EP1618580B1 - Electromechanical switching device - Google Patents

Electromechanical switching device Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1618580B1
EP1618580B1 EP04725356A EP04725356A EP1618580B1 EP 1618580 B1 EP1618580 B1 EP 1618580B1 EP 04725356 A EP04725356 A EP 04725356A EP 04725356 A EP04725356 A EP 04725356A EP 1618580 B1 EP1618580 B1 EP 1618580B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
housing
switching device
area
housing area
areas
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP04725356A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1618580A1 (en
Inventor
Gunther Eckert
Wolfgang Leitl
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Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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Priority to EP04725356A priority Critical patent/EP1618580B1/en
Priority to SI200430145T priority patent/SI1618580T1/en
Publication of EP1618580A1 publication Critical patent/EP1618580A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1618580B1 publication Critical patent/EP1618580B1/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
    • H01H71/02—Housings; Casings; Bases; Mountings
    • H01H71/025—Constructional details of housings or casings not concerning the mounting or assembly of the different internal parts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
    • H01H71/002—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00 with provision for switching the neutral conductor

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electromechanical switching device, in particular an electromagnetic switching device, having at least two movable contact elements each cooperating with a fixed contact, which are arranged in adjacent regions of a housing divided into several regions.
  • An electromagnetic switching device with a divided housing, in whose subregions in each case a current path can be switched is known, for example, from DE 32 42 062 C2.
  • a first contact point having the first part of the housing an electromagnetic release and a thermal release are arranged.
  • a second contact point and a further electromagnetic release are arranged in the second part of the housing.
  • the switching mechanisms in both parts of the housing are coupled.
  • a thermal, i. Delayed appealing trigger in the second housing part is not provided.
  • the invention has for its object to provide an electromechanical, in particular electromagnetic switching device with at least two moving contacts and with these cooperating fixed contacts, which has a particularly compact, divided into several areas with rational design a very compact.
  • an electromechanical switching device with the features of claim 1.
  • two moving contacts and with these cooperating fixed contacts are arranged in a housing which is divided substantially along an imaginary dividing surface which is perpendicular to a mounting side of the housing.
  • the dividing surface within the housing preferably approximately centrally in the housing, a lateral offset, so that each of the two parts of the housing has a wider and an adjoining narrower area.
  • the narrow region of the first housing part is adjacent to the wide region of the second housing part and vice versa.
  • the installation position of the two circuit arrangements of a respective moving contact and a fixed contact in the housing is characterized by the actuating direction of the respective moving contact, in which this meets during the switching operation on the associated fixed contact or the fixed contacts.
  • the actuating directions of the moving contacts are opposite to each other.
  • circuit arrangements can be arranged in the housing in a particularly space-saving manner, which in themselves is not uniform throughout Have width, but narrower, for example, in a region adjacent to the fixed contact area as in an adjacent to the moving contact area.
  • Opposite actuation directions of the moving contacts are not exclusively understood cases in which the angle formed between the actuating directions is exactly 180 °, but also cases in which the angle has any other value of more than 90 °.
  • the two housing areas are identically shaped, but mirrored around a geometric vertical axis in the housing, d. h., So in each plane point symmetrical with respect to the geometric axis.
  • a switching device which includes two instantaneous responsive, in particular electromagnetic release, and two delayed-response, in particular thermal release.
  • a switching device is used as a circuit breaker.
  • an electromechanical switching device with two instantaneous responsive triggers and two delay-responding triggers, given a housing with a mounting side and perpendicular to this longitudinal housing sides and housing transverse sides, wherein in an adjacent to the first housing longitudinal side first housing portion of the first instantaneously responsive Trigger the first housing lateral side and the first delayed responsive trigger facing the second housing transverse side, and facing in a second housing longitudinally adjacent second housing portion of the second delayed responsive trigger of the first housing lateral side and the second instantaneous responsive trigger of the second housing transverse side.
  • the minimum width of a circuit breaker is determined by the dimensions of the electromagnetic release and optionally an arc extinguishing chamber.
  • the prior art partially coils are used with deviating from the circular cross-section.
  • coils, in particular with an elongated, almost rectangular cross-section are relatively complicated in comparison with the production of coils with a circular cross-section.
  • coils with a circular cross section are generally advantageous in terms of their energy efficiency.
  • the inventive arrangement of the trigger in the switching device allows in a simple manner the use of triggers made with conventional round coils, which each have a width of at least, preferably more than half of the total width of the housing. The same applies to the arc extinguishing chambers assigned to each contact point.
  • a particularly compact construction of the housing is advantageously achievable in that the actuation directions of impact rams guided in the coils of the triggers are opposite to one another.
  • the actuating directions of the impact rams are preferably at least approximately identical to the actuating directions of the associated moving contacts.
  • the delayed triggers which are preferably designed as bimetallic triggers, also have a relatively small width.
  • the switching arrangement of second instantaneous and second delayed responsive trigger relative to the switching arrangement of the first instantaneous and first delayed responsive trigger within the housing is rotated substantially by 180 °.
  • the advantage of this entangled or opposite arrangement of the individual triggers in the housing is in particular therein, even if not each of the two switching arrangements comprises both an instantaneous and a delayed responding trigger, that the individual heat-generating components, in particular coils and bimetal elements, uniformly over the total distributed compact housing are. Furthermore, due to the short current paths in the switching device, only a slight warming occurs.
  • FIGs 1a and 1b show symbolically in longitudinal or cross section an electromechanical switching device 1 as a modular device in which two current paths are switchable.
  • the switching device 1 has a housing 8, which is longitudinally divided into a first housing region 18 and a second housing region 19.
  • a movable contact element 33, 34 for switching a respective current path, and a fixed contact 35, 36 cooperating therewith.
  • the arranged in the first housing portion 18 first moving contact 33 is an actuating direction R1 in the direction of the associated first fixed contact 35 movable while the second moving contact 34 in the second housing portion 19 in the opposite direction of actuation R2 for closing the corresponding current path to the second fixed contact 36 is movable.
  • the moving contacts 33,34 are manually and or electromagnetically actuated, for example.
  • FIG 4a to 6b With regard to further possible details of the switching device 1, reference is made to the description of FIG 4a to 6b.
  • FIGS. 2a and 2b show different variants of the cross-sectional configuration of a switching device 1.
  • the two housing regions 18, 19 are identically shaped but mirrored about a geometric vertical axis A in the housing 8.
  • the width B of the housing 8 is 18 mm, also referred to as a division unit (TE).
  • the housing 8 according to FIG. 2b has a width B of two graduation units (TE).
  • the individual housing areas 18, 19 are each provided twice in the housing 8.
  • the shape of a housing portion 19 is generated in each case by rotation of an adjacent housing portion 18 by 180 °.
  • a circuit breaker is shown symbolically as a switching device 1.
  • an instantaneous release 2, 3 and a delayed release 4, 5 are respectively arranged. Between these, an antechamber region 37 is indicated.
  • an arc quenching chamber 6, 7 is located in each housing region 18, 19.
  • the structure and function of the mirror-symmetrically arranged switching arrangements, each with an undelayed trigger 2, 3 and a delayed release 4, 5, are identical.
  • the switching device 1 with this structure is also referred to as a 1 + 1 device.
  • the pairs of contacts, each with a moving contact 33,34 and a fixed contact 35,36 are not shown in Figures 3a and 3b.
  • the switching arrangements in the housing areas 18, 19 are not necessarily identical. Is in one of the housing areas 18,19, for example, only a pair of contacts, but neither a delayed or instantaneous trigger, nor an extinguishing system present, the switching device is referred to as a 1 + N switch.
  • EBS switch built-in switch
  • Other combinations within a switching device 1 are also feasible depending on the specific requirements.
  • FIGS 4a to 6b show in more detail an embodiment of a circuit breaker 1 as an electromechanical switching device with two electromagnetic triggers 2,3, thermal triggers 4,5 and arc extinguishing chambers 6,7.
  • a cooperating with the triggers 2,3,4,5 switching mechanism is not shown for clarity.
  • a housing 8 of the switching device 1 is composed of two housing halves 9,10 and has a width B on.
  • the housing 8 has, on a fastening side 11, a recess 12 on which it can be fastened in a manner known per se to a mounting rail which is also designated as a DIN rail.
  • the arranged perpendicular to the attachment side 11 Housing sides are referred to as housing transverse sides 13,14 and housing longitudinal sides 15,16. From the housing transverse sides 13,14 from two terminals 17 are accessible.
  • each of the housing areas 18, 19 has in each case a wide housing partial area 20, 21 and a narrow housing partial area 22, 23, wherein the wide housing partial area 20 of the first housing area 18 adjoins the narrow housing area 23 of the second housing area 19 and the wide housing partial area 21 of the second housing area 19 adjacent to the narrow housing part region 22 of the first housing portion 18.
  • a dividing wall 24 can be seen, which has a bevel area 25, which defines the transition from the wide housing part areas 20, 21 to the narrow housing part areas 22, 23.
  • the wide housing portions 20,21 are each between the electromagnetic or instantaneous release 2.3 and the mounting side 11, a number Deionbleche 26 each of an arc extinguishing chamber 6.7.
  • the electromagnetic triggers 2, 3 and the thermal or delayed triggers 4, 5 and the arc extinguishing chambers 6, 7 are each arranged at least approximately symmetrically with respect to the vertical axis A.
  • the electromagnetic release 2,3 each have a coil 29,30, within which a percussion ram 31,32 is guided, the actuation direction is indicated by R1 or R2.
  • Each plunger 31,32 is partially adjacent to the coil 30,29 of the other electromagnetic release 3,2 and provided for actuating a Verklinkungsmechanismus, not shown, with which the thermal triggers 4,5 cooperate.
  • Each of the coils 29, 30 has a width b which also corresponds in total to the width of the respective electromagnetic release 2, 3 and, as can be seen in particular from FIGS. 3 a and 3 b, is greater than half the width B of the housing 8.
  • the width B is preferably 18 mm, also referred to as a graduation unit in standardized DIN rail mounted devices.
  • a phase conductor and a neutral conductor or two phase conductors can be connected in the switching device 1. Due to the approximately uniform distribution of heat-generating components, in particular the trigger 2,3,4,5 within the housing 8 a high switching capacity is ensured despite its compact design. Likewise, the space for the arc extinguishing chamber 6,7 is very well utilized. Furthermore, there is no mutual magnetic influence on the coils 29, 30, which are relatively widely spaced from each other in comparison with coils arranged next to one another.
  • the coils 29,30 are rationally made with round wire.

