EP1606574A1 - 5.56mm small arms ammunition - Google Patents
5.56mm small arms ammunitionInfo
- Publication number
- EP1606574A1 EP1606574A1 EP04720915A EP04720915A EP1606574A1 EP 1606574 A1 EP1606574 A1 EP 1606574A1 EP 04720915 A EP04720915 A EP 04720915A EP 04720915 A EP04720915 A EP 04720915A EP 1606574 A1 EP1606574 A1 EP 1606574A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- projectile
- diameter
- main body
- combination
- grooves
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004429 Calibre Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001080 W alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten carbide Chemical compound [W+]#[C-] UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000562 Gilding metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920000271 Kevlar® Polymers 0.000 description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002679 ablation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004761 kevlar Substances 0.000 description 2
- 231100000225 lethality Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003380 propellant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002860 competitive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
- F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
- F42B12/72—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the material
- F42B12/76—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the material of the casing
- F42B12/78—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the material of the casing of jackets for smallarm bullets ; Jacketed bullets or projectiles
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
- F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
- F42B12/72—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the material
- F42B12/74—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the material of the core or solid body
Definitions
- This invention relates to ammunition for use in a weapon having a rifled barrel, and especially to an improved form of projectile for small arms ammunition.
- a projectile When a projectile is fired from a rifled barrel, the projectile must deform as it travels along the barrel so that material forming part of the projectile is forced into the spaces between the lands forming the rifling. This process is called engraving, and causes a spin to be imparted to the projectile by virtue of the longitudinal twist of the rifling.
- the deformation of the projectile, its travel along the barrel effectively as a force fit to the rifling, the high linear acceleration imparted by the gun propellant on firing, and the consequent high rate of angular acceleration and associated force acting between rifling and projectile all contribute to substantial wear on the barrel. If this wear rate can be reduced, substantial benefits follow, including increased barrel life, higher muzzle velocity and hence increased accuracy and lethality.
- a 7.62mm bullet formed from a steel alloy, having a forward body portion whose diameter corresponds to that of the rifling lands of an associated gun, and a rearward body portion having a greater diameter, and provided with annular grooves.
- the body is provided with a coating which can be of copper.
- the copper coating acts as a lubricant, and is less thick than the depth of the rifling.
- the rifling therefore cuts through the copper coating so that the steel body of the bullet is engraved by the rifling.
- the steel of the body must be soft, so as to permit this engraving to occur without undue barrel wear.
- the maximum value for the hardness of the steel body mentioned in the disclosure is 210 Brinell, which equates to a Vickers Hardness of 213, i.e. very much less than the desirable minimum value of 550 Vickers Hardness.
- the bullet disclosed in US Patent No 5686693 will lack the desirable target penetration capability.
- the projectile will also have an ogival nose portion of the body forward of said forward body portion, although other forms are possible.
- the main body of the projectile should normally have a diameter which is not greater than that defined by the roots of the grooves of the rifling.
- the knurl lines or splines are designed to deform into the groove air gaps corresponding to said splines or knurl lines, and thus engaging with the lands, inducing spin in the projectile due to the twist of the rifling.
- This deformation gives the body an interference fit with the rifling so as also to provide effective obturation by restricting or preventing the escape of propellant gases past the projectile via the rifling grooves.
- the length and precise diameter of the body should be designed with these factors in mind.
- the depth of said grooves of knurl lines should preferably be between about 1% and 10% of the nominal diameter of the projectile, and an optimum design may be between 2% and 6%.
- the material selected for the projectile body will depend partly upon the function which the projectile is to perform, but in the case of High Performance Ammunition should not usually be below a Vickers Hardness of 550 HV.
- steel is a suitable material, as it is inexpensive and can be readily formed into the desired shape, eg. by a cold-forming process.
- Tungsten is another possible material because hardness is an important characteristic for target defeat, as are alloys of tungsten, and tungsten carbide.
- the invention is particularly but not exclusively applicable to small arms weapons systems, having a nominal calibre of 20mm or less, especially 9mm or less.
