EP1596130A1 - Device for damping thermoacoustic oscillations in a combustion chamber with a variable resonator frequency - Google Patents

Device for damping thermoacoustic oscillations in a combustion chamber with a variable resonator frequency Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1596130A1
EP1596130A1 EP04011552A EP04011552A EP1596130A1 EP 1596130 A1 EP1596130 A1 EP 1596130A1 EP 04011552 A EP04011552 A EP 04011552A EP 04011552 A EP04011552 A EP 04011552A EP 1596130 A1 EP1596130 A1 EP 1596130A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
resonator
wall
gas turbine
volume
combustion chamber
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Granted
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EP04011552A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1596130B1 (en
Inventor
Sven Dr. Bethke
Tobias Dr. Buchal
Michael Dr. Huth
Hans-Jürgen Dr. Kiesow
Harald Nimptsch
Bernd Dr. Prade
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Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23M—CASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F23M20/00—Details of combustion chambers, not otherwise provided for, e.g. means for storing heat from flames
    • F23M20/005—Noise absorbing means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for continuous combustion chambers; Combustion processes therefor
    • F23R2900/00014—Reducing thermo-acoustic vibrations by passive means, e.g. by Helmholtz resonators

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device for damping of acoustic vibrations in combustion chambers and in particular a device for damping acoustic vibrations in gas turbines with adjustable resonator frequency.
  • a gas turbine plant in the simplest case comprises a compressor, a combustion chamber and a turbine.
  • the compressor there is a compression of sucked air, which subsequently a fuel is added.
  • the combustion chamber there is a combustion of the mixture, wherein the Combustion gases are supplied to the turbine, of the Combustion exhausted energy and into mechanical energy is implemented.
  • thermoacoustic Vibrations can increase. It can become a rocking interaction between thermal and acoustic Disruptions come, the high loads of the combustion chamber and can cause rising emissions.
  • thermoacoustic vibrations therefore in the prior art e.g. Helmholtz resonators for Damping used - within a certain frequency band - Effectively dampen the amplitude of vibrations.
  • Such Helmholtz resonators attenuate depending on the cross-sectional area of the connecting tube and the resonator volume in particular the amplitude of vibrations with the Helmholtz frequency. For more different frequencies leaves the effect strong with increasing frequency difference to.
  • thermoacoustic vibrations At e.g. Use of different fuels, in the partial load range or when you start the system, the Frequencies under which amplified thermoacoustic vibrations occur. At the same damping device then this does not work in the most favorable way Operating point and can the occurring thermoacoustic No longer dampen vibrations optimally. The remaining Thermoacoustic vibrations lead to a higher emission of pollutants and to a higher noise level.
  • thermoacoustic vibrations in combustion chambers and in particular a device for damping of thermoacoustic vibrations in gas turbines
  • Resonator frequency for damping thermoacoustic oscillations is adjustable.
  • An inventive device for damping thermoacoustic Vibrations in combustion chambers include at least a resonator. At least part of a wall of the resonator is mobile to adjust a resonator volume.
  • the invention offers many advantages.
  • it is with a device according to the invention possible, with a simple Construction of the resonator adjustability of the resonator frequency to ensure. Complicated internals like in the prior art are not needed.
  • the basic construction of the resonator according to the invention is easy.
  • the cross section does not have to be known from the previously known Resonators differ, allowing for structural adjustments not necessary for receiving the resonator are.
  • the device according to the invention in by the Design frequency different vibrations higher damping Properties after the resonator volume accordingly is adapted.
  • Conventional resonators offer this adaptability Not.
  • the resonator is essentially a Helmholtz resonator educated. This is advantageous because Helmholtz resonators offer many possibilities in the construction.
  • c is the speed of sound in the medium
  • V is the volume of the resonator chamber
  • L is the length
  • S is the area of the resonator tube between the resonator chamber and the surroundings.
  • the volume V thus influences the resonant frequency of the resonator. Increasing the volume causes a reduction in the resonator frequency and vice versa.
  • the resonator frequency can be adapted to changing conditions.
  • the movable part of the wall in particular longitudinally displaceable.
  • the mobile part of the wall can, for example. be threaded. Then, by a simple Screwing the longitudinal displacement of the mobile Part of the wall causes and so the volume of the resonator be set exactly. Such a screwing may also be possible during operation, which is offers particularly great advantages.
