EP1620985A1

EP1620985A1 - Method for simultaneous transmission of analog (pam) and digital (pwm) information

Info

Publication number: EP1620985A1
Application number: EP03740165A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Josef Dirr
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2003-05-05
Filing date: 2003-06-02
Publication date: 2006-02-01
Also published as: DE10361992A1; WO2004047392A1; AU2003302101A1

Abstract

A method for the transmission of analog and digital information. The aim of the invention is to transmit analog and digital coded information by means of a single alternative current and a phase system. An analog coding relating thereto is already known in Canadian patent CA 1214277 and a digital coding is known in US patent US 6.072.829 and European patent EP 0 953 246 . The multiple aim of the invention is to transmit the two codes simultaneously. This is achieved by virtue of the fact that all code words, either digitally represented by the same number of periods or semi-periods or represented in an analog manner by a corresponding number of PAM taps by periods or semi-periods, have the same number of periods or semi-periods. Said transmission results in a substantial number of simplifications. In colour television, for example, the luminance signal can be transmitted in an analog manner and the colour signals can be transmitted in a digitally serial manner. As a result, no phase problems arise. The receiver can, for example, be embodied in the form of a radio Superhet receiver, as far as the decoder.

Description

METHOD FOR SIMULTANEOUS TRANSMISSION OF ANALOG (PAM) AND DIGITAL (PWM) INFORMATION

Technical field:

The present invention deals with the transmission of analog and digital information over a channel. PRIOR ART: The transmission of analog information is known only with an alternating current of a frequency and phase position (Japanese Patent No. 2107582). Here, the analog taps are transferred to the half-waves or periods of an alternating current at the tap frequency (for periods). The amplitudes of the periods are then identical to the tap amplitudes. Digital codings are also known in which the half-waves or periods of an alternating current have the same frequency and phase position

Coding can be provided. The levels are e.g. by the number

Length, tent or phase position of the periods (e.g. patents DB

4345253, EP 0620 960, US 5,587,797, ÜS 6,072,829, EP 0953245).

Furthermore, the asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) is known, which is based on a connection-oriented packet switching method. All useful and control information of a source is divided into packets of fixed length, the cells. This sequence of cells form a digital message stream. The number of cells assigned to a source then determine the bandwidth. This bandwidth must be requested from the network before the connection is established. A cell header contains the control information. Cellular overhauls can also occur in the coupling network, the elimination of which requires resequencing mechanisms. A disadvantage of this technology is a large amount of hardware. Buffer memories are required when the physical current path no longer provides the bandwidth.

Furthermore, in the case of codes with alternating currents of the same frequency and phase position, in order to achieve synchronization with a tap frequency, it is known to provide filling elements in the code words. However, this entails an increase in bandwidth. Summary of the invention: it is often expedient to transmit both analog and digital information via one channel, for example in the transmission of the color television signal ePAM-I pulse, however, this is not used due to an unfavorable interference ratio and a pulse-related frequency band expansion. In the invention, this is avoided by transferring the taps to the amplitudes of the half-waves or periods of an alternating current. Analog encodings by the half-periods or periods of an alternating current of the same frequency have already been disclosed in US Pat. No. 4,675,721. An alternating current of a frequency and phase position is also provided for the coding of the digital information. So you can serially with an alternating current of the same frequency and phase position analog and digital information transmitted.

This invention can also advantageously be used in color television since, for example, redundancy and irrelevance, ie superfluous data which cannot be perceived by the eye, do not have to be transmitted. It is sufficient if the luminance signals are transmitted analogously and the color signals are transmitted digitally in series with the half-periods or periods of an alternating current of the same frequency. This can be done directly with the carrier or with the upper or lower frequency range. The receivers become as simple as a superhetadio receiver up to «u £ ^ i4 £ b = θhee. _to decoder. The invention offers unprecedented possibilities for the encryption of information. Decoding is not possible by mixing analogue-coded H periods with digitally coded periods, and not periodically. Brief description of the drawings: Fig. 1, 2, 3: principle of phase and continuous pulse coding. Fig. 4,5: Principle of the envelope change Fig. 7: Principle of a soft amplitude change. Fig. 9: a 16 PSK diagram. Fig.10: Application of the invention to EB. Fig. 8.11: Principle of a conventional radio relay system and according to the invention. Fig. 6 Principle of switching to different types of transmission. Fig. 12, 19: Principle of ATM technology and application according to the invention. Fig. 13, 16: a flexible packet and channel-oriented transmission. Fig. 14: Principle of a television receiver with single-carrier signal transmission. Fig. 15: Packet and real-time transmission. Fig. 20: Reduction of the envelope frequency.

