EP1626127B1 - Milling apparatus and method for obtaining a milled hole - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a milling device for drilling a milling hole in the ground according to the preamble of claim 1. The invention further relates to a method for creating a milling hole in the ground according to the preamble of claim 11.

A known milling device has inter alia a carrier on which at least two cutting wheels are rotatably mounted about a Fräsraddrehachse, and at least one Fräsradantriebseinrichtung for rotationally driving the cutting wheels on the carrier. In a generic method is provided, inter alia, that at least two rotatably mounted on a carrier cutting wheels are offset by a Fräsradantriebseinrichtung by one Fräsraddrehachse in rotation, and the carrier is driven with the cutting wheels in a Abteufrichtung in the ground.

For creating milling holes with rectangular Fräslochquerschnitt are for example from the EP 0 735 199 B1 Trench wall milling known. Such trench wall cutters have two staggered pairs of cutting wheels, which rotate in opposite directions on parallel, horizontal axes. In this case soil is detached at the cutting wheels and conveyed into an intermediate space between the two cutting wheels, from where it is transported by means of a suction device upwards.

A milling head and a method for producing milling holes with round Fräslochquerschnitt in the ground are from the EP 0 819 819 B1 known. The from the EP 0 819 819 B1 known milling head has four cutting wheels which are rotatably mounted about a common Fräsradachse, which is directed radially to Abteufrichtung the milling head. To form a round Fräskopfquerschnittes taper the diameter of the cutting wheels, starting from the center of the milling head in the axial direction of the common Fräsradachse.

From the US-A 4,629,010 a device for creating vertical manholes is known. The device has at least two drum-like Abtragungsköpfe, the drum rotation axes are arranged substantially horizontally and in parallel. The ablation heads can be rotatably mounted about a vertical axis. This can be used to change the radial position of the milling heads before they are lowered.

The US-A 4,904,119 discloses a milling device with four milling drums, which together form an approximately circular milling cross section.

The US 3,391,751 describes a drilling apparatus having a driven shaft and a tubular housing arranged for counter rotation with respect to the shaft. On the housing, a plurality of cutting tools is rotatably mounted.

The object of the invention is to provide a milling device and a method for creating a milling hole in the ground, with which milling holes can be produced in a variety of soil geologies in a particularly faster, safer and more economical way.

This object is achieved by a milling device with the features of claim 1 and by a method for creating a milling hole in the ground with the features of claim 11. Preferred embodiments are given in the respective dependent claims.

In a milling device according to the invention, a drive device for rotationally driving the carrier together with the cutting wheels about a carrier axis of rotation, which is directed approximately parallel to the Abteufrichtung provided.

A first basic idea of the invention can be seen in a drive device with which the carrier together with the at least two cutting wheels can be set into a rotational movement. By means of the drive means, the relative position of the cutting wheels with respect to the ground can be varied. In particular, by rotating the carrier together with the cutting wheels about the carrier axis of rotation, a milling hole with a round milling hole cross section can be created without the cutting wheels themselves having to have a round cross section, ie a tapering diameter. Thus, to achieve a good milling progress particularly suitable cutting wheel shapes can be selected, for example, an approximately rectangular Fräsradquerschnitt can be provided.

The milling device can in particular be designed so that upon rotation of the carrier by means of the drive means only about a quarter of the total circumference of the cutting wheels is engaged with the upcoming soil material. The milling device according to the invention can thus be referred to as a partially cut-milling device, in which the maximum dimensions of the cutting wheels are smaller than the cross section of the milling hole. In contrast to full-cut milling devices in which about half or more of Fräsradumfanges attacking the pending ground, in a milling device according to the invention is given a smaller contact area with the upcoming ground and therefore to achieve the same contact pressure of the cutting wheels on Fräslochgrund a correspondingly lower contact force in Abteufrichtung required. This makes it possible to produce milling holes with a comparatively low load, which is why the milling device according to the invention can be operated particularly simply and economically. In the case of a milling device according to the invention, the contact pressure can remain essentially the same, in particular even when the milling hole diameter and / or the cutting wheel diameter change.

