emitting light sources (IRED) 2 and 3 and a receiving diode 4 and a thermal sensor system with two by NTC resistors formed temperature sensors 5 and 6 for measuring the temperature in the vicinity of the detector 1. Between the light sources 2, 3 and the receiving diode 4, a measuring chamber 7 is formed.
- the two sensor systems are arranged in a rotationally symmetrical housing (not shown), which is fastened in a base mounted on the ceiling of a room to be monitored.
- the temperature sensors 5 and 6 are radially opposed to each other, which has the advantage that they have different responses to air flowing in from a certain direction, so that the directional dependence of the response is reduced.
- the arrangement of the two light sources 2 and 3 is selected so that the optical axis of the receiving diode 4 with the optical axis of a light source, according to the light source 2, a dull and with the optical axis of the other light source, according to the light source 3, an acute Angle includes.
- the light of the light sources 2 and 3 is scattered by smoke entering the measuring chamber 7 and a part of this scattered light is incident on the receiving diode 4, wherein at an obtuse angle between the optical axes of light source and receiving diode of forward scattering and at an acute angle between the said optical axes of backward scattering speaks.
- the mechanical structure of the detector 1 is not subject of the present patent application will therefore not be described in detail here; it will be in this context on the EP-A-1 376 505 and to the references cited in this application.
- 2 and 3 diodes can be used as light sources emitting radiation in the wavelength range of visible light (see EP-A-0 926 646 ), or else the light sources can emit radiation of different wavelengths, for example the one light source red and the other blue light.
- the detector 1 makes a measurement every 2 seconds, whereby the forward and backward scattered light signals are generated sequentially.
- the signals of the receiving diode, the hereinafter referred to as sensor signals are freed in a filter 8 of the grossest disturbances of a defined frequency range and then go into an ASIC 9, which essentially has an amplifier 10 and an A / D converter 11.
- the digitized sensor signals, SB (backscatter signal) and SF (forward scatter signal), referred to hereinafter as scattered light signals enter a microcontroller 12, which contains a sensor control software 13 for the digital processing of the scattered signals.
- the sensor control software In addition to the scatter signals SB and SF, the sensor control software also supplies an offset signal OF. This is the output signal of the receiving diode 4, if it is not exposed to stray light from one of the two light sources 2 or 3.
- the signals of the two temperature sensors 5 and 6 denoted by T 1 and T 2 are likewise supplied to the microcontroller 12, and after digitization in an A / D converter 18 reach the sensor control software 13.
- the preprocessing of the signals T 1 and T 2 in the temperature preprocessing 15 is required because there is a difference between the measured and the actual temperature, which is determined by the thermal mass of the NTC resistors 5 and 6 and the detector housing, among other things NTC resistors in the detector 1 and due to influences of the detector and its environment is caused, leading to a delay.
- the measured temperature is compared with a reference value and then calculated back to the actual temperature using a model. This actual temperature is linearized and limited in its rise, so that at the output of the temperature preprocessing 15, a temperature signal T is available, which is supplied to the smoke preprocessing 14 among others.
- a temperature compensation in which a correction factor is obtained from the temperature signal T, with which the scattering signals SB, SF are multiplied. If the detector 1 is a purely optical detector without temperature sensors 5 and 6, then a single temperature sensor is provided in the detector, which supplies a temperature signal.
- the temperature signal T also passes into a designated with the reference numeral 16 stage temperature difference and designated by the reference numeral 17 stage maximum temperature.
- the maximum temperature stage 17 it is analyzed whether the maximum of the temperature signal T exceeds an alarm value of, for example, 80 ° C (60 ° C in some countries).
- the temperature difference stage 16 it is examined how quickly the temperature signal T increases.
- the output of stage 16 is connected to an input of stage 17, at whose output a temperature value T 'is available, which is used for further signal processing.
- the pre-processed in stage 14 scatter signals arrive in a median filter 19, which selects the median value from a plurality, preferably from five, successive values of the sensor signals.
- the median filter 19 also contains a so-called time shifter, which selects from the five sensor signals mentioned in the order of the middle, ie the third value. Then, the difference is formed from these two values, which is proportional to the variations of the leakage signals and allows estimation of the standard deviation of the leakage signals. This in turn allows the calculation of disturbances.
- the output signals of the median filter 19, which are referred to as smoke signals BW and FW hereinafter, enter a extraction stage for obtaining a smoke value S designated by the reference numeral 20.
- the reference character BW denotes the backward smoke signal and the reference symbol FW the forward smoke signal.
- the extraction stage 20 is carried out by a very slow filtering a background compensation, are compensated in the substantially dust-related disorders.
- the difference of the smoke signals is proportional to the difference of the leakage signals.
- the result of this difference formation is the so-called measured value S available at the output of the extraction stage 20, which is the basis for further signal processing. So that the measured value S can not become zero, which could be the case with the same size of scatter signals SB and SF, one of the two scattering signals can be multiplied by a factor.
- the difference mentioned can be processed with a so-called application factor.
- the application factor which may also be formed by an exponent, depends on the intended application and the intended location of use of the detector 1, or in other words, which type of fire, in particular whether smoldering fire or open fire, should be detected with priority.
- Each detector 1 has a set of suitable parameters adapted to the environment of its installation location and to the wishes of the customer, this is the so-called parameter set.
- the parameter set is the detector 1, for example, on the critical fire size, the fire risk, the personal risk, the value concentration, the space geometry and deception sizes, the deceptive sizes, for example, not originating from a fire smoke, fumes, steam, dust, fibers or electromagnetic interference can be formed.
