EP1618258B1 - Method for pneumatically picking up soil for use in suction devices and suction tube for this purpose and use of said suction tube - Google Patents

Method for pneumatically picking up soil for use in suction devices and suction tube for this purpose and use of said suction tube Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1618258B1
EP1618258B1 EP04721120A EP04721120A EP1618258B1 EP 1618258 B1 EP1618258 B1 EP 1618258B1 EP 04721120 A EP04721120 A EP 04721120A EP 04721120 A EP04721120 A EP 04721120A EP 1618258 B1 EP1618258 B1 EP 1618258B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
crown
soil
extraction pipe
compressed air
suction
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP04721120A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1618258A1 (en
Inventor
Alfons Braun
Frank Walther
Rolf Walther
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Individual
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Individual
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Publication date
Priority claimed from DE10320238A external-priority patent/DE10320238A1/en
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Publication of EP1618258A1 publication Critical patent/EP1618258A1/en
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F3/00—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines
    • E02F3/04—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven
    • E02F3/88—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with arrangements acting by a sucking or forcing effect, e.g. suction dredgers
    • E02F3/90—Component parts, e.g. arrangement or adaptation of pumps
    • E02F3/92—Digging elements, e.g. suction heads
    • E02F3/9256—Active suction heads; Suction heads with cutting elements, i.e. the cutting elements are mounted within the housing of the suction head
    • E02F3/9262—Active suction heads; Suction heads with cutting elements, i.e. the cutting elements are mounted within the housing of the suction head with jets

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for the pneumatic picking up of soil by the Dünnstromhabilit for suction devices, such as suction dredger, by means of a suction air stream using a pneumatic suction tube with a lower end directed to the ground crown and an air supply device for compressed air to the crown to create a soil in the region of the crown relaxing compressed air flow, according to the preamble of claim 1. Furthermore, the invention relates to a pneumatic suction tube for carrying out the method according to claim 5 as well as the use of such a suction tube according to claim 26.
  • suction dredgers When working on buried supply systems and for producing the same so-called pneumatic suction dredgers are used for the excavation of the soil, which operate on the Dünnstrom compiler, that is, the conveyed masses in relation to the transport medium air quantitatively low, with a fast-flowing air flow to transport the soil is used.
  • suction dredgers have at their sucking end a suction pipe or a suction tube, which at the bottom, the ground end has a crown which is serrated and is driven with a predetermined pressure, at least under the weight of the suction tube, for each suction into the ground.
  • blow lances are known which are supplied by a compressor installed on the suction dredger with compressed air.
  • a second person who precedes the suction dredger, operates such a lance and loosens the soil in front of the suction pipe, so that when using such a lance next to the excavator operator a second person must be used.
  • a pneumatic breaking tool for suction dredger has become known, which is tailored to the physical conditions of a suction dredger and is integrated with the suction nozzle of the suction dredger.
  • air lance batteries run as a pneumatic release device, wherein a plurality of air lances, which are coupled via a pressure distributor, are mounted on the suction nozzle of the suction dredge, wherein the air lance are arranged either inside or outside, but preferably are arranged inside.
  • the air lances have downwardly directed to the ground nozzles, which lie within the suction crown and above the lower end thereof and are protected by the outer suction crown.
  • the air lances thus end in front of the lower end of the crown to prevent the air lances regurgitation to the ground when the crown hits the ground.
  • the air currents directed towards the ground from the air lances impinge upon it from above outside the earth.
  • the air lances are controlled via a compressed air distributor in a clocked manner, so that either a constant or a pulsed air flow is generated, which emerges at high speed from the air nozzles.
  • the disadvantage of this arrangement is that, in order to achieve at least a reasonably satisfactory loosening effect of the soil, a high energy of the air flow at high speed is required, the speed of the air flow with leaving the nozzle increases in the supersonic range. For this purpose, high pressures and high velocities of the air streams are necessary. If the ground is very hard, the crown rises to the ground. The nozzles are then too far away from the soil to be sucked, so that the effect of the nozzle goes to zero, that is, the blowing power is ineffective despite supersonic.
  • the rotating with the rotating pipe compressed air flow is thus inflated above the crown at an angle of approximately 45 degrees relative to the cross-sectional plane of the crown on the soil or blown into the soil, whereby under rotation of the tube and cutting a compressed air flow, a core of in something the size or smaller of the clear cross section of the crown can be detached, which is sucked through the suction pipe.
  • This device is complicated because of the inter-rotating tubes, because, inter alia, the upper end of the air supply device must be sealingly rotatably connected to a compressor. Likewise, substantially the compressed air streams to the surface of the soil located within the crown, as far as the drilling suction tube has penetrated into the ground, directed.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a method of the type mentioned, with which the disadvantages of the prior art overcome and in particular high pressures and associated high energy consumption can be avoided.
  • the advantage of the method according to the invention is that the introduction of the compressed air takes place only within the soil in the same and indeed a few centimeters to fifteen centimeters within the soil below the crown.
  • a core of about the size or smaller of the clear cross section of the crown is pushed up and detached, especially when synchronous injection of multiple compressed air streams, so that this core can be sucked through the suction through the suction pipe.
  • This energy can be saved for the production of compressed air, because the generated compressed air flow or the compressed air streams must not be increased in the supersonic range.
  • a plurality of compressed air streams may be generated below the peripheral edge of the crown or in the region of the peripheral edge of the crown within the soil from the central axis of the crown, preferably synchronously, with the compressed air streams away from the central axis of the crown directed radially outward.
  • the compressed air flow in the form of a series of pulses within the soil is pressed into the same, wherein the pulse frequency of the compressed air flow is controlled or regulated by the hardness of the soil by means of a compressed air sensor.
  • the compressed air sensor measures the pressure of the compressed air flow within the soil, whereby in harder soil the pulse frequency increases, whereas with softer soil the pulse frequency is lowered.
  • a pneumatic suction tube for the pneumatic pickup of soil by the Dünnstromhabilit for suction devices, such as suction dredger, generating a suction air stream, arranged at the lower end facing the earth crown, wherein at the upper end of the suction tube, a suction hose is connected and with an air supply for Compressed air to the crown producing a compressed air stream which loosens the ground in the region of the crown is characterized in that the air supply device comprises at least one pointed tube which moves the crown downward in the direction parallel to the center axis of the suction tube and for penetrating into the ground and for blowing in a compressed air flow within of the earth in the same below the crown parallel to a cross-sectional plane of the same projects and is suitable for pushing up and detachment of a Erdkerns of about the size or smaller of the clear cross-section of the crown and the Absau the earth's core through the suction pipe.
  • the air supply device may be a single pointed tube extending along the center axis of the crown, which has at least one outlet opening for the compressed air directed radially outwards in the region of the lower end.
  • the air supply device may be a single pointed tube extending along the center axis of the crown, which has at least one outlet opening for the compressed air directed radially outwards in the region of the lower end.
  • three outlet openings are present, which are distributed by 120 degrees on the circumference of the spigot.
  • the air supply means comprises a plurality of circumferentially distributed around the crown spiked pipes, which the Crown down in the direction parallel to the center axis of the suction tube and which have in the region of their lower ends depending in the cross-sectional plane of the crown radially inwardly directed to the central axis outlet opening for the compressed air.
  • the air supply means comprises an air ring tube which is peripherally arranged around the crown and forms a compressed air tank into which a compressed air pipe opens, wherein the spiked pipes are arranged on the Beerringrohr down in the direction parallel to the central axis of the crown.
  • the air supply device is arranged within the compressed air pipe, a pressure sensor which measures the instantaneous pressure within the tailpipes and opens or closes depending on the measured pressure arranged on the compressed air pipe air valve.
  • the air supply means, the compressed air pipe is arranged vertically outside on the jacket of the suction tube, preferably perpendicular in the direction of a surface line.
  • the tailpipes may have a tip at their outermost lower end, wherein the diameter of the exit opening of the tailpipes is smaller than the diameter of the inlet opening.
  • the tailpipes may protrude down the crown by an amount between 8 to 15 cm.
  • the slots may extend peripherally around the suction tube, the length of the slots being significantly greater than the width of the slots, preferably in a length to width ratio such as 5: 1 to 20: 1.
  • the slots can be closed and opened as they can be adjustable in length and optionally width.
  • the suction tube is composed of several parts and consists essentially of the crown, a middle piece and a subsequent connecting ring.
  • the suction tube can be movably arranged in a guided manner and spring-loaded on a fixed upper part, on which a suction hose acts, wherein there is a deformable connecting bellows between the upper part and the suction tube.
  • the upper part is a connection sleeve, which is connected at its lower end to the Vietnamesesbalg and at its upper end with the outgoing Saugschlaüch.
  • On the suction tube can be arranged at its upper end a connecting ring, which in turn is connected at its upper end to the Vietnamesesbalg.
  • the upper part and the connecting ring at least each having a coincident tubular or sleeve-shaped guide through which a guide shaft is guided, which is mounted within the guide of the upper part and which is movably supported within the guide of the connecting ring and which is provided with an outside of the guide at the lower end thereof with a fuse for travel limitation of the guide shaft, wherein between the guide of the upper part and that of the connecting ring, a compression spring is arranged, which in the rest position in its largest longitudinal extent the upper part and the connecting ring at its maximum distance hold.
  • a contact device is arranged below the guide shaft, which is contactable by a predetermined spring travel and compression of the compression spring by the guide shaft and triggers a signal which in turn the air valve for Compressed air supply opens to the spigot pipes and the spiked pipes is able to supply a compressed air flow.
  • the upper part can have a quick coupling, by means of which the upper part is releasably connected to the suction tube.
  • the upper part for connection of the suction hose can be arranged three ears for receiving three guide shafts, as well as the upper part carries the air valve and a quick coupling for connecting the air pressure pipe to the compressed air supply.
  • the subject of the invention is the use of a pneumatic suction tube with a directed at the bottom, the earth end crown, wherein at the upper end of the suction tube, a suction hose is connected, and with an air supply for compressed air to the crown to produce a soil in the area the crown loosening compressed air flow, wherein the air supply means comprises at least one spike which projects beyond the crown in the direction parallel to the central axis of the suction tube and for penetrating into the soil and for blowing a compressed air flow within the soil in the same below the crown parallel to a cross-sectional plane thereof suitable for pushing up and down a core of about the size or smaller of the clear cross section of the crown and suction of the earth's core through the suction pipe for use with suction dredgers or suction devices for pneumatic picking up of soil the Dünnstromclar when generating a suction air stream.
  • the suction tube according to the invention can thus be retrofitted to existing suction dredgers or suction devices in most advantageous manner
  • Figures 1, 2 and 3 show a side view of a patented example of a suction tube 3 for a suction device, in particular a (not shown) suction dredger, with a suction pipe 24 at the upper end of the suction tube 3 and a arranged at the lower end of the suction tube 3 serrated crown 11.
  • a compressed air pipe 10 for supplying compressed air into an air ring tube 2 which is annular around the suction tube 3 around in the region of the crown 11 is arranged and serves as a compressed air reservoir.
  • pointed tubes 1 Arranged on the air ring tube 2 perpendicularly downwards, parallel to the central axis 30 of the suction tube 3, are pointed tubes 1, preferably three or more, the inside of the tube of which is connected to the volume of the air ring tube 2 via an inlet opening 31.
  • the tailpipes 1 project the crown 11 downwards towards the ground, preferably by a few centimeters up to 25 cm, depending on the density of the soil.
  • the normal of the plane of the outlet opening 32 is directed radially to the central axis 30 of the suction tube 3 and is perpendicular to this, so that the emerging from each tip tube 1 compressed air flow is also directed in the direction of the normal radial to the central axis 30 of the suction tube 3.
  • the diameter of the exit opening 31 of the tailpipes 1 is preferably smaller than the diameter of the inlet opening 32, which results in an increase in the speed of the exiting air, which improves the ability to loosen the earth.
  • the angle ⁇ of the tip 33 of the pointed tube 1 is preferably 30 °, as can be seen in FIG. 3, so that the pointed tubes 1 are well suited to penetrate into the soil.
  • FIG. 2 shows an enlargement of the figure 1 for the detailed illustration of the upper part of the suction tube 3 and the holder thereof.
  • a connection ring 4 is fixedly placed on the upper end of a bellows 27, for example, a rubber hose 27, is placed, which in turn comprises an upper part 5 in the form of a connecting sleeve 5 with its upper end; the bellows 27 is connected by means of hose clamps 16 at both ends firmly with the connection ring 4 and the connection sleeve 5; from the connection sleeve 5, the suction hose 24 leads to the suction dredger.
  • the compressed air pipe 10 is welded from the outside to the suction pipe 3.
  • FIG. 4 shows a section, which is perpendicular to the center axis 30 of the suction tube 3, through the suction tube 3 in the region of the lower end thereof above the air ring tube 2, namely along the section line AA in FIG. 3, for a top view of the air ring tube 2, with the access 29 of the airway shown in section Compressed air pipe 10 in the air ring tube 2.
  • the dashed lines downwardly facing ports 23 of the tailpipes 1 to the air ring tube 2.
  • the ports 23 for the tailpipes 1 are evenly distributed on the air ring tube and the arc length between two terminals corresponds to an angle of 120 ° and the access 29 of the compressed air tube 10 is located in the middle between two terminals 23rd
  • Figures 5 and 5a show on the one hand a view from below of the air ring tube 2 without suction perpendicular to the central axis thereof with the representation of one of the connection openings 23 within the Beerringrohres 2 at distant spikes, which are inserted into the connection openings 23 and on the other hand, a cross section in a horizontal Level of the Beerringrohres 2 of Figure 5, with access 29 of the air pressure pipe 10 in the air tube 2 and one of the connection openings 23 for one of the spigot tubes. It is also apparent that the air ring tube 2 has no inner wall. This is not necessary because the air ring tube 2 is welded to the crown 11 and at the lower end of the suction tube 3.
  • a guide is arranged, which serves to allow a predetermined relative movement of the connecting sleeve 5 and connecting ring 4 in the direction of the common center axis 30.
  • the guide preferably consists of three upper guide sleeves 7, for example in the form of perforated ears 7, which are arranged on the connecting sleeve 5 and three lower guide sleeves or sockets 19, for example GAR-MAX sockets or also in the form of perforated Ears 19, which are arranged on the connection ring 4.
  • the guide sleeves 7, 19 are opposite in the vertical direction along their coincident center axes.
  • the guide sleeves 7, 19 are arranged at equidistant intervals peripherally around the connection sleeve 5 and connection ring 4 around.
  • a guide shaft 6 is inserted in each case, which is anchored in each case in the upper guide sleeves 7.
  • a nut 39 is screwed.
  • the compression spring 39 presses on the one hand in its rest position, the connecting sleeve 5 and the connecting ring 4 far enough apart that the nut 39 abuts against the underside of the lower guide sleeve 19; On the other hand, the compressed compression spring 39 provides the maximum distance by which the guide shaft 6 can be compressed. Or on the guide shaft 6 is a spacer sleeve 8 is placed, which is shorter by a distance "s" than the maximum distance from the connecting sleeve 5 and connecting ring 4 from each other, so that the length of the spacer sleeve 8, the relative stroke between the connecting sleeve 5 and connecting ring 4 pretends.
  • a contact device 25 is arranged below one of the screwed onto the lower end of the guide shafts 6 nut 39.
  • the contact device 25 is then addressed by the downwardly projecting guide shaft 6 and outputs a control signal when the guide shaft 6 moves due to relative movement between the connection sleeve 5 and connection ring 4 down from the guide sleeve 19 during operation of the device while the mother 39, the contact device 25 triggers.
  • Figure 6 shows a plan view from above of Figure 1, omitting the suction hose, in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the suction tube on the upper part thereof, with a compressed air valve 28 with an integrated pressure sensor for supplying the compressed air pipe 10, the ears 7 for the guide shafts 6 of the suction tube 3, whereby screws 18 can also be seen, which pass through the ears 7 and the guide shafts 6 for holding the guide shafts 6 in the ears 7.
  • closures 26 can be seen for attaching the suction tube 3 to the suction hose 24 leading to the suction dredge.
  • FIG. 7 shows the compressed air tube 10 and the compressed air valve 28 from the view Y in FIG.
  • the compressed air streams are preferably pressed into the soil in pulsed fashion with a predefinable and controllable or controllable pulse frequency.
  • the compressed air valve 28 has a pressure sensor, which measures the instantaneous pressure within the compressed air pipe 10. In hard soil, so if the compressed air flow within the soil encounters an increased resistance and thereby increases the pressure, the pulse frequency of the compressed air flow is increased and vice versa lowered.
  • the suction tube 3 has in the region of its lower end directly above the crown 11 slots 14, which serve for supplying outside air into the suction tube 3, bypassing the opening of the crown 11 to produce a laminar flow on the inner wall of the suction tube 3, to keep them clean.
  • FIG. 8 shows a plan view of the upper part 4, the connecting ring 4, of the suction tube 3 with the ears 19 for the passage of the guide shafts 6. It can be seen that the ears 19 for the guide shafts 6 are arranged at equal intervals and welded to the connecting ring 4.
  • Figure 9 shows a side view of a lower part 34 of the suction tube 3 without crown 11; the suction tube 3 can be composed of several parts.
  • the cylindrical part 34 has at its lower end within its Edge cutouts 35, wherein preferably three such cutouts 35 are distributed at equidistant intervals around the peripheral circumference of the part 34, which is apparent from the figure 10.
  • the cutouts 35 extend in a cross-sectional plane of the part 34.
  • This air intake slots 14 provide a laminar flow within the suction tube 3 and form the opening of the crown 11 a bypass for the suction air.
  • this laminar flow prevents turbulence in the suction tube 3, as it equally effectively prevents the deposition of soil within the suction tube, so that the suction tube 3 can be kept clean by this simple measure. This in turn has the consequence that the suction power does not decrease because no turbulence and turbulence in the suction tube 3 are present.
  • FIG. 10 shows a cross section through the lower part 34 of the suction tube 3 perpendicular to the central axis 30 of the suction tube to show the position of the air intake slots 14.
  • FIGS. 11, 11a and 11b show various side views and a plan view of the attachment pad 35 of the air pressure valve 28.
  • Figure 12 shows a side view of one of the three guide shafts 6 with a partial section for guiding the connection ring 4 of the suction tube 3 to the connection sleeve 5 for holding the upwardly outgoing suction hose 24.
  • the transverse bore 37 for the passage of the screw 18 to the holder
  • the shaft 6 within the ear 7.
  • the object of the invention is industrially applicable to suction dredgers.
  • the usefulness of the invention is in particular that the introduction of the compressed air takes place only within the soil in the same, whereby a core of about the size or smaller of the clear cross section of the crown is pushed up and detached, so that this core by the suction flow through the Suction tube can be sucked.

