EP1618336B1 - Porous burner comprising a silicon-carbide porous body - Google Patents

Porous burner comprising a silicon-carbide porous body Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1618336B1
EP1618336B1 EP04727529A EP04727529A EP1618336B1 EP 1618336 B1 EP1618336 B1 EP 1618336B1 EP 04727529 A EP04727529 A EP 04727529A EP 04727529 A EP04727529 A EP 04727529A EP 1618336 B1 EP1618336 B1 EP 1618336B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fabric
burner
porous
porous burner
pore
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EP04727529A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1618336A1 (en
Inventor
Michael Hoetger
Walter Thiele
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SGL Carbon SE
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SGL Carbon SE
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C99/00—Subject-matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • F23C99/006—Flameless combustion stabilised within a bed of porous heat-resistant material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/12—Radiant burners
    • F23D14/14—Radiant burners using screens or perforated plates
    • F23D14/145—Radiant burners using screens or perforated plates combustion being stabilised at a screen or a perforated plate
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D2203/00—Gaseous fuel burners
    • F23D2203/10—Flame diffusing means
    • F23D2203/104—Grids, e.g. honeycomb grids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D2212/00—Burner material specifications
    • F23D2212/10—Burner material specifications ceramic
    • F23D2212/105—Particles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for burners using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in a carrier gas
    • F23D2900/14—Special features of gas burners
    • F23D2900/14582—Special features of gas burners with outlets consisting of layers of spherical particles

