EP1629441B1 - Device for checking banknotes - Google Patents

Device for checking banknotes Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1629441B1
EP1629441B1 EP04739296A EP04739296A EP1629441B1 EP 1629441 B1 EP1629441 B1 EP 1629441B1 EP 04739296 A EP04739296 A EP 04739296A EP 04739296 A EP04739296 A EP 04739296A EP 1629441 B1 EP1629441 B1 EP 1629441B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
light source
sensor
line
aperture
light
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EP04739296A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1629441A1 (en
Inventor
Bernd Wunderer
Norbert Holl
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Giesecke and Devrient GmbH
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Giesecke and Devrient GmbH
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Publication of EP1629441A1 publication Critical patent/EP1629441A1/en
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07D—HANDLING OF COINS OR VALUABLE PAPERS, e.g. TESTING, SORTING BY DENOMINATIONS, COUNTING, DISPENSING, CHANGING OR DEPOSITING
    • G07D7/00—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency
    • G07D7/181—Testing mechanical properties or condition, e.g. wear or tear
    • G07D7/185—Detecting holes or pores
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07D—HANDLING OF COINS OR VALUABLE PAPERS, e.g. TESTING, SORTING BY DENOMINATIONS, COUNTING, DISPENSING, CHANGING OR DEPOSITING
    • G07D7/00—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency
    • G07D7/06—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency using wave or particle radiation
    • G07D7/12—Visible light, infrared or ultraviolet radiation
    • G07D7/121—Apparatus characterised by sensor details