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for pneumatically picking up soil for suction dredges, using a suction tube (3) having a crown (11) disposed at the lower end and an air supply device (10) for supplying pressurized air to the crown (11), thereby producing a pressurized air flow which loosens the soil in the area of the crown (11). The pressurized air flow below the crown (11) is blown into the soil in parallel to the cross-sectional plane of the crown (11), thereby detaching a soil core which has approximately the same size as the internal width of the crown (11) or smaller and which is sucked off through the suction tube (3). The invention also relates to a device for carrying out the inventive method which comprises at least one pointed tube (1) which projects beyond the crown (11) downward in the direction parallel to the center axis (30) of the suction tube (3). Said pointed tube is adapted for blowing a pressurized air flow into the soil below the crown (11) in parallel to a cross-sectional plane of the same for detaching a soil core and sucking the same off through the suction tube (3).

Description

Technisches Gebiet:Technical area:

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum pneumatischen Aufnehmen von Erdreich nach dem Dünnstromverfahren für Saugvorrichtungen, wie Saugbagger, mittels eines Saugluftstromes unter Verwendung eines pneumatischen Absaugrohres mit einer am unteren, zum Erdreich gerichteten Ende angeordneten Krone sowie einer Luftzuführeinrichtung für Druckluft zur Krone unter Erzeugung eines das Erdreich im Bereich der Krone lockernden Druckluftstromes, gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1. Des Weiteren betrifft die Erfindung ein pneumatisches Absaugrohr zur Durchführung des Verfahrens gemäß Anspruch 5 wie auch die Verwendung eines derartigen Absaugrohres gemäß Anspruch 26.The invention relates to a method for the pneumatic picking up of soil by the Dünnstromverfahren for suction devices, such as suction dredger, by means of a suction air stream using a pneumatic suction tube with a lower end directed to the ground crown and an air supply device for compressed air to the crown to create a soil in the region of the crown relaxing compressed air flow, according to the preamble of claim 1. Furthermore, the invention relates to a pneumatic suction tube for carrying out the method according to claim 5 as well as the use of such a suction tube according to claim 26.

Stand der Technik:State of the art:

Bei Arbeiten an erdverlegten Versorgungssystemen sowie zur Herstellung derselben werden für den Aushub des Erdreichs sogenannte pneumatische Saugbagger eingesetzt, welche nach dem Dünnstromverfahren arbeiten, dass heißt, die geförderte Massen sind im Verhältnis zum Transportmedium Luft mengenmäßig gering, wobei ein schnell fließender Luftstrom zum Transport des Erdreichs benutzt wird. Derartige Saugbagger besitzen an ihrem saugenden Ende einen Saugrüssel oder ein Absaugrohr, welches am unteren, den Erdreich zugewandten Ende eine Krone aufweist, welche gezackt ist und mit einem vorgegebenen Druck, zumindest unter dem Eigengewicht des Absaugrohres, für jeden Saugvorgang in das Erdreich getrieben wird.When working on buried supply systems and for producing the same so-called pneumatic suction dredgers are used for the excavation of the soil, which operate on the Dünnstromverfahren, that is, the conveyed masses in relation to the transport medium air quantitatively low, with a fast-flowing air flow to transport the soil is used. Such suction dredgers have at their sucking end a suction pipe or a suction tube, which at the bottom, the ground end has a crown which is serrated and is driven with a predetermined pressure, at least under the weight of the suction tube, for each suction into the ground.

Bei festen Böden, ist ein Auflockern des Erdreichs notwendig, um überhaupt eine ausreichende Saugleistung zu erzielen. Hierzu sind Blaslanzen bekannt, welche von einem auf dem Saugbagger installierten Kompressor mit Druckluft versorgt werden. Eine zweite Person, die dem Saugbagger vorangeht, bedient eine derartige Blaslanze und lockert den Boden dem Absaugrohr vorgehend auf, so dass beim Einsatz einer derartigen Blaslanze neben dem Baggerführer eine zweite Person eingesetzt werden muss.For solid soils, a loosening of the soil is necessary to even achieve a sufficient suction power. For this purpose, blow lances are known which are supplied by a compressor installed on the suction dredger with compressed air. A second person, who precedes the suction dredger, operates such a lance and loosens the soil in front of the suction pipe, so that when using such a lance next to the excavator operator a second person must be used.

Zur weiteren Automatisierung dieses Vorgangs ist durch die DE 29902561 U1 ein pneumatisches Aufbruchwerkzeug für Saugbagger bekannt geworden, welches auf die physikalischen Gegebenheiten eines Saugbaggers zugeschnitten ist und am Saugstutzen des Saugbaggers integriert ist.To further automate this process is through the DE 29902561 U1 a pneumatic breaking tool for suction dredger has become known, which is tailored to the physical conditions of a suction dredger and is integrated with the suction nozzle of the suction dredger.