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a pore burner for burning a fuel-air mixture for producing a hot flue gas, comprising a housing in which a pore material of porous, high temperature resistant silicon carbide (SiC) is provided for combustion.
  • SiC silicon carbide
  • Such a pore burner is used, for example, to pressurize a steam superheater with a hot flue gas stream.
  • the steam generated in the steam superheater has high temperatures and is under high pressure.
  • the stored energy in the steam can then be harnessed in the form of mechanical or electrical energy, for. B. by relaxation in an expansion machine to drive a generator.
  • the hotter the steam and the higher the pressure the better the efficiency of such machines. Accordingly, it is necessary that the flue gas flow has the highest possible temperatures. Typical temperatures are in the range between 850 ° C and 1400 ° C.
  • the pore burners for generating a hot flue gas stream differ in particular from a pure radiant burner, in which only the radiant heat of the burner is used and the resulting flue gas is withdrawn as a by-product via a chimney or an exhaust pipe.
  • Such radiant burners are, for example, artificial log fires or radiant burners for drying varnishes.
  • the radiant heat of a pore burner can be used, the essential However, the proportion of energy transferred to the steam generator comes from the flue gas.
  • a pore burner for burning a fuel / oxidizer mixture.
  • the pore burner is filled with spherical packing.
  • the size of the resulting pores is determined by the size of the packing.
  • the known pore burner is designed so that an excessively high temperature in the reaction space is avoided by an additional cooling gas.
  • a pore burner containing porous material having spatially contiguous cavities formed by a package of refractory wire, foil or sheet material is known. In these cavities, a defined flame zone is formed. The material is not suitable for high temperatures.
  • a highly porous burner mat which consists of metallic or ceramic fibers which are welded together in irregular structures.
  • the mat is provided with holes through which the gas flows. It creates areas of different flow velocities, through which an irregular flame carpet is created, which stands out from the surface of the mat.
  • US 4,895,513 discloses a pore burner in which the pore body consists of a felt of silicon carbide fibers.
  • the object is achieved in that the carbon fabric has an ordered, regular structure.
  • the invention is based on the finding that the properties of a pore burner can be influenced if the pore structure can be produced in a targeted manner. Interweaving the hard and brittle material silicon carbide is not possible. However, by siliciding a suitably shaped carbon fabric, it is possible to create a suitably designed SiC fabric structure.
  • the siliconized tissue is inexpensive to produce. It withstands mechanical and thermal loads very well.
  • the mesh size and planar shape of the fabric is also individually customizable as its size and outline, so that when using such materials as a porous body for pore burner, an optimization of the burner properties is possible.
  • the silicon carbide fabric has a shape deviating from a plane surface. Then, a plurality of tissue pieces can be stacked on each other. In this way, without additional spacers or the like, a three-dimensional arrangement is provided, with which the pore burner can be filled.
  • the tissue can be wavy shaped. However, other forms are possible, such as a cross-section sawtooth or box-shaped profile. In order to obtain a small pore size, then on the one hand, the tissue parameters can be kept small and on the other hand, the waveform of a plurality of small waves are assembled.
  • the tissue may consist of completely silicided fibers. However, for some applications, it may also be useful for the tissue to be partially silicided and to contain a core of pure carbon.
  • the ordered structures are designed so that zones of different porosity form.
  • the porous body of the burner may be formed in two or more zones of different pore size.
  • the inlet-side part of the porous body then has a smaller pore size than the outlet-side pore body.
  • the flame forms in the coarse-pored zone, while in the fine-pored zone, a mixture and preheating of the fuel-air mixture take place.
  • the pore size can by the selected tissues and their arrangement, such as. B. stacking, be designed particularly well.
  • the fine-pored part is made of conventional pore-forming materials, while the coarsely porous part consists of siliconized carbon fabric.
  • the material of the fine-pored part is preferably poorly conductive, so that heat transfer from the combustion zone into the premixing zone is avoided. In this way, a flashback of the flames is prevented.
  • the axes of curvature of the waves of a piece of fabric may lie in one plane and the pieces of fabric may be arranged one above the other such that the projections of the wave normals are perpendicular to one another on such a plane defined by the axes of curvature.
  • the wave normal then each form an angle of about 45 ° to the flow direction of the flue gas.
  • a wave normal is here the vertical on a wavefront. It lies in the plane defined by the axes of curvature.
  • the pore structure is formed from stacked wavy SiC mats. The individual levels are arranged at an angle of about 90 ° rotated against each other. This arrangement is particularly favorable for the combustion behavior of the burner.
  • the structure thus flowed through is called a static mixer.
  • the fuel and the combustion air are mixed together so that the fuel is particularly low in emissions and completely burned.
  • the housing of the burner is provided with an insulating layer. This avoids undesirable convective heat transfer through the housing into the periphery of the burner.
  • the housing wall can be traversed by a cooling medium, which is either discharged separately into the environment or mixed with the hot flue gas in the outlet of the burner.
  • a pore burner 10 is shown.
  • the pore burner consists of a housing 12, in which a fuel gas-air mixture is introduced.
  • the flow direction of the inflowing gas is shown by the arrows 14.
  • a plurality of pieces of fabric 16 are stacked on each other.
  • the pores are smaller and in a second zone 20, the pores are larger.
  • the porous material of the first zone 18 is not shown.
  • oxidation takes place in the pores without proper flame formation.
  • This creates hot Flue gas which is in Fig. 1 is represented by arrows 22.
  • the flue gas is used to heat a steam generator. It is possible to arrange the steam generator within the radiation field of the porous burner 10, so that not only the heat transmitted through the flue gas, but also the radiant heat is used.
  • the tissue pieces 16 are in Fig. 2 again shown in detail. They consist of a substantially rectangular, net-like fabric. A plurality of these pieces of fabric 16 are stacked. Each piece of fabric 16 is curved in a wave shape about a curvature axis 37. The tissue pieces are stacked on each other so that the mountains 24 and valleys 26 of the curvatures are always alternately offset by 90 degrees. This is in Fig. 3 seen. For example, the fabric piece 30 is offset by 90 degrees on the fabric piece 28.
  • the pore burner is completely filled with the tissue pieces 16. This creates a pore structure that allows a particularly good, uniform flame development. The pore body is traversed by the fuel / air mixture parallel to the planes of the individual fabric layers and in the direction of the bisector 34 of the angle of rotation between the wave normal 35 and the wave normal 39 of the layers.
  • the pore burner 10 has a rectangular cross section and is therefore also filled with rectangular pieces of fabric 16. If the pore burner 10 has a different shaped cross-section, of course, the shape of the tissue pieces is adjusted accordingly.
  • the housing 12 of the pore burner is flowed through by a coolant.
  • the cooling air is in this case separately in a cooling channel 38 ( Figure 4 ) of the housing 12 and is mixed at the outlet 40 with the flue gas.
  • the size of the tissue pockets 32, the radii of curvature of the troughs and mountains and the number of curvatures per piece of tissue can influence the pore size.
  • the pieces of tissue are made of silicon carbide.
  • Silicon carbide is a carbide ceramic material and as such is not weavable.
  • a carbon fabric is used, which is brought into the appropriate form and then siliconized.
  • Different processes are suitable for siliciding.
  • molten silicon infiltrates a porous substrate of carbon fiber reinforced carbon (C / C) and reacts directly with the carbon of the matrix to form SiC.
  • C / C carbon fiber reinforced carbon
  • the silicated tissue pieces 16 are stiff after this process and can be used in the burner without further change in shape.
  • the material is high temperature resistant.
  • the production process for planar SiC structures is inexpensive compared to spongy ceramic bodies and the mechanical and thermal capacity is much higher than ceramic sponges.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Gas Burners (AREA)
  • Ceramic Products (AREA)
  • Woven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Porous Artificial Stone Or Porous Ceramic Products (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a porous burner (10) for burning a fuel-air mixture for producing a hot flue gas (22). Said burner contains a housing (12), provided with a porous material (16) consisting of a silicon carbide (SiC) that is resistant to high temperatures and facilitates combustion. The burner is characterised in that the porous body comprises a siliconised carbon textile with a regular, uniform structure. The shape of the silicon carbide textile (16) can deviate from a planar surface and be e.g undulating and a plurality of textile sections (28, 30) can be laid on top of one another.

