EP1619639A2 - Système de détection électronique pour détecter une étiquette antivol et/ou d'identification - Google Patents

Système de détection électronique pour détecter une étiquette antivol et/ou d'identification Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1619639A2
EP1619639A2 EP05076653A EP05076653A EP1619639A2 EP 1619639 A2 EP1619639 A2 EP 1619639A2 EP 05076653 A EP05076653 A EP 05076653A EP 05076653 A EP05076653 A EP 05076653A EP 1619639 A2 EP1619639 A2 EP 1619639A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
label
deactivation
detection system
electronic detection
factor
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP05076653A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1619639A3 (fr
Inventor
Wilhelm Badenhop
Everhardus Johannes Ausems
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nederlandsche Apparatenfabriek NEDAP NV
Original Assignee
Nederlandsche Apparatenfabriek NEDAP NV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Nederlandsche Apparatenfabriek NEDAP NV filed Critical Nederlandsche Apparatenfabriek NEDAP NV
Publication of EP1619639A2 publication Critical patent/EP1619639A2/fr
Publication of EP1619639A3 publication Critical patent/EP1619639A3/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B13/00—Burglar, theft or intruder alarms
    • G08B13/22—Electrical actuation
    • G08B13/24—Electrical actuation by interference with electromagnetic field distribution
    • G08B13/2402—Electronic Article Surveillance [EAS], i.e. systems using tags for detecting removal of a tagged item from a secure area, e.g. tags for detecting shoplifting
    • G08B13/2405—Electronic Article Surveillance [EAS], i.e. systems using tags for detecting removal of a tagged item from a secure area, e.g. tags for detecting shoplifting characterised by the tag technology used
    • G08B13/2414—Electronic Article Surveillance [EAS], i.e. systems using tags for detecting removal of a tagged item from a secure area, e.g. tags for detecting shoplifting characterised by the tag technology used using inductive tags