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for checking banknotes, comprising a line-shaped sensor and a line-shaped light source, in which the banknotes for the test between the sensor and the light source are moved past the latter, the sensor detecting light transmitted by the banknotes of the light source.
  • Such devices are for example from the DE 198 40 482 A 1 known and are commonly referred to as transmission sensors, as detected by the banknotes to be tested transmitted light from a light source is detected and evaluated by a sensor.
  • a distinction can be made between a bright field and a dark field measurement, depending on whether the illumination is arranged so that the light from the source hits the detector (bright field) or not (dark field).
  • the detector detects only light scattered by the banknote, ie its direction.
  • the known bright field devices such. In GB 2 093179 A are often used to change the format of banknotes and / or damage, e.g. As cracks or holes to recognize by shadows in the banknotes.
  • the bright background is indispensable to z. B. to be able to distinguish the damage of areas with dark printing safely.
  • the shadow itself should be as dark as possible.
  • the contrast of the banknotes to the background must be as high as possible. This must also apply to areas with maximum transmission, so z. B. areas without printing or even for transparent areas such as see-through register on banknotes with Kuststoff substrate.
  • both optics must be designed to be sufficiently telecentric, i. they may only use light beams that deviate only a few degrees from the parallels to the optical axis.
  • the contrast is set to a lower value than can be achieved with optimal illumination, because light rays also illuminate the banknote, which, due to their direction to the optical axis, may contribute to the scattered light, but not to the background.
  • the banknotes for the test between the sensor and the light source are moved past them, wherein the sensor passes through the banknotes detected transmitted light of the light source, which manages with a light source with the lowest possible intensity, maximizes the contrast between the light background and the transmitted by scattering light.
  • only small scale fluctuations when flapping the banknotes should be allowed.
  • the invention is based on a device for checking banknotes with a line-shaped sensor and a line-shaped light source, in which the banknotes for the test between the sensor and the light source are moved past them, wherein the sensor by the banknotes transmitted light of the light source detects, wherein the line-shaped sensor and the line-shaped light source each have an aperture such that the aperture of the light source is equal to or smaller than the aperture of the sensor, both apertures being sufficiently small.
  • the light source includes an Ulbricht cylinder, which is the cylindrical version of the known integrating sphere and has a widening in the direction of the light emission channel with inclined, mirrored walls.
  • the device according to the invention has the advantage that by adjusting the aperture of the light source and the sensor, all the light rays from the source, which illuminate the region of the bank note detected by the detector, reach the detector in the absence of a bank note. Therefore, the light intensity of the light source can be chosen so small that the illuminance in the plane of the bill must not be greater than is required for the full scale of the sensor in the absence of a bill between the light source and sensor. As a result, only a low light intensity of the light source is required, whereby the occurring power loss can be greatly reduced.
  • the use of the Ulbricht cylinder also enables homogeneous, line-shaped illumination with a given aperture.
  • the adjusted aperture of the illumination ensures that the light scattered by the bank notes to be checked is minimized, whereby a high contrast is achieved.
  • This contrast (defined here as quotient of the signal without banknote to the signal with banknote) is at a 1: 1 mapping and ideal scattering in the banknote according to Lambert's law (in a hemispherical spherical characteristic) approximately equal to the quotient of 16 times the aperture determining aperture number K (called the inverse aperture ratio) and the transmission coefficient T (always less than 1) of the banknote.
  • the maximum achievable contrast with Lambert scattering is approximately 64 times the reciprocal transmission coefficient 1 / T; at a f-number 4 it is already 256 times.
  • the apparatus similar SELFOC ® lenses with similar imaging properties on each front light source and sensor.
  • These consist of a parallel arrangement of small diameter optical fiber rod lenses with an upright 1: 1 image.
  • the array is substantially linear in the row direction with one or more rows perpendicular thereto.
  • the images generated by the individual rod lenses overlap to form a line-shaped image.
  • the aperture of each rod lens determines the aperture throughout the image. The smaller the aperture (aperture numbers between 2 and 5 are typical for the application described), the greater the contrast and the closer the illumination and imaging beam paths to the ideal of the telecentric beam path, the smaller the scale changes due to the banknotes flutter.
  • the design also has the advantage that the device in the direction of transport can be easily integrated to be inspected banknotes in a transport system of a bank note processing machine because of the small extent of the SELFOC ® lenses.
  • the small extent also allows a design as a free flight path, ie the transport system only reaches up to the front and rear limits of the device, while the transport system does not extend into the area of the device, whereby the banknotes are completely tested without coverage by the transport system can.
  • the single figure shows the basic structure of a device 1 for checking banknotes BN in a view in the transport direction of the banknotes to be tested and a view from the side.
  • the device 1 for checking banknotes BN has a line-shaped light source 2, 3, 4 and a line-shaped sensor 5, 6, 7.
  • the line-shaped sensor 5, 6, 7 can be formed by a line-shaped carrier 7 with photodiodes 6 or also by a line-shaped CCD or CMOS array become. With commercially available components, resolutions of 0.1 mm can be achieved without further ado.
  • Row-shaped light source 2, 3, 4 and line-shaped sensor 5, 4, 6 have expansions which correspond at least to the dimension of the largest bill to be examined.
  • the expansions are chosen to be greater than the dimension of the largest banknote to be examined in order to detect the edges of the banknote even in the event of fluctuations in its position relative to the sensor.
  • the size of the banknote is to be understood as either its length or its width.
  • Row-shaped light source 2, 3, 4 and line-shaped sensor 5, 6, 7 each have an aperture (9 is each a light beam in the two sectional planes shown), which are designed such that the aperture of the light source 2, 3, 4th is equal to or smaller than the aperture of the sensor 5, 6, 7.
  • the apertures of light source 2, 3, 4 and sensor 5, 6, 7 can each be formed by an imaging system 4 of the light source 2, 3, 4 and an imaging system 5 of the sensor 5, 6, 7.
  • the imaging systems 4 and 5 may be of similar construction, with similar imaging properties.
  • the imaging systems 4 and 5 can be formed by lenses. Particularly suitable for the lenses 4 and 5 are lens arrays, ie linearly arranged gradient lenses, which produce a 1: 1 image and detect only rays of a small angular range.
  • linear arranged gradient are known under the name SELFOC ®.
  • Linearly arranged gradient lenses also have the advantage that they have only a small extent in the direction of transport of the bank notes to be tested, z. B. 2 mm. This allows the installation of the device 1 in the transport system of a banknote processing machine with so-called free flight path, ie in the area of the device 1 are no parts of the transport system, which is why the surfaces of checking notes can be completely detected by the device 1 and the sensor 5, 6, 7.
  • the line-shaped light source 2, 3, 4 emits predominantly homogeneous light.
  • the light source 2, 3, 4 is formed by an Ulbricht cylinder 2 with bulbs 3, z. As LEDs or laser diodes.
  • the integrating cylinder 2 generates a homogeneously illuminated area in the plane of the bank notes to be checked via the imaging system 4, the luminous area being formed by the rear wall of the integrating cylinder 2.
  • the homogenization of the light is achieved by multiple stray reflection on the walls of the Ulbricht cylinder 2 and the blurred image of the rear wall by the imaging system 4, which has its focus approximately in the center of the Ulbricht cylinder 2.
  • Another possibility for homogenization is to allow a plurality of bulbs 3 laterally project into the Ulbricht cylinder 2. In this case, it is advantageous to attach the bulbs a distance from the ends (e.g., about 1/4 and 3/4 of the length).
  • the device 1 for checking banknotes BN is used to change the format of the banknotes BN to be checked and / or damage, such.
  • cracks or holes to determine what the processing of a generated by the sensor 5, 6, 7 from the signal by means of a suitable threshold binary signal is sufficient, which already detect small holes and cracks because of the described large contrast especially with high accuracy can.
  • the small defects mentioned at the outset, so-called microholes and microcracks can also be detected be, z. B. by needlesticks or laser perforation, etc. arise.
  • the device 1 is used to check banknotes BN to check areas with maximum transmission, so z. B. areas without printing or transparent areas, such as see-through register on banknotes with Kuststoff substrate. Within these areas, it is even possible to detect damage such as cracks and / or holes, even the small damages mentioned above, the crooked holes or microcracks.
  • the detection of damage can be improved if means for the opening of the damage, such as cracks and / or holes, are used in the review by the device 1. This can be done for example by compressed air, which is directed against the surface of the banknote BN. Likewise, the bill BN can be forged or bent by mechanical means, so that the damage can be clearly seen. Particularly in the case of the aforementioned microchips or microcracks, the recognition is markedly improved if the described active measures for opening the damages are made.
  • a further improvement in the processing of the signals of the sensor 5, 6, 7 can be achieved if the signals generated by the sensor 5, 6, 7 are generated and / or processed so that they have multiple gradations, d. H. the signals are generated and / or processed as gray scale signals.

Abstract

The invention relates to an apparatus for checking bank notes, having a linear sensor and a linear light source wherein the bank notes are moved past between the sensor and the light source for the check, and the sensor detects light from the light source transmitted by the bank notes. The invention starts out from the consideration of equipping the linear sensor and the linear light source each with an aperture such that the aperture of the light source is equal to or smaller than the aperture of the sensor.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung zur Prüfung von Banknoten, mit einem zeilenförmigen Sensor und einer zeilenförmigen Lichtquelle, bei der die Banknoten für die Prüfung zwischen dem Sensor und der Lichtquelle an diesen vorbei bewegt werden, wobei der Sensor durch die Banknoten transmittiertes Licht der Lichtquelle erfasst.The invention relates to a device for checking banknotes, comprising a line-shaped sensor and a line-shaped light source, in which the banknotes for the test between the sensor and the light source are moved past the latter, the sensor detecting light transmitted by the banknotes of the light source.