Fig. 21: Principle of PAM and the transfer to periods or half-periods. Fig. 22: Serial arrangement of code words and PAM taps encoded with periods of an alternating current.

Fig. 23: Application of the invention in multi-channel operation. Fig. 24,25,26: Principle of encryption. First coding methods, PSK and QAM are known, explained in more detail. The more levels the code has, the more information can be transmitted, as the following table shows.

Number of stages: Number of digits combinations: bits: 2 2/3/4/5 4/8/16/32 2/3/4/5 /

3) / 27 / 8l / 243 3/4/6/7

4 16/64/256/1024 4/6/8/10

5 "25/125/625/3125 4/6/9/11

6 36/216/1296/7776 5/7/10/12 If you use 2 alternating currents of the same frequency that are phase-shifted by 90 degrees for coding 2 and are added for transmission (QAM), you get 4x4 = 16 steps.

With carrier frequency transmission you can use the EB method because of the 1/6 power. Since according to the carrier ^formula ^u M = ^sιπ ^ ^t ^ ' ^{cos (ω} τ ^{~ ω) t ~ *} V ^cαs * ^ω T ^{+ ω} M ^{, t}

Since the modulation amplitude is not included in the frequency, a narrow-band transmission is obtained.

The phase principle:

With this principle, the phase positions of pulses e.g. for a reference pulse or the positive or negative difference to the previous pulse is provided as steps. 1, the reference phase is the pulse B1, B2,

B3, ... As FIG. 1a shows, the pulses Bn1, Bn2, Bn3 are out of phase by the amount n. In Fig.1b the pulses BN1, BN2, BN3 are in phase. This phase code would therefore have two stages Bn and BN. These pulses are represented by integer half-periods or periods of the same frequency. Such a coding is recorded in FIG. 4 periods are assigned to the reference pulse. The 1st pulse BNp therefore has 4 periods. If the following pulse is to be lagging, it must have 5 periods. The 2nd pulse Bnn is therefore lagging by the amount n. If the 3rd pulse is to remain lagging, it must have 4 periods. The 4th pulse should be in phase with the reference pulse again, dis is achieved by having one less period, i.e. three periods. It can also be seen that each subsequent pulse has an amplitude change. The number of stages can be doubled by letting the impulses begin with a positive and a negative half-wave, hatched in the drawing. So you get then in place 2, 4 stages (Euro patent EP 0953 246 B1). The pulse duration principle:

With this principle, different pulse durations are resp. Pulse duration differences are used as steps. 3 shows 3 pulse durations, D1, D2 and D3, that is 3 stages. It also represents a 3-digit code word. The position 1 can take the steps D1, D2, D3, the position 2 the steps D2, D1, D3 and the position 3 D3, D1, D2. You get 3 to 3 combinations with 3 levels and 3 digits, i.e. 3x3x3 = 27 combinations. If you also use the positive and negative start of the stages resp. Code elements, so you get 6 levels. With 3 digits you get 216 combinations. The QAM can also be used. The coding alternating current can also be provided as an alternating transmission current. How is the characteristic "flexibility of bandwidths", which is particularly emphasized in the ATM method, achieved in the present methods? This can be done in a very, very simple way. An envelope curve also arises from the changes in amplitude. 4 shows one with 2 and 3 periods as stages. fH is the envelope curve here, whereas in Fig. 5 the levels 11, 12 and 11, 12, 13 are periods. In both stages, 10 periods are provided as filling elements. You can see here that the frequency of the envelope is much smaller, i.e. the bandwidth is also smaller. So you can determine the bandwidth using the filler. There is no need to change the coding frequency.