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electronic detection system for detecting antitheft and/or identification labels and/or for deactivating such labels, comprising at least one such label which can be attached to a product to be secured or registered or can be worn by a person or animal to be registered and/or identified, wherein the label is provided with a resonant circuit, wherein the system is further provided with transmitting and receiving means for generating an electromagnetic interrogation field in a detection zone and for detecting the label when the resonant circuit of the label responds when it is located in the interrogation field and/or a deactivation unit for generating an electromagnetic deactivation field in a deactivation zone for deactivating the label.
  • Such a system is, for instance, used in stores and libraries to prevent theft and is, for instance, known from European patent application EP 0 736 850 A1.
  • the invention contemplates improving the system such that the system can offer extra application possibilities to a user which are important within the framework of the use of antitheft and/or identification labels.
  • the system according to the invention is characterized in that the system is further provided with measuring means for measuring a value of a magnitude of a Q factor and optionally a resonance frequency.
  • the measuring means of the system offer various surprising possibilities which can be important to a user of the system.
  • a quality check of the antitheft and/or identification labels can now be carried out by determining the Q factor and optionally the resonance frequency of the label with the measuring means.
  • the latter may be desired if a user of the system wishes to get an idea of a quality distribution of the antitheft and/or identification labels.
  • the Q factor and the resonance frequency of the labels indicate the quality of the labels to a high extent and are known from the field.
  • determining or measuring the quality factor Q is understood to mean determining a quantitative value of the quality factor Q, that is, determining a measure for a magnitude of the quality factor Q.
  • determining or measuring the resonance frequency f 0 is understood to mean determining a quantitative value of the resonance frequency f 0 , that is, determining a measure for a magnitude of the resonance frequency f 0 . It preferably holds true that the measuring means are designed for measuring the Q factor and optionally the resonance frequency of the label in the deactivation zone. By carrying out this measurement in the deactivation zone, a good idea of the quality distribution of antitheft labels can be obtained since most antitheft labels pass this zone before being deactivated.
  • the measuring means use the electromagnetic deactivation field of the deactivation unit. It further preferably holds true that the measuring means at least in part use the deactivation unit. It particularly holds true that the deactivation unit is designed for transmitting a first electromagnetic deactivation field with a relatively low power for making the label respond when it is located in the first deactivation field, for detecting a label when it responds in the first electromagnetic deactivation field and for transmitting a second electromagnetic deactivation field with a relatively high power when the label has been detected with the first electromagnetic deactivation field so that the label is deactivated.
  • the measuring means determine the Q factor and optionally the resonance frequency of the label when the deactivation unit has detected the label and before the deactivation unit has deactivated the label.
  • the measurement can advantageously be carried out in the detection zone, as already indicated hereinabove.
  • the measuring means are designed for measuring the Q factor and optionally the resonance frequency of the label in the detection zone. This can be important when the label is an identification label which does not pass any deactivation zone.
  • the influence of an environment of the system on the operation of the system can now be taken into account by determining the value of the magnitude of the Q factor and optionally the resonance frequency of an environment of the system.
  • the system could be adjusted, optionally automatically.
  • the measuring means are designed for measuring the Q factor and optionally the resonance frequency of an environment of the detection zone.
  • the system is designed for adjusting a characteristic of a filter of the receiving means on the basis of a measured Q factor and optionally a resonance frequency of the environment of the detection zone. If particular resonance frequencies emerge from the measured Q factor and optionally the resonance frequency of the environment, signals from the environment at these frequencies which are possibly interfering in measurements can be suppressed by means of the filter.
  • a special embodiment of the system according to the invention is characterized in that the measuring means at least in part use the electromagnetic interrogation field.
  • the advantage of this is that no separate field needs to be generated for carrying out the measurements.
  • the system becomes easy to manufacture and therefore inexpensive.
  • an embodiment of the system according to the invention is characterized in that the measuring means at least in part use the transmitting and receiving means.
  • the measuring means do not need to be provided with their own transmitting and/or receiving means for generating and monitoring an electromagnetic field for measuring a Q factor and optionally a resonance frequency of one of the labels and/or for measuring a Q factor and optionally a resonance frequency of one of an environment of the detection zone.
  • a special embodiment of the system according to the invention is characterized in that the system is further provided with data storage means for storing data about the Q factors and optionally the resonance frequencies determined of labels.
  • data storage means for storing data about the Q factors and optionally the resonance frequencies determined of labels.
  • a special embodiment of the system according to the invention is characterized in that the system is further provided with data processing means for, for instance statistically, processing data about the Q factors and optionally resonance frequencies determined of labels.