- Figure 1 shows a diagrammatic representation of a round of small arms ammunition incorporating grooves of knurl lines projectile for use in combination with a gun having a rifled barrel, in accordance with the invention
- Figures 2A and 2B each shows a cross sectional elevation A-A through the projectile shown in Figure 1 , additionally depicting the envelope of said projectile.
- a small arms ammunition projectile 1 comprising a main body portion 2, a tip portion 3 and along the main body a plurality of grooves or knurl lines 4 producing corresponding splines 5 and air gaps 6.
- the projectile body is of elongate form and is cold formed from steel having a Vickers Hardness of at least 550. It can subsequently be given a heat treatment to provide the desired hardness or other physical properties.
- the projectile comprises a body 2 of substantially cylindrical form.
- the projectile Because of the substantial hardness of the projectile body material, the projectile is highly effective at penetration of targets such as titanium/kevlar body armour. Moreover, the hardness also serves to minimise ablation of the projectile tip profile, thus further contributing to its effectiveness in target penetration.
- FIGs 2A and 2B show representative cross sections A-A on Figure 1.
- the detail of the knurl lines 9 and associated 'groove' air gaps 6 of the projectile body core 7 is shown when the projectile body core 7 is located within surrounding jacket material 11.
- the splines 5 and associated 'groove' air gaps 8 of the projectile body core 7 is shown when the projectile body core 7 is located within surrounding jacket material 11.
- the jacket material 11 deforms into the corresponding groove air gaps 6, 8 corresponding to the splines 5 or knurl lines 9.
- the internal diameter 10 of the jacket material 11 should preferably be substantially equal to or less than the diameter of any rifling grooves (not shown).
- the presence of the grooves 6, 8 facilitates the necessary deformation of the jacket material 11, thus enabling the rifle engraving to take place with a substantially reduced axial force.
- the fact that the jacket material 11 can deform into the grooves 6, 8 contributes considerably to a dramatic reduction in the axial force required for engraving to occur.
- the projectile which forms part of the combination of gun and ammunition tile according to the invention is also considerably less expensive to manufacture than a corresponding conventional projectile in, for example, a gilding metal jacket.
- the optimum design parameters for the projectile according to the invention can be determined by those skilled in the art, based on the teaching contained herein.
- the invention is particularly but not exclusively applicable to small arms ammunition.
- the invention has been successfully applied to 5.56mm gun and ammunition.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
- Toys (AREA)
- Ladders (AREA)
- Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Structure Of Telephone Exchanges (AREA)
- Fishing Rods (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
- Shafts, Cranks, Connecting Bars, And Related Bearings (AREA)
- Telescopes (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GBGB0307274.1A GB0307274D0 (en) | 2003-03-27 | 2003-03-27 | 5.56 small arms ammunition |
GB0307274 | 2003-03-27 | ||
PCT/GB2004/001108 WO2004085953A1 (en) | 2003-03-27 | 2004-03-16 | 5.56mm small arms ammunition |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1606574A1 true EP1606574A1 (en) | 2005-12-21 |
EP1606574B1 EP1606574B1 (en) | 2008-01-02 |
Family
ID=29286765
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP04720915A Expired - Lifetime EP1606574B1 (en) | 2003-03-27 | 2004-03-16 | 5.56mm small arms ammunition |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20050000385A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1606574B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP4249219B2 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE382843T1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE602004011031T2 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2295839T3 (en) |