Derartige Vorrichtungen sind beispielsweise aus der DE 198 40 482 A 1 bekannt und werden üblicher Weise als Transmissionssensoren bezeichnet, da durch die zu prüfenden Banknoten transmittiertes Licht einer Lichtquelle von einem Sensor erfasst und ausgewertet wird. Dabei kann zwischen einer Hellfeld- und einer Dunkelfeld-Messung unterschieden werden, je nachdem, ob die Beleuchtung so angeordnet ist, dass das Licht aus der Quelle auf den Detektor trifft (Hellfeld) oder nicht (Dunkelfeld). Bei der DunkelfeldBeleuchtung erfasst der Detektor nur von der Banknote gestreutes, d.h. in seiner Richtung verändertes, Licht.Such devices are for example from the DE 198 40 482 A 1 known and are commonly referred to as transmission sensors, as detected by the banknotes to be tested transmitted light from a light source is detected and evaluated by a sensor. In this case, a distinction can be made between a bright field and a dark field measurement, depending on whether the illumination is arranged so that the light from the source hits the detector (bright field) or not (dark field). In dark field illumination, the detector detects only light scattered by the banknote, ie its direction.

Die bekannten Hellfeld-Vorrichtungen, wie z. B. in GB 2 093179 A beschrieben, werden häufig dazu verwendet, das Format von Banknoten und/oder Beschädigungen, z. B. Risse oder Löcher, durch Schattenwurf in den Banknoten zu erkennen. Dazu ist einerseits der helle Hintergrund unerläßlich, um z. B. die Beschädigungen von Bereichen mit dunkler Bedruckung sicher unterscheiden zu können. Andererseits soll der Schatten selbst möglichst dunkel sein. Insbesondere zur Erkennung kleiner Defekte (wie Nadellöcher oder nur schwach geöffnetet Risse) oder von lasererzeugten Perforationen mit Durchmessern der Größenordnung 0,05 mm muss der Kontrast der Banknoten zum Hintergrund möglichst hoch sein. Dies muss auch für Bereiche mit maximaler Transmission gelten, also z. B. Bereiche ohne Bedruckung oder sogar für transparente Bereiche wie Durchsichtregister auf Banknoten mit Kuststoff-Substrat.The known bright field devices, such. In GB 2 093179 A are often used to change the format of banknotes and / or damage, e.g. As cracks or holes to recognize by shadows in the banknotes. On the one hand, the bright background is indispensable to z. B. to be able to distinguish the damage of areas with dark printing safely. On the other hand, the shadow itself should be as dark as possible. In particular, for the detection of small defects (such as pinholes or weakly opened cracks) or laser-generated perforations with diameters of the order of 0.05 mm, the contrast of the banknotes to the background must be as high as possible. This must also apply to areas with maximum transmission, so z. B. areas without printing or even for transparent areas such as see-through register on banknotes with Kuststoff substrate.

Weiterhin ist in den üblichen Banknotenbearbeitungssystemen die Transportebene der Banknoten nur ungenau definiert; die Banknoten können um eine Soll-Ebene herum flattern, wodurch sich die Schnittweiten zu einer Beleuchtungs- und Abbildungsoptik ändern. Damit dieses Flatten nicht zu Intensitäts- und Maßstabsschwankungen führt, müssen beide Optiken genügend telezentrisch ausgelegt sein, d.h. sie dürfen nur Lichtstahlen verwenden, die nur wenige Grad von den Parallelen zur optischen Achse abweichen.Furthermore, in the usual banknote processing systems, the transport level of the banknotes is only vaguely defined; the banknotes may flutter about a desired plane, thereby changing the focal lengths to illumination and imaging optics. In order for this flattening not to cause intensity and scale variations, both optics must be designed to be sufficiently telecentric, i. they may only use light beams that deviate only a few degrees from the parallels to the optical axis.

Bei den bekannten Vorrichtungen für die Prüfung von Banknoten im Hellfeld wird für den Hintergrund in der Regel eine Zeile von Chip-LEDs oder eine hinterleuchtete Fläche verwendet. Dadurch wird der Kontrast auf einen niedrigeren Wert eingestellt, als er bei optimaler Beleuchtung erreicht werden kann, weil auch Lichtstrahlen die Banknote beleuchten, welche aufgrund ihrer Richtung zur optischen Achse zwar zum Streulicht, aber nicht zum Hintergrund beitragen können.In the known devices for the examination of bank notes in the bright field, a line of chip LEDs or a backlit surface is usually used for the background. As a result, the contrast is set to a lower value than can be achieved with optimal illumination, because light rays also illuminate the banknote, which, due to their direction to the optical axis, may contribute to the scattered light, but not to the background.