Dazu verlaufen innerhalb des Absaugrohres Luftlanzenbatterien als pneumatische Lösevorrichtung, wobei mehrere Luftlanzen, welche über einen Druckverteiler gekoppelt sind, am Saugstutzen des Saugbaggers montiert sind, wobei die Luftlanze wahlweise innen oder außen angeordnet sind, vorzugsweise jedoch innen angeordnet sind. Die Luftlanzen weisen nach unten zum Erdreich gerichtete Düsen auf, welche innerhalb der Saugkrone und oberhalb des unteren Endes derselben liegen und durch die außenliegende Saugkrone geschützt sind. Die Luftlanzen enden somit vor dem unteren Ende der Krone, um ein Aufstoßen der Luftlanzen auf den Erdboden beim Auftreffen der Krone auf dem Erdboden zu verhindern. Die auf das Erdreich gerichteten Luftströme aus den Luftlanzen treffen von oben außerhalb des Erdreichs auf dasselbe auf. Die Luftlanzen werden über einen Druckluftverteiler in getakteter Weise angesteuert, so dass entweder ein konstanter oder auch ein gepulster Luftstrom erzeugt wird, der mit hoher Geschwindigkeit aus den Luftdüsen austritt. Der Nachteil dieser Anordnung besteht darin, dass, um eine wenigstens einigermaßen befriedigende Lockerungswirkung des Erdreichs zu erreichen, eine hohe Energie des Luftstromes mit hoher Geschwindigkeit benötigt wird, wobei die Geschwindigkeit des Luftstromes mit Verlassen der Düse sich in den Überschallbereich steigert. Hierzu sind hohe Drücke und hohe Geschwindigkeiten der Luftströme notwendig. Ist der Boden sehr hart, stellt sich die Krone auf das Erdreich auf. Die Düsen sind dann zu weit von dem zu saugenden Erdreich entfernt, so dass die Wirkung der Düsen gegen Null geht, dass heißt, die Blasleistung ist trotz Überschall wirkungslos. Zusätzlich treten durch die Luftströme der Luftlanzen Luftverwirbelungen innerhalb des Saugrohres auf, was einen Energieverlust der Saugleistung zur Folge hat. Ein weiterer entscheidender Nachteil besteht darin, dass der Saugstrom dem Blasstrom entgegenwirkt und ihn somit in seiner Wirkung wenigstens teilweise aufhebt.For this purpose, inside the suction tube air lance batteries run as a pneumatic release device, wherein a plurality of air lances, which are coupled via a pressure distributor, are mounted on the suction nozzle of the suction dredge, wherein the air lance are arranged either inside or outside, but preferably are arranged inside. The air lances have downwardly directed to the ground nozzles, which lie within the suction crown and above the lower end thereof and are protected by the outer suction crown. The air lances thus end in front of the lower end of the crown to prevent the air lances regurgitation to the ground when the crown hits the ground. The air currents directed towards the ground from the air lances impinge upon it from above outside the earth. The air lances are controlled via a compressed air distributor in a clocked manner, so that either a constant or a pulsed air flow is generated, which emerges at high speed from the air nozzles. The disadvantage of this arrangement is that, in order to achieve at least a reasonably satisfactory loosening effect of the soil, a high energy of the air flow at high speed is required, the speed of the air flow with leaving the nozzle increases in the supersonic range. For this purpose, high pressures and high velocities of the air streams are necessary. If the ground is very hard, the crown rises to the ground. The nozzles are then too far away from the soil to be sucked, so that the effect of the nozzle goes to zero, that is, the blowing power is ineffective despite supersonic. In addition, due to the air flows of the air lances, air turbulences occur within the suction pipe, which results in an energy loss of the suction power. Another decisive disadvantage is that the suction flow counteracts the blowing flow and thus at least partially eliminates it in its effect.

Durch die US 5535836A ist ein bohrendes Saugrohr bekannt geworden, welches für ein Verfahren zum pneumatischen Aufnehmen von Erdreich nach dem Dünnstromverfahren für Saugvorrichtungen mittels eines Saugluftstromes geeignet ist, unter Verwendung eines handgeführten, pneumatischen Absaugrohres aus zwei ineinander angeordneten Rohren, von denen das innere Rohr sich innerhalb des äußeren Rohres dreht. Das sich drehende Rohr, welches unter Erzeugung einer Kernbohrung gedreht werden kann, besitzt am unteren, zum Erdreich gerichteten Ende eine Krone. Ebenso besitzt dieses Rohr Luftzuführeinrichtungen zur Zuleitung von Druckluft zur Krone hin. Die Druckluftzuführungen enden innerhalb des Absaugrohres oberhalb der Krone und erzeugen einen das Erdreich direkt im Bereich der Krone schneidenden Druckluftstrom; ein weiterer Druckluftstrom, der in schräg Richtung hin zur Längsachse des Rohres gerichtet ist, dient zum Auflockern des aufgeschnittenen Erdreichs. Der sich mit dem drehenden Rohr drehende Druckluftstrom wird somit oberhalb der Krone unter einem Winkel von ca. 45 Grad relativ zur Querschnittsebene der Krone auf das Erdreich aufgeblasen bzw. in das Erdreich eingeblasen, wodurch unter Drehung des Rohres und Einschneiden des einen Druckluftstromes ein Erdkern von in etwas der Größe oder kleiner des lichten Querschnitts der Krone abgelöst werden kann, welcher durch das Saugrohr abgesaugt wird. Diese Vorrichtung ist aufgrund der sich ineinander drehenden Rohre kompliziert, weil u.a. das obere Ende der Luftzuführeinrichtung dichtend drehbar an einen Kompressor angeschlossen sein muss. Ebenso sind im Wesentlichen die Druckluftströme auf die Oberfläche des innerhalb der Krone befindlichen Erdreichs, soweit eben das bohrendes Saugrohr in das Erdreich eingedrungen ist, gerichtet.By the US 5535836A a drilling suction tube has become known, which is suitable for a method of pneumatically receiving soil by the Saugstromstrom Dünnstromverfahren by means of a Saugluftstromes, using a hand-held pneumatic suction tube of two nested tubes, of which the inner tube within the outer tube rotates. The rotating tube, which can be rotated to produce a core bore, has a crown at the lower, earth-facing end. Likewise, this tube has air supply for supplying compressed air to the crown out. The compressed air supply ends within the suction pipe above the crown and produce a compressed air stream which cuts the soil directly in the area of the crown; another stream of compressed air directed obliquely toward the longitudinal axis of the pipe serves to loosen the cut soil. The rotating with the rotating pipe compressed air flow is thus inflated above the crown at an angle of approximately 45 degrees relative to the cross-sectional plane of the crown on the soil or blown into the soil, whereby under rotation of the tube and cutting a compressed air flow, a core of in something the size or smaller of the clear cross section of the crown can be detached, which is sucked through the suction pipe. This device is complicated because of the inter-rotating tubes, because, inter alia, the upper end of the air supply device must be sealingly rotatably connected to a compressor. Likewise, substantially the compressed air streams to the surface of the soil located within the crown, as far as the drilling suction tube has penetrated into the ground, directed.

Technische Aufgabe:Technical task:

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren der eingangs genannten Gattung zu schaffen, mit welchem die Nachteile des Standes der Technik überwunden und insbesondere hohe Drücke und damit verbundener hoher Energieverbrauch vermieden werden.The invention has for its object to provide a method of the type mentioned, with which the disadvantages of the prior art overcome and in particular high pressures and associated high energy consumption can be avoided.

Offenbarung der Erfindung und deren Vorteile:

  • Die Lösung der Aufgabe besteht bei einem Verfahren der eingangs genannten Gattung darin, dass der Druckluftstrom unterhalb der Krone parallel zu einer Querschnittsebene der Krone innerhalb des Erdreichs in dasselbe eingeblasen wird, wodurch ein Erdkern von in etwa der Größe oder kleiner des lichten Querschnitts der Krone hoch gedrückt und abgelöst wird, welcher durch das Absaugrohr abgesaugt wird, so dass mit dem Hochdrücken und Ablösen des Erdkerns der umgelenkte Druckluftstrom und der Saugluftstrom innerhalb des Saugrohres gleichgerichtet sind. Dabei können mehrere Druckluftströme unterhalb des peripheren Randes der Krone oder im Bereich des unteren peripheren Randes der Krone innerhalb des Erdreiches erzeugt werden, vorzugsweise synchron, welche radial zur Mittelachse der Krone hingerichtet sind.
Disclosure of the invention and its advantages:
  • The solution of the problem consists in a method of the type mentioned is that the compressed air flow is injected below the crown parallel to a cross-sectional plane of the crown within the soil in the same, whereby a core of about the size or smaller of the clear cross-section of the crown high is pressed and detached, which is sucked through the suction tube, so that are rectified with the high pressures and detachment of the earth core of the deflected compressed air flow and the suction air flow within the suction pipe. In this case, a plurality of compressed air streams can be generated below the peripheral edge of the crown or in the region of the lower peripheral edge of the crown within the soil, preferably synchronously, which are executed radially to the central axis of the crown.

Der Vorteil des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens besteht darin, dass die Einbringung der Druckluft erst innerhalb des Erdreiches in dasselbe erfolgt und zwar einige Zentimeter bis fünfzehn Zentimeter innerhalb des Bodens unterhalb der Krone. Dadurch wird ein Erdkern von in etwa der Größe oder kleiner des lichten Querschnitts der Krone hochgedrückt und abgelöst, insbesondere beim synchronen Einschießen von mehreren Druckluftströmen, so dass dieser Erdkern durch den Saugstrom durch das Absaugrohr abgesaugt werden kann. Dadurch kann Energie für die Erzeugung der Druckluft eingespart werden, weil der erzeugte Druckluftstrom oder die Druckluftströme nicht mehr in den Überschallbereich gesteigert werden müssen.The advantage of the method according to the invention is that the introduction of the compressed air takes place only within the soil in the same and indeed a few centimeters to fifteen centimeters within the soil below the crown. As a result, a core of about the size or smaller of the clear cross section of the crown is pushed up and detached, especially when synchronous injection of multiple compressed air streams, so that this core can be sucked through the suction through the suction pipe. This energy can be saved for the production of compressed air, because the generated compressed air flow or the compressed air streams must not be increased in the supersonic range.

In einer weiteren erfindungsgemäßen Ausgestaltung des Verfahrens können mehrere Druckluftströme unterhalb des peripheren Randes der Krone oder im Bereich des peripheren Randes der Krone innerhalb des Erdreichs ausgehend von der Mittelachse der Krone erzeugt werden, und zwar vorzugsweise synchron, wobei die Druckluftströme von der Mittelachse der Krone weg radial nach außen gerichtet sind.In a further embodiment of the method according to the invention, a plurality of compressed air streams may be generated below the peripheral edge of the crown or in the region of the peripheral edge of the crown within the soil from the central axis of the crown, preferably synchronously, with the compressed air streams away from the central axis of the crown directed radially outward.

In weiterer Ausgestaltung des patentgemäßen Verfahrens wird der Druckluftstrom in Form einer Serie von Pulsen innerhalb des Erdreichs in dasselbe gedrückt, wobei die Pulsfrequenz des Druckluftstromes von der Härte des Erdreiches mittels eines Druckluftsensors gesteuert bzw. geregelt wird. Der Druckluftsensor misst den Druck des Druckluftstromes innerhalb des Erdreiches, wobei bei härterem Erdreich die Pulsfrequenz erhöht, hingegen bei weicherem Erdreich die Pulsfrequenz erniedrigt wird.In a further embodiment of the patent method, the compressed air flow in the form of a series of pulses within the soil is pressed into the same, wherein the pulse frequency of the compressed air flow is controlled or regulated by the hardness of the soil by means of a compressed air sensor. The compressed air sensor measures the pressure of the compressed air flow within the soil, whereby in harder soil the pulse frequency increases, whereas with softer soil the pulse frequency is lowered.