The milling device according to the invention is particularly suitable for the production of foundation elements, in particular of piles, in the ground and can therefore also be referred to as a pile cutter. Preferably, by means of the milling device according to the invention, the foundation elements can also be incorporated into rocky soils.

Under the Abteufrichtung in the sense of the invention can be understood in particular the direction in which the carrier is driven with the cutting wheels when sinking the milling hole, ie the longitudinal direction of the milling hole to be created. According to the invention, the carrier axis of rotation extends in this Abteufrichtung and forms the longitudinal axis of the milling hole. A particularly suitable for receiving the milling forces occurring during milling operation can be obtained that the cutting wheels and / or their Fräsraddrehachsen are arranged symmetrically to the carrier axis of rotation. According to the invention it is provided that the angle between the Fräsraddrehachsen and the carrier axis of rotation about 90 °. According to the invention, however, the Fräsraddrehachsen are arranged with an offset to the support axis of rotation, which can be achieved particularly large Fräslochdurchmesser.

A preferred development of a milling device according to the invention is that a pivoting device is provided with which at least one of the cutting wheels on the carrier is pivotable, in particular hochschwenkbar. Under pivoting can be understood in particular a change in the angle between the Fräsraddrehachse the at least one cutting wheel and the carrier axis of rotation. By pivoting the at least one cutting wheel, an external point of application of this cutting wheel on the upcoming floor with respect to the carrier and / or the carrier axis of rotation can be changed and thus the current cutting radius can be varied. In particular, the at least one cutting wheel can be pivoted depending on the depth and thus a milling hole can be obtained whose diameter varies over the depth. As a result, for example, milling holes can be produced, which are widened at the bottom of the milling hole to form a pile base. Optionally, by targeted fräslochgrundseitiges extension of the milling hole sealing elements, in particular brine elements, are produced. Due to the pivotable arrangement of at least one of the cutting wheels, a particularly large excavation area can be covered in a particularly compact design of the milling device. The pivoting device advantageously has a bearing device, by means of which the at least one cutting wheel is pivotally mounted about a horizontal axis. In addition, the pivoting device suitably has a pivoting drive, in particular with at least one hydraulic pivoting cylinder, for the driven pivoting of the at least one cutting wheel. In order to obtain a symmetrical distribution of forces on the carrier and thus a particularly robust milling device, is It is advantageous that both cutting wheels are pivotable on the carrier, wherein the pivoting is suitably carried out simultaneously and preferably about a common horizontal pivot axis. Under pivoting can be understood in particular that the at least one cutting wheel is lifted during pivoting with respect to the ground of the milling hole.

A particularly useful development of a milling device according to the invention is further characterized in that the carrier is arranged on the end side of a pipe string. This pipe string, which in particular can lead to a construction equipment arranged outside the milling hole, can be used to transmit ballast forces, i. of contact forces, to serve the carrier with the cutting wheels. However, the milling device can also be suspended, for example, on a carrying part. A particularly versatile milling device is given by the fact that the carrier with respect to the pipe frame by means of a pivot drive is pivotable.

A running of the milling device during their operation can be particularly effective reduced by the fact that the carrier and / or the pipe string a guide device, in particular a guide ring, is provided for supporting the carrier or the pipe string on a perforated wall. Optionally, a plurality of guide means on the support and / or the pipe string can be provided one above the other, whereby a guide is given in several levels. The guide device suitably has guide shoes which are provided for contact with the perforated wall of the milling hole and which are connected to the carrier and / or the pipe string via struts extending radially to the carrier axis of rotation. Advantageously, the guide shoes are designed in the form of a guide ring, which can also be executed interrupted. If the milling hole is produced with the introduction of a support tube, the guide device can also be provided for supporting on this support tube.

In particular, when the milling device is designed for producing milling holes with a variable milling hole diameter, it may be advantageous for the guide device to be designed to be adjustable in diameter. For this purpose, for example, an adjusting device may be provided, with which the length of the struts on which the guide shoes are arranged, is variable. If a guide ring is provided, this may be formed segment-like for diameter adjustment.