Es ist daher die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, eine Vorrichtung zur Prüfung von Banknoten mit einem zeilenförmigen Sensor und einer zeilenförmigen Lichtquelle anzugeben, bei der die Banknoten für die Prüfung zwischen dem Sensor und der Lichtquelle an diesen vorbei bewegt werden, wobei der Sensor durch die Banknoten transmittiertes Licht der Lichtquelle erfasst, die mit einer Lichtquelle mit möglichst geringer Lichtstärke auskommt, den Kontrast zwischen dem hellen Hintergrund und dem durch Streuung transmittierten Licht maximiert. Zusätzlich sollen nur kleine Maßstabsschwankungen beim Flattern der Banknoten zugelassen werden.It is therefore the object of the present invention to provide an apparatus for checking banknotes with a line-shaped sensor and a line-shaped light source, in which the banknotes for the test between the sensor and the light source are moved past them, wherein the sensor passes through the banknotes detected transmitted light of the light source, which manages with a light source with the lowest possible intensity, maximizes the contrast between the light background and the transmitted by scattering light. In addition, only small scale fluctuations when flapping the banknotes should be allowed.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch eine Vorrichtung mit den in Anspruch 1 angegebenen Merkmalen gelöst.This object is achieved by a device having the features specified in claim 1.

Die Erfindung geht dabei von einer Vorrichtung zur Prüfung von Banknoten mit einem zeilenförmigen Sensor und einer zeilenförmigen Lichtquelle aus, bei der die Banknoten für die Prüfung zwischen dem Sensor und der Lichtquelle an diesen vorbei bewegt werden, wobei der Sensor durch die Banknoten transmittiertes Licht der Lichtquelle erfasst, bei welcher der zeilenförmige Sensor und die zeilenförmige Lichtquelle jeweils eine Apertur derart aufweisen, dass die Apertur der Lichtquelle gleich oder kleiner der Apertur des Sensors ist, wobei beide Aperturen genügend klein sind. Die Lichtquelle enthält einen Ulbricht-Zylinder, der die zylindrische Ausführung der bekannten Ulbricht-Kugel ist und einen sich in Richtung des Lichtaustritts erweiternden Kanal mit geneigten, verspiegelten Wänden aufweist.The invention is based on a device for checking banknotes with a line-shaped sensor and a line-shaped light source, in which the banknotes for the test between the sensor and the light source are moved past them, wherein the sensor by the banknotes transmitted light of the light source detects, wherein the line-shaped sensor and the line-shaped light source each have an aperture such that the aperture of the light source is equal to or smaller than the aperture of the sensor, both apertures being sufficiently small. The light source includes an Ulbricht cylinder, which is the cylindrical version of the known integrating sphere and has a widening in the direction of the light emission channel with inclined, mirrored walls.

Die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung weist den Vorteil auf, dass durch die Anpassung der Apertur von Lichtquelle und Sensor alle Lichtstrahlen aus der Quelle, welche den vom Detektor erfassten Bereich der Banknote beleuchten, bei Abwesenheit einer Banknote den Detektor erreichen. Daher kann die Lichtstärke der Lichtquelle so gering gewählt werden, dass die Beleuchtungsstärke in der Ebene der Banknote nicht größer sein muß, als es für die Vollaussteuerung des Sensors bei Abwesenheit einer Banknote zwischen Lichtquelle und Sensor erforderlich ist. Dadurch ist nur eine geringe Lichtstärke der Lichtquelle erforderlich, wodurch die auftretende Verlustleistung stark verringert werden kann. Durch die Verwendung des Ulbricht-Zylinders wird zudem eine homogene, zeilenförmige Beleuchtung mit vorgegebener Apertur ermöglicht.The device according to the invention has the advantage that by adjusting the aperture of the light source and the sensor, all the light rays from the source, which illuminate the region of the bank note detected by the detector, reach the detector in the absence of a bank note. Therefore, the light intensity of the light source can be chosen so small that the illuminance in the plane of the bill must not be greater than is required for the full scale of the sensor in the absence of a bill between the light source and sensor. As a result, only a low light intensity of the light source is required, whereby the occurring power loss can be greatly reduced. The use of the Ulbricht cylinder also enables homogeneous, line-shaped illumination with a given aperture.

Zusätzlich wird durch die angepasste Apertur der Beleuchtung erreicht, dass das von den zu prüfenden Banknoten gestreute Licht minimiert wird, wodurch ein hoher Kontrast erreicht wird. Dieser Kontrast (hier definiert als Quotient des Signals ohne Banknote zum Signal mit Banknote) ist bei einer 1:1-Abbildung und idealer Streuung in der Banknote gemäß dem Lambert'schen Gesetz (in eine im Halbraum kugelförmige Charakteristik) annähernd gleich dem Quotienten aus dem 16-fachen der die Apertur bestimmenden Blendenzahl K (dereren Kehrwert Öffnungsverhältnis genannt wird) und dem Transmissionskoeffizienten T (stets kleiner 1) der Banknote.In addition, the adjusted aperture of the illumination ensures that the light scattered by the bank notes to be checked is minimized, whereby a high contrast is achieved. This contrast (defined here as quotient of the signal without banknote to the signal with banknote) is at a 1: 1 mapping and ideal scattering in the banknote according to Lambert's law (in a hemispherical spherical characteristic) approximately equal to the quotient of 16 times the aperture determining aperture number K (called the inverse aperture ratio) and the transmission coefficient T (always less than 1) of the banknote.

Haben also Beleuchtung und Abbildung jeweils eine Apertur, welche der Blendenzahl K = 2 entspricht, so ist der maximal erreichbare Kontrast bei Lambert-Streuung annähernd das 64-fache des reziproken Transmissionskoeffizienten 1 / T; bei einer Blendenzahl 4 ist es bereits das 256-fache.Thus, if illumination and imaging each have an aperture which corresponds to the f-number K = 2, the maximum achievable contrast with Lambert scattering is approximately 64 times the reciprocal transmission coefficient 1 / T; at a f-number 4 it is already 256 times.