Ein patentgemäßes pneumatisches Absaugrohr zum pneumatischen Aufnehmen von Erdreich nach dem Dünnstromverfahren für Saugvorrichtungen, wie Saugbagger, bei Erzeugung eines Saugluftstromes, mit einer am unteren zum Erdreich gerichteten Ende angeordneten Krone, wobei an das obere Ende des Absaugrohres ein Saugschlauch anschließbar ist sowie mit einer Luftzuführeinrichtung für Druckluft zur Krone unter Erzeugung eines das Erdreich im Bereich der Krone lockernden Druckluftstromes ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Luftzuführeinrichtung wenigstens ein Spitzrohr umfasst, welches die Krone nach unten in Richtung parallel zur Mittelachse des Absaugrohres und zum Eindringen in das Erdreich und zum Einblasen eines Druckluftstromes innerhalb des Erdreiches in dasselbe unterhalb der Krone parallel zu einer Querschnittsebene derselben überragt und geeignet ist zum Hochdrücken und Ablösen eines Erdkerns von in etwa der Größe oder kleiner des lichten Querschnitts der Krone und dem Absaugen des Erdkerns durch das Absaugrohr.A pneumatic suction tube according to the patent for the pneumatic pickup of soil by the Dünnstromverfahren for suction devices, such as suction dredger, generating a suction air stream, arranged at the lower end facing the earth crown, wherein at the upper end of the suction tube, a suction hose is connected and with an air supply for Compressed air to the crown producing a compressed air stream which loosens the ground in the region of the crown is characterized in that the air supply device comprises at least one pointed tube which moves the crown downward in the direction parallel to the center axis of the suction tube and for penetrating into the ground and for blowing in a compressed air flow within of the earth in the same below the crown parallel to a cross-sectional plane of the same projects and is suitable for pushing up and detachment of a Erdkerns of about the size or smaller of the clear cross-section of the crown and the Absau the earth's core through the suction pipe.

In einer weiteren patentgemäßen Ausgestaltung der Erfindung kann die Luftzuführeinrichtung ein innerhalb längs der Mittelachse der Krone verlaufendes einziges Spitzrohr sein, welches im Bereich des unteren Endes mindestens eine in der Querschnittsebene der Krone radial nach außen gerichtete Austrittsöffnung für die Druckluft aufweist. Vorzugsweise sind drei Austrittsöffnungen vorhanden, die um je 120 Grad auf dem Umfang des Spitzrohres verteilt sind.In a further embodiment of the invention according to the invention, the air supply device may be a single pointed tube extending along the center axis of the crown, which has at least one outlet opening for the compressed air directed radially outwards in the region of the lower end. Preferably, three outlet openings are present, which are distributed by 120 degrees on the circumference of the spigot.

In einer weiteren erfindungsgemäßen Ausgestaltung umfasst die Luftzuführeinrichtung mehrere peripher um die Krone herum verteilte Spitzrohre, welche die Krone nach unten in Richtung parallel zur Mittelachse des Absaugrohres überragen und welche im Bereich ihrer unteren Enden je eine in der Querschnittsebene der Krone radial nach innen zur Mittelachse gerichtete Austrittsöffnung für die Druckluft aufweisen.In a further embodiment of the invention, the air supply means comprises a plurality of circumferentially distributed around the crown spiked pipes, which the Crown down in the direction parallel to the center axis of the suction tube and which have in the region of their lower ends depending in the cross-sectional plane of the crown radially inwardly directed to the central axis outlet opening for the compressed air.

In einer weiteren erfindungsgemäßen Ausgestaltung umfasst die Luftzuführeinrichtung ein Luftringrohr, welches peripher um die Krone herum angeordnet ist und einen Drucklufttank bildet, in welchen ein Druckluftrohr mündet, wobei an dem Luftringrohr nach unten in Richtung parallel zur Mittelachse der Krone die Spitzrohre angeordnet sind.In a further embodiment of the invention, the air supply means comprises an air ring tube which is peripherally arranged around the crown and forms a compressed air tank into which a compressed air pipe opens, wherein the spiked pipes are arranged on the Luftringrohr down in the direction parallel to the central axis of the crown.

In einer weiteren erfindungsgemäßen Ausgestaltung umfasst die Luftzuführeinrichtung ist innerhalb des Druckluftrohres ein Drucksensor angeordnet, welcher den augenblicklichen Druck innerhalb der Spitzrohre misst und in Abhängigkeit des gemessenen Druckes ein am Druckluftrohr angeordnetes Luftventil öffnet oder schließt.In a further embodiment of the invention, the air supply device is arranged within the compressed air pipe, a pressure sensor which measures the instantaneous pressure within the tailpipes and opens or closes depending on the measured pressure arranged on the compressed air pipe air valve.

In einer weiteren erfindungsgemäßen Ausgestaltung umfasst die Luftzuführeinrichtung ist das Druckluftrohr senkrecht außen auf dem Mantel des Absaugrohres angeordnet, vorzugsweise senkrecht in Richtung einer Mantellinie.In a further embodiment of the invention, the air supply means, the compressed air pipe is arranged vertically outside on the jacket of the suction tube, preferably perpendicular in the direction of a surface line.

Die Spitzrohre können an ihrem äußersten unteren Ende eine Spitze aufweisen, wobei der Durchmesser der Austrittsöffnung der Spitzrohre kleiner als der Durchmesser der Eintrittsöffnung ist. Vorzugsweise können die Spitzrohre die Krone nach unten um einen Betrag zwischen 8 bis 15 cm überragen.The tailpipes may have a tip at their outermost lower end, wherein the diameter of the exit opening of the tailpipes is smaller than the diameter of the inlet opening. Preferably, the tailpipes may protrude down the crown by an amount between 8 to 15 cm.

In weiterer erfindungsgemäßer Ausgestaltung weist das Absaugrohr oberhalb der Krone Schlitze auf zum Einströmen von Luft unter Umgehung der Kronenöffnung in Funktion eines Bypasses zur Sicherstellung einer laminaren Strömung im Absaugrohr. Die Schlitze können sich peripher um das Absaugrohr herum erstrecken, wobei die Länge der Schlitze erheblich größer als die Breite der Schlitze ist, vorzugsweise in einem Verhältnis von Länge zu Breite wie 5:1 bis 20:1.In a further embodiment according to the invention, the suction tube above the crown slots on the inflow of air, bypassing the crown opening in function of a bypass to ensure a laminar flow in the suction tube. The slots may extend peripherally around the suction tube, the length of the slots being significantly greater than the width of the slots, preferably in a length to width ratio such as 5: 1 to 20: 1.

Ebenso können die Schlitze verschließbar und öffenbar sein wie sie auch in ihrer Länge und gegebenenfalls Breite verstellbar sein können.Likewise, the slots can be closed and opened as they can be adjustable in length and optionally width.

In weiterer Ausgestaltung ist das Absaugrohr aus mehreren Teilen zusammengesetzt und besteht im Wesentlichen aus der Krone, einem Mittelstück sowie einem darauf folgenden Anschlussring. Vorteilhaft kann das Absaugrohr beweglich in geführter Weise und federbelastet an einem fest stehenden Oberteil angeordnet sein, an welchem ein Saugschlauch angreift, wobei sich zwischen Oberteil und Absaugrohr ein verformbarer Verbindungsbalg befindet.In a further embodiment, the suction tube is composed of several parts and consists essentially of the crown, a middle piece and a subsequent connecting ring. Advantageously, the suction tube can be movably arranged in a guided manner and spring-loaded on a fixed upper part, on which a suction hose acts, wherein there is a deformable connecting bellows between the upper part and the suction tube.

In einer weiteren erfindungsgemäßen Ausgestaltung ist das Oberteil eine Anschlusshülse, welche an ihrem unteren Ende mit dem Verbindungsbalg und an ihrem oberen Ende mit dem abgehenden Saugschlaüch verbunden ist. Auf dem Absaugrohr kann an seinem oberen Ende ein Anschlussring angeordnet sein, der seinerseits an seinem oberen Ende mit dem Verbindungsbalg verbunden ist.In a further embodiment of the invention, the upper part is a connection sleeve, which is connected at its lower end to the Verbindungsbalg and at its upper end with the outgoing Saugschlaüch. On the suction tube can be arranged at its upper end a connecting ring, which in turn is connected at its upper end to the Verbindungsbalg.

In einer weiteren erfindungsgemäßen Ausgestaltung weist das Oberteil und der Anschlussring wenigstens je eine miteinander koinzidierende rohr- oder hülsenförmige Führung auf, durch welche eine Führungswelle geführt ist, welche innerhalb der Führung des Oberteils befestigt ist und welche innerhalb der Führung des Anschlussringes beweglich gehaltert ist und welche mit einer außerhalb der Führung am unteren Ende derselben mit einer Sicherung zur Wegbegrenzung der Führungswelle versehen ist, wobei zwischen der Führung des Oberteils und derjenigen des Anschlussringes eine Druckfeder angeordnet ist, welche in Ruhestellung in ihrer größten Längenausdehnung das Oberteil und den Anschlussring auf ihren größtmöglichen Abstand halten.In a further embodiment of the invention, the upper part and the connecting ring at least each having a coincident tubular or sleeve-shaped guide through which a guide shaft is guided, which is mounted within the guide of the upper part and which is movably supported within the guide of the connecting ring and which is provided with an outside of the guide at the lower end thereof with a fuse for travel limitation of the guide shaft, wherein between the guide of the upper part and that of the connecting ring, a compression spring is arranged, which in the rest position in its largest longitudinal extent the upper part and the connecting ring at its maximum distance hold.

In einer weiteren erfindungsgemäßen Ausgestaltung ist unterhalb der Führungswelle eine Kontakteinrichtung angeordnet, welche bei einem vorgegebenen Federweg und Zusammenpressen der Druckfeder durch die Führungswelle kontaktierbar ist und ein Signal auslöst, welches seinerseits das Luftventil zur Druckluftzuführung zu den Spitzrohren öffnet und den Spitzrohren einen Druckluftstrom zuzuführen imstande ist.In a further embodiment of the invention, a contact device is arranged below the guide shaft, which is contactable by a predetermined spring travel and compression of the compression spring by the guide shaft and triggers a signal which in turn the air valve for Compressed air supply opens to the spigot pipes and the spiked pipes is able to supply a compressed air flow.

Des Weiteren kann das Oberteil eine Schnellkupplung aufweisen, mittels derselben das Oberteil mit dem Absaugrohr lösbar verbunden ist. In einer weiteren erfindungsgemäßen Ausgestaltung weist das Mittelstück des Absaugrohres an seinem unteren Ende Ausschnitte auf, welche dazu dienen beim Verbinden des Mittelstücks mit der Krone die Schlitze zu gestalten. Des Weiteren können an dem das Oberteil zum Anschluss des Saugschlauches drei Ohren zur Aufnahme von drei Führungswellen angeordnet sein, wie auch das Oberteil das Luftventil sowie eine Schnellkupplung zum Anschluss des Luftdruckrohres an die Druckluftzufuhr trägt.Furthermore, the upper part can have a quick coupling, by means of which the upper part is releasably connected to the suction tube. In a further embodiment of the invention, the center piece of the suction tube at its lower end cutouts, which serve to make the slots when connecting the center piece with the crown. Furthermore, on the upper part for connection of the suction hose can be arranged three ears for receiving three guide shafts, as well as the upper part carries the air valve and a quick coupling for connecting the air pressure pipe to the compressed air supply.