- the extraction stage 20 there is also an optimization of the working range of the A / D converter 11 (FIG. 1) and a determination of the short and long term variance of the sensor signals and the variations of noise in the signal.
- a large variance is an indication of disturbances and can trigger a reduction of the detection speed for certain parameter sets.
- the step 20 is still a derived analysis in which it is calculated whether the sensor signal mainly over a longer period of, for example, 40 seconds increases, that is monotonically growing, with a monotonous increase in the sensor signal indicates a fire. The result of the derived analysis is used in some parameter sets to adjust the speed of signal processing.
- the speed of the signal processing can be quadrupled to obtain a higher sensitive parameter set.
- the monotonicity is determined by selecting certain pairs (V n ) and (V n-5 ) from a number of, for example, 20 values of the sensor signal, for example the first (V 1 ) and the sixth (V 6 ), the sixth ( V 6 ), and the eleventh (V 11 ) value, and so on, forming the differences (V n -V n-5 ).
- a difference V n -V n-5 > 0 corresponds to a monotonous increase of the sensor signal and this is an indication of fire.
- the fire type the so-called disturbance criterion, the so-called monotony criterion and the importance of the temperature are determined.
- the determination of the type of fire is based on the difference (BW-FW), with possible types of smoldering fire, open fire or transient fire being considered.
- a transient fire is the transition from smoldering fire to open fire, which is detected when the fire is ignited.
- the larger scattering angle could be selected over 90 °.
- the interferences calculated from the standard deviation (median filter 19) are compared with a threshold value.
- the monotonicity of the sensor signal calculated in the derived analysis in the extraction stage 20 is compared with a threshold value.
- the determination of the importance of the temperature is carried out by comparing the increase ⁇ T of the temperature signals T 1 , T 2 with a threshold value; ⁇ T> 20 ° means fire.
- the output of the evaluation stage 21 is fed to an event controller 23 which on the one hand controls the slope controller 22 and on the other hand the maximum temperature 17.
- the system decides whether and, if so, how the signal processing should be changed. Such a change is made in the slope controller 22, which is an intelligent limiter of the rise / fall of the sensor signal and also determines the symmetry and gradient of the sensor signal.
- Two signals are available at the output of the slope regulator 22, on the one hand a smoke value S 'obtained by the processing just described and, on the other hand, a slow smoke signal S + obtained by a very slow filtering.
- the smoke value S ' is used for further processing and supplied, inter alia, to a bypass adder 25, to which also the slow smoke signal S + is supplied.
- the smoke value S ' is limited to a value dependent on the respective parameter set, to which the slow smoke signal S + is then added in the bypass adder 25, the rise of the slow smoke signal S + depends on the respective parameter set and is lower for a robust parameter set than for a sensitive parameter set.
- the bypass adder 25 thus serves to avoid a too rapid alarm in the case of a robust parameter set with a rapidly rising smoke value S ', and to support the alarm triggering in the case of a sensitive parameter set with a slowly rising smoke value S'.
- a danger level detection 29 following the danger signal composition 28 the signal of the danger signal composition 26 is assigned to individual danger levels and in a hazard level verification 28 it is checked whether the relevant danger level is exceeded for a certain time, for example 20 seconds , If this is the case, an alarm is triggered.
- the dashed connections from the event controller 23 to the maximum temperature 17, to the slope controller 22, to the multiplication 27 and to the danger level verification 30 symbolize control lines.
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Abstract
Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft einen Streulicht-Rauchmelder mit einer opto-elektronischen Anordnung zur Messung von Streusignalen unter einem Vorwärts- und einem Rückwärtsstreuwinkel, und mit einer Auswerteelektronik für die Gewinnung eines Messwerts aus den Streusignalen und den Vergleich eines von diesem abgeleiteten Alarmwerts mit einer Alarmschwelle.The present invention relates to a scattered light smoke detector with an opto-electronic device for measuring stray signals at a forward and a backward scattering angle, and with evaluation electronics for obtaining a measured value from the stray signals and the comparison of an alarm value derived therefrom with an alarm threshold.
Die
Die
Die
Es ist schon lange bekannt, dass das bei Vorwärts- und Rückwärtsstreuung die beiden Streulichtanteile für verschiedene Arten von Bränden in charakteristischer Weise verschieden sind. Dieses Phänomen ist beispielsweise in der
Bei einem in der
Durch die Erfindung soll nun die Fehlalarmsicherheit der Streulicht-Rauchmelder der eingangs genannten Art erhöht werden, wobei gleichzeitig ein möglichst rasches Ansprechen gewährleistet sein soll.With the invention, the false alarm safety of the scattered light smoke detector of the type mentioned is now to be increased, at the same time the fastest possible response should be ensured.
Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäss durch einen Streulicht-Rauchmelder nach Anspruch 1 und ein Verfahren nach Anspruch 18 gelöst.This object is achieved according to the invention by a scattered light smoke detector according to claim 1 and a method according to
Die Verwendung der Differenz der Streusignale für die Bildung des Messwerts anstatt einer Gewichtung des Messwerts in Abhängigkeit vom Verhältnis der Streusignale hat den Vorteil, dass wesentlich weniger Rechneraufwand benötigt wird und somit eine kurze Ansprechzeit des Melders gewährleistet ist. Die Differenz der Streusignale ermöglicht ebenso wie deren Quotient die Erkennung der Rauchart.The use of the difference of the stray signals for the formation of the measured value instead of a weighting of the measured value as a function of the ratio of the stray signals has the advantage that much less computer effort is required and thus a short response time of the detector is ensured. The difference of the scattered signals as well as their quotient allows the recognition of the type of smoke.