In einer Ausgestaltung weist die Vorrichtung gleichartige SELFOC®-Linsen mit gleichartigen Abbildungseigenschaften jeweils vor Lichtquelle und Sensor auf. Diese bestehen aus einer parallelen Anordnung von Lichtleiter-Stablinsen kleinen Durchmessers mit aufrechter 1:1-Abbildung. Für die Abbildung eines zeilenförmigen Objekts ist die Anordnung im wesentlichen linear in Zeilenrichtung mit einer oder mehreren Reihen senkrecht dazu. Die von den einzelnen Stablinsen erzeugten Bilder überlagern sich zu einem zeilenförmigen Bild. Die Apertur der einzelnen Stablinse bestimmt die Apertur im gesamten Bild. Je kleiner die Apertur ist (typisch sind für die beschriebene Anwendung Blendenzahlen zwischen 2 und 5), um so größer wird der Kontrast und umso mehr nähern sich auch Beleuchtungs- und Abbildungsstrahlengänge dem Ideal des telezentrischen Strahlengangs an, umso geringer werden also auch Maßstabsänderungen durch das Banknoten-Flattern.In one embodiment, the apparatus similar SELFOC ® lenses with similar imaging properties on each front light source and sensor. These consist of a parallel arrangement of small diameter optical fiber rod lenses with an upright 1: 1 image. For imaging a line-shaped object, the array is substantially linear in the row direction with one or more rows perpendicular thereto. The images generated by the individual rod lenses overlap to form a line-shaped image. The aperture of each rod lens determines the aperture throughout the image. The smaller the aperture (aperture numbers between 2 and 5 are typical for the application described), the greater the contrast and the closer the illumination and imaging beam paths to the ideal of the telecentric beam path, the smaller the scale changes due to the banknotes flutter.

Die Verwendung von preiswerten SELFOC®-Linsen macht einen näherungsweise telezentrischen Strahlengang überhaupt erst in kompakter Bauform möglich und zu wesentlich geringeren Kosten realisierbar. Herkömmliche telezentrische Objektive sind sehr groß in ihrer Bauform. Insbesondere muss ihr Durchmesser gleich der größten zu erfassenden Dimension sein, das wären für den zu erfassendenn Spalt ca.100 mm. Von derselben Größenordnung muss dann auch deren Brennweite sein; die Baulänge beträgt davon meist noch das Drei- bis Vierfache.The use of inexpensive SELFOC ® lenses makes an approximately telecentric beam path in the first place in a compact design possible and at much lower costs realized. Conventional telecentric lenses are very large in their design. Especially if its diameter must be equal to the largest dimension to be detected, that would be about 100 mm for the gap to be detected. Of the same order of magnitude must then be their focal length; The overall length of this is usually still three to four times.

Die Ausgestaltung weist weiterhin den Vorteil auf, dass die Vorrichtung wegen der geringen Ausdehnung der SELFOC®-Linsen in Richtung des Transports der zu prüfenden Banknoten leicht in ein Transportsystem einer Banknotenbearbeitungsmaschine integriert werden kann. Insbesondere erlaubt die geringe Ausdehnung auch eine Ausgestaltung als Freiflugstrecke, d. h. das Transportsystem reicht nur bis an die vordere und hintere Begrenzung der Vorrichtung heran, während das Transportsystem nicht in den Bereich der Vorrichtung hinein reicht, wodurch die Banknoten ohne Abdeckung durch das Transportsystem vollständig geprüft werden können.The design also has the advantage that the device in the direction of transport can be easily integrated to be inspected banknotes in a transport system of a bank note processing machine because of the small extent of the SELFOC ® lenses. In particular, the small extent also allows a design as a free flight path, ie the transport system only reaches up to the front and rear limits of the device, while the transport system does not extend into the area of the device, whereby the banknotes are completely tested without coverage by the transport system can.

Weitere Vorteile der vorliegenden Erfindung werden nachfolgend anhand der beigefügten Figur näher erläutert und beschrieben.Further advantages of the present invention will be explained and described below with reference to the accompanying figure.

Die einzige Figur zeigt den prinzipiellen Aufbau einer Vorrichtung 1 zur Prüfung von Banknoten BN in einer Ansicht in Transportrichtung der zu prüfenden Banknoten und einer Ansicht von der Seite.The single figure shows the basic structure of a device 1 for checking banknotes BN in a view in the transport direction of the banknotes to be tested and a view from the side.