A particularly precise guidance of the milling device according to the invention when drilling the milling hole can be given by the fact that a clamping device for fixing the pipe string is provided in a support tube, and that the pipe string is axially extendable for propelling the carrier. As a result, the pipe frame can be kept particularly short and thus a running of the milling device can be effectively reduced. For axial lengthening of the pipe string, hydraulic pressure cylinders are suitably provided. In this preferred embodiment, the contact pressure is at least partially applied by the pressure cylinder. In principle, however, even the weight of the milling device can be sufficient for a sufficient contact pressure.

It is particularly preferred according to the invention that the drive means between the pipe string and the carrier and / or in an upper region of the pipe string is arranged. If the drive device is arranged in the upper region, this can advantageously also be provided outside the milling hole, in particular on a construction device. The drive device and / or the Fräsradantriebseinrichtung suitably have hydraulic motors. In this case, the drive device and the Fräsradeinrichtung may also be formed with a common motor. The cutting wheel drive device can be provided, for example, on the carrier, but also on the upper region of the pipe string.

The milling device according to the invention is further characterized in that the Fräsraddrehachse is arranged at least one cutting wheel relative to the carrier axis of rotation with an offset, and that in particular a Fräsradversatzantrieb is provided for changing the offset. Due to the offset of the at least one cutting wheel whose point of attack on the upcoming soil material with respect to the support axis of rotation is displaced radially outward, with the result that the milling cross-section is increased at the same Fräsraddurchmesser. It is particularly advantageous in terms of force symmetry that both cutting wheels are arranged with the same offset relative to the carrier axis of rotation. Advantageously, the Fräsraddrehachsen are pre-offset relative to the carrier axis of rotation in the direction of rotation of the carrier. The cutting wheel offset drive makes it possible to change the offset, in particular during the lowering of the milling device and thus to produce a milling hole with a variable hole diameter. Suitably, the cutting wheel offset drive is designed to simultaneously and similarly change the offset of all Fräsraddrehachsen.

A milling device with a particularly good milling progress can be obtained according to the invention in that the cutting wheels are designed as Fräsradpaare with two Einzelfräsrädern, and that the Einzelfräsräder the Fräsradpaare are each mounted on a bearing plate, which is pivotally mounted on the carrier. A structurally particularly simple milling device can be obtained in that the two individual milling wheels each Fräsradpaares each have an identical axis of rotation. Advantageously, each pair of cutting wheels on their own Fräsradantriebsmotor, which may be provided in particular on the common bearing plate. It is particularly preferred that all bearing plates are mounted pivotably about a common horizontal pivot axis.

A particularly good milling progress can also be given according to the invention in that the cutting wheels have milling tools on the circumferential and / or front side. The milling tools can be configured for example as a milling teeth or milling rollers. An end-face arrangement of the milling tools is particularly advantageous if the cutting wheels are pivotally mounted on the carrier, since the cutting wheels during pivoting during the drilling of the cutting device can also be frontally engaged with the upcoming soil material. The cutting wheels themselves are suitably at least approximately cylindrical, wherein between the peripheral surface, which may also be referred to as a cylinder jacket, and the end face advantageously a beveled intermediate region is provided. The cutting wheels are suitably rotated in the same direction or in opposite directions, that the mined soil material is fed to a arranged on the carrier suction port of a pump. The cutting wheels, in particular the individual milling wheels, can advantageously be provided exchangeably on the carrier. As a result, the cutting wheels can be particularly simple, for example, by cutting wheels with different Fräsraddurchmesser, replaced and thus the Fräslochdurchmesser be changed. Also, the cutting wheels can be replaced by wheels with different milling tools when encountered in the course of the milling process on a modified soil geology. By replacing the cutting wheels thus milling holes can be created with a particularly large diameter and incorporated into rock.

In the method according to the invention it is provided that the support is simultaneously rotated together with the cutting wheels by means of a drive means about a support axis of rotation, which is directed approximately parallel to the Abteufrichtung. In carrying out the method according to the invention, in particular the milling device according to the invention can be used, whereby the advantages explained in connection with the milling device can be achieved.