  • the portable Part formed as part of the rear wall. This can according to the previously described training also performed screwed be. It is also possible and preferred that essentially the entire back wall of the resonator is mobile and is designed in particular longitudinally movable. At a e.g. essentially cylindrical resonator chamber can by moving the back wall facing the resonator tube the volume of the resonator chamber is very effective to be influenced.
  • the portable Part of the wall designed as a kind of piston.
  • the resonator cavity may be a substantially cylindrical tube be formed, in which of the resonator tube opposite Side a piston or the like introduced is to change the volume of the resonator. Then can a linear movement to control the resonator volume suffice. Furthermore, a linear relationship can arise between the path traveled by the wall or the piston and Resonator volume result.
  • a movement or adjusting device by means of which the mobile part of the wall is hydraulically or electrically movable.
  • the mobile part of the wall by means of the movement device controllable. Then the portable part in Dependence on a predefined manipulated variable one position taking. In other developments is an automatic Adjustment of the mobile part. Especially preferred is also a control device, depending on of measured resonances an automatic adjustment of the movable part of the wall causes, so that within the control range ensures effective damping can be.
  • the invention relates to a gas turbine with at least a combustion chamber and at least one damping device for damping acoustic vibrations in at least a combustion chamber, wherein a frequency of the damping device is adjustable. At least part of a wall of the Resonator is locatable to a resonator volume too change and to set a resonator frequency.
  • the mobile part of the wall the resonator accessible from outside the housing of the gas turbine.
  • the resonator may be at least partially outside be arranged of the housing of the gas turbine. It is also possible that the resonator is provided inside the housing is, and that the mobile part of the wall from the outside with e.g. a tool is accessible.
  • Fig. 1 shows a first embodiment of an inventive Device in a highly schematic representation.
  • Fig. 2 shows a second embodiment of an inventive Device in a highly schematic representation.
  • FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment of an inventive Device 1 for damping acoustic Vibrations in a combustion chamber 2 of a gas turbine 12 shown.
  • the device 1 is here in the example as a Helmholtz resonator 3 executed.
  • the Helmholtz resonator 3 has a Resonator neck 16, over which the Helmholtz resonator 3 with a Combustion chamber of a gas turbine in conjunction, and a Resonator 17 on.
  • the Helmholtz resonator has a resonator volume 5th
  • the resonator 3 is cylindrically symmetric executed with a longitudinal or central axis 7. But there are also embodiments possible, the no have such pronounced symmetry.
  • the resonator space 17 becomes toward the sides of the cylindrical Surrounded side wall 10.
  • a part 6 of the wall 4 is movable provided to change the size of the resonator volume and to adjust the resonator frequency.
  • the back wall 9 is displaced along the longitudinal axis 7. Will the rear wall in Moved towards the combustion chamber 2, so is the resonator volume 5 reduced and increases the resonator frequency. If, on the other hand, the rear wall is moved out and the resonator volume increases, so the resonant frequency of the resonator 3 decreased. About a change in location of the rear wall 9 is an effective change in the resonant frequency of the resonator possible, so that the resonator 3 to be damped Vibrations is customizable.
  • the rear wall 9 and the inner sides of the side walls 10 can be provided with a thread 8, so that by a or unscrewing the rear wall 9 is a change in location, to adjust the resonance frequency.
  • the adjustment can be done manually with a suitable tool or by hand after opening the turbine housing 13 done. This may only be during standstill the machine to drive the gas turbine to e.g. a changed one To adjust fuel composition.
  • this embodiment is the adaptation with a relatively low installation costs feasible, especially compared to the effort the replacement of entire resonators.
  • a controlled adjustment of the rear wall. 9 he follows.
  • the adjustment can also be automatic and also regulated respectively. It is possible, e.g. an electric motor that the Rear wall 9 in the thread 8 rotates to the resonator 5 adjust. Also, the use of a hydraulic adjusting device is possible. Through a controlled automatic adjustment the resonator volume is the expense for subsequent Setting the resonator volume particularly low held.
  • the resonator 3 in the interior 15 of a gas turbine 12 is arranged.
  • the Resonator 5 partially in the area 15 within the gas turbine and also partially in the area 14 outside the gas turbine 12 arranged.
  • the resonator 3 comprises a first resonance space 3a, which is disposed within the housing 13 of the gas turbine 12 is, and a second resonance space 3b, which in the area 14 is arranged outside of the housing 13.
  • Both resonance chambers 3a and 3b are interconnected by a connection channel 3c connected together and form the resonant cavity of the resonator Third
  • the rear wall 9 is designed here in the example as a piston 11, which is provided slidably within the resonator.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Soundproofing, Sound Blocking, And Sound Damping (AREA)