You can also control the bit rates very flexibly. It can be seen from FIGS. 1 to 3 that any number of stages can be provided without the coding frequency having to be changed. Depending on the type of transmission, language, data, images, the code words can be precisely matched to the required number of bits, which of course also applies to ATM. The principle is shown in FIG. 6. The coding frequency is generated in the oscillator OSC and fed to the modulator MO. Depending on whether music, speech or image or television is to be transmitted, marked by the feed M, S, B on the encoder, The appropriate levels and code words are given to the modulator, since only period counting and amplitude switching are necessary. This avoids redundancy. The number of bits in the code words is therefore precisely adapted to the respective type of transmission. The code words are then decrypted in the decoder DCod and converted into the respective analog values of M or S or B. 7, a soft amplitude switchover is provided. Between the amplitudes A and AI is another period with the transition amplitude AÜ. In order to document how large the information density is in this method, a comparison is made with a directional radio system, the basic circuit of which is shown in FIG. This is designed for 34.368 Mbit / s. The bandwidth is 1700-2100 MHz with 4 PSK coding. As you can see, the hardware is very complex. In the case of a code according to FIGS. 1-3 or 4, the predetermined bandwidth would not be sufficient. Filling elements must therefore be provided. With 4 levels with 10, 11, 12 and 13 periods, an average of 11.5 periods is required for one code element. 4x11.5 = 46 periods are then required for a 4-digit code word. 1900 MHz is the coding frequency, then you get 1900: 46 = 41.3M code words / s. With a code word you get 4 to the power = 256 combinations, that is 8bit. With 41.3M code words, this is 41.3x8 = 330Mbit / s. So you get 9.6 times more bits than with the conventional radio relay system. If the levels are doubled, as shown in Fig. 2, then 8 levels are obtained. With 4 digits you get 8 to the power4 = 4096 combinations = 12 bit. With 41.3 code words, this is 495.6 Mbit / s, which is 14.4 times as much as with the directional radio system of conventional coding. If 2 AC currents of 1900 MHz are used for the coding, which are 90 ° out of phase with respect to one another and which are added during transmission (0AM), 8x8 ^« 64 steps are obtained. With a code word with 2 digits you get 12bit. An average of 23 periods are then required per code word, so that one obtains 82.6 M code words at 1900 MHz, which is then 991 Mbit / s, which is 28.8 times more than in the directional radio system. Mainly counters are required for coding and decoding. To compare how simple this code is, a diagram of a 16-stage phase coding is shown in FIG. The principle of a directional radio system according to the invention is shown in FIG. The signal arriving with the HDB3 code is converted into the code according to the invention in the code converter and switched directly to the transmitter amplifier Vr and further to the antenna. FIG. 10 shows a carrier transmission based on single sideband EB. The information Jf is coded with the coding alternating current £ M in the encoder Cod and is carried with the alternating current fTr in the ring modulator RM. At the output of the ring raodulator, the carrier is +/- modulation frequency. In the example, the high pass HP is used to filter out the lower sideband so that only the upper sideband, which also contains all of the information, is transmitted. As can be seen from the carrier formula, the modulation amplitude is not included in the frequency. 16 f, f1,... A coding of the color television signals is shown. Luminance taps L are assigned 8 bits. Luminance taps are 1 color tap I / Q respectively. red / blue, each with 6 bits allocated To a luminance tap of 8 bits, 3 bits are added for color coding. 1bit S / T are provided for the voice and control signals. So 12 taps must be coded for each tap. One carrier is sufficient for the transmission. Therefore, the television receiver according to FIG. 14 can be designed like a superhet radical receiver up to the decoder. The signals are then separated in the decoder according to their tasks. The color difference signals are then generated via the matrix M.

FIG. 13 shows an example of the encryption according to the invention. The code words I, II, III, IV, I, II, .. with the code elements 1p-12p become virtual code words. The channels become serial to the code elements 1-12, so each channel can transmit code words serially. Via channel 1 e.g. digital voice channels are transmitted with 8bit or mixed code words of any number of bits. The channels are transmitted with the virtual code words I, II, .. with constant bits. The transmission can be done with any code, e.g. PSK, QAM or with the codes described. Another possibility of encryption is to exchange channels or code words or code elements between the channels, e.g. the information of channel 1 is given to channel 3 and that of channel 4 is given to channel 1. Another encryption is given by the folder, as shown in Fig. 15, for use in e.g. Speech pauses are, for example, data inserted into the hatches. The channels K1, K2, .. Kn / θrdner are provided for real-time transmission, while the data from the channels K1, K2, .. Kn / packeter are intended for packet transmission.