  • data processing means for, for instance statistically, processing data about the Q factors and optionally resonance frequencies determined of labels.
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematic overview of a first embodiment of an electronic detection system 1 for detecting antitheft and/or identification labels comprising at least one such label 2 which can be attached to a product 4 to be secured or registered or can be worn by a person or animal 4 to be registered and/or identified.
  • the label 2 is a label known per se which is provided with a resonant circuit.
  • the system 1 is further provided with transmitting and receiving means 6 for generating an electromagnetic interrogation field in a detection zone 8 for detecting the label 2 when the resonant circuit of the label responds when it is located in the interrogation field.
  • the detection zone 8 may, for instance, be located at an exit of a store.
  • the zone may, for instance, be located at an office entrance and in case of identification labels for animals, the zone 8 may be located in predetermined positions in, for instance, a farm.
  • the transmitting and receiving means 6 are provided with transmitting means 10 and receiving means 12.
  • the transmitting means 10 are provided with a first transmitter 14 and a transmitting antenna 16 connected with the first transmitter 14.
  • the transmitter 14 comprises a filter 18 which partly determines the frequency or bandwidth of the interrogation field.
  • the receiving means 12 are also located, provided with a first receiver 20 and a receiving antenna 22 connected with each other.
  • the receiver 20 is provided with a filter 24 which partly determines a receiving frequency and a receiving bandwidth.
  • the transmitter 14 and the receiver 20 are each connected with a control unit 26 of the system 1.
  • the system 1 is further provided with measuring means 27 for measuring a Q factor Q and/or resonance frequency f 0 .
  • the measuring means 27 comprises a second transmitter 28 and a second receiver 30.
  • the measuring means 27 are further provided with signal processing means 32 which are connected with the second transmitter 28 and the second receiver 30.
  • the second transmitter 28 and the second receiver 30 are further connected with the transmitting antenna 16 and the receiving antenna 22, respectively, which are therefore, each at least partly, part of the measuring means 27.
  • the system is further provided with data storage means and data processing means 34 connected with the signal processing means 32. In this example, these data storage means and data processing means 34 are formed by a computer 34.
  • the control unit 26 detects, for instance, an identification code transmitted by the label 2 when the label 2 is an identification label. If the detection of an antitheft label 2 is involved, the control unit can generate an (audio and/or visual) alarm signal.
  • the signal processing means 32 then realize that, with the aid of the second transmitter 28 and the transmitting antenna 16, an electromagnetic signal is transmitted for determining a quality factor Q and/or resonance frequency f 0 of the label 2 in a manner known per se.
  • determining or measuring the quality factor Q is understood to mean determining a quantitative value of the quality factor Q, i.e. determining a measure for the magnitude of the quality factor Q.
  • determining or measuring the resonance frequency f 0 is understood to mean determining a quantitative value of the resonance frequency fo, i.e. determining a measure for the magnitude of the resonance frequency f 0 .
  • the measuring means 27 are designed for measuring the Q factor and/or the resonance frequency of the label in the detection zone. This is because this is a position where the labels will regularly be located.
  • a frequency-swept electromagnetic signal or a pulsed signal can be transmitted, for instance with the aid of the second transmitter 28.
  • the response to this signal from the label 2 is received with the aid of the second receiver 30 and the second receiving antenna 22 and passed on to the signal processing means 32.
  • the signal processing means determine the quality factor Q and/or resonance frequency f 0 of the label 2 in a manner known per se.
  • the measuring means are designed for measuring the Q factor and/or the resonance frequency of the label in the detection zone.
  • this measurement with the aid of measuring means 27 is partly made possible by the positions of the antennas 16 and 22 used by the second transmitter 28 and the second receiver 30.
  • the computer 34 is designed for, for instance statistically, processing data about the Q factors and/or resonance frequencies determined of labels. By processing data in such a manner, it is for instance possible to determine whether there is a certain percentage of the labels which does not meet the predetermined quality requirements. Also, these data can be stored in the computer 34.
  • the measuring means 27, the Q factor and/or the resonance frequency f 0 of the environment of the detection zone 8 can determine when, for instance, no label 2 is detected by the control unit 26.
  • the control unit passes this on to the signal processing means 32. Then these means 'know' that no label is present and that thus, with the aid of the measuring means, a Q factor and/or resonance frequency of an environment of the detection zone is detected (assuming that the zone itself is empty).
  • the signal processing means 32 then activate the second transmitter 28 as discussed hereinabove.
  • the measuring signal may, for instance, again comprise a pulse signal or a frequency sweep and may be superposed on the interrogation field. Also, the interrogation field can be switched off during the transmission of the measuring signal.
  • the second receiver 30 feeds receiving signals to the signal processing means 32.
  • the signal processing means 32 determine the Q factor and/or the resonance frequency f 0 of the environment in a manner known per se.
  • the measured Q factor and/or resonance frequency f 0 can be passed on to the computer 34.
  • situations are conceivable in which an environment of the detection zone coincidentally responds in a similar manner as a detection label. In that case, no distinction can be made between environment and label, but, at least apparently, continuously a label will be detected. This will attract the notice of a user who can take appropriate measures then.