Abstract

The invention relates to an electromechanical switching device having two movable contact elements (33,34) interacting with a fixed contact (35,36). Said switching device has a housing (8). When viewing a fixing side (11) from the top, said housing is divided into two areas (18, 19) bordering with a longitudinal side (15, 16) of the housing, one of the movable contact elements (33, 34) and the corresponding fixed contact (35, 36) being located in said areas, wherein each of the housing areas (18,19) has a narrow partial area (22,23) and a broad partial area (20, 21) bordering therewith. The broad partial area (20) of the first housing area (18) is adjacent to the narrow partial area (23) of the second housing area (19) and the narrow partial area (22) of the first housing area (18) is adjacent to the broad partial area (21) of the second housing area (19). The actuation directions (R1,R2) of the movable contact elements (33,34) are directed opposite each other.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein elektromechanisches Schaltgerät, insbesondere ein elektromagnetisches Schaltgerät, mit mindestens zwei jeweils mit einem Festkontakt zusammenwirkenden beweglichen Kontaktelementen, welche in benachbarten Bereichen eines in mehrere Bereiche unterteilten Gehäuses angeordnet sind.The invention relates to an electromechanical switching device, in particular an electromagnetic switching device, having at least two movable contact elements each cooperating with a fixed contact, which are arranged in adjacent regions of a housing divided into several regions.