Abstract

The damper includes at least one resonator (3). At least part of a wall (6) of the resonator can change position to set the resonator volume. The resonator is a Helmholtz resonator. The movable part of the wall is preferably provided with a thread. An independent claim is included for a gas turbine.

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung zur Dämpfung von akustischen Schwingungen in Brennkammern und insbesondere eine Vorrichtung zur Dämpfung von akustischen Schwingungen in Gasturbinen mit einstellbarer Resonatorfrequenz.The present invention relates to a device for damping of acoustic vibrations in combustion chambers and in particular a device for damping acoustic vibrations in gas turbines with adjustable resonator frequency.

Eine Gasturbinenanlage umfasst im einfachsten Fall eine Verdichter, eine Brennkammer sowie eine Turbine. Im Verdichter erfolgt ein Verdichten von angesaugter Luft, welcher anschließend ein Brennstoff beigemischt wird. In der Brennkammer erfolgt eine Verbrennung des Gemisches, wobei die Verbrennungsabgase der Turbine zugeführt werden, von der den Verbrennungsabgasen Energie entzogen und in mechanische Energie umgesetzt wird.A gas turbine plant in the simplest case comprises a compressor, a combustion chamber and a turbine. In the compressor there is a compression of sucked air, which subsequently a fuel is added. In the combustion chamber there is a combustion of the mixture, wherein the Combustion gases are supplied to the turbine, of the Combustion exhausted energy and into mechanical energy is implemented.

Schwankungen in der Brennstoffqualität und sonstige thermische oder akustische Störungen führen jedoch zu Schwankungen in der freigesetzten Wärmemenge und damit der thermodynamischen Leistung der Anlage. Dabei liegt eine Wechselwirkung von akustischen und thermischen Störungen vor, die sich aufschwingen können. Derartige thermoakustische Schwingungen in den Brennkammern von Gasturbinen - oder auch Strömungsmaschinen im allgemeinen - stellen ein Problem bei dem Entwurf und bei dem Betrieb von neuen Brennkammern, Brennkammerteilen und Brennern für derartige Strömungsmaschinen dar.Fluctuations in fuel quality and other thermal or acoustic interference, however, lead to fluctuations in the amount of heat released and thus the thermodynamic Performance of the plant. There is an interaction of acoustic and thermal disturbances that soar can. Such thermoacoustic vibrations in the combustion chambers of gas turbines - or turbomachinery in general - pose a problem in the design and in the operation of new combustors, combustor parts and Burners for such turbomachines.

Um Schadstoffemmisionen zu verringern, wird in modernen Anlagen der Kühlmassenstrom verringert. Dadurch wird auch die akustische Dämpfung verringert, so dass thermoakustische Schwingungen zunehmen können. Dabei kann es zu einer sich aufschaukelnden Wechselwirkung zwischen thermischen und akustischen Störungen kommen, die hohe Belastungen der Brennkammer und steigende Emissionen verursachen können. To reduce pollutant emissions, is used in modern facilities the cooling mass flow is reduced. This is also the acoustic Attenuation is reduced, allowing thermoacoustic Vibrations can increase. It can become a rocking interaction between thermal and acoustic Disruptions come, the high loads of the combustion chamber and can cause rising emissions.

