EP1609946B1 - Düsenanordnung - Google Patents

Düsenanordnung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1609946B1
EP1609946B1 EP20050012494 EP05012494A EP1609946B1 EP 1609946 B1 EP1609946 B1 EP 1609946B1 EP 20050012494 EP20050012494 EP 20050012494 EP 05012494 A EP05012494 A EP 05012494A EP 1609946 B1 EP1609946 B1 EP 1609946B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
insert
shunt
wall
hole
wellbore
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP20050012494
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1609946A2 (de
EP1609946A3 (de
Inventor
John R. Setterberg Jr.
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Weatherford Lamb Inc
Original Assignee
Weatherford Lamb Inc
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Weatherford Lamb Inc filed Critical Weatherford Lamb Inc
Publication of EP1609946A2 publication Critical patent/EP1609946A2/de
Publication of EP1609946A3 publication Critical patent/EP1609946A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1609946B1 publication Critical patent/EP1609946B1/de
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/02—Subsoil filtering
    • E21B43/08—Screens or liners
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B41/00—Equipment or details not covered by groups E21B15/00 - E21B40/00
    • E21B41/0078—Nozzles used in boreholes

Definitions

  • Embodiments of the present invention generally relate to methods and apparatuses for providing a more uniform gravel pack in a wellbore. More particularly, the invention relates to methods and apparatuses for providing an improved nozzle for a shunt tube.
  • Hydrocarbon wells especially those having horizontal wellbores, typically have sections of wellscreen comprising a perforated inner tube surrounded by a screen portion.
  • the purpose of the screen is to block the flow of unwanted materials into the wellbore.
  • some contaminants and other unwanted materials like sand still enter the production tubing.
  • the contaminants occur naturally and are also formed as part of the drilling process.
  • As production fluids are recovered, the contaminants are also pumped out of the wellbore and retrieved at the surface of the well.
  • gravel packing involves the placement of gravel in an annular area formed between the screen portion of the wellscreen and the wellbore.
  • a gravel packing operation a slurry of liquid, sand and gravel ("slurry") is pumped down the wellbore where it is redirected into the annular area with a cross-over tool.
  • the gravel fills the annulus, it becomes tightly packed and acts as an additional filtering layer along with the wellscreen to prevent collapse of the wellbore and to prevent the contaminants from entering the stream of production fluids pumped to the surface.
  • the gravel will be uniformly packed around the entire length of the wellscreen, completely filling the annulus.
  • Sand bridges are a wall bridging the annulus and interrupting the flow of the slurry, thereby preventing the annulus from completely filling with gravel.
  • FIG. 1 is a side view, partially in section of a horizontal wellbore with a wellscreen therein.
  • the wellscreen 30 is positioned in the wellbore 14 adjacent a hydrocarbon bearing formation therearound.
  • An annulus 16 is formed between the wellscreen 30 and the wellbore 14.
  • the Figure illustrates the path of gravel 13 as it is pumped down the production tubing 11 in a slurry and into the annulus 16 through a crossover tool 33.
  • FIG. 1 Also illustrated in FIG. 1 is a formation including an area of highly permeable material 15.
  • the highly permeable area 15 can draw liquid from the slurry, thereby dehydrating the slurry.
  • the remaining solid particles form a sand bridge 20 and prevent further filling of the annulus 16 with gravel.
  • the sand bridge particles entering the wellbore from the formation are more likely to enter the production string and travel to the surface of the well. The particles may also travel at a high velocity, and therefore more likely to damage and abrade the wellscreen components.
  • FIG. 2 is a sectional view of a prior art nozzle assembly 50 disposed on a shunt tube 55.
  • the construction for an exit point from the shunt tube 55 involves drilling a hole 80 in the side of the tube, typically with an angled aspect, in approximate alignment with the slurry flow path 75, to facilitate streamlined flow.
  • the nozzle assembly 50 having a tubular outer jacket 65, and a tubular carbide insert 60, is held in alignment with the drilled hole 80, and the outer jacket is attached to the tube with a weld 70, trapping the carbide insert 60 against the tube 55, in alignment with the drilled hole 80.
  • the nozzle assembly 50 also has an angled aspect, pointing downward and outward, away from the tube 55. Sand slurry exiting the tube 55 through the nozzle 50 is routed through the carbide insert 60, which is resistant to damage from the highly abrasive slurry.