Eine erste bevorzugte Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemässen Streulicht-Rauchmelders ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine Verarbeitung des Messwerts mit einem von den Umgebungsbedingungen am vorgesehenen Installationsort des Melders abhängigen Applikationsfaktor erfolgt. Der Applikationsfaktor ist anwendungsspezifisch wählbar, und zwar vorzugsweise in Abhängigkeit von einem den Anforderungen des Kunden entsprechenden Satz der Einstellparameter des Melders.A first preferred embodiment of the scattered-light smoke detector according to the invention is characterized in that processing of the measured value takes place with an application factor dependent on the ambient conditions at the intended installation location of the detector. The application factor can be selected on an application-specific basis, preferably as a function of a set of the setting parameters of the detector which corresponds to the requirements of the customer.
Eine zweite bevorzugte Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemässen Streulicht-Rauchmelders ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine Verarbeitung der Streusignale in zwei Pfaden erfolgt, dass im ersten Pfad eine Bestimmung des Typs des betreffenden Feuers erfolgt und ein entsprechendes Steuersignal gebildet wird und im zweiten Pfad eine Verarbeitung des genannten Messwerts und dessen Vergleich mit der Alarmschwelle erfolgt, und dass die Verarbeitung des Messwerts im zweiten Pfad durch das im ersten Pfad gebildete Steuersignal gesteuert ist.A second preferred embodiment of the scattered-light smoke detector according to the invention is characterized in that the scatter signals are processed in two paths, that a determination of the type of fire in question takes place in the first path and a corresponding control signal is formed and in the second path a processing of said measured value and its comparison with the alarm threshold, and that the processing of the measured value in the second path is controlled by the control signal formed in the first path.
Eine dritte bevorzugte Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemässen Streulicht-Rauchmelders ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass bei der Bestimmung des Typs des betreffenden Feuers eine Unterscheidung nach Schwelbrand und offenem Brand und gegebenenfalls weiteren Brandarten erfolgt.A third preferred embodiment of the inventive scattered light smoke detector is characterized in that when determining the type of fire in question, a distinction to smoldering fire and open fire and possibly other types of fire takes place.
Eine vierte bevorzugte Ausführungsform ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Verarbeitung des Messwerts im zweiten Pfad eine Begrenzung des Messwerts in einer nachfolgend als Slope Regler bezeichneten Stufe umfasst, wobei eine Beschränkung des Messwerts auf ein bestimmtes Niveau oder dessen Verstärkung durch Addition eines Zusatzsignals erfolgt.A fourth preferred embodiment is characterized in that the processing of the measured value in the second path comprises a limitation of the measured value in a level hereinafter referred to as Slope controller, wherein a limitation of the measured value to a certain level or its gain takes place by addition of an additional signal.
Eine fünfte bevorzugte Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemässen Streulicht-Rauchmelders ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Slope Regler sowohl einen raschen Anstieg des Messwerts aufgrund von Signalspitzen verhindert als auch langsame Signalanstiege bei Schwelbränden akzentuiert. Vorzugsweise ist der Slope Regler durch das im ersten Pfad gebildete Steuersignal gesteuert. Im Slope Regler wird durch eine sehr langsame Filterung des Messwerts ein langsames Rauchsignal gewonnen.A fifth preferred embodiment of the scattered-light smoke detector according to the invention is characterized in that the slope controller both prevents a rapid increase in the measured value due to signal peaks and accentuates slow signal increases in the case of smoldering fires. Preferably, the slope controller is controlled by the control signal formed in the first path. In the slope regulator, a slow smoke signal is obtained by very slowly filtering the measured value.
Eine sechste bevorzugte Ausführungsform ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mindestens ein am oder im Gehäuse des Melders angeordneter Temperatursensor für die Messung der Umgebungstemperatur des Melders und Abgabe eines entsprechenden Temperatursignals vorgesehen ist.A sixth preferred embodiment is characterized in that at least one temperature sensor arranged on or in the housing of the detector is provided for measuring the ambient temperature of the detector and emitting a corresponding temperature signal.
Eine weitere bevorzugte Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemässen Streulicht-Rauchmelders ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass aus dem nachfolgend als Rauchwert bezeichneten Ausgangssignal des Slope Reglers, aus dem langsamen Rauchsignal und aus dem Temperaturwert die Bestimmung des Alarmwerts erfolgt.A further preferred embodiment of the scattered-light smoke detector according to the invention is characterized in that the alarm value is determined from the output signal of the slope controller, referred to below as the smoke value, from the slow smoke signal and from the temperature value.
Weitere bevorzugte Weiterentwicklungen und Verbesserungen des erfindungsgemässen Streulicht-Rauchmelders sind in den Ansprüchen 13 bis 17 beansprucht.Further preferred developments and improvements of the inventive scattered light smoke detector are claimed in
Im Folgenden wird die Erfindung anhand eines Ausführungsbeispiels und der Zeichnungen näher erläutert; es zeigt:
- Fig. 1 eine schematische Blockbilddarstellung eines erfindungsgemässen Rauchmelders; und
- Fig. 2 einschematisches Blockdiagramm der Signalverarbeitung des Rauchmelders von Fig. 1.
- 1 shows a schematic block diagram of a smoke detector according to the invention; and
- FIG. 2 is a schematic block diagram of the signal processing of the smoke detector of FIG. 1. FIG.