Zur Verringerung von thermoakustischen Schwingungen werden deshalb im Stand der Technik z.B. Helmholtz-Resonatoren zur Dämpfung eingesetzt, die - innerhalb eines bestimmten Frequenzbandes - die Amplitude von Schwingungen wirksam dämpfen.To reduce thermoacoustic vibrations therefore in the prior art e.g. Helmholtz resonators for Damping used - within a certain frequency band - Effectively dampen the amplitude of vibrations.

Derartige Helmholtz-Resonatoren dämpfen in Abhängigkeit von der Querschnittsfläche des Verbindungsrohres und vom Resonatorvolumen insbesondere die Amplitude von Schwingungen mit der Helmholtzfrequenz. Bei stärker abweichenden Frequenzen läßt die Wirkung mit zunehmendem Frequenzunterschied stark nach.Such Helmholtz resonators attenuate depending on the cross-sectional area of the connecting tube and the resonator volume in particular the amplitude of vibrations with the Helmholtz frequency. For more different frequencies leaves the effect strong with increasing frequency difference to.

Bei z.B. Verwendung unterschiedlicher Brennstoffe, im Teillastbereich oder beim Starten der Anlage verschieben sich die Frequenzen, unter denen verstärkte thermoakustische Schwingungen auftreten. Bei gleichbleibender Dämpfungsvorrichtung arbeitet diese dann nicht im vorausberechneten günstigsten Betriebspunkt und kann die auftretenden thermoakustischen Schwingungen nicht mehr optimal dämpfen. Die verbleibenden thermoakustischen Schwingungen führen zu einem höheren Schadstoffausstoß und zu einer höheren Lärmbelastung.At e.g. Use of different fuels, in the partial load range or when you start the system, the Frequencies under which amplified thermoacoustic vibrations occur. At the same damping device then this does not work in the most favorable way Operating point and can the occurring thermoacoustic No longer dampen vibrations optimally. The remaining Thermoacoustic vibrations lead to a higher emission of pollutants and to a higher noise level.

Aus der US 2002/0000343 A1 ist es bekannt geworden, einen Resonator mit einstellbarer Frequenz zur Verfügung zu stellen, bei dem das effektive Volumen des Resonanzraums einstellbar ist. Das wir erreicht, indem im Resonatorraum des Resonators ein hohler Körper vorgesehen ist, dessen Volumen über einen Faltenbalg veränderbar ist. Mit Ausfahren des Faltenbalgs vergrößert sich das Volumen des hohlen Körpers, wodurch das effektive Volumen des Resonanzraums des Resonators verkleinert wird. Darüber ist eine Frequenzeinstellung möglich.From US 2002/0000343 A1 it has become known, a resonator with adjustable frequency, in which the effective volume of the resonance chamber is adjustable is. We achieved this by placing in the resonator cavity of the resonator a hollow body is provided whose volume over a Bellows is changeable. With extension of the bellows increases the volume of the hollow body, causing the reduces the effective volume of the resonant cavity of the resonator becomes. In addition, a frequency setting is possible.

Nachteilig daran ist aber die aufwendige Konstruktion. Außerdem muß der Faltenbalg innerhalb des Resonators derartig ausgeführt sein, dass er den hohen Belastungen dauerhaft widersteht. The disadvantage of this is the complex construction. Furthermore The bellows must be carried out within the resonator in such a way be that he withstands the high loads permanently.

Es ist deshalb die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, eine Vorrichtung zur Dämpfung von thermoakustischen Schwingungen in Brennkammern und insbesondere eine Vorrichtung zur Dämpfung von thermoakustischen Schwingungen in Gasturbinen zur Verfügung zu stellen, bei welchen mit einfachen Mitteln die Resonatorfrequenz zur Dämpfung von thermoakustischen Schwingungen einstellbar ist.It is therefore the object of the present invention to provide a Device for damping thermoacoustic vibrations in combustion chambers and in particular a device for damping of thermoacoustic vibrations in gas turbines To provide, in which by simple means the Resonator frequency for damping thermoacoustic oscillations is adjustable.