In principle, it is possible according to the invention to rotate the carrier while constantly maintaining the direction of rotation about the carrier axis of rotation. However, it is particularly preferred that the direction of rotation of the carrier alternately changed about the carrier axis of rotation becomes. For a particularly fast Fräslochherstellung it is advantageous that the direction of rotation is changed in each case after sweeping a rotation angle of about 180 °.

A particularly preferred development of the method according to the invention is characterized in that at least one of the cutting wheels, in particular as a function of the angle of rotation of the carrier about the carrier axis of rotation, pivoted on the carrier, in particular is pivoted up. By pivoting the at least one cutting wheel, it is possible to change the erosion radius of the cutting wheel momentarily and thus to vary the milling hole diameter depending on the depth of the milling hole. This makes it possible, for example, to produce undercut pile bores, which are widened in particular in the foot area. The rotation angle-dependent pivoting of the cutting wheel also makes it possible to produce milling holes with round Fräslochquerschnitten that differ from a circular shape. In particular, milling holes and foundation piles can be made with elliptical cross-section, which can lead to material savings in large pile diameters and corresponding planforms. It is particularly advantageous that both cutting wheels are pivoted simultaneously and symmetrically. The simultaneous pivotal movement of both cutting wheels can also be referred to as spreading. While an adjustability of the cutting wheels can be given about a vertical axis by the drive means, an adjustment can be given about a horizontal axis by the pivoting means. By overlaying the two adjustment options, the milling hole cross section can be varied in a particularly diverse manner.

Fig. 1

eine teilweise geschnittene Seitenansicht einer erfindungsgemäßen Fräsvorrichtung;

Fig. 2

eine Frontansicht der Fräsvorrichtung aus Fig. 1, bei der die Fräsräder im unverschwenkten Zustand mit durchgezogener Linie und im hochgeschwenkten Zustand mit gestrichelter Linie dargestellt sind;

Fig. 3

eine perspektivische Ansicht der Fräsvorrichtung aus Fig. 1 mit unverschwenkten Fräsrädern;

Fig. 4

eine perspektivische Ansicht der Fräsvorrichtung aus Fig. 1 mit hochgeschwenkten Fräsrädern;

Fig. 5

eine Draufsicht auf die Fräsvorrichtung aus Fig. 1, bei der die Fräsräder im unverschwenkten Zustand mit durchgezogener Linie und im hochgeschwenkten Zustand mit gestrichelter Linie dargestellt sind;

Fig. 6

eine Draufsicht auf die horizontal verschwenkten Fräsräder einer zweiten Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Fräsvorrichtung;

Fig. 7

eine Schnittansicht A-A der Fräsräder aus Fig. 6; und

Fig. 8

eine perspektivische Ansicht der Fräsräder aus Fig. 6.

The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to preferred embodiments, which are shown schematically in the figures. In the figures show:

Fig. 1

a partially sectioned side view of a milling device according to the invention;

Fig. 2

a front view of the milling device of Figure 1, in which the cutting wheels are shown in the untwisted state with a solid line and in the swung-up state with a dashed line.

Fig. 3

a perspective view of the milling device of Figure 1 with unverschwenkten cutting wheels.

Fig. 4

a perspective view of the milling device of Figure 1 with swiveled cutting wheels.

Fig. 5

a plan view of the milling device of Figure 1, in which the cutting wheels are shown in the untwisted state by a solid line and in the swung-up state with a dashed line.

Fig. 6

a plan view of the horizontally pivoted cutting wheels of a second embodiment of a milling device according to the invention;

Fig. 7

a sectional view AA of the cutting wheels of Fig. 6; and

Fig. 8

a perspective view of the cutting wheels of FIG. 6th

A milling device according to the invention is shown in FIGS. 1 to 5. The milling device has a frame 20 formed as a carrier, on the bottom side two cutting wheels 1, 2 are mounted rotatably about Fräsraddrehachsen 51, 52. The cutting wheels 1, 2 are formed as Fräsradpaare, wherein the cutting wheel 1 has two Einzelfräsräder 11, 11 'and the cutting wheel 2 two Einzelfräsräder 12, 12'. The Einzelfräsräder 11, 11 'are both sides of a bearing plate 21 and the Einzelfräsräder 12, 12' mounted on both sides of another bearing plate 22. For rotatably driving the cutting wheels 1, 2, a cutting wheel drive device with two hydraulic rotary motors 71, 72 is provided, which is arranged on the upper side on the end plates 21 and 22 are. Furthermore, a drive unit designed as a pump device 75 is provided on the carrier 20.