The difference between the arrangement of FIG. 13 and FIG. 16 is that in FIG. 16 real code words are also provided in parallel to the virtual code words. In FΛtzeitträgeruxig you can insert a real code word between the virtual code words, for example, in the rhythm of the TV taps, f, f1, .. sir: d the real code words of the color TV taps. In the real code words of channels 1-12, the code elements f, f1, .. are then not used. In FIGS. 17 and 18 there is a step increase, in the case of methods in which the code elements are formed from the number, duration or phase position of elements and which are simultaneously sent in a periodic sequence, the combination of the positive or negative start and end of a Code element is provided as a further stage. The principle of this coding is evident from the description of FIGS. 2 to 5. From the fig. 17a shows that the start and end of the code element is positive in FIG. 17b and negative in FIG. 17c and negative / positive in FIG. 17d. With the code element of Fig. 17 you can create 4 levels. 18a, b each show a 2-digit code word, once with 2 and once with 3 periods. With this method you can also create 4 levels with the code element with 3 periods. When using coding with 10, 11, 12 and 13 periods as stages, as stated in the description of FIG. 11, instead of 4, 16 stages, ie 16 to the power of 4 combinations, are obtained, that is 65536 combinations = 16 bits. With 41.3 M code words you get 41.3x16 = 660.8 Mbit, a significant increase in the transmission density. The principle of ATM technology is shown in FIG. In this, data of different types of transmission, such as high speed, data, speech, are packaged in cells of the same length, each provided with a cell header and transmitted serially and asynchronously via a multiplexing device. The address information required for the respective cell is encoded in the cell header. In the arrangements of FIGS. 17, 18, it is also possible to provide additional amplitude stages, such as those disclosed in the patents DE 43 26 997 and US 5,587,797.

FIG. 19 shows the principle of ATM technology for use in the present invention. High speed data H, data D and language s can be sent in an uninterrupted sequence. In the packer P, the data D are transformed into cells Z and provided with a cell header ZK. The data are then fed to the encoder Cod via the memory Sp. The resulting real code words are then placed in a predetermined manner in the virtual code words. By exchanging the placement in a predetermined manner, further encryption is obtained. The virtual code words can be transmitted with any code. A code based on QAM and PSK is susceptible to interference, but coding with an alternating current of a frequency and phase position, as already described, is favorable. In this regard, FIG. 20 shows a particularly advantageous code. The coding is done again with an alternating current of a frequency and phase position. You can only provide 2 length levels in a code word. The code word must always have the same length. A step increase is on an amplitude basis and / or by a positive or ne ^ a- tive beginning or end of a code word corresponding to FIGS. 2,17 and 18. With such coding it is possible to synchronize the scanning and coding frequency. Since the following code element is always identified by an amplitude change, it is possible to reduce the envelope frequency by, for example, marking the last code element of a code word with the 1st code element of the following code word with the same amplitude. 20, the code words CW1 and CW2 are identified with the code elements 2 and 3 periods. The code element 3 periods of CW1 can thus be provided with the code element 2 periods of CW2 with the same amplitude marking. The envelope frequency therefore becomes smaller, since the code words have the same length or Have the number of periods, the evaluation can be done by payment. Such coding entails further encryption. There is also a high level of transmission security. A simple channel generation can take place if the bandwidth is available, if a corresponding code is provided, for example 16 QAM if 16 channels are desired.

Fig. 21a shows a pipolar PAM. The values P1,2,3, ... are transferred to the periods of an alternating current of the same frequency and phase. The frequency corresponds to the tap frequency of Fig. 21a. If the PAM values are transferred to the half-periods, the alternating current has half the frequency of the tap frequency, as shown in FIG. 21c. 22 shows how it is possible to serially transmit both analog and digital information via one channel. The digital code word consists of 3 periods. In order to achieve synchronization, the analog code word must now be formed with 3 periods. The taps P1, P2, P3, ie aP1, aP2, aP3 from Fig. 21b are then necessary. Naturally, the CW and the PAM frequencies must be mutually coordinated, intermediate storage may be necessary. On the basis of FIG. 22, not only can digital and analog information be transmitted, but encryption can also be achieved in this way. By inserting a predetermined analog text e.g. a song would already have been encrypted. Encryption can also be done by e.g. always adds an analog period to the code word CW. You can also change the order of the analog period in the code word. There are many variations here.