Description

Technisches GebietTechnical area

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Porenbrenner zum Verbrennen eines Brennstoff-Luft-Gemisches zur Erzeugung eines heißen Rauchgases, enthaltend ein Gehäuse, in welchem ein Porenmaterial aus porösem, hochtemperaturfestem Siliziumkarbid (SiC) für eine Verbrennung vorgesehen ist.The invention relates to a pore burner for burning a fuel-air mixture for producing a hot flue gas, comprising a housing in which a pore material of porous, high temperature resistant silicon carbide (SiC) is provided for combustion.

Ein solcher Porenbrenner wird zum Beispiel eingesetzt, um einen Dampfüberhitzer mit einem heißen Rauchgasstrom zu beaufschlagen. Der in dem Dampfüberhitzer entstehende Dampf hat hohe Temperaturen und steht unter starkem Druck. Die in dem Dampf gespeicherte Energie kann dann in Form von mechanischer bzw. elektrischer Energie nutzbar gemacht werden, z. B. durch Entspannung in einer Expansionsmaschine zum Antrieb eines Generators. Je heißer der Dampf und je höher der Druck, um so besser ist der Wirkungsgrad solcher Maschinen. Entsprechend ist es erforderlich, dass der Rauchgasstrom möglichst hohe Temperaturen aufweist. Typische Temperaturen liegen im Bereich zwischen 850°C und 1400°C.Such a pore burner is used, for example, to pressurize a steam superheater with a hot flue gas stream. The steam generated in the steam superheater has high temperatures and is under high pressure. The stored energy in the steam can then be harnessed in the form of mechanical or electrical energy, for. B. by relaxation in an expansion machine to drive a generator. The hotter the steam and the higher the pressure, the better the efficiency of such machines. Accordingly, it is necessary that the flue gas flow has the highest possible temperatures. Typical temperatures are in the range between 850 ° C and 1400 ° C.

Die Porenbrenner zur Erzeugung eines heißen Rauchgasstroms unterscheiden sich insbesondere von einem reinen Strahlungsbrenner, bei dem nur die Strahlungswärme des Brenners genutzt wird und das entstehende Rauchgas als Nebenprodukt über einen Kamin oder ein Abluftrohr abgezogen wird. Solche Strahlungsbrenner sind zum Beispiel künstliche Kaminfeuer oder Strahlungsbrenner zum Trocknen von Lackierungen. Zwar kann auch die Strahlungswärme eines Porenbrenner genutzt werden, der wesentliche Anteil der auf den Dampferzeuger übertragenen Energie kommt jedoch aus dem Rauchgas.The pore burners for generating a hot flue gas stream differ in particular from a pure radiant burner, in which only the radiant heat of the burner is used and the resulting flue gas is withdrawn as a by-product via a chimney or an exhaust pipe. Such radiant burners are, for example, artificial log fires or radiant burners for drying varnishes. Although the radiant heat of a pore burner can be used, the essential However, the proportion of energy transferred to the steam generator comes from the flue gas.

Sand der TechnikSand of technology

Aus der DE 19939951 C2 ist ein Porenbrenner zur Verbrennung eines Brennstoff/Oxidationsmittelgemisches bekannt. Der Porenbrenner ist mit kugelförmigen Füllkörpern gefüllt. Die Größe der entstehenden Poren ist durch die Größe der Füllkörper bestimmt. Der bekannte Porenbrenner ist so ausgelegt, dass durch ein zusätzliches Kühlgas eine zu hohe Temperatur im Reaktionsraum vermieden wird.From the DE 19939951 C2 a pore burner is known for burning a fuel / oxidizer mixture. The pore burner is filled with spherical packing. The size of the resulting pores is determined by the size of the packing. The known pore burner is designed so that an excessively high temperature in the reaction space is avoided by an additional cooling gas.