Erfindungsgemäß wird diese Aufgabe durch eine Vorrichtung zur Dämpfung von thermoakustischen Schwingungen nach Anspruch 1 und durch eine Gasturbine nach Anspruch 9 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen sind Gegenstand der Unteransprüche.According to the invention this object is achieved by a device for Damping of thermoacoustic oscillations according to claim 1 and solved by a gas turbine according to claim 9. advantageous Further developments are the subject of the dependent claims.

Eine erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung zur Dämpfung von thermoakustischen Schwingungen in Brennkammern umfaßt mindestens einen Resonator. Wenigstens ein Teil einer Wandung des Resonators ist zur Einstellung eines Resonatorvolumens ortsveränderlich.An inventive device for damping thermoacoustic Vibrations in combustion chambers include at least a resonator. At least part of a wall of the resonator is mobile to adjust a resonator volume.

Die Erfindung bietet viele Vorteile. Insbesondere ist es mit einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung möglich, bei einer einfachen Konstruktion des Resonators eine Einstellbarkeit der Resonatorfrequenz zu gewährleisten. Komplizierte Einbauten wie im Stand der Technik werden nicht benötigt.The invention offers many advantages. In particular, it is with a device according to the invention possible, with a simple Construction of the resonator adjustability of the resonator frequency to ensure. Complicated internals like in the prior art are not needed.

Die Grundkonstruktion des erfindungsgemäßen Resonators ist einfach. Der Querschnitt muß sich nicht von den bislang bekannten Resonatoren unterscheiden, so dass konstruktive Anpassungen zur Aufnahme des Resonators nicht unbedingt nötig sind.The basic construction of the resonator according to the invention is easy. The cross section does not have to be known from the previously known Resonators differ, allowing for structural adjustments not necessary for receiving the resonator are.

Außerdem weist die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung bei von der Auslegungsfrequenz abweichenden Schwingungen höhere dämpfende Eigenschaften auf, nachdem das Resonatorvolumen entsprechend angepaßt ist. Konventionelle Resonatoren bieten diese Anpassungsmöglichkeit nicht. In addition, the device according to the invention in by the Design frequency different vibrations higher damping Properties after the resonator volume accordingly is adapted. Conventional resonators offer this adaptability Not.

Vorzugsweise ist der Resonator im Wesentlichen als Helmholtz-resonator ausgebildet. Das ist vorteilhaft, da Helmholtzresonatoren viele Möglichkeiten bei der Konstruktion bieten.Preferably, the resonator is essentially a Helmholtz resonator educated. This is advantageous because Helmholtz resonators offer many possibilities in the construction.

Die Resonanzfrequenz eines realen Helmholtz-Resonators ist näherungsweise gemäß der Gleichung f = c/ (2 π) (S/ (L' V))½ gegeben. Dabei ist c die Schallgeschwindigkeit im Medium, V das Volumen der Resonatorkammer, L die Länge und S die Fläche des Resonatorrohres zwischen Resonatorkammer und Umgebung. Das Volumen V beeinflußt somit die Resonanzfrequenz des Resonators. Eine Vergrößerung des Volumens bewirkt eine Verringerung der Resonatorfrequenz und umgekehrt. Durch eine Veränderung des Resonatorvolumens kann deshalb die Resonatorfrequenz an veränderte Bedingungen angepaßt werden.The resonant frequency of a real Helmholtz resonator is approximately in accordance with the equation f = c / (2π) ( S / ( L ' V )) ½ given. Where c is the speed of sound in the medium, V is the volume of the resonator chamber, L is the length, and S is the area of the resonator tube between the resonator chamber and the surroundings. The volume V thus influences the resonant frequency of the resonator. Increasing the volume causes a reduction in the resonator frequency and vice versa. By changing the resonator volume, therefore, the resonator frequency can be adapted to changing conditions.

Durch die erfindungsgemäße Ortsveränderlichkeit einer Wandung des Resonators wird das Resonatorvolumen und damit direkt die Resonatorfrequenz beeinflußt. Eine genaue Justage ist möglich.The inventive movement of a wall of the resonator becomes the resonator volume and thus directly the Resonator frequency affected. An exact adjustment is possible.