Des Weiteren ist Gegenstand der Erfindung die Verwendung eines pneumatischen Absaugrohres mit einer am unteren, zum Erdreich gerichteten Ende angeordneten Krone, wobei an das obere Ende des Absaugrohres ein Saugschlauch anschließbar ist, sowie mit einer Luftzuführeinrichtung für Druckluft zur Krone unter Erzeugung eines das Erdreich im Bereich der Krone lockernden Druckluftstromes, wobei die Luftzuführeinrichtung wenigstens ein Spitzrohr umfasst, welches die Krone nach unten in Richtung parallel zur Mittelachse des Absaugrohres überragt und zum Eindringen in das Erdreich und zum Einblasen eines Druckluftstromes innerhalb des Erdreichs in dasselbe unterhalb der Krone parallel zu einer Querschnittsebene derselben geeignet ist zum Hochdrücken und Ablösen eines Erdkerns von in etwa der Größe oder kleiner des lichten Querschnitts der Krone und Absaugen des Erdkerns durch das Absaugrohr zum Einsatz für Saugbagger oder Saugvorrichtungen zum pneumatischen Aufnehmen von Erdreich nach dem Dünnstromverfahren bei Erzeugung eines Saugluftstromes. Das erfindungsgemäße Absaugrohr kann somit in höchst vorteilhafter Weise auch an bestehende Saugbagger oder Saugvorrichtungen nachgerüstet werden, weil derartige Einrichtungen in aller Regel auch über einen Druckluftanschluss verfügen.Furthermore, the subject of the invention is the use of a pneumatic suction tube with a directed at the bottom, the earth end crown, wherein at the upper end of the suction tube, a suction hose is connected, and with an air supply for compressed air to the crown to produce a soil in the area the crown loosening compressed air flow, wherein the air supply means comprises at least one spike which projects beyond the crown in the direction parallel to the central axis of the suction tube and for penetrating into the soil and for blowing a compressed air flow within the soil in the same below the crown parallel to a cross-sectional plane thereof suitable for pushing up and down a core of about the size or smaller of the clear cross section of the crown and suction of the earth's core through the suction pipe for use with suction dredgers or suction devices for pneumatic picking up of soil the Dünnstromverfahren when generating a suction air stream. The suction tube according to the invention can thus be retrofitted to existing suction dredgers or suction devices in most advantageous manner, because such devices usually also have a compressed air connection.

Kurzbezeichnung der Zeichnung, in der zeigen :

Figur 1
eine Seitenansicht eines Absaugrohres eines Saugbaggers mit einem am oberen Ende angeordneten Saugschlauch und einer am unteren Ende des Absaugrohres angeordneten gezackten Krone, mit einem Druckluftrohr zum Zuführen von Druckluft und mit einem Luftringrohr, welches um das Absaugrohr herum angeordnet ist und aus dem Spitzrohre über das Druckluftohr mit Druckluft versorgt werden, um das Erdreich zu lockern, sowie mit Schlitzen innerhalb des Absaugrohres zur Zufuhr von Luft von außerhalb in das Saugrohr in Form eines Bypasses unter Umgehung der Krone
Figur 2
eine Vergrößerung aus der Figur 1 zur Darstellung der Anschlusshülse für den nach oben abgehenden Saugschlauch, des Anschlussringes für das Absaugrohr und des zwischen beiden angeordneten Verbindungsbalges sowie des innerhalb des Anschlussringes sitzenden Absaugrohrs
Figur 3
eine teilweise geschnittene und gegenüber der Figur 1 vergrößerte Seitenansicht des unteren Teiles des Absaugrohrs mit Druckluftrohr, Luftringrohr, der Krone sowie einem an dem Luftringrohr angeordneten Spitzrohr
Figur 4
einen zur Längsachse des Absaugrohres senkrechten Schnitt durch das Absaugrohr im Bereich des unteren Endes desselben oberhalb des Luftringrohres zur Draufsicht auf das Luftringrohr, mit im Schnitt dargestellten Zugang des Druckluftrohres in das Luftringrohr und den angedeuteten, nach unten weisende Anschlüssen der Spitzrohre an das Luftringrohr, nämlich entlang der Schnittlinie A-A in Figur 3
Figur 5
eine Ansicht von unten auf das Luftringrohr ohne Absaugrohr senkrecht zur Mittelachse desselben mit der Darstellung der Anschlüsse der im Schnitt gezeigten Spitzrohre
Figur 5a
einen Querschnitt in einer waagrechten Ebene des Luftringrohres der Figur 5, mit dem Zugang des Luftdruckrohres und einem Anschluss für ein Spitzrohr
Figur 6
eine Draufsicht auf die Figur 1 in Richtung der Längsachse des Absaugrohres auf den oberen Teil desselben unter Weglassung des Saugschlauches, mit einem Ventil zur Versorgung des Druckluftrohres, den Ohren für die Führungswellen des Absaugrohres und den Verschlüssen zum Befestigen des Absaugrohres an den zum Saugbagger führenden Saugschlauch
Figur 7
das Druckluftrohr geführt an der Außenwand des Absaugrohres mit Ventil in der Ansicht Y der Figur 3
Figur 8
eine Draufsicht auf das Oberteil 4, Anschlussring 4, des Absaugrohres mit den Ohren für die Führungswellen
Figur 9
eine Seitenansicht des mittleren Teils des Absaugrohres, mit Ausschnitten am unteren Ende des die Krone tragenden Absaugrohres sowie mit Luftansaugschlitzen für die von außen in das Absaugrohr strömende Luft in Form eines Bypasses unter Umgehung der Krone
Figur 10
einen Querschnitt durch den mittleren Teil des Absaugrohres senkrecht zu seiner Längsachse zur Darstellung der Lage der Luftansaugschlitze
Figuren 11a, 11b
11, verschiedene Seitenansichten und eine Draufsicht auf das Ventil am oberen Ende des Luftdruckrohres zur Steuerung der Druckluft innerhalb des Luftringrohres und
Figur 12
eine Seitenansicht einer der drei Führungswellen zur Führung des Anschlussringes des Absaugrohres an der Anschlusshülse des nach oben abgehenden Saugschlauches.
Short name of the drawing, in which show:
FIG. 1
a side view of a suction tube of a suction dredger with a suction hose arranged at the top and a serrated crown arranged at the lower end of the suction tube, with a compressed air pipe for supplying compressed air and with a Luftringrohr, which is arranged around the suction tube and out of the tailpipes via the compressed air pipe be supplied with compressed air to loosen the soil, and with slots in the suction pipe for supplying air from outside into the suction pipe in the form of a bypass, bypassing the crown
FIG. 2
an enlargement of Figure 1 showing the connecting sleeve for the upwardly outgoing suction hose, the connecting ring for the suction tube and arranged between the two Verbindungsbalges and sitting within the connecting ring suction tube
FIG. 3
a partially sectioned and compared to Figure 1 enlarged side view of the lower part of the suction tube with compressed air tube, air ring tube, the crown and a pipe arranged on the Luftringrohr pointed tube
FIG. 4
a section perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the suction tube through the suction tube in the region of the lower end of the same above the Luftringrohres for top view of the Luftringrohr, shown in section with access of the compressed air tube in the air ring tube and the indicated, downwardly pointing connections of the tailpipes to the air ring tube, namely along the section line AA in Figure 3
FIG. 5
a bottom view of the air tube without suction tube perpendicular to the central axis of the same with the representation of the connections of the pointed tubes shown in section
FIG. 5a
a cross-section in a horizontal plane of the Luftringrohres of Figure 5, with the access of the air pressure tube and a connection for a spike
FIG. 6
a plan view of the figure 1 in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the suction tube on the upper part thereof omitting the suction hose, with a valve for supplying the compressed air pipe, the ears for the guide shafts of the suction tube and the closures for attaching the suction tube to the suction dredger leading suction hose
FIG. 7
the compressed air pipe guided on the outer wall of the suction tube with valve in the view Y of Figure 3
FIG. 8
a plan view of the upper part 4, connecting ring 4, the suction tube with the ears for the guide shafts
FIG. 9
a side view of the central part of the suction tube, with cutouts at the lower end of the crown-carrying suction tube and with air intake slots for the air flowing from the outside into the suction pipe in the form of a bypass, bypassing the crown
FIG. 10
a cross section through the central part of the suction tube perpendicular to its longitudinal axis to illustrate the position of the air intake slots
Figures 11a, 11b
11, various side views and a plan view of the valve at the upper end of the air pressure pipe for controlling the compressed air within the Luftringrohres and
FIG. 12
a side view of one of the three guide shafts for guiding the connecting ring of the suction tube to the connecting sleeve of the upwardly outgoing suction hose.

Bevorzugte Ausführungsform der Erfindung:Preferred embodiment of the invention:

Die Figuren 1, 2 und 3 zeigen eine Seitenansicht eines patentgemäßen Beispiels eines Absaugrohres 3 für eine Saugvorrichtung, insbesondere einen (nicht gezeigten) Saugbagger, mit einem am oberen Ende vom Absaugrohr 3 abgehenden Saugschlauch 24 und einer am unteren Ende des Absaugrohres 3 angeordneten gezackten Krone 11. Auf dem äußeren Mantel des Absaugrohres 3 längs einer Mantellinie verläuft nach unten zur Krone 11 ein Druckluftrohr 10 zum Zuführen von Druckluft in ein Luftringrohr 2, welches ringförmig um das Absaugrohr 3 herum im Bereich der Krone 11 angeordnet ist und als Druckluftspeicher dient. An dem Luftringrohr 2 sind senkrecht nach unten parallel zur Mittelachse 30 des Absaugrohres 3 verlaufend Spitzrohre 1 angeordnet, vorzugsweise drei oder mehr, dessen Rohrinneres über eine Eintrittsöffnung 31 mit dem Volumen des Luftringrohres 2 in Verbindung steht. Die Spitzrohre 1 überragen die Krone 11 nach unten in Richtung zum Erdreich, und zwar vorzugsweise um wenige Zentimeter bis zu 25 cm, in zu wählender Abhängigkeit von der Dichte des Erdreichs. Die Spitzrohre 1, welche je eine äußerste Spitze 33 zum Einrammen in das Erdreich aufweisen, besitzen oberhalb der Spitze 33 eine Austrittsöffnung 32 für die Druckluft. Die Normale der Ebene der Austrittsöffnung 32 ist radial zur Mittelachse 30 des Absaugrohres 3 gerichtet und steht auf dieser senkrecht, so dass der aus jedem Spitzrohr 1 austretende Druckluftstrom ebenfalls in Richtung der Normale radial zur Mittelachse 30 des Absaugrohres 3 gerichtet ist.Figures 1, 2 and 3 show a side view of a patented example of a suction tube 3 for a suction device, in particular a (not shown) suction dredger, with a suction pipe 24 at the upper end of the suction tube 3 and a arranged at the lower end of the suction tube 3 serrated crown 11. On the outer shell of the suction tube 3 along a surface line down to the crown 11, a compressed air pipe 10 for supplying compressed air into an air ring tube 2, which is annular around the suction tube 3 around in the region of the crown 11 is arranged and serves as a compressed air reservoir. Arranged on the air ring tube 2 perpendicularly downwards, parallel to the central axis 30 of the suction tube 3, are pointed tubes 1, preferably three or more, the inside of the tube of which is connected to the volume of the air ring tube 2 via an inlet opening 31. The tailpipes 1 project the crown 11 downwards towards the ground, preferably by a few centimeters up to 25 cm, depending on the density of the soil. The pointed tubes 1, which each have an outermost tip 33 for driving into the ground, have an outlet opening 32 for the compressed air above the tip 33. The normal of the plane of the outlet opening 32 is directed radially to the central axis 30 of the suction tube 3 and is perpendicular to this, so that the emerging from each tip tube 1 compressed air flow is also directed in the direction of the normal radial to the central axis 30 of the suction tube 3.

In prinzipieller Funktion der Vorrichtung beim Betrieb derselben werden die Spitzrohre 1, welche ja die Krone 11 nach unten zum Erdreich hin überragen, beim Aufprall des Absaugrohres 3 und damit der Krone 11 auf dem Boden in das Erdreich getrieben, so dass die Austrittsöffnung 32 der Spitzrohre 1 für die Druckluft unterhalb der Bodenoberfläche im Erdreich sich befindet. Beim Zuschalten des Druckluftstromes wird derselbe unterhalb der Krone 11 parallel zu einer Querschnittsebene der Krone 11 innerhalb des Erdreichs in dasselbe eingeblasen, wodurch ein Erdkern von in etwa der Größe oder kleiner des lichten Querschnitts der Krone 11 hochgedrückt und abgelöst wird, welcher durch das Absaugrohr 3 abgesaugt wird.In principal operation of the device during operation of the spiked pipes 1, which indeed project beyond the crown 11 down to the ground, driven upon impact of the suction tube 3 and thus the crown 11 on the ground in the soil, so that the outlet opening 32 of the tailpipes 1 for the compressed air below the soil surface in the ground is located. When switching on the compressed air flow of the same is injected below the crown 11 parallel to a cross-sectional plane of the crown 11 within the soil in the same, whereby a core of about the size or smaller of the clear cross section of the crown 11 is pushed up and detached, which through the suction pipe. 3 is sucked off.