Aus der DE 195 27 583 C2 ist ein Porenbrenner bekannt, der poröses Material enthält, welches räumlich zusammenhängende Hohlräume aufweist, die von einer Packung aus hitzebeständigem Draht- Folien- oder Blechmaterial gebildet sind. In diesen Hohlräumen bildet sich eine definierte Flammenzone. Das Material ist für hohe Temperaturen nicht geeignet.From the DE 195 27 583 C2 For example, a pore burner containing porous material having spatially contiguous cavities formed by a package of refractory wire, foil or sheet material is known. In these cavities, a defined flame zone is formed. The material is not suitable for high temperatures.

Es sind weiterhin Porenbrenner bekannt, die mit einer Keramik gefüllt sind, die eine Vielzahl von Hohlräumen aufweisen, z. B. aus der US 5,890,886 . Es sind auch andere Schaumkeramiken, Metallschäume oder -schwämme bekannt, z. B. aus der DE 196 21 638 A1 . Diese Schäume oder Schwämme weisen den Nachteil auf, dass sie teuer in der Herstellung sind. Außerdem sind sie sehr empfindlich gegenüber mechanischen und thermischen Belastungen. Sie reißen oder platzen bei übermäßiger Belastung, was zu verminderter Leistungsfähigkeit und vermehrtem Schadstoffausstoß führt.There are also pore burners known which are filled with a ceramic having a plurality of cavities, for. B. from the US 5,890,886 , There are also other foam ceramics, metal foams or sponges known, for. B. from the DE 196 21 638 A1 , These foams or sponges have the disadvantage that they are expensive to manufacture. In addition, they are very sensitive to mechanical and thermal loads. They rupture or burst at excessive load, resulting in reduced performance and increased pollutant emissions.

Aus der DE 198 47 042 A1 ist eine hochporöse Brennermatte bekannt, die aus metallischen oder keramischen Fasern besteht, welche in unregelmäßigen Strukturen miteinander verschweißt sind. Die Matte ist mit Löchern versehen, durch welche das Gas strömt. Es entstehen Bereiche unterschiedlicher Strömungsgeschwindigkeiten, durch welche ein unregelmäßiger Flammenteppich entsteht, der von der Oberfläche der Matte abhebt.From the DE 198 47 042 A1 is a highly porous burner mat is known which consists of metallic or ceramic fibers which are welded together in irregular structures. The mat is provided with holes through which the gas flows. It creates areas of different flow velocities, through which an irregular flame carpet is created, which stands out from the surface of the mat.

US 4 895 513 offenbart eine Porenbrenner in dem der Porenkörper aus einem Filz aus Siliziumkarbidfasern besteht. US 4,895,513 discloses a pore burner in which the pore body consists of a felt of silicon carbide fibers.

Offenbarung der ErfindungDisclosure of the invention

Es ist Aufgabe der Erfindung, einen Porenbrenner zu schaffen, der eine gleichmäßige Verbrennung aufweist und dessen Porenstruktur direkt im Herstellungsprozess beeinflussbar ist.It is an object of the invention to provide a pore burner, which has a uniform combustion and whose pore structure can be influenced directly in the manufacturing process.

Erfindungsgemäß wird die Aufgabe dadurch gelöst, dass das Kohlenstoffgewebe eine geordnete, regelmäßige Struktur aufweist. Die Erfindung basiert auf der Erkenntnis, dass sich die Eigenschaften eines Porenbrenners beeinflussen lassen, wenn die Porenstruktur gezielt herstellbar ist. Ein Verweben des harten und spröden Materials Siliziumkarbid ist nicht möglich. Durch Silizieren eines geeignet geformten Kohlenstoffgewebes ist es jedoch möglich, eine entsprechend gestaltete Gewebestruktur aus SiC zu schaffen. Das silizierte Gewebe ist kostengünstig herstellbar. Es hält mechanischen und thermischen Belastungen sehr gut stand. Die Maschenweite und flächige Form des Gewebes ist ebenso individuell anpassbar wie dessen Größe und Umrisse, so dass bei Verwendung derartiger Materialien als Porenkörper für Porenbrenners eine Optimierung der Brennereigenschaften möglich ist.According to the invention the object is achieved in that the carbon fabric has an ordered, regular structure. The invention is based on the finding that the properties of a pore burner can be influenced if the pore structure can be produced in a targeted manner. Interweaving the hard and brittle material silicon carbide is not possible. However, by siliciding a suitably shaped carbon fabric, it is possible to create a suitably designed SiC fabric structure. The siliconized tissue is inexpensive to produce. It withstands mechanical and thermal loads very well. The mesh size and planar shape of the fabric is also individually customizable as its size and outline, so that when using such materials as a porous body for pore burner, an optimization of the burner properties is possible.