In einer vorteilhaften Weiterbildung der Erfindung ist der ortsveränderliche Teil der Wandung insbesondere längsverschiebbar. Der ortsveränderliche Teil der Wandung kann bspw. mit einem Gewinde versehen sein. Dann kann durch einen einfachen Schraubvorgang die Längsverschiebung des ortsveränderlichen Teils der Wandung bewirkt und so das Volumen des Resonators genau eingestellt werden. Ein derartiger Schraubvorgang ist unter Umständen auch im laufenden Betrieb möglich, was besonders große Vorteile bietet.In an advantageous embodiment of the invention is the movable part of the wall in particular longitudinally displaceable. The mobile part of the wall can, for example. be threaded. Then, by a simple Screwing the longitudinal displacement of the mobile Part of the wall causes and so the volume of the resonator be set exactly. Such a screwing may also be possible during operation, which is offers particularly great advantages.

In einer weiteren Ausgestaltung ist der ortsveränderliche Teil als Teil der Rückwand ausgebildet. Dieser kann gemäß der vorhergehend beschriebenen Weiterbildung auch schraubbar ausgeführt sein. Es ist auch möglich und bevorzugt, dass im Wesentlichen die gesamte Rückwand des Resonators ortsveränderlich und insbesondere längsbeweglich ausgeführt ist. Bei einer z.B. im Wesentlichen zylindrischen Resonatorkammer kann durch das Bewegen der Rückwand, die dem Resonatorrohr gegenüber liegt, das Volumen der Resonatorkammer sehr effektiv beeinflußt werden.In a further embodiment of the portable Part formed as part of the rear wall. This can according to the previously described training also performed screwed be. It is also possible and preferred that essentially the entire back wall of the resonator is mobile and is designed in particular longitudinally movable. At a e.g. essentially cylindrical resonator chamber can by moving the back wall facing the resonator tube the volume of the resonator chamber is very effective to be influenced.

In einer anderen Weiterbildung der Erfindung ist wenigstens ein Teil einer Seitenwand ortsveränderlich.In another embodiment of the invention is at least a part of a side wall movable.

Vorzugsweise ist insbesondere dann, wenn die Rückwand oder ein Teil derselben, beweglich ausgeführt ist, der ortsveränderliche Teil der Wandung als eine Art Kolben ausgeführt.Preferably, in particular, if the rear wall or a part of the same, is made movable, the portable Part of the wall designed as a kind of piston.

Wenn die gesamte Rückwand als verschiebbarer oder verdrehbarer Kolben ausgeführt ist, kann ein besonders einfacher Aufbau der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung erreicht werden. Dann kann der Resonatorraum als im Wesentlichen zylindrisches Rohr ausgebildet sein, in welches von der dem Resonatorrohr gegenüberliegenden Seite ein Kolben oder dergleichen eingeführt wird, um das Volumen des Resonators zu verändern. Dann kann eine lineare Bewegung zur Steuerung des Resonatorvolumens ausreichen. Weiterhin kann sich ein linearer Zusammenhang zwischen zurückgelegtem Weg der Wandung bzw. des Kolbens und Resonatorvolumen ergeben.If the entire back wall as a sliding or rotatable Piston is executed, a particularly simple structure the device according to the invention can be achieved. Then For example, the resonator cavity may be a substantially cylindrical tube be formed, in which of the resonator tube opposite Side a piston or the like introduced is to change the volume of the resonator. Then can a linear movement to control the resonator volume suffice. Furthermore, a linear relationship can arise between the path traveled by the wall or the piston and Resonator volume result.

In einer bevorzugten Weiterbildung aller Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung ist eine Bewegungs- bzw. Stelleinrichtung vorgesehen, mittels derer der ortsveränderliche Teil der Wandung hydraulisch oder elektrisch bewegbar ist.In a preferred embodiment of all embodiments of Invention is provided a movement or adjusting device, by means of which the mobile part of the wall is hydraulically or electrically movable.