Ein elektromagnetisches Schaltgerät mit einem geteilten Gehäuse, in dessen Teilbereichen jeweils eine Strombahn schaltbar ist, ist beispielsweise aus der DE 32 42 062 C2 bekannt. In dem eine erste Kontaktstelle aufweisenden ersten Teil des Gehäuses sind ein elektromagnetischer Auslöser sowie ein thermischer Auslöser angeordnet. Im zweiten Teil des Gehäuses sind eine zweite Kontaktstelle und ein weiterer elektromagnetischer Auslöser angeordnet. Zusätzlich befindet sich in jedem Teil des Gehäuses eine Lichtbogenlöschkammer. Die Schaltmechanismen in beiden Teilen des Gehäuses sind gekoppelt. Ein thermischer, d.h. verzögert ansprechender Auslöser im zweiten Gehäuseteil ist nicht vorgesehen.An electromagnetic switching device with a divided housing, in whose subregions in each case a current path can be switched, is known, for example, from DE 32 42 062 C2. In which a first contact point having the first part of the housing, an electromagnetic release and a thermal release are arranged. In the second part of the housing, a second contact point and a further electromagnetic release are arranged. In addition, there is an arc extinguishing chamber in each part of the housing. The switching mechanisms in both parts of the housing are coupled. A thermal, i. Delayed appealing trigger in the second housing part is not provided.

Während die Teilungsebene zwischen den beiden Gehäusebereichen bei dem aus der DE 32 42 062 C2 bekannten Schaltgerät parallel zu einer Befestigungsseite des Gehäuses verläuft, kann eine solche Teilungsebene innerhalb eines Gehäuses eines Schaltgerätes in anderen Ausführungsformen beispielsweise auch senkrecht zur Befestigungsebene verlaufen. In jedem Fall ergeben sich im Gehäuse, sofern der Einbau einer größeren Anzahl einzelner Komponenten im Vergleich zu einem Schaltgerät mit einem ungeteilten Gehäuse entsprechender Größe vorgesehen ist, beengte Einbauverhältnisse, die typischerweise die Verwendung relativ aufwändig zu fertigender und/oder zu montierender Spezialkomponenten, beispielsweise Spulen mit nicht runden Querschnitten, bedingen.While the dividing plane between the two housing areas in the known from DE 32 42 062 C2 switching device parallel to a mounting side of the housing, such a division plane within a housing of a switching device in other embodiments, for example, also perpendicular to the mounting plane. In any case, in the case, provided that the installation of a larger number of individual components compared to a switching device with an undivided housing of appropriate size provided cramped installation conditions, typically the use of relatively complex to be manufactured and / or to be mounted special components, such as coils with non-round cross sections, condition.

Aus der EP 0 505 292 A1 ist eine Schaltanordnung mit zwei Gehäuseteilen bekannt, bei der eine mittige Trennwand in einem kleinen Abschnitt einen Versatz aufweist, um so in einem der Gehäuseteile Platz für ein thermisches Bimetallelement zuschaffen.From EP 0 505 292 A1, a switching arrangement with two housing parts is known in which a central partition wall has a offset in a small section in order to make room for a thermal bimetallic element in one of the housing parts.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein elektromechanisches, insbesondere elektromagnetisches Schaltgerät mit mindestens zwei Bewegkontakten sowie mit diesen zusammenwirkenden Festkontakten anzugeben, welches bei rationeller Bauweise ein besonders kompaktes, in mehrere Bereiche unterteiltes Gehäuse aufweist.The invention has for its object to provide an electromechanical, in particular electromagnetic switching device with at least two moving contacts and with these cooperating fixed contacts, which has a particularly compact, divided into several areas with rational design a very compact.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß gelöst durch ein elektromechanisches Schaltgerät mit den Merkmalen des Anspruches 1. Dabei sind jeweils zwei Bewegkontakte sowie mit diesen zusammenwirkende Festkontakte in einem Gehäuse angeordnet, das im Wesentlichen längs einer gedachten Teilungsfläche geteilt ist, die senkrecht auf einer Befestigungsseite des Gehäuses steht. Im Gegensatz zu herkömmlichen mehrteiligen Gehäusen weist die Teilungsfläche jedoch innerhalb des Gehäuses, vorzugsweise etwa mittig im Gehäuse, einen seitlichen Versatz auf, so dass jeder der beiden Teile des Gehäuses einen breiteren und einen daran anschließenden schmaleren Bereich aufweist. Dem schmalen Bereich des ersten Gehäuseteils ist dabei der breite Bereich des zweiten Gehäuseteils benachbart und umgekehrt.This object is achieved by an electromechanical switching device with the features of claim 1. In each case two moving contacts and with these cooperating fixed contacts are arranged in a housing which is divided substantially along an imaginary dividing surface which is perpendicular to a mounting side of the housing. However, unlike conventional multi-part housings, the dividing surface within the housing, preferably approximately centrally in the housing, a lateral offset, so that each of the two parts of the housing has a wider and an adjoining narrower area. The narrow region of the first housing part is adjacent to the wide region of the second housing part and vice versa.

Die Einbaulage der beiden Schaltungsanordnungen aus jeweils einem Bewegkontakt und einem Festkontakt im Gehäuse ist durch die Betätigungsrichtung des jeweiligen Bewegkontaktes, in welcher dieser während des Schaltvorgangs auf den zugeordneten Festkontakt beziehungsweise die Festkontakte trifft, charakterisierbar. Erfindungsgemäß sind die Betätigungsrichtungen der Bewegkontakte einander entgegengerichtet. Hierdurch sind im Gehäuse in besonders raumsparender Weise Schaltungsanordnungen anordenbar, welche in sich keine durchgängig einheitliche Breite aufweisen, sondern beispielsweise in einem an den Festkontakt angrenzenden Bereich schmaler als in einem an den Bewegkontakt angrenzenden Bereich sind. Unter entgegengesetzten Betätigungsrichtungen der Bewegkontakte werden nicht ausschließlich Fälle verstanden, in denen der zwischen den Betätigungsrichtungen gebildete Winkel exakt 180° beträgt, sondern ebenso Fälle in denen der Winkel einen beliebigen anderen Wert von mehr als 90° hat.The installation position of the two circuit arrangements of a respective moving contact and a fixed contact in the housing is characterized by the actuating direction of the respective moving contact, in which this meets during the switching operation on the associated fixed contact or the fixed contacts. According to the invention, the actuating directions of the moving contacts are opposite to each other. As a result, circuit arrangements can be arranged in the housing in a particularly space-saving manner, which in themselves is not uniform throughout Have width, but narrower, for example, in a region adjacent to the fixed contact area as in an adjacent to the moving contact area. Opposite actuation directions of the moving contacts are not exclusively understood cases in which the angle formed between the actuating directions is exactly 180 °, but also cases in which the angle has any other value of more than 90 °.