Durch die Tatsache, dass die Druckluft im Boden austritt, wird eine erheblich geringere Energiemenge und ein geringerer Luftmassestrom als beim Stand der Technik benötigt. Des Weiteren verhindert das Einschießen der Druckluft innerhalb des Bodens die Entstehung von Wirbel und Verwirbelungen innerhalb des Absaugrohres, was einen Verlust an Saugleistung bedeutet, so dass in der Krone 11 eine höhere Saugleistung zur Verfügung steht. Dabei hat sich gezeigt, dass nur drei Spitzrohre bzw. drei Druckluftströme innerhalb des Erdreichs notwendig sind, um einen Erdkern sicher abzulösen.Due to the fact that the compressed air exits in the ground, a considerably smaller amount of energy and a lower mass air flow is required than in the prior art. Furthermore, the injection of compressed air within the soil prevents the formation of vortex and turbulence within the suction tube, which means a loss of suction power, so that in the crown 11, a higher suction power is available. It has been shown that only three spiked pipes or three compressed air streams within the soil are necessary to safely detach a core.

Der Durchmesser der Austrittsöffnung 31 der Spitzrohre 1 ist bevorzugt kleiner als der Durchmesser der Eintrittsöffnung 32, was eine Vergrößerung der Geschwindigkeit der austretenden Luft zur Folge hat, wodurch die Fähigkeit zur Lockerung der Erde verbessert wird. Der Winkel α der Spitze 33 des Spitzrohres 1 beträgt vorzugsweise 30°, wie es der Figur 3 zu entnehmen ist, so dass die Spitzrohre 1 gut geeignet sind, um in das Erdreich einzudringen.The diameter of the exit opening 31 of the tailpipes 1 is preferably smaller than the diameter of the inlet opening 32, which results in an increase in the speed of the exiting air, which improves the ability to loosen the earth. The angle α of the tip 33 of the pointed tube 1 is preferably 30 °, as can be seen in FIG. 3, so that the pointed tubes 1 are well suited to penetrate into the soil.

Figur 2 zeigt eine Vergrößerung aus der Figur 1 zur detaillierten Darstellung des oberen Teils des Absaugrohres 3 sowie der Halterung desselben. Auf das Absaugrohr 3 ist ein Anschlussring 4 fest aufgesetzt, auf dessen oberes Ende ein Balg 27, zum Beispiel ein Gummischlauch 27, aufgesetzt ist, welcher seinerseits mit seinem oberen Ende ein Oberteil 5 in Form einer Anschlusshülse 5 umfasst; der Balg 27 ist mittels Schlauchschellen 16 beidendig fest mit dem Anschlussring 4 und der Anschlusshülse 5 verbunden; von der Anschlusshülse 5 führt der Saugschlauch 24 zum Saugbagger. Das Druckluftrohr 10 ist von außen am Absaugrohr 3 angeschweißt.Figure 2 shows an enlargement of the figure 1 for the detailed illustration of the upper part of the suction tube 3 and the holder thereof. On the suction pipe 3, a connection ring 4 is fixedly placed on the upper end of a bellows 27, for example, a rubber hose 27, is placed, which in turn comprises an upper part 5 in the form of a connecting sleeve 5 with its upper end; the bellows 27 is connected by means of hose clamps 16 at both ends firmly with the connection ring 4 and the connection sleeve 5; from the connection sleeve 5, the suction hose 24 leads to the suction dredger. The compressed air pipe 10 is welded from the outside to the suction pipe 3.

Figur 4 zeigt einen zur Mittelachse 30 des Absaugrohres 3 senkrechten Schnitt durch das Absaugrohr 3 im Bereich des unteren Endes desselben oberhalb des Luftringrohres 2, nämlich entlang der Schnittlinie A-A in Figur 3, zur Draufsicht auf das Luftringrohr 2, mit im Schnitt dargestellten Zugang 29 des Druckluftrohres 10 in das Luftringrohr 2. Ebenso sind daraus die gestrichelt angedeuteten, nach unten weisenden Anschlüsse 23 der Spitzrohre 1 an das Luftringrohr 2 zu entnehmen. Es sind somit der Zugang 29 des Druckluftrohres 3 sowie die Anschlüsse 23 für die Spitzrohre 1 ersichtlich. Die Anschlüsse 23 für die Spitzrohre 1 sind gleichmäßig auf den Luftringrohr verteilt und die Bogenlänge zwischen zwei Anschlüssen entspricht einem Winkel von 120° und der Zugang 29 des Druckluftrohres 10 liegt in der Mitte zwischen zwei Anschlüsse 23.FIG. 4 shows a section, which is perpendicular to the center axis 30 of the suction tube 3, through the suction tube 3 in the region of the lower end thereof above the air ring tube 2, namely along the section line AA in FIG. 3, for a top view of the air ring tube 2, with the access 29 of the airway shown in section Compressed air pipe 10 in the air ring tube 2. Similarly, it can be seen from the dashed lines, downwardly facing ports 23 of the tailpipes 1 to the air ring tube 2. There are thus the access 29 of the compressed air pipe 3 and the connections 23 for the tailpipes 1 can be seen. The ports 23 for the tailpipes 1 are evenly distributed on the air ring tube and the arc length between two terminals corresponds to an angle of 120 ° and the access 29 of the compressed air tube 10 is located in the middle between two terminals 23rd

Die Figuren 5 und 5a zeigen einerseits eine Ansicht von unten auf das Luftringrohr 2 ohne Absaugrohr senkrecht zur Mittelachse desselben mit der Darstellung einer der Anschlussöffnungen 23 innerhalb des Luftringrohres 2 bei entfernten Spitzrohren, welche in die Anschlussöffnungen 23 gesteckt werden und andererseits einen Querschnitt in einer waagrechten Ebene des Luftringrohres 2 der Figur 5, mit Zugang 29 des Luftdruckrohres 10 in das Luftringrohr 2 und einer der Anschlussöffnungen 23 für eines der Spitzrohre. Ersichtlich ist auch, dass das Luftringrohr 2 keine Innenwand hat. Diese ist nicht nötig, weil das Luftringrohr 2 an der Krone 11 bzw. am unteren Ende des Absaugrohr 3 angeschweißt ist.Figures 5 and 5a show on the one hand a view from below of the air ring tube 2 without suction perpendicular to the central axis thereof with the representation of one of the connection openings 23 within the Luftringrohres 2 at distant spikes, which are inserted into the connection openings 23 and on the other hand, a cross section in a horizontal Level of the Luftringrohres 2 of Figure 5, with access 29 of the air pressure pipe 10 in the air tube 2 and one of the connection openings 23 for one of the spigot tubes. It is also apparent that the air ring tube 2 has no inner wall. This is not necessary because the air ring tube 2 is welded to the crown 11 and at the lower end of the suction tube 3.

Sowohl an der Anschlusshülse 5 als auch am Anschlussring 4 ist eine Führung angeordnet, welche dazu dient, eine vorgegebenen Relativbewegung von Anschlusshülse 5 und Anschlussring 4 in Richtung von deren gemeinsamer Mittelachse 30 zu ermöglichen. Die Führung besteht vorzugsweise jeweils aus drei oberen Führungshülsen 7, zum Beispiel in Form von gelochten Ohren 7, welche an der Anschlusshülse 5 angeordnet sind sowie aus drei unteren Führungshülsen oder -buchsen 19, zum Beispiel GAR-MAX-Buchsen oder ebenfalls in Form von gelochten Ohren 19, welche an dem Anschlussring 4 angeordnet sind. Die Führungshülsen 7, 19 stehen sich in senkrechter Richtung längs ihrer zusammenfallenden Mittelachsen gegenüber. Vorzugsweise sind die Führungshülsen 7, 19 in äquidistanten Abständen peripher um Anschlusshülse 5 und Anschlussring 4 herum angeordnet. Durch die sich gegenüberliegenden Führungshülsen 7, 19 ist je eine Führungswelle 6 gesteckt, welche jeweils in den oberen Führungshülsen 7 verankert ist. Auf das untere Ende der Führungswelle 6, welches jeweils aus der unteren Führungshülse 19 herausragt und welches ein Gewinde aufweist, ist eine Mutter 39 aufgeschraubt. Zwischen den oberen und unteren Führungshülsen 7, 19 ist je eine Druckfeder 39 oder ein Gummipuffer angeordnet. Die Druckfeder 39 drückt einerseits in ihrer Ruhestellung die Anschlusshülse 5 und den Anschlussring 4 soweit auseinander, dass die Mutter 39 an der Unterseite der unteren Führungshülse 19 anschlägt; andererseits gibt die zusammengepresste Druckfeder 39 den maximalen Weg vor, um den die Führungswelle 6 zusammengepresst werden kann. Oder auf der Führungswelle 6 ist eine Distanzhülse 8 aufgesetzt, welche um eine Strecke "s" kürzer ist als der maximale Abstand von Anschlusshülse 5 und Anschlussring 4 voneinander, so dass die Länge der Distanzhülse 8 den relativen Hub zwischen Anschlusshülse 5 und Anschlussring 4 vorgibt.Both on the connecting sleeve 5 and on the connecting ring 4, a guide is arranged, which serves to allow a predetermined relative movement of the connecting sleeve 5 and connecting ring 4 in the direction of the common center axis 30. The guide preferably consists of three upper guide sleeves 7, for example in the form of perforated ears 7, which are arranged on the connecting sleeve 5 and three lower guide sleeves or sockets 19, for example GAR-MAX sockets or also in the form of perforated Ears 19, which are arranged on the connection ring 4. The guide sleeves 7, 19 are opposite in the vertical direction along their coincident center axes. Preferably, the guide sleeves 7, 19 are arranged at equidistant intervals peripherally around the connection sleeve 5 and connection ring 4 around. Through the opposite guide sleeves 7, 19, a guide shaft 6 is inserted in each case, which is anchored in each case in the upper guide sleeves 7. On the lower end of the guide shaft 6, which protrudes respectively from the lower guide sleeve 19 and which has a thread, a nut 39 is screwed. Between the upper and lower guide sleeves 7, 19 each have a compression spring 39 or a rubber buffer is arranged. The compression spring 39 presses on the one hand in its rest position, the connecting sleeve 5 and the connecting ring 4 far enough apart that the nut 39 abuts against the underside of the lower guide sleeve 19; On the other hand, the compressed compression spring 39 provides the maximum distance by which the guide shaft 6 can be compressed. Or on the guide shaft 6 is a spacer sleeve 8 is placed, which is shorter by a distance "s" than the maximum distance from the connecting sleeve 5 and connecting ring 4 from each other, so that the length of the spacer sleeve 8, the relative stroke between the connecting sleeve 5 and connecting ring 4 pretends.

Unterhalb einer der auf das untere Ende einer der Führungswellen 6 aufgeschraubten Mutter 39 ist eine Kontakteinrichtung 25 angeordnet. Die Kontakteinrichtung 25 wird dann durch die nach unten stoßende Führungswelle 6 angesprochen und gibt ein Steuersignal ab, wenn während des Arbeitens der Vorrichtung die Führungswelle 6 aufgrund Relativbewegung zwischen Anschlusshülse 5 und Anschlussring 4 nach unten aus der Führungshülse 19 fährt und dabei die Mutter 39 die Kontakteinrichtung 25 auslöst.Below one of the screwed onto the lower end of the guide shafts 6 nut 39, a contact device 25 is arranged. The contact device 25 is then addressed by the downwardly projecting guide shaft 6 and outputs a control signal when the guide shaft 6 moves due to relative movement between the connection sleeve 5 and connection ring 4 down from the guide sleeve 19 during operation of the device while the mother 39, the contact device 25 triggers.