Der in Fig. 1 dargestellte Rauchmelder 1, der nachfolgend als Melder bezeichnet wird, enthält zwei Sensorsysteme, ein elektro-optisches System mit zwei Infrarot emittierenden Lichtquellen (IRED) 2 und 3 und einer Empfangsdiode 4 und ein thermisches Sensorsystem mit zwei durch NTC-Widerstände gebildeten Temperatursensoren 5 und 6 zur Messung der Temperatur in der Umgebung des Melders 1. Zwischen den Lichtquellen 2, 3 und der Empfangsdiode 4 ist eine Messkammer 7 gebildet. Die beiden Sensorsysteme sind in einem rotationssymmetrischen Gehäuse (nicht dargestellt) angeordnet, das in einem an der Decke eines zu überwachenden Raumes montierten Sockel befestigt ist.The smoke detector 1 shown in Fig. 1, hereinafter referred to as a detector, contains two sensor systems, an electro-optical system with two infrared emitting light sources (IRED) 2 and 3 and a receiving diode 4 and a thermal sensor system with two by NTC resistors formed
Die Temperatursensoren 5 und 6 liegen einander radial gegenüber, was den Vorteil hat, dass sie unterschiedliches Ansprechverhalten auf aus einer bestimmten Richtung anströmende Luft aufweisen, so dass die Richtungsabhängigkeit des Ansprechverhaltens reduziert wird. Die Anordnung der beiden Lichtquellen 2 und 3 ist so gewählt, dass die optische Achse der Empfangsdiode 4 mit der optischen Achse der einen Lichtquelle, darstellungsgemäss der Lichtquelle 2, einen stumpfen und mit der optischen Achse der anderen Lichtquelle, darstellungsgemäss der Lichtquelle 3, einen spitzen Winkel einschliesst. Das Licht der Lichtquellen 2 und 3 wird durch in die Messkammer 7 eindringenden Rauch gestreut und ein Teil dieses Streulichts fällt auf die Empfangsdiode 4, wobei man bei einem stumpfen Winkel zwischen den optischen Achsen von Lichtquelle und Empfangsdiode von Vorwärtsstreuung und bei einem spitzen Winkel zwischen den genannten optischen Achsen von Rückwärtsstreuung spricht. Der mechanische Aufbau des Melders 1 bildet nicht Gegenstand der vorliegenden Patentanmeldung wird daher hier nicht näher beschrieben; es wird in diesem Zusammenhang auf die
Zur besseren Diskriminierung zwischen verschiedenen Aerosolen können im Strahlengang sender- und/oder empfängerseitig aktive oder passive Polarisationsfilter vorgesehen sein. Als weitere Option können als Lichtquellen 2 und 3 Dioden verwendet werden, die eine Strahlung im Wellenlängenbereich des sichtbaren Lichts aussenden (siehe dazu
Der Melder 1 macht beispielsweise alle 2 Sekunden eine Messung, wobei die Vorwärts- und die Rückwärts-Streulichtsignale sequentiell erzeugt werden. Die Signale der Empfangsdiode, die nachfolgend als Sensorsignale bezeichnet werden, werden in einem Filter 8 von den gröbsten Störungen eines definierten Frequenzbereichs befreit und gelangen anschliessend in einen ASIC 9, der im wesentlichen einen Verstärker 10 und einen A/D-Wandler 11 aufweist. Anschliessend gelangen die im Folgenden als Streulichtsignale bezeichneten digitalisierten Sensorsignale, SB (Rückwärts-Streusignal) und SF (Vorwärts-Streusignal) in einen Micro Controller 12, der eine Sensor Control Software 13 für die digitale Verarbeitung der Streusignale enthält.For example, the detector 1 makes a measurement every 2 seconds, whereby the forward and backward scattered light signals are generated sequentially. The signals of the receiving diode, the hereinafter referred to as sensor signals are freed in a
Der Sensor Control Software ist zusätzlich zu den Streusignalen SB und SF noch ein Offset-Signal OF zugeführt. Dieses ist das Ausgangssignal der Empfangsdiode 4, wenn diese nicht mit Streulicht von einer der beiden Lichtquellen 2 oder 3 beaufschlagt ist. Die mit T1 und T2 bezeichneten Signale der beiden Temperatursensoren 5 und 6 sind ebenfalls dem Micro Controller 12 zugeführt, und gelangen nach Digitalisierung in einem A/D-Wandler 18 zur Sensor Control Software 13.In addition to the scatter signals SB and SF, the sensor control software also supplies an offset signal OF. This is the output signal of the receiving diode 4, if it is not exposed to stray light from one of the two
Die Verarbeitung der Signale der verschiedenen Sensoren mit der Sensor Control Software 13 soll nun anhand von Fig. 2 erläutert werden: Zuerst erfolgt eine getrennte Vorverarbeitung sowohl der Streusignale SB und SF sowie des Offsetsignals OF einerseits als auch der Signale T1, T2 der Temperatursensoren 5, 6 anderseits in je einer Vorverarbeitungsstufe 14 bzw. 15. In der Rauchvorverarbeitung 14 werden die Schwankungen des Offset-Signals OF geglättet, indem der Zuwachs oder die Abnahme der Sensorsignale auf einen vorbestimmten Wert begrenzt wird. Dann wird das Offset-Signal OF von den Streusignalen subtrahiert. Die Vorverarbeitung der Signale T1 und T2 in der Temperaturvorverarbeitung 15 ist erforderlich, weil zwischen der gemessenen und der tatsächlichen Temperatur ein Unterschied besteht, der unter anderem durch die thermische Masse der NTC-Widerstände 5 und 6 und des Meldergehäuses, durch die Position der NTC-Widerstände im Melder 1 und durch Einflüsse des Melders und dessen Umgebung bedingt ist, die zu einer Verzögerung führen. Die gemessene Temperatur wird mit einem Referenzwert verglichen und anschliessend wird anhand eines Modells auf die tatsächliche Temperatur zurückgerechnet. Diese tatsächliche Temperatur wird linearisiert und in ihrem Anstieg begrenzt, so dass am Ausgang der Temperaturvorverarbeitung 15 ein Temperatursignal T erhältlich ist, welches unter anderem der Rauchvorverarbeitung 14 zugeführt wird.The processing of the signals of the various sensors with the