Bevorzugt sind die beiden Gehäusebereiche identisch geformt, jedoch um eine geometrische Hochachse im Gehäuse gespiegelt, d. h., also in jeder Ebene punktsymmetrisch gegenüber der geometrischen Hochachse.Preferably, the two housing areas are identically shaped, but mirrored around a geometric vertical axis in the housing, d. h., So in each plane point symmetrical with respect to the geometric axis.

Besonders geeignet ist der Aufbau des Gehäuses für ein Schaltgerät, welches zwei unverzögert ansprechende, insbesondere elektromagnetische Auslöser, sowie zwei verzögert ansprechende, insbesondere thermische Auslöser beinhaltet. Bevorzugt wird ein solche Schaltgerät als Leitungsschutzschalter eingesetzt.Particularly suitable is the structure of the housing for a switching device, which includes two instantaneous responsive, in particular electromagnetic release, and two delayed-response, in particular thermal release. Preferably, such a switching device is used as a circuit breaker.

Damit ist in dieser bevorzugten Ausführungsform ein elektromechanisches Schaltgerät mit zwei unverzögert ansprechenden Auslösern und zwei verzögert ansprechenden Auslöser, mit einem Gehäuse mit einer Befestigungsseite und senkrecht zu dieser angeordneten Gehäuselängsseiten und Gehäusequerseiten gegeben, wobei in einem an die erste Gehäuselängsseite grenzenden ersten Gehäusebereich der erste unverzögert ansprechende Auslöser der ersten Gehäusequerseite und der erste verzögert ansprechende Auslöser der zweiten Gehäusequerseite zugewandt ist, und in einem an die zweite Gehäuselängsseite grenzenden zweiten Gehäusebereich der zweite verzögert ansprechende Auslöser der ersten Gehäusequerseite und der zweite unverzögert ansprechende Auslöser der zweiten Gehäusequerseite zugewandt ist.Thus, in this preferred embodiment, an electromechanical switching device with two instantaneous responsive triggers and two delay-responding triggers, given a housing with a mounting side and perpendicular to this longitudinal housing sides and housing transverse sides, wherein in an adjacent to the first housing longitudinal side first housing portion of the first instantaneously responsive Trigger the first housing lateral side and the first delayed responsive trigger facing the second housing transverse side, and facing in a second housing longitudinally adjacent second housing portion of the second delayed responsive trigger of the first housing lateral side and the second instantaneous responsive trigger of the second housing transverse side.

Typischerweise ist die minimale Breite eines Leitungsschutzschalters bestimmt durch die Abmessungen des elektromagnetischen Auslösers sowie gegebenenfalls einer Lichtbogenlöschkammer. Um mehrere elektromagnetische Auslöser innerhalb eines genormten Gehäuses eines Reiheneinbaugerätes, insbesondere mit einer Breite von 18 mm, unterzubringen, werden nach dem Stand der Technik teilweise Spulen mit von der Kreisform abweichendem Querschnitt verwendet. Die Herstellung solcher Spulen, insbesondere mit langgestrecktem, nahezu rechteckigem Querschnitt, ist jedoch im Vergleich zur Herstellung von Spulen mit kreisrundem Querschnitt relativ aufwändig. Zudem sind Spulen mit kreisrundem Querschnitt hinsichtlich ihrer Energieeffizienz in der Regel von Vorteil. Die erfindungsgemäße Anordnung der Auslöser im Schaltgerät ermöglicht auf einfache Weise die Verwendung von mit herkömmlichen runden Spulen hergestellten Auslösern, welche jeweils eine Breite von mindestens, bevorzugt mehr als der Hälfte der Gesamtbreite des Gehäuses haben. Entsprechendes gilt auch für die jeder Kontaktstelle zugeordneten Lichtbogenlöschkammern.Typically, the minimum width of a circuit breaker is determined by the dimensions of the electromagnetic release and optionally an arc extinguishing chamber. In order to accommodate a plurality of electromagnetic triggers within a standardized housing of a DIN rail mounted device, in particular with a width of 18 mm, the prior art partially coils are used with deviating from the circular cross-section. The production of such However, coils, in particular with an elongated, almost rectangular cross-section, are relatively complicated in comparison with the production of coils with a circular cross-section. In addition, coils with a circular cross section are generally advantageous in terms of their energy efficiency. The inventive arrangement of the trigger in the switching device allows in a simple manner the use of triggers made with conventional round coils, which each have a width of at least, preferably more than half of the total width of the housing. The same applies to the arc extinguishing chambers assigned to each contact point.

Ein besonders kompakter Aufbau des Gehäuses ist vorteilhafterweise dadurch erreichbar, dass die Betätigungsrichtungen von in den Spulen der Auslöser geführten Schlagstößeln einander entgegengerichtet sind. Die Betätigungsrichtungen der Schlagstößel sind hierbei mit den Betätigungsrichtungen der zugeordneten Bewegkontakte bevorzugt zumindest annähernd identisch. Auf diese Weise ist es möglich, dass im Gehäuse jeweils einer Spule eines Auslösers der im Vergleich hierzu sehr schmale Stößel des jeweils anderen Auslösers benachbart ist. Im Vergleich zu den elektromagnetischen Auslösern weisen auch die bevorzugt als Bimetallauslöser ausgebildeten verzögerten Auslöser eine relativ geringe Breite auf.A particularly compact construction of the housing is advantageously achievable in that the actuation directions of impact rams guided in the coils of the triggers are opposite to one another. The actuating directions of the impact rams are preferably at least approximately identical to the actuating directions of the associated moving contacts. In this way it is possible that in each case a coil of a trigger of the comparatively very narrow plunger of the other trigger is adjacent in the housing. Compared to the electromagnetic triggers, the delayed triggers, which are preferably designed as bimetallic triggers, also have a relatively small width.