As already described in FIGS. 13 and 16, an alternating current code in which the steps are determined by the number of periods or the length. Time or Form the duration of the periods, provide a multi-channel system, Virtual code words are thus formed. In Fig. 23, 8 bits are marked for each code word. The code elements are binary. These are transferred with an alternating current code (e.g. Fig. 2, Fig. 4). How can you now transfer analog periods? It is assumed that 8 periods are required for coding the 8 bits. The virtual code words IIl / Fig. 23 are to be transmitted analogously. Then 8 analog periods are inserted serially, for example aPI to aP8 in Fig. 21a / b. The coding alternating current of the 8 taps is then an uninterrupted sequence of 8 periods of the same synchronous frequency with the digital coding. Just as in Fig. 22, the analog code words can also be provided for encryption. The distance between the virtual code words depends on the transmission frequency and the tap frequency. Possibly. storage must be provided. The transmission density can still be increased if the QAM is used. This can also be provided when transmitting the virtual code words. In FIG. 22, the periods P1, P2, P3 are the codes of the tap in FIG. 21a. One could also code P1 from 3 parallel channels at the same time, and correspondingly out of phase. The analog code words III provided in FIG. 23 between the virtual code words can also be provided for the coding and transmission of 8 parallel analog channels *. The respective values are then expediently stored and tapped at different times for the transmission. On this basis, a multitude of information can be transmitted digitally and analogously via one channel. The principle of a special encryption is shown in FIGS. 24, 25, 26. As already shown in FIGS. 13 and 16, as recorded again in FIG. 24, information can be stored in real code words and transmitted with virtual code words. In this case, channels 1-12 are formed in series with the parallel code elements 1p-12p, ie the virtual code words V1, V2, V3, .... The digital code words are stored in them. Encryption is already provided through the use of real and virtual code words. Figures 25 and 26 disclose additional encryption. The code elements of the virtual code words are divided into 2 or more code words. This can be done, for example, by dividing the code elements into 2 or more parts. For example, every 2nd or 3rd code element can also be combined to form a code word and can also be exchanged with shared code words of other virtual codes in FIG. 25. l and V2 in Il / Il and in Fig. 26 V2 in III / III and IV / IV.

Claims

claims:

1 1. Method for the transmission of analog and digital information, characterized in that the transmission is carried out with an alternating current of a frequency and a phase position by the PAM taps to transmit the amplitudes of the periods or half-periods of this alternating current

5 and the code elements. Codewords of the digital information from the number or Length of the periods or half-periods of this alternating current are formed, the analog and digital codes being inserted in such a way that the periods or half-periods of the two codes form an uninterrupted sequence.

102. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that virtual code words are provided (Fig. 13, 1 -12p, ...) which are formed with an alternating current code from the periods or half-periods in each case the same number, are transmitted, each parallel A channel is formed (Fig. 13 1-12) in which the real code words of the different

15nen types of information are coded (Fig. 13, l / 1p-Il / 1p IV / 1p) whereby the transmission takes place more kudos the virtual code words, analog periods of the number can be inserted between the virtual code words that corresponds to the number of virtual code words.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that between 20 consisting of digital code words alternating current such a number of

PAM coded periods or half-periods is housed, which corresponds to the digital code word number. (Fig. 22 CW / 3-period PAM P1, P2, P3 = 3 periods).

4. The method according to claims 1 to 3, characterized ,, 25 that these codes are provided for encryption.

5. The method according to claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the virtual code words to be transmitted is divided into two or more code words with the same sum of the code elements (Fig. 25, 26), if necessary, with an exchange of the divided code words of different ones

30 virtual code words.

6. The method according to claims 1 to 5, characterized in that 2 coding alternating currents of the same frequency and 90 degrees out of phase with each other are transmitted on the basis of the QAM.