  • Both the method of constructing the nozzle 50 and the nozzle itself suffer from significant drawbacks. Holding the nozzle assembly 50 in correct alignment while welding is cumbersome. A piece of rod (not shown) must be inserted through the nozzle assembly 50, into the drilled hole 80, to maintain alignment. This requires time, and a certain level of skill and experience. During welding, the nozzle assembly 50 can shift out of exact alignment with the drilled hole in the tube due to either translational or rotational motion. After welding, exact alignment between the nozzle 50 and the drilled hole 80 is not assured. Because the carbide insert 60 actually sits on the surface of the tube 55, the hole 80 in the tube wall is part of the exit flow path 75. Abrasive slurry, passing through the hole, may cut through the relatively soft tube 55 material, and bypass the carbide insert 60 entirely, causing tube failure.
  • WO 2004/018837 shows an injection string being provided with removable nozzle inserts which comprise through-going openings and which are disposed radially within bores in the pipe of the wall of the injection string.
  • the bores are provided with internal threads matching external threads on the inserts.
  • This type of nozzles which constitute a flow control device for the injection string, proves, however, ill suited for a gravel pack operation.
  • the present invention generally provides apparatuses and methods for an improved shunt nozzle which is part of an alternative pathway for a slurry to by-pass an obstruction such as a sand bridge during gravel packing.
  • a nozzle assembly for use in a tool having a hole through a wall of the tool, comprising: an insert configured to at least partially line the hole and seat on a surface of the wall proximate the hole, thereby restraining movement of the insert relative to the tool.
  • the insert comprises a first portion; and a shoulder portion between the first portion and a lip portion, wherein the shoulder portion is configured to seat on the surface of the wall proximate the hole.
  • the lip portion may be configured to at least partially line the hole and comprise a tapered portion that is configured to form an interference fit with a surface of the wall defining the hole.
  • the nozzle assembly may further comprise a jacket having a bore therethrough and a recessed portion for receiving the first portion of the insert.
  • the nozzle may be constructed from a relatively hard material, such as a carbide material.
  • the insert may have a bore therethrough and may be configured so that a center of the bore will be substantially aligned with a center of the hole when the insert is seated on the wall of the tool.
  • a nozzle assembly for use in a tool having a hole through the wall of the tool, comprising: an insert having a bore therethrough, wherein the insert is configured to mate with the tool so that a center of the bore is held in substantial alignment with a center of the hole.
  • a method for attaching a nozzle assembly to a tool comprising: inserting an insert into a hole in a wall of the tool until the insert seats on a surface of the wall proximate the hole, thereby lining at least a portion of the hole with the insert and restraining movement of the insert relative to the tool.
  • FIG. 1 is a side view, partially in section of a horizontal wellbore with a wellscreen therein.
  • Figure 2 is a sectional view of a prior art flow nozzle configuration.
  • Figure 3 is a top end view of a gravel pack apparatus, according to one embodiment of the present invention, positioned within a wellbore.
  • Figure 3A is a sectional view, taken along line 3A-3A of FIG. 3 , of the gravel pack apparatus positioned within wellbore adjacent a highly permeable area of a formation.
  • FIG. 3B is a schematic of one of the shunts showing the placement of nozzles along the shunt.
  • FIG. 4 is a sectional view of a nozzle assembly, according to one embodiment of the present invention, disposed on one of the shunts.
  • FIG. 4A is an enlargement of a portion of FIG. 4 indicated by the dotted oval labeled 4A.
  • FIG. 3 is a top end view of a gravel pack apparatus 100, according to one embodiment of the present invention, positioned within wellbore 14.
  • FIG. 3A is a sectional view, taken along line 3A-3A of FIG. 3 , of the gravel pack apparatus 100 positioned within wellbore 14 adjacent the highly permeable area 15 of a formation.
  • Apparatus 100 may have a "cross-over" sub 33 (see FIG. 1 ) connected to its upper end which, in turn, is suspended from the surface on a tubing or work string (not shown).
  • Apparatus 100 can be of one continuous length or it may consist of sections (e.g. 6,1 meter [20 foot sections]) connected together by subs or blanks (not shown).
  • all components of the apparatus 100 are constructed from a low carbon or a chrome steel unless otherwise specified, however, the material choice is not essential to the invention.
  • Apparatus 100 includes a wellscreen assembly 105.
  • wellscreen assembly 105 comprises a base pipe 110 having perforations 120 through a wall thereof. Wound around an outer side of the base pipe 110 is a wire wrap 125 configured to permit the flow of fluids therethrough while blocking the flow of particulates.