Relativ zu einer normal zur Gehäusebefestigungsseite angeordneten Achse ist die Schaltanordnung aus zweitem unverzögert und zweitem verzögert ansprechenden Auslöser relativ zur Schaltanordnung aus erstem unverzögert und erstem verzögert ansprechenden Auslöser innerhalb des Gehäuses im Wesentlichen um 180° verdreht. Der Vorteil dieser verschränkten oder gegengleichen Anordnung der einzelnen Auslöser im Gehäuse liegt insbesondere darin, auch wenn nicht jede der beiden Schaltanordnungen sowohl einen unverzögert als auch einen verzögert ansprechenden Auslöser umfasst, dass die einzelnen Wärme erzeugenden Bauteile, insbesondere Spulen und Bimetallelemente, gleichmäßig über das insgesamt kompakte Gehäuse verteilt sind. Des Weiteren tritt durch die kurzen Strompfade im Schaltgerät nur eine geringe Erwärmung auf.Relative to a normal to the housing mounting side arranged axis, the switching arrangement of second instantaneous and second delayed responsive trigger relative to the switching arrangement of the first instantaneous and first delayed responsive trigger within the housing is rotated substantially by 180 °. The advantage of this entangled or opposite arrangement of the individual triggers in the housing is in particular therein, even if not each of the two switching arrangements comprises both an instantaneous and a delayed responding trigger, that the individual heat-generating components, in particular coils and bimetal elements, uniformly over the total distributed compact housing are. Furthermore, due to the short current paths in the switching device, only a slight warming occurs.

Mehrere Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung werden nachfolgend anhand einer Zeichnung näher erläutert. Hierin zeigen:

FIG 1a und b
in symbolisierten Schnittdarstellungen ein elektromechanisches Schaltgerät mit zwei entgegengesetzt betätigbaren Bewegkontakten,
FIG 2a und b
in schematischer Darstellung jeweils die Aufteilung eines Schaltgerätes in mehrere Gehäusebereiche,
FIG 3a und b
in stark vereinfachten Schnittdarstellungen ein Schaltgerät mit längsgeteiltem Gehäuse,
FIG 4a und b
in perspektivischer unvollständiger Darstellung einen Leitungsschutzschalter als elektromechanisches Schaltgerät mit einer Gehäuseschale bzw. einem angedeuteten Gehäuse,
FIG 5
in einer perspektivischen Darstellung einen Teil des Schaltgerätes nach FIG 4a und 4b,
FIG 6a und b
jeweils eine Schnittdarstellung des Schaltgerätes nach den FIG 4a und 4b.
Several embodiments of the invention are explained below with reference to a drawing. Herein show:
FIGS. 1a and b
in symbolized sectional views of an electromechanical switching device with two oppositely actuated moving contacts,
FIGS. 2a and b
in a schematic representation, in each case the division of a switching device into a plurality of housing regions,
FIGS. 3a and b
in simplified sectional views a switching device with longitudinally split housing,
FIGS. 4a and b
in a perspective incomplete representation of a circuit breaker as an electromechanical switching device with a housing shell or an indicated housing,
FIG. 5
in a perspective view of a part of the switching device of FIG 4a and 4b,
FIGS. 6a and b
in each case a sectional view of the switching device according to FIGS. 4a and 4b.

Einander entsprechende oder gleich wirkende Teile sind in allen Figuren mit den gleichen Bezugszeichen versehen.Corresponding or equivalent parts are provided in all figures with the same reference numerals.

Die FIG 1a und 1b zeigen symbolisch im Längs- bzw. Querschnitt ein elektromechanisches Schaltgerät 1 als Reiheneinbaugerät, in welchem zwei Strompfade schaltbar sind. Das Schaltgerät 1 weist hierzu ein Gehäuse 8 auf, welches in einen ersten Gehäusebereich 18 und einen zweiten Gehäusebereich 19 längsgeteilt ist. In jedem der Gehäusebereiche 18,19 befindet sich zur Schaltung jeweils eines Strompfades jeweils ein bewegliches Kontaktelement 33,34 und ein mit diesem zusammenwirkender Festkontakt 35,36. Der in dem ersten Gehäusebereich 18 angeordnete erste Bewegkontakt 33 ist einer Betätigungsrichtung R1 in Richtung des zugeordneten ersten Festkontaktes 35 bewegbar, während der zweite Bewegkontakt 34 im zweiten Gehäusebereich 19 in entgegengesetzter Betätigungsrichtung R2 zum Schließen des entsprechenden Strompfades auf den zweiten Festkontakt 36 zu bewegbar ist. Die Bewegkontakte 33,34 sind beispielsweise manuell und oder elektromagnetisch betätigbar. Hinsichtlich weiterer möglicher Details des Schaltgerätes 1 wird auf die Beschreibung zu den FIG 4a bis 6b verwiesen.Figures 1a and 1b show symbolically in longitudinal or cross section an electromechanical switching device 1 as a modular device in which two current paths are switchable. For this purpose, the switching device 1 has a housing 8, which is longitudinally divided into a first housing region 18 and a second housing region 19. In each of the housing areas 18, 19 there is in each case a movable contact element 33, 34 for switching a respective current path, and a fixed contact 35, 36 cooperating therewith. The arranged in the first housing portion 18 first moving contact 33 is an actuating direction R1 in the direction of the associated first fixed contact 35 movable while the second moving contact 34 in the second housing portion 19 in the opposite direction of actuation R2 for closing the corresponding current path to the second fixed contact 36 is movable. The moving contacts 33,34 are manually and or electromagnetically actuated, for example. With regard to further possible details of the switching device 1, reference is made to the description of FIG 4a to 6b.

Die FIG 2a und 2b zeigen verschiedene Varianten der Querschnittsgestaltung eines Schaltgerätes 1. Im Ausführungsbeispiel nach FIG 2a sind die beiden Gehäusebereiche 18,19 identisch geformt, jedoch um eine geometrische Hochachse A im Gehäuse 8 gespiegelt. Die Breite B des Gehäuses 8 beträgt 18 mm, auch als eine Teilungseinheit (TE) bezeichnet. Das Gehäuse 8 nach FIG 2b weist dagegen eine Breite B von zwei Teilungseinheiten (TE) auf. In diesem Fall sind die einzelnen Gehäusebereiche 18,19 jeweils zweifach im Gehäuse 8 vorhanden. Die Form eines Gehäusebereichs 19 ist jeweils durch Drehung eines benachbarten Gehäusebereichs 18 um 180° erzeugt.FIGS. 2a and 2b show different variants of the cross-sectional configuration of a switching device 1. In the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 2a, the two housing regions 18, 19 are identically shaped but mirrored about a geometric vertical axis A in the housing 8. The width B of the housing 8 is 18 mm, also referred to as a division unit (TE). By contrast, the housing 8 according to FIG. 2b has a width B of two graduation units (TE). In this case, the individual housing areas 18, 19 are each provided twice in the housing 8. The shape of a housing portion 19 is generated in each case by rotation of an adjacent housing portion 18 by 180 °.

