EP1602825A1 - Fuel injector - Google Patents
Fuel injector Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1602825A1 EP1602825A1 EP04256547A EP04256547A EP1602825A1 EP 1602825 A1 EP1602825 A1 EP 1602825A1 EP 04256547 A EP04256547 A EP 04256547A EP 04256547 A EP04256547 A EP 04256547A EP 1602825 A1 EP1602825 A1 EP 1602825A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- fuel
- valve member
- seal
- fuel injector
- spring
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
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Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
- F02M61/04—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00 having valves, e.g. having a plurality of valves in series
- F02M61/08—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00 having valves, e.g. having a plurality of valves in series the valves opening in direction of fuel flow
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M51/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by being operated electrically
- F02M51/06—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle
- F02M51/061—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means
- F02M51/0625—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means characterised by arrangement of mobile armatures
- F02M51/0635—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means characterised by arrangement of mobile armatures having a plate-shaped or undulated armature not entering the winding
- F02M51/0642—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means characterised by arrangement of mobile armatures having a plate-shaped or undulated armature not entering the winding the armature having a valve attached thereto
- F02M51/0653—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means characterised by arrangement of mobile armatures having a plate-shaped or undulated armature not entering the winding the armature having a valve attached thereto the valve being an elongated body, e.g. a needle valve
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
- F02M61/16—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
- F02M61/20—Closing valves mechanically, e.g. arrangements of springs or weights or permanent magnets; Damping of valve lift
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M63/00—Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
- F02M63/0012—Valves
- F02M63/0057—Means for avoiding fuel contact with valve actuator, e.g. isolating actuators by using bellows or diaphragms
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M2200/00—Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
- F02M2200/16—Sealing of fuel injection apparatus not otherwise provided for
Definitions
- This invention relates to fuel injectors for internal combustion engines.
- Figure 1 is a schematic depiction of a pintle-type, solenoid actuated fuel injector.
- a body 10 is formed with a fuel inlet 12 at one end and a seat 14 at the other.
- a pintle 16 cooperates with the seat 14 to form an outlet valve and nozzle.
- the pintle 16 is normally biased closed in the direction Y by a spring 18, and is opened for fuel injection by a solenoid actuator 20 acting on an armature 22 to move the pintle in the -Y direction.
- Hydraulic forces produced by the fuel pressure within the body 10 produce a net force on the pintle in the -Y direction on a surface enclosed by diameter D.
- the hydraulic forces assist in opening of the pintle but resist closing. Therefore for opening the actuator must overcome the spring force plus some friction force minus the net hydraulic force. This means that, for the same spring force, as fuel pressure is reduced the actuator has to overcome more force and opening becomes more difficult or even impossible. Also, reducing the fuel pressure reduces the speed of opening and increases the speed of closing.
- the present invention seeks to meet this problem by the fuel injector structure defined in claim 1.
- an O-ring forms a seal between the body 10 and an enlarged area 16a of the pintle 16, this seal being on the diameter D.
- the body 10 is formed with a bypass passage 26 which conducts fuel from the fuel inlet 12 to the area beneath the O-ring 24.
- the actuator 20 is opposed by the spring force alone (plus any frictional forces) under all circumstances.
- the actuator 20 and armature 22 are now dry which increases freedom of material choice.
- Figure 3 is similar, but a metal bellow seal 28 is used instead of the O-ring 24.
- a bypass passage is not used.
- An auxiliary spring/seal 30 bears on the top of the pintle 16.
- the spring/seal 30 is forms a closed partition with respect to the interior of the injector body 10 while being open to ambient pressure via an aperture 32, and may for example by pressed from spring steel.
- the function of the spring/seal 30 is to apply a load to the pintle on the -Y direction, which load varies with hydraulic pressure within the injector body 10.
- the spring/seal 31 applies a -Y force governed by its shape and material. As hydraulic pressure rises, this tends to displace the spring/seal 30 in the +Y direction, lessening its force on the pintle 16.
- the invention may be applied to a fuel injector with an inwardly-opening valve member rather than an outwardly-opening pintle, and to a fuel injector actuated hydraulically or mechanically rather than by a solenoid.
- the actuator can be dry, allowing a wider choice of materials; this could improve performance and reduce cost.
- the invention allows the actuator to be optimised only for speed, which permits the package size to be reduced.
Abstract
Description
- This invention relates to fuel injectors for internal combustion engines.
- Current engine developments, directed at reducing emissions and improving fuel efficiency, are leading to requirements for greater accuracy and greater speed in the operation of fuel injection equipment.