  • the computer is in connection with the control unit 26.
  • the filters 18 and 24 of the transmitting means 2 and the receiving means 8, respectively, are also in connection with the control unit 26 for adjusting the frequency characteristic of the filters 7 and 13.
  • the transmitting means 10 and/or the receiving means 12 can be adjusted by the control unit 26 on the basis of the information about the Q factor and/or the resonance frequency f 0 of the environment of the detection zone 8 received from the signal processing means 32, for instance by adjusting a characteristic of the filter 18 or the filter 24 of the transmitting means 2 and/or the receiving means 8.
  • the filters other settings of the transmitting and receiving means can be adjusted, such as the output of the transmitting means, the sensitivity of the receiving means, etc.
  • first and second transmitter 14, 28 into one transmitter 36 which carries out both the function of the first transmitter 14 and the function of the second transmitter 28. It is also possible to integrate the first and second receiver 20, 30 into one receiver 38 which carries out both the function of the first receiver 20 and the function of the second receiver 30.
  • the integrated transmitter 36 in this embodiment of the system according to the invention, for determining the Q factor and/or the resonance frequency f 0 of the label 2 or of the environment, use can be made of the electromagnetic interrogation field generated by the integrated transmitter 36. This field can then, for instance, have a pulsed or frequency-swept design for determining the Q factor and/or resonance frequency. Then the interrogation field and the measuring signal are integrated as well.
  • the measuring means use the interrogation field.
  • the control unit 26 the signal processing means 32 and the computer 34 can be integrated, indicated in Fig. 1 by the dotted box 40.
  • the integrated computer 40 can then, for instance, determine and store the Q factor and/or the resonance frequency f 0 .
  • the integrated computer 40 can also collect a large number of measuring signals from the environment or from a label for determining the Q factor and/or the resonance frequency f 0 of the environment or of a label on the basis of these measuring signals.
  • Fig. 2 schematically shows a second embodiment of a system 1 according to the invention.
  • the measuring means 27 are provided with a separate transmitting antenna 40 and a separate receiving antenna 42 which take over the function of the antennas 16 and 22 for determining the Q factor and/or the resonance frequency f 0 and are, to this end, connected with the second transmitter 28 and the second receiver 30, respectively.
  • the antennas 40, 42 can be arranged freely with respect to the transmitting and receiving antenna 6, 12.
  • the antennas 40, 42 are, however, arranged such that the measuring means are designed for measuring the Q factor and/or the resonance frequency of an environment of the detection zone and for measuring the Q factor and/or the resonance frequency of the label in the detection zone.
  • the operation of this embodiment further corresponds with the operation of the system according to Fig. 1.
  • An advantage of the system according to Fig. 2 is that the measuring means 27 can simply be added to an existing system for detecting antitheft and/or identification labels as an add-on kit.
  • Figs. 3a and 3b show a third embodiment of a detection system 1 according to the invention.
  • Fig. 3a shows a first part 1.1 of the system for detecting antitheft labels
  • Fig. 3b shows a second part 1.2 of the system for deactivating antitheft labels.
  • Figs. 1, 3a and 3b corresponding parts are indicated by the same reference symbols.
  • Fig. 3a shows the transmitting means 10, provided with the first transmitter 14 and the transmitting antenna 16 which is connected with the first transmitter 14.
  • Fig. 3a further shows the receiving means 12, provided with the first receiver 20 and the receiving antenna 22 which are connected with each other.
  • the first transmitter 14 further comprises the filter 18 and the second transmitter 20 comprises the filter 24.
  • the parts shown in Fig. 3a may, for instance, be arranged near the exit of a store or near a passage from one department to another department of the store.
  • Fig. 3b schematically shows the second part 1.2 of the system which comprises a deactivation unit 50 known per se.
  • a deactivation unit 50 In use of the detection system in a store, such a deactivation unit 50 is usually located near a checkout.
  • the deactivation unit 50 is designed for generating a deactivation field in a deactivation zone 52 for deactivating the label 2. After deactivation, it will no longer be possible to detect the label with the aid of the first part 1.1 of the system in the detection zone 8 as being an active label.
  • the deactivation unit 50 is provided with a transmitting and receiving antenna 54, a deactivation transmitter 56 and a deactivation receiver 58, where the deactivation transmitter 56 and the deactivation receiver 58 are each connected with the transmitting and receiving antenna.
  • the deactivation transmitter 56 and the deactivation receiver 58 are further each connected with a control apparatus 60.
  • the system 1 is further provided with the measuring means 27 which are, in this example, provided with the second transmitter 28, the second receiver 30 and a common transmitting and receiving antenna 40, 42 which is connected with the second transmitter 28 and the second receiver 30.
  • the second transmitter 28 and the second receiver 30 are each connected with the signal processing means 32 which are in turn connected with the control apparatus 60.
  • the operation of the system 1.2 is as follows. For instance, an employee of a store who wishes to deactivate the label 2 attached to the product 4 positions the product with the label in the deactivation zone 52. With the aid of the deactivation transmitter 56 and the antenna 54, a first electromagnetic deactivation field is transmitted with a relatively low power for making the label respond when it is located in the first deactivation field.
  • the first deactivation field may, for instance, correspond to the above-discussed interrogation field.