In den FIG 3a und 3b ist symbolisch ein Leitungsschutzschalter als Schaltgerät 1 dargestellt. Innerhalb der Gehäusebereiche 18,19 ist jeweils ein unverzögerter Auslöser 2,3 und ein verzögerter Auslöser 4,5 angeordnet. Zwischen diesen ist ein Vorkammerbereich 37 angedeutet. Des Weiteren befindet sich in jedem Gehäusebereich 18,19 eine Lichtbogenlöschkammer 6,7. Der Aufbau und die Funktion der spiegelsymmetrisch angeordneten Schaltanordnungen mit jeweils einem unverzögerten Auslöser 2,3 und einem verzögerten Auslöser 4,5 sind identisch. Das Schaltgerät 1 mit diesem Aufbau wird auch als 1+1-Gerät bezeichnet. Die Kontaktpaare mit jeweils einem Bewegkontakt 33,34 und einem Festkontakt 35,36 sind in FIG 3a und 3b nicht dargestellt.In FIGS. 3a and 3b, a circuit breaker is shown symbolically as a switching device 1. Within the housing sections 18, 19, an instantaneous release 2, 3 and a delayed release 4, 5 are respectively arranged. Between these, an antechamber region 37 is indicated. Furthermore, an arc quenching chamber 6, 7 is located in each housing region 18, 19. The structure and function of the mirror-symmetrically arranged switching arrangements, each with an undelayed trigger 2, 3 and a delayed release 4, 5, are identical. The switching device 1 with this structure is also referred to as a 1 + 1 device. The pairs of contacts, each with a moving contact 33,34 and a fixed contact 35,36 are not shown in Figures 3a and 3b.

Die Schaltanordnungen in den Gehäusebereichen 18,19 sind nicht notwendigerweise identisch. Ist in einem der Gehäusebereiche 18,19 beispielsweise lediglich ein Kontaktpaar, jedoch weder ein verzögerter oder unverzögerter Auslöser, noch ein Löschsystem vorhanden, so wird das Schaltgerät als 1+N-Schalter bezeichnet. Die genannten Komponenten, nämlich ein unverzögerter Auslöser 2,3, ein verzögerter Auslöser 4,5, eine Lichtbogenlöschkammer 6,7, sowie ein Kontaktpaar aus einem Bewegkontakt 33,34 und einem Festkontakt 35,36 in einem der Gehäusebereiche 18,19, und lediglich ein Kontaktpaar im anderen Gehäusebereich 18,19, sind beispielsweise auch in einem sogenannten LS+HS-Schalter, das heißt einer Kombination aus Leitungsschutzschalter und Hilfsstromschalter, beinhaltet.The switching arrangements in the housing areas 18, 19 are not necessarily identical. Is in one of the housing areas 18,19, for example, only a pair of contacts, but neither a delayed or instantaneous trigger, nor an extinguishing system present, the switching device is referred to as a 1 + N switch. The components mentioned, namely an instantaneous release 2,3, a delayed release 4,5, an arc extinguishing chamber 6,7, and a pair of contacts from a moving contact 33,34 and a fixed contact 35,36 in one of the housing portions 18,19, and only a pair of contacts in the other housing portion 18,19, for example, in a so-called LS + HS switch, that is, a combination of circuit breaker and auxiliary power switch includes.

Ist in beiden Gehäusebereichen 18,19 ausschließlich jeweils ein Kontaktpaar, jedoch keine der vorgenannten weiteren Komponenten vorhanden, so handelt es sich um einen sogenannten EBS-Schalter (Einbauschalter). Des Weiteren besteht beispielsweise die Möglichkeit, die Komponenten eines Leitungsschutzschalters 1 innerhalb eines der Gehäusebereiche 18,19, wie in FIG 3b dargestellt, mit lediglich einem Kontaktpaar und einem verzögerten Auslöser 4,5 im zweiten Gehäusebereich 18,19 zu kombinieren, d.h. in einem der Gehäusebereiche 18,19 keinen unverzögerten Auslöser und kein Löschsystem vorzusehen. Weitere Kombinationen innerhalb eines Schaltgerätes 1 sind je nach spezifischen Anforderungen ebenso realisierbar.If only one contact pair, but none of the aforementioned further components, is present in both housing areas 18, 19, then this is a so-called EBS switch (built-in switch). Furthermore, for example, it is possible to combine the components of a circuit breaker 1 within one of the housing areas 18, 19, as shown in FIG. 3b, with only one contact pair and a delayed release 4.5 in the second housing area 18, 19, i. to provide in any of the housing areas 18,19 no instantaneous trigger and no extinguishing system. Other combinations within a switching device 1 are also feasible depending on the specific requirements.