The carrier 20 is fixed against rotation at the lower end of a pipe string 8. By means of a drive device, not shown in the figures, the pipe string 8 and thus the carrier 20 can be rotated about a support axis of rotation 56 in rotation in the direction of rotation D. The cutting wheels 1, 2, which rotate about the cutter wheel axes 51, 52, describe a circular path on which they remove soil material. Simultaneously with the rotational movement about the carrier axis of rotation 56 of the carrier 20 is advanced in Abteufrichtung T. This feed can be done solely on the basis of the weight of the milling device or due to a feed drive, which exerts a loading force on the pipe frame 8. Via an inlet opening 25, which is provided on the frame 20 between the cutting wheels 1, 2, support and / or cutting fluid can be introduced into the milling hole during the milling process and / or removed therefrom.

The support axis of rotation 56 extends centrally in the pipe string 8 in the direction of departure T. It forms the longitudinal axis of a generated during rotation of the carrier 20 with a circular hole cross-section. The cutting wheels 1, 2 are arranged symmetrically to the carrier axis of rotation 56. In the untwisted state of the cutting wheels 1, 2, their Fräsraddrehachsen 51, 52 extend parallel to each other and close this with the carrier axis of rotation 56 at an angle of about 90 °. The cutting wheels 1, 2 are arranged in advance with their Fräsraddrehachsen 51, 52 with respect to the support axis of rotation 56 in the direction of rotation D that the Fräsraddrehachse 51 with respect to the support axis of rotation 56 with an offset X1 and the Fräsraddrehachse 52 with respect to the support axis of rotation 56 at an offset X2 spaced, wherein the offset X1 is equal to the offset X2. This can be seen in particular in FIGS. 1 and 5.

To increase the milling cross section, the cutting wheels 1, 2 on the carrier 20 about a common, horizontal pivot axis 60th pivoted. For this purpose, the end plates 21, 22 are articulated on the carrier 20 via lateral, L-shaped lever arms 65. For driven pivoting of the cutting wheels 1, 2, a pivoting device with two hydraulic cylinders 61, 62 is provided, which are articulated at its one end to the carrier 20 and at its other end to the end plates 21 and 22 respectively. By shortening these hydraulic cylinders 61, 62, the lever arms 65 are pivoted with the end plates 21, 22 and the Einzelfräsrädern 11, 11 ', 12, 12' about the common pivot axis 60 upwards. In this pivoted state, which is shown in dashed lines in Fig. 4 and in Figs. 2 and 5, close the Fräsraddrehachsen 51 ', 52' with the support axis of rotation 56 a different angle from 90 °. The pivoting of the cutting wheels 1, 2, which in principle can be stepless, can in particular be carried out until the Fräsraddrehachsen 51 ', 52' extend parallel to the carrier axis of rotation 56.

For guiding the carrier 20 in the milling hole, a guide ring 31 is arranged on this carrier 20 via four struts 32 running radially to the carrier axis of rotation 56. About this guide ring 31, which is coaxial with the support axis of rotation 56, the carrier 20 may be supported on the Fräslochwand.

A milling pattern, which results at the bottom of a milling hole when sinking a milling device according to the invention with partially raised cutting wheels 1, 2, is shown in FIGS. 6 to 8. Between the two cutting wheels 1, 2, a conical projection 80 forms on the bottom of the milling hole. This conical projection 80 is processed by the end faces of the internal Einzelfräsräder 11 ', 12'.