  • wellscreen assembly 105 may be any structure commonly used by the industry in gravel pack operations which permit flow of fluids therethrough while blocking the flow of particulates (e.g. commercially-available screens, slotted or perforated liners or pipes, screened pipes, prepacked screens and/or liners, or combinations thereof).
  • each shunt 145 is open to the annulus.
  • Each one of the shunts 145 is rectangular with a flow bore therethrough, however, the shape of the shunts is not essential to the invention.
  • Disposed on a sidewall of each shunt is a nozzle 150.
  • FIG. 3B is a schematic of one of the shunts 145 showing the placement of nozzles 150 along the shunt 145. As shown, a plurality of nozzles 150 are disposed axially along each shunt 145. Each nozzle 150 provides slurry fluid communication between one of the shunts 145 and an annulus 16 between the wellscreen 105 and the wellbore 14. As shown, the nozzles 150 are oriented to face an end of the wellbore 14 distal from the surface (not shown) to facilitate streamlined flow of the slurry 13 therethrough.
  • a plurality of centralizers 130 Disposed on the outside of base pipe 110 are a plurality of centralizers 130. Disposed on the centralizers 130, at an end distal from the base pipe 110, is a tubular shroud 135 having perforations 140 through the wall thereof. The shroud protects shunts 145 and wellscreen 105 from damage during insertion of the apparatus 100 into the wellbore. The perforations 140 are configured to allow the flow of slurry 13 therethrough.
  • apparatus 100 is lowered into wellbore 14 on a workstring and is positioned adjacent a formation.
  • a packer 18 (see FIG. 1 ) is set as will be understood by those skilled in the art.
  • Gravel slurry 13 is then pumped down the workstring and out the outlet ports in cross-over sub 33 to fill the annulus 16 between the wellscreen 105 and the wellbore 14. Since shunts 145 are open at their upper ends, the slurry 13 will flow into both the shunts and the annulus 16. As the slurry 13 loses liquid to the high permeability portion 15 of the formation, the gravel carried by the slurry 13 is deposited and collects in the annulus 16 to form the gravel pack.
  • the sand bridge 20 is likely to form which will block flow through the annulus 16 and prevent further filling below the bridge. If this occurs, the gravel slurry will continue flowing through the shunts 145, bypassing the sand bridge 20, and exiting the various nozzles 150 to finish filling annulus 16.
  • the flow of slurry 13 through one of the shunts 145 is represented by arrow 102.
  • FIG. 4 is a sectional view of a nozzle assembly 150, according to one embodiment of the present invention, disposed on one of the shunts 145.
  • FIG. 4A is an enlargement of a portion of FIG. 4 indicated by the dotted oval labeled 4A.
  • the nozzle assembly 150 comprises an insert 160 with a flow bore therethrough, that features a lip 160a that extends into a drilled hole 170 in a wall of the shunt 145, thereby lining a surface 145a of the shunt wall that defines the hole 170.
  • the insert is made from a hard material, i.e., carbide, relative to the material of the shunt 145.
  • the length of the lip 160a is substantially the same as the wall thickness of the shunt 145.
  • the lip 160a may be substantially longer or shorter than the wall thickness of the shunt 145.
  • the lip 160a features a slight taper on an outer surface 160c for seating on the surface 145a of the shunt wall, thereby providing a slight interference fit, however, the taper is not essential to the invention.
  • the insert 160 also features a shoulder 160b which seats with a surface 145b of the shunt wall proximate the hole 170, thereby providing a rigid stop limiting the depth to which lip 160a can penetrate the shunt 145.
  • An outer jacket 155 having a flow bore therethrough and a recess configured to receive a portion of the insert 160 may then be easily slipped on and secured to the shunt 145 with a weld 165.
  • the outer jacket 155 and insert 160 are tubular members, however, their shape is not essential to the invention.
  • the hole 170 is not perpendicular to the surface 145b of the shunt proximate the hole, however, the hole may be perpendicular to the surface of the shunt proximate the hole.
  • Assembly of the nozzle assembly 150 is as follows.
  • the insert 160 is inserted into the hole 170 until the taper 160c of the hard insert 160 is press fit with the shunt surface 145a defining the hole 170 and the shoulder 160b is seated on the shunt surface 145b proximate the hole 170, so that the lip 160a lines the surface 145a and the insert 160 is secured to the shunt 145.
  • the outer jacket 155 can be disposed over an outer surface of the insert 160 and securely welded with minimal handling. Assembly time is greatly reduced, as is the required skill level of the assembler. Once seated, the nozzle assembly 150 is restrained from translating or rotating relative to the shunt 145.
  • the nozzle assembly 150 is used with a shunt 145 of a gravel pack apparatus 100, however, the nozzle assembly 150 may be used with various other apparatuses.