In der Rauchvorverarbeitung 14 erfolgt nach der Kompensation der Streusignale SB, SF mit dem Offset-Signal eine Temperaturkompensation, bei der aus dem Temperatursignal T ein Korrekturfaktor gewonnen wird, mit dem die Streusignale SB, SF multipliziert werden. Wenn es sich beim Melder 1 um einen rein optischen Melder ohne Temperatursensoren 5 und 6 handelt, dann ist im Melder ein einzelner Temperatursensor vorgesehen, der ein Temperatursignal liefert.In the smoke preprocessing 14 takes place after the compensation of the leakage signals SB, SF with the offset signal, a temperature compensation, in which a correction factor is obtained from the temperature signal T, with which the scattering signals SB, SF are multiplied. If the detector 1 is a purely optical detector without
Das Temperatursignal T gelangt ausserdem in eine mit dem Bezugszeichen 16 bezeichnete Stufe Temperaturdifferenz und eine mit dem Bezugszeichen 17 bezeichnete Stufe Maximaltemperatur. In der Maximaltemperatur-Stufe 17 wird analysiert, ob das Maximum des Temperatursignals T einen Alarmwert von beispielsweise 80° C (in einigen Ländern 60° C) überschreitet. In der Temperaturdifferenz-Stufe 16 wird untersucht, wie rasch das Temperatursignal T ansteigt. Der Ausgang der Stufe 16 ist mit einem Eingang der Stufe 17 verbunden, an deren Ausgang ein Temperaturwert T' erhältlich ist, der für die weitere Signalverarbeitung verwendet wird.The temperature signal T also passes into a designated with the
Die in der Stufe 14 vorverarbeiteten Streusignale gelangen in ein Medianfilter 19, welches aus mehreren, vorzugsweise aus fünf, aufeinander folgenden Werten der Sensorsignale den Medianwert auswählt. Das Medianfilter 19 enthält ausserdem einen so genannten Time Shifter, der aus den genannten fünf Sensorsignalen den bezüglich der Reihenfolge mittleren, also den dritten Wert auswählt. Dann wird die Differenz aus diesen beiden Werten gebildet, die zu den Schwankungen der Streusignale proportional ist und eine Abschätzung der Standardabweichung des Streusignale ermöglicht. Diese ermöglicht wiederum die Berechnung von Störungen. Die Ausgangssignale des Medianfilters 19, die im Folgenden als Rauchsignale BW und FW bezeichnet werden, gelangen in eine mit dem Bezugszeichen 20 bezeichnete Extraktionstufe für die Gewinnung eines Rauchwerts S. Das Bezugszeichen BW bezeichnet das Rückwärts-Rauchsignal und das Bezugszeichen FW das Vorwärts-Rauchsignal.The pre-processed in
In der Extraktionsstufe 20 erfolgt durch eine sehr langsame Filterung eine Hintergrundkompensation, bei der im wesentlichen durch Verstaubung bedingte Störungen kompensiert werden. Ausserdem wird der Betrag der Differenz der Rauchsignale |BW-FW| gebildet, wobei die Differenz der Rauchsignale selbstverständlich zur Differenz der Streusignale proportional ist.In the
Das Ergebnis dieser Differenzbildung ist der am Ausgang der Extraktionsstufe 20 erhältliche so genannte Messwert S, welcher der weiteren Signalverarbeitung zugrunde liegt. Damit der Messwert S nicht null werden kann, was bei gleich grossen Streusignalen SB und SF der Fall sein könnte, kann eines der beiden Streusignale mit einem Faktor multipliziert werden. Ausserdem kann die genannte Differenz mit einem so genannten Applikationsfaktor verarbeitet sein. Der Applikationsfaktor der auch durch einen Exponenten gebildet sein kann, hängt von der vorgesehenen Anwendung und vom vorgesehenen Einsatzort des Melders 1 ab, oder mit anderen Worten, welcher Typ von Feuer, insbesondere ob Schwelbrand oder offenes Feuer, mit Priorität detektiert werden soll. Jeder Melder 1 besitzt einen an die Umgebung seines Installationsortes und an Wünsche des Kunden angepassten Satz geeigneter Parameter, das ist der so genannte Parametersatz.The result of this difference formation is the so-called measured value S available at the output of the
Der Parametersatz ist beim Melder 1 beispielsweise von der kritischen Feuergrösse, dem Brandrisiko, dem Personenrisiko, der Wertkonzentration, der Raumgeometrie und von Täuschungsgrössen abhängig, wobei die Täuschungsgrössen beispielsweise durch nicht von einem Feuer herrührenden Rauch, Abgase, Dampf, Staub, Fasern oder elektromagnetische Störungen gebildet sein können.The parameter set is the detector 1, for example, on the critical fire size, the fire risk, the personal risk, the value concentration, the space geometry and deception sizes, the deceptive sizes, for example, not originating from a fire smoke, fumes, steam, dust, fibers or electromagnetic interference can be formed.