GB (1) | GB0307274D0 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2004085953A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20050183617A1 (en) * | 2004-02-23 | 2005-08-25 | Macdougall John | Jacketed ammunition |
JP5244010B2 (en) * | 2009-03-30 | 2013-07-24 | 旭精機工業株式会社 | Bullet for small firearms |
US11231257B2 (en) * | 2010-11-10 | 2022-01-25 | True Velocity Ip Holdings, Llc | Method of making a metal injection molded ammunition cartridge |
ITMI20110506A1 (en) * | 2011-03-29 | 2012-09-30 | Fiocchi Munizioni Spa | BULLET FOR FIRE WEAPON, AND ITS ARMA |
US8857343B2 (en) * | 2012-05-29 | 2014-10-14 | Liberty Ammunition, Llc | High volume multiple component projectile assembly |
US9581402B2 (en) * | 2014-06-04 | 2017-02-28 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Projectile for use with a tapered bore gun |
WO2017015665A1 (en) | 2015-07-23 | 2017-01-26 | Vista Outdoor Operations Llc | Cartridge with improved penetration and expansion bullet |
US11808551B2 (en) | 2015-07-23 | 2023-11-07 | Federal Cartridge Company | Cartridge with improved penetration and expansion bullet |
US10551154B2 (en) | 2017-01-20 | 2020-02-04 | Vista Outdoor Operations Llc | Rifle cartridge with improved bullet upset and separation |
US11333472B1 (en) * | 2018-07-16 | 2022-05-17 | Vista Outdoor Operations Llc | Reduced stiffness barrel fired projectile |
CN109446737B (en) * | 2018-12-19 | 2024-06-28 | 南京工业大学 | Bullet head with negative poisson ratio effect and design method thereof |
DE102019121112A1 (en) * | 2019-08-05 | 2021-02-11 | Ruag Ammotec Ag | Projectile, method for producing a projectile, stamp for producing a projectile and method for rotationally securing a projectile core with respect to a projectile jacket of a projectile |
DE102022121811A1 (en) | 2022-08-29 | 2024-02-29 | Rws Gmbh | Bullet with reduced barrel loading |
Family Cites Families (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE309293C (en) * | ||||
GB697172A (en) * | 1950-06-17 | 1953-09-16 | Birmingham Small Arms Co Ltd | Improvements in or relating to armour-piercing cores for projectiles |
US3349711A (en) * | 1964-12-07 | 1967-10-31 | Remington Arms Co Inc | Process of forming jacketed projectiles |
DE2839120C2 (en) * | 1978-09-08 | 1983-09-08 | Diehl GmbH & Co, 8500 Nürnberg | Bullet with a tubular body |
FR2540239A1 (en) * | 1983-02-02 | 1984-08-03 | Antoine Robert | Projectile having a core and a ductile covering and cartridge comprising such a projectile |
BR8406941A (en) * | 1983-06-22 | 1985-06-04 | Branscomb Corp Nv | MUNICIPAL PIECE |
US5686693A (en) | 1992-06-25 | 1997-11-11 | Jakobsson; Bo | Soft steel projectile |
EP1007898B1 (en) * | 1997-08-26 | 2001-07-25 | RUAG Munition | Jacketed projectile with a hard core |
US6305293B1 (en) * | 1998-04-14 | 2001-10-23 | Laser Ii, Llc | Multiple-component projectile with non-discarding sabot sleeve |
-
2003
- 2003-03-27 GB GBGB0307274.1A patent/GB0307274D0/en not_active Ceased
-
2004
- 2004-03-16 AT AT04720915T patent/ATE382843T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2004-03-16 JP JP2006500258A patent/JP4249219B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-03-16 ES ES04720915T patent/ES2295839T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-03-16 EP EP04720915A patent/EP1606574B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-03-16 DE DE602004011031T patent/DE602004011031T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-03-16 US US10/492,985 patent/US20050000385A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2004-03-16 WO PCT/GB2004/001108 patent/WO2004085953A1/en active IP Right Grant
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO2004085953A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP4249219B2 (en) | 2009-04-02 |
EP1606574B1 (en) | 2008-01-02 |
DE602004011031T2 (en) | 2009-01-02 |
DE602004011031D1 (en) | 2008-02-14 |
US20050000385A1 (en) | 2005-01-06 |
WO2004085953A1 (en) | 2004-10-07 |
ES2295839T3 (en) | 2008-04-16 |
ATE382843T1 (en) | 2008-01-15 |
JP2006515056A (en) | 2006-05-18 |
GB0307274D0 (en) | 2003-10-29 |
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