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  • Geology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Jet Pumps And Other Pumps (AREA)
  • Bridges Or Land Bridges (AREA)
  • Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)
  • Casting Support Devices, Ladles, And Melt Control Thereby (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)

Claims (12)

  1. Vorrichtung zum Einsatz in einem Bohrloch, die umfasst:
    eine Bohrlochsiebanordnung (wellscreen assembly) (105), die so aufgebaut ist, dass sie den Strom von Fluid durchlässt, den Strom von Teilchen jedoch blockiert; und
    eine Abzweigleitung (145), die an einer Außenfläche der Bohrlochsiebanordnung angeordnet ist, wobei die Abzweigleitung umfasst:
    eine Wand (145a),
    eine Bohrung durch sie hindurch, und
    eine Vielzahl von Löchern (170), die durch die Wand hindurch und axial entlang der Abzweigleitung angeordnet sind;
    eine Vielzahl von Düsen (150);
    wobei die Vorrichtung dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, dass jede Düse umfasst:
    einen Einsatz (160), der ein entsprechendes Loch wenigstens teilweise auskleidet und an einer Fläche (145b) der Wand nahe an dem entsprechenden Loch aufgenommen ist, um so Bewegung des Einsatzes relativ zu der Wand einzuschränken,
    wobei jeder Einsatz umfasst:
    einen ersten Abschnitt; und
    einen Schulterabschnitt (160b) zwischen dem ersten Abschnitt und einem Lippenabschnitt (160a), wobei der Schulterabschnitt an einer Fläche der Wand nah an dem entsprechenden Loch aufgenommen ist, und
    wobei jede Düse des Weiteren eine Ummantelung (155) umfasst, die eine Bohrung durch sie hindurch und einen ausgesparten Abschnitt aufweist, der den ersten Abschnitt des Einsatzes aufnimmt.
  2. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, wobei jeder Lippenabschnitt das Loch wenigstens teilweise auskleidet und einen konischen Abschnitt (160c) umfasst, der eine Presspassung mit einer Fläche der Wand (145a) bildet, die das Loch begrenzt.
  3. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, die des Weiteren eine Schweißnaht (165) umfasst, die zwischen einer Außenfläche jeder Ummantelung und der Fläche der Wand angeordnet ist.
  4. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, wobei nicht jedes Loch senkrecht zu der Fläche der Wand nah an dem Loch ist.
  5. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, wobei jeder Einsatz eine Bohrung durch selbigen hindurch aufweist und eine Mitte der Einsatz-Bohrung im Wesentlichen mit einer Mitte des entsprechenden Lochs fluchtend ist, da der Einsatz an der Wand der Abzweigleitung aufgenommen ist.
  6. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, wobei die Länge jedes Lippenabschnitts im Wesentlichen der Dicke der Wand entspricht.
  7. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, wobei jeder Einsatz aus einem Material besteht, das im Wesentlichen härter ist als ein Material der Abzweigleitung.
  8. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, wobei jeder Einsatz aus einem Karbidmaterial aufgebaut ist.
  9. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, die des Weiteren einen perforierten röhrenförmigen Schutzmantel umfasst, der um die Bohrlochsiebanordnung und die Abzweigleitung herum angeordnet ist.
  10. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 7, wobei alle Einsatzbohrungen einheitlich sind.
  11. Verfahren zum Einsatz der Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, das umfasst:
    Zusammensetzen der Vorrichtung mit Steigrohr;
    Führen des Steigrohrs in das Bohrloch, so dass die Vorrichtung an eine Kohlenwasserstoff führende Formation angrenzt; und
    Pumpen von Schlamm in einen Ringraum, der zwischen der Vorrichtung und dem Bohrloch ausgebildet ist;
    Ableiten wenigstens eines Teils des Schlamms in die Abzweigleitung, wobei der abgeleitete Teil aus der Abzweigleitung über die Düsen in den Ringraum austritt und so den Ringraum mit Kies füllt.
  12. Verfahren nach Anspruch 11, das des Weiteren umfasst:
    Fördern von Kohlenwasserstoffen durch die Kiesfüllung und die Bohrlochsiebanordnung hindurch.
EP20050012494 2004-06-23 2005-06-10 Düsenanordnung Not-in-force EP1609946B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US87624904A 2004-06-23 2004-06-23
US876249 2004-06-23