Die Figuren 4a bis 6b zeigen in detaillierterer Darstellung ein Ausführungsbeispiel eines Leitungsschutzschalters 1 als elektromechanisches Schaltgerät mit jeweils zwei elektromagnetischen Auslösern 2,3, thermischen Auslösern 4,5 und Lichtbogenlöschkammern 6,7. Ein mit den Auslösern 2,3,4,5 zusammenwirkender Schaltmechanismus ist der Übersichtlichkeit halber nicht dargestellt. Ein Gehäuse 8 des Schaltgerätes 1 ist zusammengesetzt aus zwei Gehäusehälften 9,10 und weist eine Breite B auf. Das Gehäuse 8 weist an einer Befestigungsseite 11 eine Aussparung 12 auf, an der es in an sich bekannter Weise an einer auch als Hutschiene bezeichneten Tragschiene befestigbar ist. Die senkrecht zur Befestigungsseite 11 angeordneten Gehäuseseiten werden bezeichnet als Gehäusequerseiten 13,14 und Gehäuselängsseiten 15,16. Von den Gehäusequerseiten 13,14 aus sind jeweils zwei Klemmen 17 zugänglich. Somit existieren zwei Strombahnen jeweils von einer Klemme 17 der ersten Gehäusequerseite 13 zu einer Klemme 17 der zweiten Gehäusequerseite 14. Die Strombahnen führen durch jeweils einen Gehäusebereich 18,19, welcher an die erste Gehäuselängsseite 15 bzw. die zweite Gehäuselängsseite 16 grenzt. Jeder der Gehäusebereiche 18,19 weist jeweils einen breiten Gehäuseteilbereich 20,21 und einen schmalen Gehäuseteilbereich 22, 23 auf, wobei der breite Gehäuseteilbereich 20 des ersten Gehäusebereiches 18 an den schmalen Gehäusebereich 23 des zweiten Gehäusebereichs 19 und der breite Gehäuseteilbereich 21 des zweiten Gehäusebereichs 19 an den schmalen Gehäuseteilbereich 22 des ersten Gehäusebereiches 18 grenzt. Zwischen den Gehäusebereichen 18,19 ist eine Trennwand 24 erkennbar, welche einen Schrägbereich 25 aufweist, der den Übergang von den breiten Gehäuseteilbereichen 20,21 zu den schmalen Gehäuseteilbereichen 22,23 festlegt.Figures 4a to 6b show in more detail an embodiment of a circuit breaker 1 as an electromechanical switching device with two electromagnetic triggers 2,3, thermal triggers 4,5 and arc extinguishing chambers 6,7. A cooperating with the triggers 2,3,4,5 switching mechanism is not shown for clarity. A housing 8 of the switching device 1 is composed of two housing halves 9,10 and has a width B on. The housing 8 has, on a fastening side 11, a recess 12 on which it can be fastened in a manner known per se to a mounting rail which is also designated as a DIN rail. The arranged perpendicular to the attachment side 11 Housing sides are referred to as housing transverse sides 13,14 and housing longitudinal sides 15,16. From the housing transverse sides 13,14 from two terminals 17 are accessible. Thus, there are two current paths in each case from a terminal 17 of the first housing transverse side 13 to a terminal 17 of the second housing transverse side 14. The current paths each lead through a housing region 18, 19, which adjoins the first housing longitudinal side 15 and the second housing longitudinal side 16. Each of the housing areas 18, 19 has in each case a wide housing partial area 20, 21 and a narrow housing partial area 22, 23, wherein the wide housing partial area 20 of the first housing area 18 adjoins the narrow housing area 23 of the second housing area 19 and the wide housing partial area 21 of the second housing area 19 adjacent to the narrow housing part region 22 of the first housing portion 18. Between the housing areas 18, 19 a dividing wall 24 can be seen, which has a bevel area 25, which defines the transition from the wide housing part areas 20, 21 to the narrow housing part areas 22, 23.

In den breiten Gehäuseteilbereichen 20,21 befinden sich jeweils zwischen dem elektromagnetischen oder unverzögerten Auslöser 2,3 und der Befestigungsseite 11 eine Anzahl Deionbleche 26 jeweils einer Lichtbogenlöschkammer 6,7.In the wide housing portions 20,21 are each between the electromagnetic or instantaneous release 2.3 and the mounting side 11, a number Deionbleche 26 each of an arc extinguishing chamber 6.7.

Mittig durch den Schrägbereich 25 der Trennwand 24 verläuft eine gedachte Hochachse A, welche normal zur Befestigungsseite 11 angeordnet ist und eine gegebenenfalls vorhandene Tragschiene etwa mittig schneidet. Die elektromagnetischen Auslöser 2,3 sowie die thermischen oder verzögerten Auslöser 4,5 und die Lichtbogenlöschkammern 6,7 sind jeweils zumindest annähernd symmetrisch zur Hochachse A angeordnet. Gleiches gilt für jeweils zwischen einem elektromagnetischen Auslöser 2,3 und einem zugehörigen thermischen Auslösers 4,5 angeordnete, nicht dargestellte Kontaktstücke, insbesondere Bewegkontakte. Die elektromagnetischen Auslöser 2,3 weisen jeweils eine Spule 29,30 auf, innerhalb derer ein Schlagstößel 31,32 geführt ist, dessen Betätigungsrichtung mit R1 bzw. R2 angegeben ist. Jeder Stößel 31,32 ist teilweise der Spule 30,29 des jeweils anderen elektromagnetischen Auslösers 3,2 benachbart und zur Betätigung eines nicht dargestellten Verklinkungsmechanismus vorgesehen, mit welchem auch die thermischen Auslöser 4,5 zusammenwirken.Centered by the inclined portion 25 of the partition wall 24 extends an imaginary vertical axis A, which is arranged normal to the attachment side 11 and an optionally existing support rail cuts approximately centrally. The electromagnetic triggers 2, 3 and the thermal or delayed triggers 4, 5 and the arc extinguishing chambers 6, 7 are each arranged at least approximately symmetrically with respect to the vertical axis A. The same applies to each between an electromagnetic release 2.3 and an associated thermal release 4.5 arranged, not shown contacts, in particular moving contacts. The electromagnetic release 2,3 each have a coil 29,30, within which a percussion ram 31,32 is guided, the actuation direction is indicated by R1 or R2. Each plunger 31,32 is partially adjacent to the coil 30,29 of the other electromagnetic release 3,2 and provided for actuating a Verklinkungsmechanismus, not shown, with which the thermal triggers 4,5 cooperate.