In einer Ausgestaltung der Erfindung weist das Gewebe aus Siliziumkarbid eine von einer Planfläche abweichende Form auf. Dann kann eine Mehrzahl von Gewebestücken aufeinander geschichtet werden. Auf diese Weise wird ohne zusätzliche Abstandshalter oder dergleichen eine dreidimensionale Anordnung geschaffen, mit welcher der Porenbrenner füllbar ist.In one embodiment of the invention, the silicon carbide fabric has a shape deviating from a plane surface. Then, a plurality of tissue pieces can be stacked on each other. In this way, without additional spacers or the like, a three-dimensional arrangement is provided, with which the pore burner can be filled.

Das Gewebe kann wellenförmig geformt sein. Es sind aber auch andere Formen möglich, wie ein im Querschnitt sägezahnförmiges oder kastenförmiges Profil. Um eine kleine Porengröße zu erhalten, können dann zum einen die Gewebeparameter klein gehalten werden und zum anderen die Wellenform aus einer Vielzahl von kleinen Wellen zusammengesetzt werden.The tissue can be wavy shaped. However, other forms are possible, such as a cross-section sawtooth or box-shaped profile. In order to obtain a small pore size, then on the one hand, the tissue parameters can be kept small and on the other hand, the waveform of a plurality of small waves are assembled.

Das Gewebe kann aus vollständig silizierten Fasern bestehen. Für einige Anwendungen kann es aber auch sinnvoll sein, dass das Gewebe teilsiliziert ist, und einen Kern aus reinem Kohlenstoff enthält.The tissue may consist of completely silicided fibers. However, for some applications, it may also be useful for the tissue to be partially silicided and to contain a core of pure carbon.

In einer besonders bevorzugten Ausgestaltung der Erfindung die geordneten Strukturen so ausgelegt sind, dass sich Zonen unterschiedlicher Porösität ausbilden. Dabei kann der poröse Körper des Brenners in zwei oder mehr Zonen unterschiedlicher Porengröße ausgebildet sein. Der einlassseitige Teil des porösen Körpers weist dann eine kleinere Porengröße als der auslassseitige Porenkörper auf. Bei dieser Ausgestaltung bildet sich die Flamme in der grobporigen Zone, während in der feinporigen Zone eine Mischung und Vorheizung des Brennstoff-Luft-gemischs stattfinden. Dies führt zu besonders niedrigem Schadstoffgehalt des Rauchgases bei Verbrennung der üblichen Brennstoffe, wie Erdgas, Benzin oder dergleichen. Die Porengröße kann durch die ausgewählten Gewebe und deren Anordnung, wie z. B. Stapelung, besonders gut gestaltet werden.In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the ordered structures are designed so that zones of different porosity form. In this case, the porous body of the burner may be formed in two or more zones of different pore size. The inlet-side part of the porous body then has a smaller pore size than the outlet-side pore body. In this embodiment, the flame forms in the coarse-pored zone, while in the fine-pored zone, a mixture and preheating of the fuel-air mixture take place. This leads to particularly low pollutant content of the flue gas in combustion of conventional fuels, such as natural gas, gasoline or the like. The pore size can by the selected tissues and their arrangement, such as. B. stacking, be designed particularly well.

In einer alternativen Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist der feinporige Teil aus herkömmlichen Poren bildenden Werkstoffen hergestellt, während der grobporige Teil aus siliziertem Kohlenstoffgewebe besteht. Der Werkstoff des feinporigen Teils ist vorzugsweise schlecht leitend, so dass ein Wärmeübergang aus der Verbrennungszone in die Vormischzone vermieden wird. Auf diese Weise wird einem Rückschlagen der Flammen vorgebeugt.In an alternative embodiment of the invention, the fine-pored part is made of conventional pore-forming materials, while the coarsely porous part consists of siliconized carbon fabric. The material of the fine-pored part is preferably poorly conductive, so that heat transfer from the combustion zone into the premixing zone is avoided. In this way, a flashback of the flames is prevented.