Die Vorrichtung 1 zur Prüfung von Banknoten BN weist eine zeilenförmige Lichtquelle 2, 3, 4 und einen zeilenförmigen Sensor 5, 6, 7 auf. Der zeilenförmige Sensor 5, 6, 7 kann von einem zeilenförmigen Träger 7 mit Fotodioden 6 oder auch von einem zeilenförmigen CCD- oder CMOS-Array gebildet werden. Mit marktüblichen Bauteilen können damit ohne weiteres Auflösungen von 0,1 mm erreicht werden. Zeilenförmige Lichtquelle 2, 3, 4 und zeilenförmiger Sensor 5, 4, 6 weisen Ausdehnungen auf, die mindestens der Abmessung der größten zu untersuchenden Banknote entsprechen. Vorteilhaft werden die Ausdehnungen jedoch größer als die Abmessung der größten zu untersuchenden Banknote gewählt, um die Ränder der Banknote auch bei Schwankungen ihrer Lage relativ zum Sensor zu erfassen. Abhängig vom Transport der zu prüfenden Banknoten ist unter Abmessung der Banknote entweder deren Länge oder Breite zu verstehen.The device 1 for checking banknotes BN has a line-shaped light source 2, 3, 4 and a line-shaped sensor 5, 6, 7. The line-shaped sensor 5, 6, 7 can be formed by a line-shaped carrier 7 with photodiodes 6 or also by a line-shaped CCD or CMOS array become. With commercially available components, resolutions of 0.1 mm can be achieved without further ado. Row-shaped light source 2, 3, 4 and line-shaped sensor 5, 4, 6 have expansions which correspond at least to the dimension of the largest bill to be examined. Advantageously, however, the expansions are chosen to be greater than the dimension of the largest banknote to be examined in order to detect the edges of the banknote even in the event of fluctuations in its position relative to the sensor. Depending on the transport of the banknotes to be checked, the size of the banknote is to be understood as either its length or its width.

Zeilenförmige Lichtquelle 2, 3, 4 und zeilenförmiger Sensor 5, 6, 7 weisen jeweils eine Apertur (mit 9 ist je ein Lichtbündel in den beiden gezeigten Schnittebenen bezeichnet) auf, die derart gestaltet sind, dass die Apertur der Lichtquelle 2, 3, 4 gleich oder kleiner der Apertur des Sensors 5, 6, 7 ist. Die Aperturen von Lichtquelle 2, 3, 4 und Sensor 5, 6, 7 können von jeweils einem abbildenden System 4 der Lichtquelle 2, 3, 4 und einem abbildenden System 5 des Sensors 5, 6, 7 gebildet werden. Insbesondere können die abbildenden Systeme 4 und 5 gleichartig aufgebaut sein, mit gleichartigen Abbildungseigenschaften. Die abbildenden Systeme 4 und 5 können von Linsen gebildet werden. Besonders geeignet für die Linsen 4 und 5 sind Linsenarrays, d. h. linear angeordnete Gradientenlinsen, welche eine 1:1-Abbildung erzeugen und nur Strahlen eines kleinen Winkelbereichs erfassen. Derartige, linear angeordnete Gradientenlinsen sind unter der Bezeichnung SELFOC® bekannt. Linear angeordnete Gradientenlinsen weisen zudem den Vorteil auf, dass sie in Richtung des Transports der zu prüfenden Banknoten nur eine geringe Ausdehnung aufweisen, z. B. 2 mm. Dies erlaubt den Einbau der Vorrichtung 1 in das Transportsystem einer Banknotenbearbeitungsmaschine mit sogenannter Freiflugstrecke, d. h. im Bereich der Vorrichtung 1 befinden sich keine Teile des Transportsystems, weshalb die Flächen der zu prüfenden Banknoten vollständig von der Vorrichtung 1 bzw. dem Sensor 5, 6, 7 erfasst werden können.Row-shaped light source 2, 3, 4 and line-shaped sensor 5, 6, 7 each have an aperture (9 is each a light beam in the two sectional planes shown), which are designed such that the aperture of the light source 2, 3, 4th is equal to or smaller than the aperture of the sensor 5, 6, 7. The apertures of light source 2, 3, 4 and sensor 5, 6, 7 can each be formed by an imaging system 4 of the light source 2, 3, 4 and an imaging system 5 of the sensor 5, 6, 7. In particular, the imaging systems 4 and 5 may be of similar construction, with similar imaging properties. The imaging systems 4 and 5 can be formed by lenses. Particularly suitable for the lenses 4 and 5 are lens arrays, ie linearly arranged gradient lenses, which produce a 1: 1 image and detect only rays of a small angular range. Such, linear arranged gradient are known under the name SELFOC ®. Linearly arranged gradient lenses also have the advantage that they have only a small extent in the direction of transport of the bank notes to be tested, z. B. 2 mm. This allows the installation of the device 1 in the transport system of a banknote processing machine with so-called free flight path, ie in the area of the device 1 are no parts of the transport system, which is why the surfaces of checking notes can be completely detected by the device 1 and the sensor 5, 6, 7.

Weiterhin können in Kombination mit den abbildenden Systemen 4 und/ oder 5 nicht dargestellte Blenden verwendet werden, zu einer weiteren Einstellung der jeweils gewünschten Apertur.Furthermore, in combination with the imaging systems 4 and / or 5 panels, not shown, can be used to further adjust the respective desired aperture.