In der Extraktionsstufe 20 erfolgt ausserdem eine Optimierung des Arbeitsbereichs des A/D-Wandlers 11 (Fig. 1) und eine Bestimmung der Kurz- und Langzeitvarianz der Sensorsignale und der Variationen von Rauschen im Signal. Eine grosse Varianz ist ein Hinweis auf Störungen und kann eine Reduktion der Detektionsgeschwindigkeit für bestimmte Parametersätze auslösen. Ausserdem erfolgt in der Stufe 20 noch eine abgeleitete Analyse, bei der berechnet wird, ob das Sensorsignal über eine längere Zeit von beispielsweise 40 Sekunden hauptsächlich zunimmt, das heisst monoton wächst, wobei eine monotone Zunahme des Sensorsignal auf ein Feuer hindeutet. Das Ergebnis der abgeleiteten Analyse wird bei einigen Parametersätzen dazu verwendet, die Geschwindigkeit der Signalverarbeitung anzupassen.In the
Wenn beispielsweise das Sensorsignal monoton wächst und das Feuer in der nachfolgenden Bewertungsstufe 21 als offenes Feuer bewertet wird, kann die Geschwindigkeit der Signalverarbeitung vervierfacht werden, um einen höher empfindlichen Parametersatz zu erhalten. Die Monotonie wird dadurch bestimmt, dass man aus einer Anzahl von beispielsweise 20 Werten des Sensorsignals bestimmte Paare (Vn) und (Vn-5) auswählt, beispielsweise den ersten (V1) und den sechsten (V6), den sechsten (V6), und den elften (V11) Wert, und so weiter und die Differenzen (Vn-Vn-5) bildet. Eine Differenz Vn-Vn-5 > 0 entspricht einer monotonen Zunahme des Sensorsignals und diese ist ein Hinweis auf Feuer.For example, if the sensor signal increases monotonously and the fire in the
Das im Folgenden als Messwert S bezeichnete Ausgangssignal der Extraktionsstufe 20 wird einerseits der schon erwähnten Bewertungsstufe 21 und andererseits einer mit Slope Regler 22 bezeichneten Stufe zur Regelung der Signalform zugeführt. In der Bewertungsstufe 21 werden der Brandtyp, das so genannte Störungskriterium, das so genannte Monotoniekriterium und die Wichtigkeit der Temperatur bestimmt. Die Bestimmung des Brandtyps erfolgt anhand der Differenz (BW-FW), wobei als mögliche Typen Schwelbrand, offener Brand oder transienter Brand in Frage kommt. Unter einem transienten Brand versteht man den Übergang vom Schwelbrand zum offenen Brand, der bei Zündung des Feuers detektiert wird. Selbstverständlich könnte für die Bestimmung des Brandtyps auch der Quotient (BW/FW) verwendet werden, wie dies beispielsweise in der der
Zur Bestimmung des Störungskriteriums werden die aus der Standardabweichung berechneten Störungen (Medianfilter 19) mit einem Schwellwert verglichen. Zur Bestimmung des Monotoniekriteriums wird die bei der abgeleiteten Analyse in der Extraktionsstufe 20 berechnete Monotonie des Sensorsignals mit einem Schwellwert verglichen. Die Bestimmung der Wichtigkeit der Temperatur erfolgt durch Vergleich des Anstiegs ΔT der Temperatursignale T1, T2 mit einem Schwellwert; ΔT > 20° bedeutet Brand.To determine the interference criterion, the interferences calculated from the standard deviation (median filter 19) are compared with a threshold value. To determine the monotonicity criterion, the monotonicity of the sensor signal calculated in the derived analysis in the
Der Ausgang der Bewertungsstufe 21 ist einem Event Regler 23 zugeführt, der einerseits den Slope Regler 22 und andererseits die Maximaltemperatur 17 steuert. Im Event Regler 23 entscheidet das System, ob und gegebenenfalls wie die Signalverarbeitung geändert werden soll. Eine solche Änderung erfolgt im Slope Regler 22, der einen intelligenten Begrenzer von Anstieg/Abnahme des Sensorsignals darstellt und ausserdem Symmetrie und Gradient des Sensorsignals bestimmt.The output of the
In einigen Parametersätzen möchte man beispielsweise rein optische, also nur durch Rauch verursachte Alarme verbieten, beschränken oder unterstützen. Dazu verwendet man eine Methode, die den Messwert S beim Anstieg auf einen bestimmten Wert beschränkt und anderseits aus einem verzögerten Rauchsignal einen bestimmten Maximalwert ableitet, und dann je nachdem, ob eine Zündung erfolgt ist, einen der beiden Werte für die weitere Verarbeitung verwendet. Dadurch erfolgt einerseits eine Beschränkung von sehr schnellen, durch Signalspitzen verursachten Anstiegen des Messwerts S und andererseits eine Betonung (Unterstützung) von durch Schwelbrände verursachten sehr langsam ansteigenden Signalen.In some parameter sets, for example, one would like to prohibit, restrict or support purely optical alarms, that is, only smoke-induced alarms. For this purpose, a method is used which restricts the measured value S to a certain value during the rise and, on the other hand, derives a specific maximum value from a delayed smoke signal and then uses one of the two values for further processing, depending on whether ignition has taken place. On the one hand, this results in a limitation of very rapid rises in the measured value S caused by signal peaks, and on the other hand an emphasis (support) for very slowly rising signals caused by smoldering fires.