Die Krümmungsachsen der Wellen eines Gewebestücks können in einer Ebene liegen und die Gewebestücke derart übereinander angeordnet sein, daß die Projektionen der Wellennormalen auf eine solche durch die Krümmungsachsen definierte Ebene senkrecht zueinander verlaufen. Vorzugsweise bilden die Wellennormalen dann jeweils einen Winkel von etwa 45° zur Strömungsrichtung des Rauchgases. Eine Wellennormale ist hier die Senkrechte auf einer Wellenfront. Sie liegt in der durch die Krümmungsachsen definierten Ebene. Bei dieser Ausgestaltung der Erfindung wird die Porenstruktur aus gestapelten wellenförmigen SiC-Matten gebildet. Dabei sind die einzelnen Ebenen mit einem Winkel von etwa 90° gegeneinander verdreht angeordnet. Diese Anordnung ist für das Verbrennungsverhalten des Brenners besonders günstig. Die so durchströmte Struktur wird als statischer Mischer bezeichnet. Der Brennstoff und die Verbrennungsluft werden dabei so miteinander vermengt, dass der Kraftstoff besonders schadstoffarm und vollständig verbrannt wird.The axes of curvature of the waves of a piece of fabric may lie in one plane and the pieces of fabric may be arranged one above the other such that the projections of the wave normals are perpendicular to one another on such a plane defined by the axes of curvature. Preferably, the wave normal then each form an angle of about 45 ° to the flow direction of the flue gas. A wave normal is here the vertical on a wavefront. It lies in the plane defined by the axes of curvature. In this embodiment of the invention, the pore structure is formed from stacked wavy SiC mats. The individual levels are arranged at an angle of about 90 ° rotated against each other. This arrangement is particularly favorable for the combustion behavior of the burner. The structure thus flowed through is called a static mixer. The fuel and the combustion air are mixed together so that the fuel is particularly low in emissions and completely burned.

Vorzugsweise ist das Gehäuse des Brenners mit einer isolierenden Schicht versehen. So wird ein ungewünschter konvektiver Wärmeübergang durch das Gehäuse in die Peripherie des Brenners vermieden.Preferably, the housing of the burner is provided with an insulating layer. This avoids undesirable convective heat transfer through the housing into the periphery of the burner.

Alternativ kann die Gehäusewandung von einem Kühlmedium durchströmt sein, das entweder getrennt in die Umwelt abgeführt oder mit dem heißen Rauchgas im Auslassbereich des Brenners vermischt wird.Alternatively, the housing wall can be traversed by a cooling medium, which is either discharged separately into the environment or mixed with the hot flue gas in the outlet of the burner.

Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind Gegenstand der Unteransprüche. Ein Ausführungsbeispiel ist nachstehend unter Bezugnahme auf die beigefügten Zeichnungen näher erläutert.Embodiments of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims. An embodiment is explained below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Kurze Beschreibung der ZeichnungenBrief description of the drawings

Fig.1Fig.1
ist eine schematische Darstellung eines Porenbrennersis a schematic representation of a pore burner
Fig.2Fig.2
zeigt einen Ausschnitt aus einem wellenförmig geformten Gewebestück aus Siliziumkarbidshows a section of a wavy shaped fabric piece of silicon carbide
Fig.3Figure 3
ist Schnitt durch einen schematisch dargestellten Porenbrenneris section through a pore burner shown schematically
Fig.4Figure 4
ist eine Schnitt entlang der Linie A-A in Fig. 3 und zeigt den Auslass eines Porenbrennersis a section along the line AA in Fig. 3 and shows the outlet of a pore burner
Beschreibung des AusführungsbeispielsDescription of the embodiment