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1609946A2 EP1609946A2 (de) 2005-12-28
EP1609946A3 EP1609946A3 (de) 2006-03-01
EP1609946B1 true EP1609946B1 (de) 2008-02-20

Family

ID=34937361

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP20050012494 Not-in-force EP1609946B1 (de) 2004-06-23 2005-06-10 Düsenanordnung

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EP (1) EP1609946B1 (de)
DE (1) DE602005004836T2 (de)
NO (1) NO331548B1 (de)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7597141B2 (en) * 2004-06-23 2009-10-06 Weatherford/Lamb, Inc. Flow nozzle assembly
NO333271B1 (no) * 2005-06-08 2013-04-22 Weatherford Lamb Strømningsdysesammenstilling og fremgangsmåte for å feste samme til et verktøy
US7828056B2 (en) * 2007-07-06 2010-11-09 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Method and apparatus for connecting shunt tubes to sand screen assemblies
US9097104B2 (en) 2011-11-09 2015-08-04 Weatherford Technology Holdings, Llc Erosion resistant flow nozzle for downhole tool
AU2014201020B2 (en) 2013-02-28 2016-05-19 Weatherford Technology Holdings, Llc Erosion ports for shunt tubes

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB640310A (en) * 1948-01-13 1950-07-19 Isler & Company Ltd C Improvements in lining tubes for artesian wells
DE3527205C1 (de) * 1985-07-30 1986-10-16 Gebr. Eickhoff Maschinenfabrik U. Eisengiesserei Mbh, 4630 Bochum Duese zum Abspruehen von Hochdruckfluessigkeit
US5842516A (en) * 1997-04-04 1998-12-01 Mobil Oil Corporation Erosion-resistant inserts for fluid outlets in a well tool and method for installing same
US6491097B1 (en) * 2000-12-14 2002-12-10 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Abrasive slurry delivery apparatus and methods of using same
US6557634B2 (en) * 2001-03-06 2003-05-06 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Apparatus and method for gravel packing an interval of a wellbore
NO318165B1 (no) * 2002-08-26 2005-02-14 Reslink As Bronninjeksjonsstreng, fremgangsmate for fluidinjeksjon og anvendelse av stromningsstyreanordning i injeksjonsstreng

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1609946A2 (de) 2005-12-28
NO331548B1 (no) 2012-01-23
EP1609946A3 (de) 2006-03-01
NO20052738D0 (no) 2005-06-08
DE602005004836D1 (de) 2008-04-03
NO20052738L (no) 2005-12-27
DE602005004836T2 (de) 2009-02-12

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