Am Ausgang des Slope Reglers 22 sind zwei Signale erhältlich, einerseits ein durch die gerade beschriebene Verarbeitung gewonnener Rauchwert S' und andererseits ein durch eine sehr langsame Filterung gewonnenes langsames Rauchsignal S+. Der Rauchwert S' wird für die weitere Verarbeitung verwendet und unter anderem einem Bypass Addierer 25 zugeführt, dem auch das langsame Rauchsignal S+ zugeführt ist. In einer unmittelbar vor dem Bypass Addierer 25 angeordneten Stufe (nicht dargestellt) wird der Rauchwert S' auf einen vom jeweiligen Parametersatz abhängigen Wert begrenzt, zu dem dann im Bypass Addierer 25 das langsame Rauchsignal S+ addiert wird, wobei der Anstieg des langsamen Rauchsignals S+ vom jeweiligen Parametersatz abhängt und bei einem robusten Parametersatz geringer ist als bei einem empfindlichen Parametersatz. Der Bypass Addierer 25 dient also dazu, bei einem robusten Parametersatz bei einem rasch ansteigenden Rauchwert S' einen zu raschen Alarm zu vermeiden, und bei einem empfindlichen Parametersatz bei einem langsam ansteigenden Rauchwert S' die Alarmauslösung zu unterstützen.Two signals are available at the output of the
Der Rauchwert S' und der Temperaturwert T' werden in Form von je zwei Werten Wos und Wop beziehungsweise Wts und Wtp verarbeitet, dabei bedeutet:
- Wos Gewicht des optischen Pfades für Summenbildung
- Wop Gewicht des optischen Pfades für Produktbildung
- Wts Gewicht des thermischen Pfades für Summenbildung
- Wtp Gewicht des thermischen Pfades für Produktbildung.
- W os Weight of the optical path for summation
- W op Weight of the optical path for product formation
- W ts Weight of the thermal path for summation
- W tp Weight of the thermal path for product formation.
Dass sowohl eine Summierung 26 als auch eine Multiplikation 27 erfolgt, hat den Vorteil, dass bei der Summierung 26 bei hohem Temperatur- und auch nur geringem Rauchwert und bei der Multiplikation 27 auch bei geringem Temperatur- und geringem Rauchwert Alarm ausgelöst wird. Die entsprechenden Werte werden addiert und multipliziert, was zusammen mit dem Signal des Bypass Addierers 25 und dem Temperaturwert T' vier Signale ergibt, die einer Gefahrensignal-Zusammensetzung 28 zugeführt werden. Diese sucht aus den vier zugeführten Signalen dasjenige mit dem höchsten Wert als Alarmsignal aus.The fact that both a
In einer auf die Gefahrensignal-Zusammensetzung 28 folgenden Gefahrenstufen-Erfassung 29 erfolgt eine Zuordnung des Signals der Gefahrensignal-Zusammensetzung 26 zu einzelnen Gefahrenstufen und in einer Gefahrenstufen-Verifikation 28 wird überprüft, ob die betreffende Gefahrenstufe über eine bestimmte Zeit von beispielsweise 20 Sekunden überschritten wird. Ist dies der Fall, wird Alarm ausgelöst. Die gestrichelten Verbindungen vom Event Regler 23 zur Maximaltemperatur 17, zum Slope Regler 22, zur Multiplikation 27 und zur Gefahrenstufen-Verifikation 30 symbolisieren Steuerleitungen.In a
Claims (18)
- Scattered light smoke detector with an optoelectronic arrangement for measurement of scatter signals (SB, SF) detected below at least one forward scatter angle and one backscatter angle, and with evaluation electronics (12) for obtaining a measured value from the scatter signals (SB, SF) and from comparing this derived alarm value with an alarm threshold, characterised in that the scattered light smoke detector features a median filter (19) for obtaining backwards and forwards smoke signals (BW, SF) from the difference between median value selected from the number of consecutive values of the backwards and forwards scatter signals (SB, SF) and the average value in relation to the sequence from the said number of consecutive values of the backwards and forwards scatter signals (SB, SF), and that the measured value (S) is formed from the difference between the smoke signals (BW, FW) obtained from them.
- Scattered light smoke detector according to claim 1, characterised in that the measured value (S) is processed with an application factor which depends on the environmental conditions at the intended installation site of the detector.
- The scattered light smoke detector according to claim 2, characterised in that the application factor is able to be selected for a specific application.
- The scattered light smoke detector according to claim 3, characterised in that the application factor is able to be detected depending on a set of setting parameters of the detector (1) corresponding to the requirements of the customer.
- Scattered light smoke detector according to one of the claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the backward and forwards smoke signals (BW, FW) are processed in two paths, that in the first path (21, 23) the type of fire involved is determined and a corresponding control signal is formed and in the second path (22, 25-30) said measured value (S) is processed and is compared with an alarm threshold, and that the processing of the measured value (S) in the second path (22, 25-30) is controlled by the control signal formed in the first path (21, 23).
- Scattered light smoke detector according to claim 5, characterised in that, when the type of fire involved is being determined, a distinction is made between smouldering fire and open fire and where necessary further fire types.
- Scattered light smoke detector according to claim 6, characterised in that the processing of the measured value (S) in the second path (22, 25-30) includes a restriction of the measured value (S) in a stage subsequently referred to as slope regulator (22), with a restriction of the measured value (S) to a specific level or its amplification by addition of a supplementary signal.
- Scattered light smoke detector according to claim 7, characterised in that the slope regulator (22) both prevents a rapid increase in the measured value (S) as a result of signal peaks and also accentuates slow signal increases with smouldering fires.
- Scattered light smoke detector according to claim 8, characterised in that the slope regulator (22) is controlled by the control signal formed in the first path (21, 23).
- Scattered light detector according to claim 9, characterised in that a slow smoke signal (S+) is obtained in the slope regulator (22) by a very slow filtering of the measured value (S).