In Fig.1 ist schematisch ein Porenbrenner 10 dargestellt. Der Porenbrenner besteht aus einem Gehäuse 12, in welches ein Brenngas-Luftgemisch eingeleitet wird. Die Strömungsrichtung des einströmenden Gases ist durch die Pfeile 14 dargestellt. In dem Gehäuse 12 sind eine Vielzahl von Gewebestücken 16 aufeinander geschichtet. In einer ersten Zone 18 sind die Poren kleiner und in einer zweiten Zone 20 sind die Poren größer. Das poröse Material der ersten Zone 18 ist nicht dargestellt. In der zweiten Zone erfolgt eine Oxidation in den Poren ohne echte Flammenausbildung. Dabei entsteht heißes Rauchgas, welches in Fig. 1 durch Pfeile 22 repräsentiert wird. Das Rauchgas wird genutzt, um einen Dampferzeuger zu heizen. Dabei besteht die Möglichkeit, den Dampferzeuger innerhalb des Strahlungsfeldes des Porenbrenners 10 anzuordnen, so dass nicht nur die durch das Rauchgas übertragene Wärme, sondern zusätzlich auch die Strahlungswärme genutzt wird.In Fig.1 schematically a pore burner 10 is shown. The pore burner consists of a housing 12, in which a fuel gas-air mixture is introduced. The flow direction of the inflowing gas is shown by the arrows 14. In the housing 12, a plurality of pieces of fabric 16 are stacked on each other. In a first zone 18, the pores are smaller and in a second zone 20, the pores are larger. The porous material of the first zone 18 is not shown. In the second zone, oxidation takes place in the pores without proper flame formation. This creates hot Flue gas, which is in Fig. 1 is represented by arrows 22. The flue gas is used to heat a steam generator. It is possible to arrange the steam generator within the radiation field of the porous burner 10, so that not only the heat transmitted through the flue gas, but also the radiant heat is used.

Die Gewebestücke 16 sind in Fig. 2 nochmals im Detail dargestellt. Sie bestehen aus einem im wesentlichen rechteckigen, netzartigen Gewebe. Eine Vielzahl dieser Gewebestücke 16 ist übereinander geschichtet. Jedes Gewebestück 16 ist wellenförmig um eine Krümmungsachse 37 gebogen. Die Gewebestücke werden so aufeinander geschichtet, dass die Berge 24 und Täler 26 der Krümmungen immer abwechselnd um 90 Grad versetzt aufeinander liegen. Dies ist in Fig. 3 ersichtlich. So liegt zum Beispiel das Gewebestück 30 um 90 Grad versetzt auf dem Gewebestück 28 auf. Der Porenbrenner wird vollständig mit den Gewebestücken 16 aufgefüllt. Dadurch bildet sich ein Porenstruktur, die eine besonders gute, gleichmäßige Flammenentwicklung erlaubt. Der Porenkörper wird vom Brennstoff/Luftgemisch parallel zu den Ebenen der einzelnen Gewebe-Schichten und in Richtung der Winkelhalbierenden 34 des Verdrehwinkels zwischen den Wellennormalen 35 und der Wellennormalen 39 der Schichten durchströmt.The tissue pieces 16 are in Fig. 2 again shown in detail. They consist of a substantially rectangular, net-like fabric. A plurality of these pieces of fabric 16 are stacked. Each piece of fabric 16 is curved in a wave shape about a curvature axis 37. The tissue pieces are stacked on each other so that the mountains 24 and valleys 26 of the curvatures are always alternately offset by 90 degrees. This is in Fig. 3 seen. For example, the fabric piece 30 is offset by 90 degrees on the fabric piece 28. The pore burner is completely filled with the tissue pieces 16. This creates a pore structure that allows a particularly good, uniform flame development. The pore body is traversed by the fuel / air mixture parallel to the planes of the individual fabric layers and in the direction of the bisector 34 of the angle of rotation between the wave normal 35 and the wave normal 39 of the layers.

Im vorliegenden Fall hat der Porenbrenner 10 einen rechteckigen Querschnitt und ist daher auch mit rechteckigen Gewebestücken 16 gefüllt. Hat der Porenbrenner 10 einen anders geformten Querschnitt, wird selbstverständlich auch die Form der Gewebestücke entsprechend angepasst.In the present case, the pore burner 10 has a rectangular cross section and is therefore also filled with rectangular pieces of fabric 16. If the pore burner 10 has a different shaped cross-section, of course, the shape of the tissue pieces is adjusted accordingly.

Weiterhin wird das Gehäuse 12 des Porenbrenners von einem Kühlmittel durchströmt. Die Kühlluft wird in diesem Fall gesondert in einen Kühlkanal 38 (Fig.4) des Gehäuses 12 eingespeist und wird am Auslass 40 mit dem Rauchgas vermischt.Furthermore, the housing 12 of the pore burner is flowed through by a coolant. The cooling air is in this case separately in a cooling channel 38 ( Figure 4 ) of the housing 12 and is mixed at the outlet 40 with the flue gas.

Durch die Größe der Gewebemaschen 32, die Krümmungsradien der Wellentäler und - Berge und die Anzahl der Krümmungen pro Gewebestück kann die Porengröße beeinflusst werden. Im vorliegenden Ausführungsbeispiel ist die Porengröße in der Zone 18 (Fig.1) kleiner und in Zone 20 größer.The size of the tissue pockets 32, the radii of curvature of the troughs and mountains and the number of curvatures per piece of tissue can influence the pore size. In the present embodiment, the pore size in the zone 18 ( Fig.1 ) smaller and larger in zone 20.