Die zeilenförmige Lichtquelle 2, 3, 4 sendet vorwiegend homogenes Licht aus. Vorteilhaft wird die Lichtquelle 2, 3, 4 dazu von einem Ulbricht-Zylinder 2 mit Leuchtmitteln 3 gebildet, z. B. LEDs oder Laserdioden. Der Ulbricht-Zylinder 2 erzeugt über das abbildende System 4 eine homogen beleuchtete Fläche in der Ebene der zu prüfenden Banknoten, wobei die Leuchtfläche von der Rückwand des Ulbricht-Zylinders 2 gebildet wird. Die Homogenisierung des Lichts wird durch mehrfache Streureflexion an den Wänden des Ulbricht-Zylinders 2 und die unscharfe Abbildung der Rückwand durch das abbildende System 4, welches seinen Fokus etwa in der Mitte des Ulbricht-Zylinders 2 hat, erreicht. Bei einer Länge von 100 mm, einem Zylinderradius von 10 mm und einer Auskoppel-Spaltbreite von 1 mm kann ein Wirkungsgrad von ca. 15 % für das ausgekoppelte Licht erreicht werden. Durch Anschließen eines ein Richtung auf das abbildende System 4 sich von beispielsweise 1 auf 2 mm erweiternden Kanals 8 mit etwa 30° geneigten, spiegelnden Wänden unmittelbar an die Zylinderwand, kann der Wirkungsgrad der Auskopplung etwa verdoppelt werden und somit die Leistung der Leuchtmittel 3 entsprechend verringert werden.The line-shaped light source 2, 3, 4 emits predominantly homogeneous light. Advantageously, the light source 2, 3, 4 is formed by an Ulbricht cylinder 2 with bulbs 3, z. As LEDs or laser diodes. The integrating cylinder 2 generates a homogeneously illuminated area in the plane of the bank notes to be checked via the imaging system 4, the luminous area being formed by the rear wall of the integrating cylinder 2. The homogenization of the light is achieved by multiple stray reflection on the walls of the Ulbricht cylinder 2 and the blurred image of the rear wall by the imaging system 4, which has its focus approximately in the center of the Ulbricht cylinder 2. With a length of 100 mm, a cylinder radius of 10 mm and a decoupling gap width of 1 mm, an efficiency of approx. 15% for the decoupled light can be achieved. By connecting a one direction of the imaging system 4, for example, 1 to 2 mm expanding channel 8 with approximately 30 ° inclined, reflecting walls directly to the cylinder wall, the efficiency of the coupling can be approximately doubled and thus reduces the power of the lamps 3 accordingly become.

Als weitere Mittel zur Verbesserung des Auskoppelgrades können Prismenfolien und/ oder oder reflektierende Polarisatoren (VIKUITI™ von 3M) in den Auskoppelspalt des Ulbricht-Zylinders 2 eingebracht werden. Diese wurden für die Lichtkonzentration in den nutzbaren Blickwinkel und verlustarme Polarisation bei LCD-Displays entwickelt. Die Detektion von polarisiertem Licht mit einem parallelen Polarisator auf der Seite des Sensors 5, 6, 7 ergibt außerdem eine weitere Erhöhung des Kontrasts um den Faktor 2, da die Streuung die Polarisation aufhebt und damit das Signal halbiert.As further means for improving the Auskoppelgrades prism sheets and / or reflective polarizers (VIKUITI ™ of 3M) can be introduced into the coupling-out gap of the Ulbricht cylinder 2. These were for the light concentration in the usable angle and low loss Polarization developed in LCD displays. The detection of polarized light with a parallel polarizer on the side of the sensor 5, 6, 7 also results in a further increase in the contrast by a factor of 2, since the scattering cancels the polarization and thus halves the signal.

Werden die Leuchtmittel 3, wie dargestellt, an den Enden des Ulbricht-Zylinders 2 angebracht, ergibt sich wegen kontinuierlicher Auskoppelverluste in Längsrichtung ein Abfall zur Mitte hin. Die Inhomogenität wird um so größer, je kleiner der diffuse Reflexionskoeffizient der Wand des Ulbricht-Zylinders 2 ist. Bei vorgegebenem Reflexionskoeffizient erhält man eine homogenere Auskopplung, wenn man die Wand partiell in Bereichen reflektierend gestaltet, die nicht direkt von dem abbildenden System 4 erfasst werden können.If the lighting means 3, as shown, attached to the ends of the Ulbricht cylinder 2, results due to continuous Auskoppelverluste in the longitudinal direction, a drop towards the center. The inhomogeneity becomes greater the smaller the diffuse reflection coefficient of the wall of the integrating cylinder 2 is. For a given reflection coefficient to obtain a more homogeneous coupling, if the wall partially designed in areas reflective that can not be detected directly by the imaging system 4.

Eine andere Möglichkeit zur Homogenisierung besteht darin, mehrere Leuchtmittel 3 seitlich in den Ulbricht-Zylinder 2 hineinragen zu lassen. In diesem Fall ist es ist es vorteilhaft, die Leuchtmittel ein Stück von den Enden entfernt (z.B. bei ca. 1/4 und 3/4 der Länge) anzubringen.Another possibility for homogenization is to allow a plurality of bulbs 3 laterally project into the Ulbricht cylinder 2. In this case, it is advantageous to attach the bulbs a distance from the ends (e.g., about 1/4 and 3/4 of the length).

Besonders vorteilhaft wird die Vorrichtung 1 zur Prüfung von Banknoten BN dazu verwendet, das Format der zu prüfenden Banknoten BN und/ oder Beschädigungen, wie z. B. Risse oder Löcher, zu ermitteln, wozu die Verarbeitung eines durch den Sensor 5, 6, 7 aus dem Signal mit Hilfe einer geeigneten Schwelle erzeugten binären Signals ausreicht, das wegen des beschriebenen großen Kontrasts besonders mit hoher Genauigkeit bereits kleine Löcher und Risse detektieren kann. Insbesondere können auch die eingangs erwähnten kleinen Defekte, sogenannte Mikrolöcher und Mikrorisse, detektiert werden, die z. B. durch Nadelstiche bzw. Laserperforation usw. entstehen.Particularly advantageously, the device 1 for checking banknotes BN is used to change the format of the banknotes BN to be checked and / or damage, such. As cracks or holes to determine what the processing of a generated by the sensor 5, 6, 7 from the signal by means of a suitable threshold binary signal is sufficient, which already detect small holes and cracks because of the described large contrast especially with high accuracy can. In particular, the small defects mentioned at the outset, so-called microholes and microcracks, can also be detected be, z. B. by needlesticks or laser perforation, etc. arise.