Die Figur 6 zeigt eine Draufsicht von oben auf die Figur 1, unter Weglassung des Saugschlauches, in Richtung der Längsachse des Absaugrohres auf den oberen Teil desselben, mit einem Druckluftventil 28 mit einem integrierten Drucksensor zur Versorgung des Druckluftrohres 10, den Ohren 7 für die Führungswellen 6 des Absaugrohres 3, wobei auch Schrauben 18 zu sehen sind, welche die Ohren 7 und die Führungswellen 6 durchsetzen zur Halterung der Führungswellen 6 in den Ohren 7. Ebenso sind Verschlüsse 26 erkennbar zum Befestigen des Absaugrohres 3 an den zum Saugbagger führenden Saugschlauch 24. Die Figur 7 zeigt das Druckluftrohr 10 sowie das Druckluftventil 28 aus der Ansicht Y in Figur 6, wobei das Absaugrohr 3 an der äußeren Mantelwand des Absaugrohres 3 nach unten zur Krone 11 und dem Luftringrohres 2 geführt ist. Ersichtlich sind aus dieser Figur auch ein Teil des Anschlussringes 4 des Absaugrohres 3 sowie eine Schnellkupplung 21 zum Anschluss des Druckluftrohres 10 bzw. des Druckluftventils 28 an eine externe Druckluftzuführung, eine Schraube 22, ein Spannteil 13 und eine Unterlage 12 für die Befestigung des Druckluftventils 28.Figure 6 shows a plan view from above of Figure 1, omitting the suction hose, in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the suction tube on the upper part thereof, with a compressed air valve 28 with an integrated pressure sensor for supplying the compressed air pipe 10, the ears 7 for the guide shafts 6 of the suction tube 3, whereby screws 18 can also be seen, which pass through the ears 7 and the guide shafts 6 for holding the guide shafts 6 in the ears 7. Likewise, closures 26 can be seen for attaching the suction tube 3 to the suction hose 24 leading to the suction dredge. FIG. 7 shows the compressed air tube 10 and the compressed air valve 28 from the view Y in FIG. 6, the suction tube 3 being guided downwards on the outer jacket wall of the suction tube 3 to the crown 11 and the air ring tube 2. A part of the connecting ring 4 of the suction tube 3 and a quick coupling 21 for connecting the compressed air tube 10 and the compressed air valve 28 to an external compressed air supply, a screw 22, a clamping part 13 and a base 12 for the attachment of the compressed air valve 28 are apparent from this figure ,

Das Aufsetzen des Absaugrohres 3 mitsamt den Spitzrohren 1 auf dem Erdreich bewirkt eine Relativbewegung zwischen dem Absaugrohr 3 und dem Oberteil 5 und zwar ein Zusammenpressen der beiden Teile 3 und 5 um den freien Abstand s der Distanzhülse 8 von der Unterseite der oberen Führungshülse 7. Dadurch fährt die Führungswelle 6 um diesen Abstand s aus der Führung 19 heraus, bis die Mutter 39 auf die Kontakteinrichtung 25 auftrifft und diese auslöst. Das Signal der Kontakteinrichtung 25 steuert das Druckluftventil 28 an, welches dadurch öffnet, so dass Druckluft durch das Druckluftrohr 10 in das Luftringrohr 2 und von dort aus den Spitzrohren 1 in das Erdreich gepresst wird. Sobald die Mutter 39 sich aufgrund der Federkraft der Druckfeder 39 wieder von der Kontakteinrichtung löst, fällt dieselbe ab und das Druckluftventil 28 wird geschlossen.The placement of the suction tube 3 together with the spigots 1 on the ground causes a relative movement between the suction tube 3 and the upper part 5 and that a compression of the two parts 3 and 5 by the free distance As a result, the guide shaft 6 moves out of the guide 19 by this distance s until the nut 39 strikes the contact device 25 and triggers it. The signal of the contact device 25 controls the compressed air valve 28, which thereby opens, so that compressed air is forced through the compressed air pipe 10 into the air ring tube 2 and from there out of the tailpipes 1 into the soil. As soon as the nut 39 is released again from the contact device due to the spring force of the compression spring 39, it falls off and the compressed-air valve 28 is closed.

Die Druckluftströme werden vorzugsweise pulsförmig mit einer vorgebbaren und steuerbaren bzw. regelbaren Pulsfrequenz in das Erdreich gepresst. Dazu besitzt das Druckluftventil 28 einen Drucksensor, welcher den momentanen Druck innerhalb des Druckluftrohres 10 misst. Bei hartem Erdreich, wenn also der Druckluftstrom innerhalb des Erdreichs auf einen erhöhten Widerstand trifft und dadurch der Druck ansteigt, wird die Pulsfrequenz des Druckluftstromes erhöht und umgekehrt erniedrigt.The compressed air streams are preferably pressed into the soil in pulsed fashion with a predefinable and controllable or controllable pulse frequency. For this purpose, the compressed air valve 28 has a pressure sensor, which measures the instantaneous pressure within the compressed air pipe 10. In hard soil, so if the compressed air flow within the soil encounters an increased resistance and thereby increases the pressure, the pulse frequency of the compressed air flow is increased and vice versa lowered.

Aus den Figuren 1, 9 und 10 ist eine weitere Besonderheit der Vorrichtung zu entnehmen. Das Absaugrohr 3 weist im Bereich seines unteren Endes direkt oberhalb der Krone 11 Schlitze 14 auf, welche zur Zuführung von Außenluft in das Absaugrohr 3 unter Umgehung der Öffnung der Krone 11 dienen, um eine laminare Strömung an der inneren Wand des Absaugrohres 3 zu erzeugen, um diese dadurch sauber zu halten.From Figures 1, 9 and 10, a further feature of the device can be seen. The suction tube 3 has in the region of its lower end directly above the crown 11 slots 14, which serve for supplying outside air into the suction tube 3, bypassing the opening of the crown 11 to produce a laminar flow on the inner wall of the suction tube 3, to keep them clean.

Die Figur 8 zeigt eine Draufsicht auf das Oberteil 4, der Anschlussring 4, des Absaugrohres 3 mit den Ohren 19 für den Durchgang der Führungswellen 6. Ersichtlich sind die Ohren 19 für die Führungswellen 6 in gleichen Abständen angeordnet und am Anschlussring 4 angeschweißt.FIG. 8 shows a plan view of the upper part 4, the connecting ring 4, of the suction tube 3 with the ears 19 for the passage of the guide shafts 6. It can be seen that the ears 19 for the guide shafts 6 are arranged at equal intervals and welded to the connecting ring 4.

Figur 9 zeigt eine Seitenansicht eines unteren Teils 34 des Absaugrohres 3 ohne Krone 11; das Absaugrohr 3 kann sich aus mehreren Teilen zusammensetzen. Das zylinderförmige Teil 34 weist an seinem unteren Ende innerhalb seines Randes Ausschnitte 35 auf, wobei vorzugsweise drei derartige Ausschnitte 35 in äquidistanten Abständen um den peripheren Umfang des Teils 34 verteilt sind, was aus der Figur 10 ersichtlich ist. Die Ausschnitte 35 verlaufen in einer Querschnittsebene des Teils 34. Beim Aufschweißen der Krone 11 auf das untere Teil 34 kann durch ein mehr oder weniger tiefes Aufsetzen der Krone 11 auf den unteren Teil die Höhe der verbleibenden Luftansaugschlitze 14 gemäß der Figur 1 vorgewählt werden. Diese Luftansaugschlitze 14 sorgen für eine laminare Strömung innerhalb des Absaugrohres 3 und bilden zur Öffnung der Krone 11 einen Bypass für die Saugluft. Diese laminare Strömung verhindert zum einen Turbulenzen im Absaugrohr 3 wie es gleichermaßen die Ablagerung von Erdreich innerhalb des Absaugrohres wirkungsvoll verhindert, so dass durch diese einfache Maßnahme das Absaugrohr 3 sauber gehalten werden kann. Das wiederum hat zur Folge, dass die Saugleistung nicht abnimmt, weil keine Verwirbelungen und Turbulenzen im Absaugrohr 3 vorhanden sind.Figure 9 shows a side view of a lower part 34 of the suction tube 3 without crown 11; the suction tube 3 can be composed of several parts. The cylindrical part 34 has at its lower end within its Edge cutouts 35, wherein preferably three such cutouts 35 are distributed at equidistant intervals around the peripheral circumference of the part 34, which is apparent from the figure 10. The cutouts 35 extend in a cross-sectional plane of the part 34. When the crown 11 is welded onto the lower part 34, the height of the remaining air suction slots 14 according to FIG. 1 can be preselected by a more or less deep placement of the crown 11 on the lower part. This air intake slots 14 provide a laminar flow within the suction tube 3 and form the opening of the crown 11 a bypass for the suction air. On the one hand, this laminar flow prevents turbulence in the suction tube 3, as it equally effectively prevents the deposition of soil within the suction tube, so that the suction tube 3 can be kept clean by this simple measure. This in turn has the consequence that the suction power does not decrease because no turbulence and turbulence in the suction tube 3 are present.

Figur 10 zeigt einen Querschnitt durch den unteren Teil 34 des Absaugrohres 3 senkrecht zur Mittelachse 30 des Absaugrohres zur Darstellung der Lage der Luftansaugschlitze 14.FIG. 10 shows a cross section through the lower part 34 of the suction tube 3 perpendicular to the central axis 30 of the suction tube to show the position of the air intake slots 14.

In den Figuren 11, 11a und 11b sind verschiedene Seitenansichten und eine Draufsicht auf die Befestigungsunterlage 35 des Luftdruckventils 28 gezeigt.FIGS. 11, 11a and 11b show various side views and a plan view of the attachment pad 35 of the air pressure valve 28.

Figur 12 zeigt eine Seitenansicht einer der drei Führungswellen 6 mit einem Teilschnitt zur Führung des Anschlussringes 4 des Absaugrohres 3 an der Anschlusshülse 5 zur Halterung des nach oben abgehenden Saugschlauches 24. Ersichtlich innerhalb des Teilschnittes sind die Querbohrung 37 für den Durchgang der Schraube 18 zur Halterung der Welle 6 innerhalb des Ohres 7. Ebenso ersichtlich ist aus der Figur 12 das untere Ende 38 der Führungswelle 6, an welchem die Führungswelle 6 unterhalb des Ohres 19 des Anschlussrings 4 unter Zwischenlage einer Sonderscheibe 9 mittels der Mutter 39 befestigt wird.Figure 12 shows a side view of one of the three guide shafts 6 with a partial section for guiding the connection ring 4 of the suction tube 3 to the connection sleeve 5 for holding the upwardly outgoing suction hose 24. As can be seen within the partial section, the transverse bore 37 for the passage of the screw 18 to the holder The shaft 6 within the ear 7. Also visible from the figure 12, the lower end 38 of the guide shaft 6, to which the guide shaft 6 is secured below the ear 19 of the connecting ring 4 with the interposition of a special disc 9 by means of the nut 39.

Gewerbliche Anwendbarkeit:Industrial Applicability:

Der Gegenstand der Erfindung ist bei Saugbaggern gewerblich anwendbar. Die Nützlichkeit der Erfindung besteht insbesondere darin, dass das Einbringen der Druckluft erst innerhalb des Erdreiches in dasselbe erfolgt, wodurch ein Erdkern von in etwa der Größe oder kleiner des lichten Querschnitts der Krone hochgedrückt und abgelöst wird, so dass dieser Erdkern durch den Saugstrom durch das Absaugrohr abgesaugt werden kann.The object of the invention is industrially applicable to suction dredgers. The usefulness of the invention is in particular that the introduction of the compressed air takes place only within the soil in the same, whereby a core of about the size or smaller of the clear cross section of the crown is pushed up and detached, so that this core by the suction flow through the Suction tube can be sucked.