- Scattered light smoke detector as claimed in claim 10, characterised in that at least one temperature sensor (5, 6) arranged in or on the housing of the detector (1) is provided for measuring the ambient temperature of the detector (1) and for outputting the appropriate temperature signal (T).
- Scattered light smoke detector according to claim 11, characterised in that the alarm is determined, from the output signal of the slope regulator (22) subsequently referred to as the smoke value (S'), from the slow smoke signal (S+) and from the temperature value (T).
- Scattered light smoke detector according to claim 12, characterised in that both a summation (26) and a product formation (27) are undertaken with the smoke value (S') and the temperature value (T').
- Scattered light smoke detector according to claim 13, characterised in that the smoke value (S') and the temperature value (T') are each processed in the form of two values (Wos, Wop or Wts, Wtp), with Wos designating the weight of the optical path for the summation, Wop the weight of the optical path for the product formation, Wts the weight of the thermal path for the summation and Wtp the weight of the thermal path for the product formation.
- Scattered light smoke detector according to claim 14, characterised in that the signal with the highest value is selected from the result of the summation and the product formation and that there is provision for comparison with the alarm threshold.
- Scattered light smoke detector according to claim 15, characterised in that, by comparing the said signal with the highest value to various alarm thresholds the signal is assigned to different risk levels and subsequently these risk levels are verified.
- Scattered light smoke detector according to claim 16, characterised in that the verification of the risk levels is controlled by the control signal formed in the first path (21, 22).
- Method for forming a measured value obtained with evaluation electronics (12) of a scattered light smoke detector, featuring an optoelectronic arrangement, from the alarm value derived from the scatter signals (SB, SF) measured under a forwards and backscatter angle and for comparing an alarm value derived from this with an alarm threshold, characterised in that backwards and forwards smoke signals (BW, FW) are obtained by a median filter (19) of the scattered light smoke detector from the backscatter and forward scatter signals (SB, SF), with the backwards and forwards smoke signals (BW, FW) being obtained by the median filter (19) from the difference between the median value selected from a number of consecutive values of the backscatter and forwards scatter signals (SB, SF) and the average value of the said number of consecutive values of the backscatter and forwards scatter signals (SB, SF) as regards sequence and the measured value (S) being formed from the amount of the difference between the smoke signals (BW, FW)
Priority Applications (8)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE502004005437T DE502004005437D1 (en) | 2004-08-31 | 2004-08-31 | Scattered light smoke detector |
EP04020577A EP1630759B1 (en) | 2004-08-31 | 2004-08-31 | Scattered-light smoke detector |
ES04020577T ES2297311T3 (en) | 2004-08-31 | 2004-08-31 | SMOKE DETECTOR OF DISPERSED LIGHT. |
AT04020577T ATE377817T1 (en) | 2004-08-31 | 2004-08-31 | SCATTERED LIGHT SMOKE DETECTORS |
AT04023740T ATE382923T1 (en) | 2004-08-31 | 2004-10-06 | SCATTERED LIGHT SMOKE DETECTORS |
ES04023740T ES2299782T3 (en) | 2004-08-31 | 2004-10-06 | SMOKE DETECTOR OF DIFFUSE LIGHT. |
DE502004005830T DE502004005830D1 (en) | 2004-08-31 | 2004-10-06 | Scattered light smoke detector |
EP04023740A EP1630758B1 (en) | 2004-08-31 | 2004-10-06 | Scattered light smoke detector |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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EP04020577A EP1630759B1 (en) | 2004-08-31 | 2004-08-31 | Scattered-light smoke detector |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP1630759A1 EP1630759A1 (en) | 2006-03-01 |
EP1630759B1 true EP1630759B1 (en) | 2007-11-07 |
Family
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP04020577A Not-in-force EP1630759B1 (en) | 2004-08-31 | 2004-08-31 | Scattered-light smoke detector |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
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EP (1) | EP1630759B1 (en) |
AT (2) | ATE377817T1 (en) |
DE (2) | DE502004005437D1 (en) |
ES (2) | ES2297311T3 (en) |
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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EP1884904A1 (en) * | 2006-07-26 | 2008-02-06 | Siemens Schweiz AG | Danger type determination by means of at least two signals |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US5726633A (en) * | 1995-09-29 | 1998-03-10 | Pittway Corporation | Apparatus and method for discrimination of fire types |
JPH11160238A (en) * | 1997-11-28 | 1999-06-18 | Matsushita Electric Works Ltd | Photoelectric smoke sensor |
DE19902319B4 (en) * | 1999-01-21 | 2011-06-30 | Novar GmbH, Albstadt-Ebingen Zweigniederlassung Neuss, 41469 | Scattered light fire detectors |
-
2004
- 2004-08-31 AT AT04020577T patent/ATE377817T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2004-08-31 EP EP04020577A patent/EP1630759B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2004-08-31 DE DE502004005437T patent/DE502004005437D1/en active Active
- 2004-08-31 ES ES04020577T patent/ES2297311T3/en active Active
- 2004-10-06 ES ES04023740T patent/ES2299782T3/en active Active
- 2004-10-06 AT AT04023740T patent/ATE382923T1/en active
- 2004-10-06 DE DE502004005830T patent/DE502004005830D1/en active Active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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DE502004005830D1 (en) | 2008-02-14 |
DE502004005437D1 (en) | 2007-12-20 |
ATE382923T1 (en) | 2008-01-15 |
ES2299782T3 (en) | 2008-06-01 |
ATE377817T1 (en) | 2007-11-15 |
ES2297311T3 (en) | 2008-05-01 |
EP1630759A1 (en) | 2006-03-01 |
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