Ebenso vorteilhaft wird die Vorrichtung 1 zur Prüfung von Banknoten BN dazu verwendet, Bereiche mit maximaler Transmission zu prüfen, also z. B. Bereiche ohne Bedruckung oder transparente Bereiche, wie Durchsichtregister auf Banknoten mit Kuststoff-Substrat. Innerhalb dieser Bereiche ist es sogar möglich Beschädigungen wie Risse und/ oder Löcher zu erkennen, auch die oben erwähnten kleinen Beschädigungen, die Mir krolöcher bzw. Mikrorisse.Likewise advantageously, the device 1 is used to check banknotes BN to check areas with maximum transmission, so z. B. areas without printing or transparent areas, such as see-through register on banknotes with Kuststoff substrate. Within these areas, it is even possible to detect damage such as cracks and / or holes, even the small damages mentioned above, the crooked holes or microcracks.

Die Erkennung von Beschädigungen kann verbessert werden, wenn Mittel für die Öffnung der Beschädigungen, wie Risse und/ oder Löcher, bei der Überprüfung durch die Vorrichtung 1 verwendet werden. Dies kann beispielsweise durch Preßluft geschehen, die gegen die Oberfläche der Banknote BN gerichtet ist. Ebenso kann die Banknote BN durch mechanische Mittel gewalkt oder gebogen werden, so daß die Beschädigungen deutlich zu erkennen sind. Besonders bei den genannten Mir kolöchern bzw. Mikrorissen, wird die Erkennung deutlich verbessert, wenn die beschriebenen aktiven Maßnahmen zur Öffnung der Beschädigungen vorgenommen werden.The detection of damage can be improved if means for the opening of the damage, such as cracks and / or holes, are used in the review by the device 1. This can be done for example by compressed air, which is directed against the surface of the banknote BN. Likewise, the bill BN can be forged or bent by mechanical means, so that the damage can be clearly seen. Particularly in the case of the aforementioned microchips or microcracks, the recognition is markedly improved if the described active measures for opening the damages are made.

Eine weitere Verbesserung der Verarbeitung der Signale des Sensors 5, 6, 7 kann erreicht werden, wenn die vom Sensor 5, 6, 7 erzeugten Signale derart erzeugt und/oder verarbeitet werden, daß sie mehrere Abstufungen aufweisen, d. h. die Signale werden als Graustufensignale erzeugt und/ oder verarbeitet. A further improvement in the processing of the signals of the sensor 5, 6, 7 can be achieved if the signals generated by the sensor 5, 6, 7 are generated and / or processed so that they have multiple gradations, d. H. the signals are generated and / or processed as gray scale signals.

Claims (9)

  1. An apparatus (1) for checking bank notes (BN), having a line-type sensor (5, 6, 7) and a line-type light source (2, 3, 4), wherein the bank notes (BN) are moved for the check between the sensor (5, 6, 7) and the light source (2, 3, 4) past said two, whereby the sensor (5, 6, 7) captures light from the light source (2, 3, 4) transmitted through the bank notes (BN), the line-type sensor (5, 6, 7) and the line-type light source (2, 3, 4) respectively have an aperture (9) such that the aperture of the light source (2, 3, 4) is equal to or smaller than the aperture of the sensor (5, 6, 7),
    characterized in that
    the light source (2, 3, 4) is formed by an Ulbricht cylinder (2) which has a channel (8) broadening in the direction of the light exit and having inclined, mirror-coated walls.
  2. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the apertures (9) of the sensor (5, 6, 7) and of the light source (2, 3, 4) are respectively formed by an imaging system (4 and 5).
  3. The apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that the imaging systems (4 and 5) are of like structure, with like imaging properties.
  4. The apparatus according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the imaging systems (4 and 5) are formed by lenses.
  5. The apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that the lenses are formed by linearly arranged gradient index lenses.
  6. The apparatus according to any of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the line-type light source (2, 3, 4) emits homogeneous light along at least a part of its extension.
  7. The apparatus according to any of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that a polarizer is provided on the side of the light source (2, 3, 4) and on the side of the sensor respectively, the polarizers being oriented parallel.
  8. The apparatus according to any of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that means are provided for the opening of defects present in the bank notes (BN).
  9. The apparatus according to any of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the apparatus is employed for recognizing defects, in particular microtears and/or microholes.
EP04739296A 2003-05-23 2004-05-21 Device for checking banknotes Not-in-force EP1629441B1 (en)

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DE10323409A DE10323409A1 (en) 2003-05-23 2003-05-23 Device for checking banknotes
PCT/EP2004/005514 WO2004104948A1 (en) 2003-05-23 2004-05-21 Device for checking banknotes

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EP1629441B1 true EP1629441B1 (en) 2011-11-09

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US20070182951A1 (en) 2007-08-09
US7414710B2 (en) 2008-08-19
ATE533133T1 (en) 2011-11-15
AU2004241493A1 (en) 2004-12-02
WO2004104948A1 (en) 2004-12-02
RU2005140060A (en) 2007-07-20
AU2004241493B2 (en) 2008-10-16
EP1629441A1 (en) 2006-03-01
DE10323409A1 (en) 2004-12-09

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