  • a response from the label is received in a manner known per se. A receiving signal from the deactivation receiver 58 is fed to the control unit 60.
  • control unit 60 If the control unit 60 detects that a label is present in the deactivation zone 52, it sends a confirmation signal to the signal processing means 32. As a response to the confirmation signal, the signal processing means 32 activate the second transmitter 28 for transmitting the above-mentioned measuring signal partly with the aid of the antenna 40, 42. The second receiver 30 receives a response from the label to the measuring signal with the aid of the antenna 40, 42. The receiving signal from the second receiver is fed to the signal processing means for determining the Q factor and/or the resonance frequency of the label on the basis of this receiving signal, as discussed hereinabove.
  • the control apparatus 60 activates the deactivation transmitter 56 for transmitting a second electromagnetic deactivation field with, in this example, a relatively high power so that the label is deactivated. So, in this example, it holds true that the measuring means determine the Q factor and/or the resonance frequency of the label when the deactivation unit has detected the label and before the deactivation unit has deactivated the label.
  • Deactivation may take place in that the resonant circuit is damaged by the high power of the second deactivation field.
  • a part of a coil of the resonant circuit may, for instance, melt.
  • the deactivation field may comprise a code for deactivating the label.
  • the label may, for instance, be provided with a chip coupled with the resonant circuit which recognizes the code and deactivates the label.
  • the customer can leave the store with the product 4 via the detection zone 8 shown in Fig. 3a without the antitheft system of Fig. 3a responding to the label 2 attached to the product 4.
  • control unit activates the measuring means 27 for determining the Q factor and/or resonance frequency of the label 2 and that, after a second fixed time after the first fixed time, the control unit activates the deactivation transmitter for deactivating the label.
  • the measuring means 27 can also determine the Q factor and/or resonance frequency continuously.
  • the measuring signal is transmitted continuously. So, as soon as a label responds to the measuring signal, the Q factor and/or resonance frequency of the label is determined.
  • the signal processing means 32 can pass this on to the control means 60. Then the control means 60 can activate the deactivation transmitter 56 for deactivating the label.
  • the deactivation receiver 58 can then be omitted because the second receiver is also used for detecting the presence of the label in the deactivation zone.
  • the measuring means can again be designed as an add-on kit which is added to the deactivation unit 50 known per se. Then, the antenna 40, 42 only needs to be positioned such that the Q factor and/or resonance frequency of a label located in the deactivation zone can be determined with the measuring means 27.
  • the deactivation unit and the measuring means are wholly or partly integrated with each other.
  • the deactivation transmitter 56 and the second transmitter 28 can be integrated into a transmitter 62.
  • the deactivation receiver 58 and the second receiver 30 can be integrated into a receiver 64.
  • Fig. 3c also shows this, while, in addition, the antennas 54, 40, 42 are integrated into one antenna.
  • the operation of the apparatus according to Fig. 3c is completely analogous to the operation as discussed with reference to Fig. 3b.
  • the control means 26 activate the transmitter 62 for transmitting the first deactivation field.
  • the label 2 located in the deactivation zone responds to this first deactivation field.
  • the receiver 64 receives the response from the label and passes this on to the control apparatus 26.
  • the control apparatus 26 passes this on to the signal processing means 32 which then activate the transmitter 62 for transmitting the measuring signal.
  • the label responds to the measuring signal. This response is received by the receiver 64.
  • the signal processing means 32 determine the Q factor and/or the resonance frequency f 0 of the label. Then, the control unit realizes that, with the transmitter 62, the second deactivation signal is transmitted for deactivating the label.
  • the first deactivation field can also act as a measuring signal, for instance when it is frequency-swept or when it has a pulsed design.
  • the measuring signal can also serve as a first deactivation signal.
  • the label then responds to the first deactivation field/measuring signal.
  • the Q factor and/or the resonance frequency of the label can then be determined. Further, then the second deactivation field can be transmitted for deactivating the label 2.
  • the control unit 26 then realizes that, after a response of the label 2 to the first deactivation field/measuring signal has been received (on the basis of which response the Q factor and/or resonance frequency of the label 2 can be determined), the second deactivation field is then transmitted for deactivating the label 2.
  • the computer 34 can also be connected with the signal processing means 32.
  • the signal processing means 32 can pass the Q factor and/or the resonance frequency f 0 on to the computer 34. After a large number of such measurements, the computer 34 can show a statistical distribution of the measured Q factor and/or the resonance frequency f 0 . Further, the signal processing means 32, the control means 60 and/or the computer 34 can be integrated into a unit.
  • system 1 does not comprise the subsystem 1.1 and is thus only provided with the system 1.2 according to Fig. 3a or 3b.
  • the label detection system of Figs. 1, 2 and 3a may be designed as the absorption system known per se but also as the transmission system known per se.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Burglar Alarm Systems (AREA)
  • Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)
EP05076653A 2004-07-20 2005-07-19 Système de détection électronique pour détecter une étiquette antivol et/ou d'identification Withdrawn EP1619639A3 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL1026690A NL1026690C2 (nl) 2004-07-20 2004-07-20 Elektronisch detectiesysteem voor het detecteren van antidiefstal- en/of identificatielabels.