Liste der Bezugszeichen:List of reference numbers:

11
SpitzrohrSpitz tube
22
LuftringrohrAir ring pipe
33
Absaugrohrsuction tube
44
AnschlussringAttachment ring
55
Anschlusshülseconnecting sleeve
66
Führungswelleguide shaft
77
Ohrear
88th
DistanzhülseStand Off
99
Sonderscheibespecial disc
1010
DruckluftrohrPneumatic tubes
1111
KroneCrown
1212
Unterlagedocument
1313
Spannteiltensioning part
1414
Schlitzeslots
1515
Zylinderschraubecylinder head screw
1616
Schlauchschellehose clamp
1717
Muttermother
1818
Schraubescrew
1919
Buchse, wie GAR-MAX-BuchseSocket, like GAR-MAX socket
2020
SechskantmutterHex nut
2121
Schnellkupplungquick coupling
2222
Schraubescrew
2323
Anschlüsse für die SpitzrohreConnections for the pointed pipes
2424
Saugschlauchsuction
2525
Kontakteinrichtungcontactor
2626
exzentrischer Verschlusseccentric closure
2727
Gummischlauchrubber tube
2828
DruckluftventilAir Valve
2929
Zugang des Luftdruckrohres zum LuftringrohrAccess of the air pressure tube to the air ring tube
3030
Mittelachse des AbsaugrohresCenter axis of the suction tube
3131
Eintrittsöffnung der Druckluft in das SpitzrohrInlet opening of the compressed air into the spigot
3232
Austrittsöffnung der Druckluft aus dem SpitzrohrOutlet opening of the compressed air from the spigot
3333
Spitze des SpitzrohresTip of the pointed tube
3434
unterer Teil des Absaugrohreslower part of the suction tube
3535
Ausschnitt am unteren Teil des AbsaugrohresCutout at the bottom of the suction tube
3636
Befestigungsunterlage des LuftventilsMounting pad of the air valve
3737
Querbohrungcross hole
3838
unteres Ende der Führungswellelower end of the guide shaft
3939
Druckfedercompression spring

Claims (26)

  1. A method for pneumatically picking up soil according to the thin-stream method for suction devices such as suction dredges, by means of a suction air stream using a pneumatic extraction pipe (3) with a crown (11) arranged at the lower end facing the soil as well as with an air feed device (10) for compressed air to the crown (11), generating a compressed air stream that loosens up the soil in the area of the crown (11),
    characterized in that the compressed air stream is blown into the soil below the crown (11) parallel to a cross sectional plane of the crown (11) in the soil, as a result of which a soil core that is approximately the size of or smaller than the clearance cross section of the crown (11) is pushed up and separated, said soil core is extracted by the extraction pipe (3) so that, when the soil core is pushed up and separated, the deflected compressed air stream and the suction air stream are aligned inside the extraction pipe (3).
  2. The method according to Claim 1, characterized in that several compressed air streams are generated below the peripheral edge of the crown (11) or in the area of the lower peripheral edge of the crown (11) in the soil, preferably synchronously, said streams being oriented radially with respect to the middle axis (30) of the crown (11).
  3. The method according to Claim 1, characterized in that several compressed air streams are generated below the peripheral edge of the crown (11) or in the area of the lower peripheral edge of the crown (11) in the soil, preferably synchronously, said streams being oriented radially towards the outside starting from the middle axis (30) of the crown (11).
  4. The method according to Claim 1 or 2 or 3, characterized in that the compressed air stream is forced into the soil in the form of a series of pulses in the soil, whereby the pulse frequency of the compressed air stream is controlled or regulated as a function of the hardness of the soil by means of a compressed air sensor, namely, the pulse frequency is increased when the soil is harder, whereas it is decreased when the soil is softer.
  5. A pneumatic extraction pipe (3) for pneumatically picking up soil according to the thin-stream method, for suction devices such as suction dredges, generating a suction air stream, having a crown (11) arranged at the lower end facing the soil, whereby a suction tube (24) can be connected to the upper end of the extraction pipe (3), as well as having an air feed device (10) for compressed air to the crown (11), generating a compressed air stream that loosens up the soil in the area of the crown (11),
    characterized in that the air feed device (10) has at least one tapered pipe (1) which extends beyond the crown (11) downwards in the direction parallel to the middle axis (30) of the extraction pipe (3) for purposes of penetrating into the soil and blowing a compressed air stream into the soil below the crown (11) parallel to the cross sectional plane of said crown (11), and said air feed device (10) being suitable for pushing up and separating a soil core that is approximately the size of or smaller than the clearance cross section of the crown (11) and for extracting the soil core through the extraction pipe (3).
  6. The extraction pipe according to Claim 5, characterized in that the air feed device (10) comprises several tapered pipes (1) that are distributed peripherally around the crown (11) and that extend beyond the crown (11) downwards in the direction parallel to the middle axis (30) of the extraction pipe (3) and that, in the area of their lower ends, they each have an outlet opening for the compressed air that is arranged in the cross sectional plane of the crown (11) and that is oriented inwards towards the middle axis (30).
  7. The extraction pipe according to any of Claims 5 to 6,
    characterized in that
    the air feed device (10) comprises an air ring pipe (2) that is arranged peripherally around the crown (11) and that forms a compressed air tank into which a compressed air pipe (10) opens up, whereby the tapered pipes (1) are arranged on the air ring pipe (2) facing downwards in the direction parallel to the middle axis (30) of the crown (11).
  8. The extraction pipe according to any of Claims 5 to 7,
    characterized in that,
    inside the compressed air pipe (10), there is a pressure sensor that measures the momentary pressure inside the tapered pipes (1) and, as a function of the measured pressure, opens or closes an air valve (28) arranged on the compressed air pipe.
  9. The extraction pipe according to any of Claims 5 to 8,
    characterized in that
    the compressed air pipe (10) is arranged perpendicular on the outside on the circumferential surface of the extraction pipe (3), preferably perpendicular in the direction of a circumferential surface line.
  10. The extraction pipe according to any of Claims 5 to 9,
    characterized in that
    the outermost lower end of the tapered pipe (1) has a tip, whereby the diameter of the outlet opening (32) of the tapered pipes (1) is smaller than the diameter of the inlet opening (31).
  11. The extraction pipe according to any of Claims 5 to 10,
    characterized in that
    the tapered pipes (1) extend beyond the crown (11) downwards by a value of between 8 cm and 15 cm.
  12. The extraction pipe according to any of Claims 5 to 11,
    characterized in that
    the extraction pipe (3) has slits (14) above the crown (11) for air intake that avoids the crown opening, thus functioning as a bypass for ensuring a laminar flow in the extraction pipe (3).
  13. The extraction pipe according to Claim 12, characterized in that the slits (14) extend peripherally around the extraction pipe (3), whereby the length of the slits is considerably greater than the width of the slits, preferably at a ratio of length to width of 5:1 to 20:1.
  14. The extraction pipe according to Claim 12 or 13 or 14,
    characterized in that
    the slits (14) can be opened and closed and their length and optionally their width can be adjusted.
  15. The extraction pipe according to any of Claims 5 to 14,
    characterized in that
    the extraction pipe (3) is made up of several parts and consists essentially of the crown (11), a middle piece (34) and a following closing ring.
  16. The extraction pipe according to any of Claims 5 to 15,
    characterized in that
    the extraction pipe (3) is arranged so as to be movable in a guided manner and spring-loaded on a stationary top part (5) which engages with a suction tube, whereby a deformable connection bellows is positioned between the top part (5) and the extraction pipe (3).
  17. The extraction pipe according to Claim 15, characterized in that the top part (5) is a connection sleeve that is connected at its lower end to the connection bellows and at its upper end to the outgoing suction tube.
  18. The extraction pipe according to any of Claims 5 to 17,
    characterized in that,
    at the upper end of the extraction pipe (3), there is a connection ring that, in turn, is connected at its upper end to the connection bellows.
  19. The extraction pipe according to any of Claims 15 to 18,
    characterized in that
    the top part (5) and the connection ring (4) each have at least one tubular or sleeve-shaped guide that coincide with each other, through which a guide shaft passes that is attached inside the guide of the top part and that is movably secured inside the guide of the connection ring and which, outside of the guide at the lower end thereof, is provided with a security element to limit the path of the guide shaft, whereby a pressure spring is arranged between the guide of the top part and that of the connection ring, said pressure spring holding the top part (5) and the connection ring (4) at their greatest possible distance in the resting position in their largest lengthwise extension.
  20. The extraction pipe according to any of Claims 8 to 18,
    characterized in that,
    below the guide shaft, there is a contact element (25) that, at a predefined spring path and compression of the pressure spring, can be contacted by the guide shaft and triggers a signal with which, in turn, opens the air valve (28) for feeding compressed air to the tapered pipes (1) and which is capable of feeding a compressed air stream into the tapered pipes (1).
  21. The extraction pipe according to any of Claims 5 to 20,
    characterized in that
    the top part (5) has a quick coupling by means of which the top part is detachably connected to the extraction pipe (3).
  22. The extraction pipe according to Claim 5, characterized in that the lower end of the middle piece (34) of the extraction pipe (3) has cutouts (35) that serve to configure the slits (14) when the middle piece (34) is connected to the crown (11).
  23. The extraction pipe according to Claim 5, characterized in that, on the top part (5) for connecting the suction tube (24), there are three ears (7) for holding three guide shafts (6) and the top part carries the air valve (28) as well as a quick coupling (21) for connecting the compressed air pipe (10) to the compressed air feed.
  24. The extraction pipe according to any of Claims 5 to 21,
    characterized in that
    the air feed device (10) has a tapered pipe (1) running in the direction of the middle axis (30) of the crown (11), the lower end area of said tapered pipe (1) having at least one outlet opening for compressed air that is arranged in the cross sectional plane of the crown (11) and that is oriented radially outwards.
  25. The extraction pipe according to Claim 22, characterized in that the tapered pipe (1) has three outlet openings that are each distributed by 120 degrees along the circumference of the tapered pipe.
  26. The use of a pneumatic extraction pipe (3) according to Claim 5, for use in suction dredges or suction devices for pneumatically picking up soil according to the thin-stream method while generating a suction air stream.
EP04721120A 2003-04-03 2004-03-17 Method for pneumatically picking up soil for use in suction devices and suction tube for this purpose and use of said suction tube Expired - Lifetime EP1618258B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10315335 2003-04-03
DE10318720 2003-04-25
DE10320238A DE10320238A1 (en) 2003-04-03 2003-05-07 Process for the pneumatic picking up of soil for suction devices and suction pipe therefor
PCT/DE2004/000545 WO2004088049A1 (en) 2003-04-03 2004-03-17 Method for pneumatically picking up soil for use in suction devices and suction tube for this purpose and use of said suction tube

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1618258A1 EP1618258A1 (en) 2006-01-25
EP1618258B1 true EP1618258B1 (en) 2007-09-12

Family

ID=28678501

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP04721120A Expired - Lifetime EP1618258B1 (en) 2003-04-03 2004-03-17 Method for pneumatically picking up soil for use in suction devices and suction tube for this purpose and use of said suction tube

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1618258B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE373146T1 (en)
DE (3) DE20308282U1 (en)
WO (1) WO2004088049A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102146793A (en) * 2011-01-14 2011-08-10 三一重型装备有限公司 Tunneller and cutting mechanism thereof

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US601521A (en) * 1898-03-29 John ernst melcher
GB1110850A (en) * 1966-07-01 1968-04-24 Nikex Nehezipari Kulkere Improvements in or relating to dredging equipments
DK169043B1 (en) * 1991-05-30 1994-08-01 Ernst Benzoni Von Benzon auger
US5535836A (en) * 1994-05-25 1996-07-16 Ventura Petroleum Services , Inc. Total recovery drill
US6446365B1 (en) * 2000-09-15 2002-09-10 Vermeer Manufacturing Company Nozzle mount for soft excavation

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE502004004954D1 (en) 2007-10-25
DE20308281U1 (en) 2003-09-18
ATE373146T1 (en) 2007-09-15
DE20308282U1 (en) 2003-10-09
WO2004088049A1 (en) 2004-10-14
EP1618258A1 (en) 2006-01-25

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