- Figure 1 is a schematic depiction of a pintle-type, solenoid actuated fuel injector. A
body 10 is formed with afuel inlet 12 at one end and aseat 14 at the other. Apintle 16 cooperates with theseat 14 to form an outlet valve and nozzle. Thepintle 16 is normally biased closed in the direction Y by aspring 18, and is opened for fuel injection by asolenoid actuator 20 acting on anarmature 22 to move the pintle in the -Y direction. - Hydraulic forces produced by the fuel pressure within the
body 10 produce a net force on the pintle in the -Y direction on a surface enclosed by diameter D. The hydraulic forces assist in opening of the pintle but resist closing. Therefore for opening the actuator must overcome the spring force plus some friction force minus the net hydraulic force. This means that, for the same spring force, as fuel pressure is reduced the actuator has to overcome more force and opening becomes more difficult or even impossible. Also, reducing the fuel pressure reduces the speed of opening and increases the speed of closing. - A similar situation applies to fuel injectors with other types of actuator and outlet valve.
- When cranking the engine, hydraulic pressure is not yet available and thus injector opening becomes more difficult. This opening while cranking is of course crucial. It is therefore generally a requirement that the injector is able to open at very low system pressures, which in turn requires that the solenoid or other actuator can supply sufficient force. At the same time, to fulfil minimum and maximum fuelling requirements, the actuator switching times must be very short. Mostly, in trying to meet these requirements a trade-off between maximum force and speed has to be found, and both requirements remain difficult or impossible to meet simultaneously.
- The present invention seeks to meet this problem by the fuel injector structure defined in claim 1.
- Other features and advantages of the present invention will be apparent from the claims and from the following description of exemplary embodiments.
- In the drawings:
- Figure 1 shows a prior art injector, as discussed above;
- Figure 2 is a schematic cross-sectional side view of a fuel injector forming a first embodiment of the invention;
- Figure 3 is a schematic cross-sectional side view of a fuel injector forming a second embodiment of the invention;
- Figure 4 is a schematic cross-sectional side view of a fuel injector forming a third embodiment of the invention; and
- Figure 5 is a schematic cross-section of a further embodiment.
-
- In Figures 2-5, parts which are similar to those shown in Figure 1 are denoted by the same reference numerals and will not be further described unless necessary.
- Referring to Figure 2, an O-ring forms a seal between the
body 10 and an enlargedarea 16a of thepintle 16, this seal being on the diameter D. Thebody 10 is formed with abypass passage 26 which conducts fuel from thefuel inlet 12 to the area beneath the O-ring 24. In this way, the hydraulic forces on thepintle 16 are balanced independently of fuel pressure, and theactuator 20 is opposed by the spring force alone (plus any frictional forces) under all circumstances. Also, theactuator 20 andarmature 22 are now dry which increases freedom of material choice. - Figure 3 is similar, but a
metal bellow seal 28 is used instead of the O-ring 24. - In Figure 4, a bypass passage is not used. An auxiliary spring/
seal 30 bears on the top of thepintle 16. The spring/seal 30 is forms a closed partition with respect to the interior of theinjector body 10 while being open to ambient pressure via anaperture 32, and may for example by pressed from spring steel. - The function of the spring/
seal 30 is to apply a load to the pintle on the -Y direction, which load varies with hydraulic pressure within theinjector body 10. When there is no hydraulic pressure, the spring/seal 31 applies a -Y force governed by its shape and material. As hydraulic pressure rises, this tends to displace the spring/seal 30 in the +Y direction, lessening its force on thepintle 16. - A similar arrangement is shown in Figure 5, the spring/
seal 30 being replaced by apiston 34 sealedly sliding in abore 36 and biased by anauxiliary spring 38. - In principle, the same effect could be achieved by replacing the
spring 18 with a spring whose biasing force varies with the surrounding pressure. - Modifications may be made to the foregoing embodiments within the scope of the invention as defined in the claims. For example, the invention may be applied to a fuel injector with an inwardly-opening valve member rather than an outwardly-opening pintle, and to a fuel injector actuated hydraulically or mechanically rather than by a solenoid.
- As noted above, in some embodiments the actuator can be dry, allowing a wider choice of materials; this could improve performance and reduce cost. By eliminating or mitigating hydraulic effects, the invention allows the actuator to be optimised only for speed, which permits the package size to be reduced.
Claims (9)
- A fuel injector comprising a body (10) defining a fuel inlet (12) and a valve seat (14), a valve member (16) movable with respect to the valve seat (14), and an actuator (20) for selectively moving the valve member (16) between open and closed positions
characterised by hydraulic force equalising means (24,26,28;30;34,36,38) arranged to counter the effects of hydraulic forces caused by fuel pressure within the injector. - A fuel injector according to claim 1, in which the hydraulic force equalising means comprises a bypass passage (26) extending between the fuel inlet (12) and a location on the valve member (16) which is located between the valve seat (14) and a seal (24;28) formed between the valve member (16) and the valve body (10), said seal (24;28) having a diameter selected to give a desired hydraulic force in one direction.