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1619639A2 true EP1619639A2 (fr) 2006-01-25
EP1619639A3 EP1619639A3 (fr) 2006-12-27

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EP05076653A Withdrawn EP1619639A3 (fr) 2004-07-20 2005-07-19 Système de détection électronique pour détecter une étiquette antivol et/ou d'identification

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EP (1) EP1619639A3 (fr)
NL (1) NL1026690C2 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2008157113A2 (fr) 2007-06-12 2008-12-24 Checkpoint Systems, Inc. Système de sécurité antivol complet

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2005518A (en) * 1977-10-05 1979-04-19 Lichtblau G J Quasistationary noise cancellation system

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19642985A1 (de) * 1996-10-18 1998-04-23 Esselte Meto Int Gmbh Vorrichtung zur Überwachung eines elektronischen Sicherungselementes in einer Abfragezone
US6232878B1 (en) * 1999-05-20 2001-05-15 Checkpoint Systems, Inc. Resonant circuit detection, measurement and deactivation system employing a numerically controlled oscillator
WO2002099765A1 (fr) * 2001-06-01 2002-12-12 Joergensen Poul Richter Circuit de resonance

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2005518A (en) * 1977-10-05 1979-04-19 Lichtblau G J Quasistationary noise cancellation system

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2008157113A2 (fr) 2007-06-12 2008-12-24 Checkpoint Systems, Inc. Système de sécurité antivol complet
WO2008157113A3 (fr) * 2007-06-12 2009-02-12 Checkpoint Systems Inc Système de sécurité antivol complet
US7782207B2 (en) 2007-06-12 2010-08-24 Checkpoint Systems, Inc. Comprehensive theft security system

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Publication number Publication date
NL1026690C2 (nl) 2006-01-23
EP1619639A3 (fr) 2006-12-27

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