Jede der Spulen 29,30 weist eine Breite b auf, welche auch der Breite des jeweiligen elektromagnetischen Auslösers 2,3 insgesamt entspricht und, wie insbesondere aus den FIG 3a und 3b ersichtlich ist, größer ist als die Hälfte der Breite B des Gehäuses 8. Die Breite B beträgt vorzugsweise 18 mm, bei genormten Reiheneinbaugeräten auch als Teilungseinheit bezeichnet. Innerhalb dieser Teilungseinheit können im Schaltgerät 1 beispielsweise ein Phasenleiter und ein Neutralleiter oder zwei Phasenleiter geschaltet werden. Durch die annähernd gleichmäßige Verteilung Wärme entwickelnder Bauteile, insbesondere der Auslöser 2,3,4,5 innerhalb des Gehäuses 8 ist trotz dessen kompakten Aufbaus ein hohes Schaltvermögen gewährleistet. Ebenso ist der Raum für die Lichtbogenlöschkammer 6,7 sehr gut ausgenützt. Des Weiteren findet keine gegenseitige magnetische Beeinflussung der Spulen 29, 30 statt, welche im Vergleich zu nebeneinander angeordneten Spulen relativ weit voneinander beabstandet sind. Die Spulen 29,30 sind rationell mit Runddraht gefertigt.Each of the coils 29, 30 has a width b which also corresponds in total to the width of the respective electromagnetic release 2, 3 and, as can be seen in particular from FIGS. 3 a and 3 b, is greater than half the width B of the housing 8. The width B is preferably 18 mm, also referred to as a graduation unit in standardized DIN rail mounted devices. Within this division unit, for example, a phase conductor and a neutral conductor or two phase conductors can be connected in the switching device 1. Due to the approximately uniform distribution of heat-generating components, in particular the trigger 2,3,4,5 within the housing 8 a high switching capacity is ensured despite its compact design. Likewise, the space for the arc extinguishing chamber 6,7 is very well utilized. Furthermore, there is no mutual magnetic influence on the coils 29, 30, which are relatively widely spaced from each other in comparison with coils arranged next to one another. The coils 29,30 are rationally made with round wire.

Claims (8)

  1. Electromechanical switching device with two movable contact elements (33, 34), which each interact with a fixed contact (35, 36), with a housing (8) featuring a fixing side (11) of a width (B), which, viewed from above the fixing side (11), is subdivided into two housing areas (18,19) each adjoining one of the lengthwise sides (15, 16), in which one of the movable contact elements (33, 34) as well as the associated fixed contact (35, 36) are located in each case, with each housing area (18, 19) having a narrow partial housing area (22, 23) and adjoining this a broad partial housing area (20, 21), with the broad partial housing area (20) of the first housing area (18) being adjacent to the narrow partial housing area (23) of the second housing area (19) and the narrow partial housing area (22) of the first housing area (18) being adjacent to the broad partial housing area (21) of the second housing area (19).
    characterized in that the directions of actuation (R1, R2) of the movable contact elements (33, 34) are opposed to each other.
  2. Switching device in accordance with claim 1, characterized in that the two housing areas (18, 19) are formed in an identical way but are mirrored around a geometrical vertical axis (A) in the housing (8).
  3. Switching device in accordance with claim 1 or 2,
    characterized in that at least one housing area (18, 19) contains an immediate-release actuator (2, 3).
  4. Switching device in accordance with claim 3, characterized in that the width (b) of the immediate-release actuator (2, 3) is at least as large as half the width (B) of the housing.
  5. Switching device in accordance with claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the immediate-release actuator (2, 3) features a coil (29, 30) with a round cross-section.
  6. Switching device in accordance with one of the claims 1 to 5,
    characterized in that at least one housing area (18, 19) contains a delayed-release actuator (4, 5).
  7. Switching device in accordance with one of the claims 1 to 6,
    characterized in that the housing features more than two housing areas (18, 19).
  8. Switching device in accordance with one of the claims 1 to 7,
    characterized in that the housing areas (18, 19) contain different circuit arrangements.
EP04725356A 2003-04-30 2004-04-02 Electromechanical switching device Expired - Lifetime EP1618580B1 (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP04725356A EP1618580B1 (en) 2003-04-30 2004-04-02 Electromechanical switching device
SI200430145T SI1618580T1 (en) 2003-04-30 2004-04-02 Electromechanical switching device

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP03009941A EP1473750A1 (en) 2003-04-30 2003-04-30 Electro-mechanical switching device
EP04725356A EP1618580B1 (en) 2003-04-30 2004-04-02 Electromechanical switching device
PCT/EP2004/003536 WO2004097878A1 (en) 2003-04-30 2004-04-02 Electromechanical switching device

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EP1618580A1 EP1618580A1 (en) 2006-01-25
EP1618580B1 true EP1618580B1 (en) 2006-10-04

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EP04725356A Expired - Lifetime EP1618580B1 (en) 2003-04-30 2004-04-02 Electromechanical switching device

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CN (1) CN100361254C (en)
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SI (1) SI1618580T1 (en)
WO (1) WO2004097878A1 (en)

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DE102019207199A1 (en) * 2019-05-17 2020-11-19 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Polarity-independent direct current arc extinguishing device, polarity-independent direct current switching device and switching device arrangement

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EP2026368B1 (en) * 2006-05-19 2016-02-03 General Electric Company Housing for single-pole circuit breaker comprising two current path regions
JP2012199000A (en) * 2011-03-18 2012-10-18 Fuji Electric Fa Components & Systems Co Ltd Multipole circuit breaker
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DE102020210028A1 (en) * 2020-08-07 2022-02-10 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Operator-independent compact snap-action switch and electromechanical protective switching device
DE102021201159A1 (en) * 2021-02-08 2022-08-11 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Insulated housing and compact circuit breaker
DE102021208514A1 (en) 2021-08-05 2023-02-09 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Draw-in summation current transformers, residual current circuit breakers and assembly methods
DE102021208518A1 (en) 2021-08-05 2023-02-09 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Insulated housing and low-voltage protective switching device
DE102021208516A1 (en) 2021-08-05 2023-02-09 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Summation current transformer and residual current circuit breaker
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DE102019207199A1 (en) * 2019-05-17 2020-11-19 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Polarity-independent direct current arc extinguishing device, polarity-independent direct current switching device and switching device arrangement

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE502004001685D1 (en) 2006-11-16
SI1618580T1 (en) 2007-04-30
US20060214752A1 (en) 2006-09-28
EP1618580A1 (en) 2006-01-25
CN1764995A (en) 2006-04-26
BRPI0409808A (en) 2006-05-09
CN100361254C (en) 2008-01-09
WO2004097878A1 (en) 2004-11-11
US7268651B2 (en) 2007-09-11
EP1473750A1 (en) 2004-11-03

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