- A fuel injector according to claim 2, in which the seal comprises an O-ring (24).
- A fuel injector according to claim 2, in which the seal comprises a bellows seal (28).
- A fuel injector according to claim 1, including a main spring (18) urging the valve member (16) in the closing direction, and in which said hydraulic force equalising means comprises an auxiliary spring (30;38) arranged to urge the valve member (16) in the opening direction with a force which decreases as fuel pressure with the injector rises.
- A fuel injector according to claim 5, in which the auxiliary spring comprises a spring/seal (30) forming a curvilinear partition wall separating the injector interior and fuel pressure therein from ambient, the spring/seal (30) bearing on the inboard end of the valve member (16).
- A fuel injector according to claim 5, in which the auxiliary spring comprises a coil spring (38) bearing upon a piston (34), the piston (34) being exposed to ambient at one end and to fuel pressure within the injector at the other end, and bearing upon the inboard end of the valve member (16).
- A fuel injector according to any preceding claim, in which the valve member is an outwardly-opening pintle (16).
- A fuel injector according to any preceding claim, in which the actuator comprises a solenoid (20).
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP04256547A EP1602825A1 (en) | 2004-06-03 | 2004-10-22 | Fuel injector |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP04253311 | 2004-06-03 | ||
EP04253311A EP1602824A1 (en) | 2004-06-03 | 2004-06-03 | Fuel injector |
EP04256547A EP1602825A1 (en) | 2004-06-03 | 2004-10-22 | Fuel injector |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1602825A1 true EP1602825A1 (en) | 2005-12-07 |
Family
ID=35456038
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP04256547A Withdrawn EP1602825A1 (en) | 2004-06-03 | 2004-10-22 | Fuel injector |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1602825A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1783358A1 (en) * | 2005-11-02 | 2007-05-09 | Delphi Technologies, Inc. | Fuel injector |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0404345A1 (en) * | 1989-06-21 | 1990-12-27 | General Motors Corporation | Fuel-injection assembly |
US5203538A (en) * | 1990-10-31 | 1993-04-20 | Yamaha Hatsudoki Kabushiki Kaisha | Solenoid valve device |
US6311950B1 (en) * | 1999-04-20 | 2001-11-06 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Fluid metering device |
WO2002038948A1 (en) * | 2000-11-13 | 2002-05-16 | Siemens Vdo Automotive Corporation | Magneto-hydraulic compensator for a fuel injector |
US6431472B1 (en) * | 2000-12-21 | 2002-08-13 | Caterpillar Inc. | Fuel injector nozzle with outwardly opening check valve |
US20040004139A1 (en) * | 2000-11-02 | 2004-01-08 | Bernhard Fischer | Fluid dosing device with a throttle point |
-
2004
- 2004-10-22 EP EP04256547A patent/EP1602825A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0404345A1 (en) * | 1989-06-21 | 1990-12-27 | General Motors Corporation | Fuel-injection assembly |
US5203538A (en) * | 1990-10-31 | 1993-04-20 | Yamaha Hatsudoki Kabushiki Kaisha | Solenoid valve device |
US6311950B1 (en) * | 1999-04-20 | 2001-11-06 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Fluid metering device |
US20040004139A1 (en) * | 2000-11-02 | 2004-01-08 | Bernhard Fischer | Fluid dosing device with a throttle point |
WO2002038948A1 (en) * | 2000-11-13 | 2002-05-16 | Siemens Vdo Automotive Corporation | Magneto-hydraulic compensator for a fuel injector |
US6431472B1 (en) * | 2000-12-21 | 2002-08-13 | Caterpillar Inc. | Fuel injector nozzle with outwardly opening check valve |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1783358A1 (en) * | 2005-11-02 | 2007-05-09 | Delphi Technologies, Inc. | Fuel injector |
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Legal Events
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PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
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AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IT LI LU MC NL PL PT RO SE SI SK TR |
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AX | Request for extension of the european patent |
Extension state: AL HR LT LV MK |
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RAP1 | Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred) |
Owner name: DELPHI TECHNOLOGIES, INC. |
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17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 20060104 |
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AKX | Designation fees paid |
Designated state(s): AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IT LI LU MC NL PL PT RO SE SI SK TR |
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17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 20080625 |
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STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN |
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18D | Application deemed to be withdrawn |
Effective date: 20081106 |