Die Gewebestücke bestehen aus Siliziumkarbid. Siliziumkarbid ist ein carbidischer Keramik-Werkstoff und als solcher nicht verwebbar. Zur Herstellung derartiger Gewebe wird daher ein Kohlenstoffgewebe verwendet, welches in die geeignete Form gebracht und dann siliziert wird. Zum Silizieren eignen sich verschiedene Prozesse. Beim Flüssigsilizierverfahren wird schmelzflüssiges Silizium ein poröses Substrat aus Kohlenstofffaser verstärktem Kohlenstoff (C/C) infiltriert und mit dem Kohlenstoff der Matrix direkt zu SiC reagiert. Das Verfahren ist bekannt und zum Beispiel im Internet unter htto://www.fz-iuelich.de/iwv/iwvl/index.php?index=8 beschrieben und braucht daher nicht näher erläutert werden.The pieces of tissue are made of silicon carbide. Silicon carbide is a carbide ceramic material and as such is not weavable. For the production of such fabrics, therefore, a carbon fabric is used, which is brought into the appropriate form and then siliconized. Different processes are suitable for siliciding. In the liquid silicification process, molten silicon infiltrates a porous substrate of carbon fiber reinforced carbon (C / C) and reacts directly with the carbon of the matrix to form SiC. The method is known and described for example in the Internet at htto: //www.fz-iuelich.de/iwv/iwvl/index.php?index=8 and therefore need not be explained in more detail.

Die silizierten Gewebestücke 16 sind nach diesem Vorgang steif und können in den Brenner ohne weitere Formveränderung eingesetzt werden. Das Material ist hochtemperaturfest. Das Herstellungsverfahren für flächige SiC-Strukturen ist verglichen mit schwammartigen Keramikkörpern kostengünstig und die mechanische und thermische Belastbarkeit ist gegenüber Keramikschwämmen wesentlich höher.The silicated tissue pieces 16 are stiff after this process and can be used in the burner without further change in shape. The material is high temperature resistant. The production process for planar SiC structures is inexpensive compared to spongy ceramic bodies and the mechanical and thermal capacity is much higher than ceramic sponges.

Claims (8)

  1. Porous burner (10) for the combustion of a fuel-air mixture for producing a hot flue gas (22), comprising a housing (12), in which a porous material (16) consisting of porous, high-temperature-resistant silicon carbide (SiC) is provided for combustion, wherein the porous body comprises siliconized carbon fabric, characterized in that the carbon fabric has an ordered, regular structure.
  2. Porous burner (10) according to Claim 1, characterized in that the silicon carbide fabric (16) has a shape which differs from a planar surface, and a plurality of pieces of fabric (28, 30) are layered on top of one another.
  3. Porous burner (10) according to Claim 2, characterized in that the fabric (16) has an undulating shape.
  4. Porous burner (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fabric (16) consists of fully siliconized fibres.
  5. Porous burner (10) according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the fabric is partially siliconized and comprises a core consisting of pure carbon.
  6. Porous burner (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the ordered structures are constructed such that zones of differing porosity are formed.
  7. Porous burner (10) according to one of Claims 3 to 6, characterized in that the axes of curvature of the waves in a piece of fabric lie in a plane, and the pieces of fabric are arranged one above another in such a manner that the projections of the wave normals extend perpendicularly to one another on such a plane defined by the axes of curvature.
  8. Porous burner according to Claim 7, characterized in that the wave normals each form an angle of about 45° with respect to the direction of flow of the flue gas.
EP04727529A 2003-04-18 2004-04-15 Porous burner comprising a silicon-carbide porous body Expired - Lifetime EP1618336B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10317857 2003-04-18
DE102004006824A DE102004006824B4 (en) 2003-04-18 2004-02-11 Pore burner with silicon carbide pore body
PCT/EP2004/003968 WO2004092646A1 (en) 2003-04-16 2004-04-15 Porous burner comprising a silicon-carbide porous body

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EP1618336A1 EP1618336A1 (en) 2006-01-25
EP1618336B1 true EP1618336B1 (en) 2011-06-29

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EP (1) EP1618336B1 (en)
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EP1618336A1 (en) 2006-01-25
US20060035190A1 (en) 2006-02-16
JP2006523815A (en) 2006-10-19
WO2004092646A1 (en) 2004-10-28

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