Claims (13)

1. Cutting apparatus for sinking a hole in the ground having

   - a support (20), on which are mounted in rotary manner about in each case one cutting wheel rotation axis (51, 52) at least two cutting wheels (1, 2),

   - at least one cutting wheel drive mechanism for the rotary driving of the cutting wheels (1, 2) on the support (20), whereby soil is removable through the rotation of the cutting wheels (1, 2) about their cutting wheel rotation axes (51, 52) and

   - a drive mechanism, through which the support (20) together with the cutting wheels (1, 2) is rotatable for the removal of soil about a support rotation axis (56), which is arranged parallel to the sinking direction (T),

   - the angle between the cutting wheel rotation axes (51, 52), and the support rotation axis (56) being approximately 90°, and

   - the cutting wheels (1, 2) being arranged such that on rotation of the support (20) they describe a circular path, along which they remove the soil,

   characterized in that
   the cutting wheel rotation axis (51, 52) of at least one cutting wheel (1, 2) has an offset (X1, X2) with respect to the support rotation axis (56).
2. Cutting apparatus according to claim 1,
   characterized in that
   a pivoting device is provided with which at least one of the cutting wheels (1, 2) is pivotable, particularly upwardly pivotable on the support (20).
3. Cutting apparatus according to one of the claims 1 or 2,
   characterized in that
   the support (20) is located terminally on a drilling tube (8).
4. Cutting apparatus according to one of the claims 1 to 3,
   characterized in that
   on the support (20) and/or on the drilling tube (8) is provided a guide mechanism, particularly a guide ring (31), for supporting the support (20) or drilling tube (8) respectively on a hole wall.
5. Cutting apparatus according to claim 4,
   characterized in that
   the guide mechanism is constructed in diameter-adjustable manner.
6. Cutting apparatus according to one of the claims 1 to 5,
   characterized in that
   a tensioning device is provided for fixing the drilling tube (8) in a support tube, and that the drilling tube (8) is axially extendible for driving the support (20).
7. Cutting apparatus according to one of the claims 3 to 6,
   characterized in that
   the drive mechanism is located between the drilling tube (8) and the support (20) and/or in an upper area of the drilling tube (8).
8. Cutting apparatus according to one of the claims 1 to 7,
   characterized in that
   a cutting wheel offset drive is provided for modifying the offset (X1, X2).
9. Cutting apparatus according to one of the claims 1 to 8,
   characterized in that
   the cutting wheels (1, 2) are constructed as cutting wheel pairs with in each case two individual cutting wheels (11, 11'; 12, 12'), and that the individual cutting wheels (11, 11'; 12, 12') of the cutting wheel pairs are in each case both mounted on a bearing bracket (21, 22), which is pivotably mounted on the support (20).
10. Cutting apparatus according to one of the claims 1 to 9,
    characterized in that
    the cutting wheels (1, 2) are circumferentially and/or frontally provided with cutting tools.
11. Method for producing a cut hole in the ground, particularly with a cutting apparatus according to one of the claims 1 to 10, in which

    - at least two cutting wheels (1, 2) mounted in rotary manner on a support (20) are rotated about in each case one cutting wheel rotation axis (51, 52) by means of a cutting wheel drive mechanism and

    - the support (20) with the cutting wheels (1, 2) is advanced in a sinking direction (T) in the ground,

    - the support (20) together with the cutting wheels (1, 2) being at the same time rotated by means of a drive mechanism about a support rotation axis (56), which is arranged roughly parallel to the sinking direction (T) and to which the cutting wheel rotation axes (51, 52) are arranged roughly perpendicularly, wherein the cutting wheels (1, 2) describe a circular path, on which they remove soil,

    characterized in that
    the cutting wheel rotation axis (51, 52) of at least one cutting wheel (1, 2) has an offset (X1, X2) with respect to the support rotation axis (56).
12. Method according to claim 11,
    characterized in that
    a rotation direction (D) of the support (20) about the support rotation axis (56) is alternately changed.
13. Method according to one of the claims 11 or 12,
    characterized in that
    at least one of the cutting wheels (1, 2) is pivoted, particularly pivoted up, on the support (20), particularly as a function of a rotation angle of the support (20) about the support rotation axis (56).

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