In einer einfachen Ausgestaltung dieser Weiterbildung ist der ortsveränderliche Teil der Wandung mittels der Bewegungseinrichtung steuerbar. Dann kann der ortsveränderliche Teil in Abhängigkeit von einer vorgegebenen Stellgröße eine Position einnehmen. In anderen Weiterbildungen erfolgt eine automatische Verstellung des ortsveränderlichen Teiles. Besonders bevorzugt ist auch eine Regeleinrichtung, die in Abhängigkeit von gemessenen Resonanzen eine automatische Verstellung des ortsveränderlichen Teiles der Wandung bewirkt, so dass innerhalb des Regelbereiches eine wirksame Dämpfung gewährleistet werden kann.In a simple embodiment of this development is the mobile part of the wall by means of the movement device controllable. Then the portable part in Dependence on a predefined manipulated variable one position taking. In other developments is an automatic Adjustment of the mobile part. Especially preferred is also a control device, depending on of measured resonances an automatic adjustment of the movable part of the wall causes, so that within the control range ensures effective damping can be.

Weiterhin betrifft die Erfindung eine Gasturbine mit wenigstens einer Brennkammer und wenigstens einer Dämpfungsvorrichtung zur Dämpfung von akustischen Schwingungen in wenigstens einer Brennkammer, wobei eine Frequenz der Dämpfungsvorrichtung einstellbar ist. Wenigstens ein Teil einer Wandung des Resonators ist ortsveränderlich, um ein Resonatorvolumen zu verändern und um eine Resonatorfrequenz einzustellen.Furthermore, the invention relates to a gas turbine with at least a combustion chamber and at least one damping device for damping acoustic vibrations in at least a combustion chamber, wherein a frequency of the damping device is adjustable. At least part of a wall of the Resonator is locatable to a resonator volume too change and to set a resonator frequency.

Vorteilhafterweise ist der ortsveränderliche Teil der Wandung des Resonators von außerhalb des Gehäuses der Gasturbine zugänglich. Dazu kann der Resonator wenigstens teilweise außerhalb des Gehäuses der Gasturbine angeordnet sein. Es ist auch möglich, dass der Resonator innerhalb des Gehäuses vorgesehen ist, und dass der ortsveränderliche Teil der Wandung von außen mit z.B. einem Werkzeug zugänglich ist.Advantageously, the mobile part of the wall the resonator accessible from outside the housing of the gas turbine. For this purpose, the resonator may be at least partially outside be arranged of the housing of the gas turbine. It is also possible that the resonator is provided inside the housing is, and that the mobile part of the wall from the outside with e.g. a tool is accessible.

Bevorzugt sind Weiterbildungen, bei denen die Position des ortsveränderlichen Teils der Wandung von außen steuer- und/oder regelbar sind.Preferred are developments in which the position of the movable part of the wall from the outside and / or are controllable.

Obwohl die Erfindung hier insgesamt mit Bezug auf Gasturbinen beschrieben wird, ist der Einsatz nicht auf Gasturbinen beschränkt. Es ist ebenso möglich, die Erfindung bei anderen Strömungsmaschinen einzusetzen.Although the invention is here in its entirety with respect to gas turbines is described, the use is not limited to gas turbines. It is also possible to use the invention in others Use turbomachinery.

Weitere Merkmale, Eigenschaften und Vorteile der vorliegenden Erfindung ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung der Ausführungsbeispiele unter Bezugnahme auf die beiliegenden Zeichnungen. Other features, characteristics and advantages of the present Invention will become apparent from the following description of the Embodiments with reference to the accompanying Drawings.

Fig. 1 zeigt ein erstes Ausführungsbeispiel einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung in einer stark schematischen Darstellung.Fig. 1 shows a first embodiment of an inventive Device in a highly schematic representation.

Fig. 2 zeigt ein zweites Ausführungsbeispiel einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung in einer stark schematischen Darstellung.Fig. 2 shows a second embodiment of an inventive Device in a highly schematic representation.

In Figur 1 ist ein erstes Ausführungsbeispiel einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung 1 zur Dämpfung von akustischen Schwingungen in einer Brennkammer 2 einer Gasturbine 12 dargestellt.1 shows a first embodiment of an inventive Device 1 for damping acoustic Vibrations in a combustion chamber 2 of a gas turbine 12 shown.

Die Vorrichtung 1 ist hier im Beispiel als Helmholtz-Resonator 3 ausgeführt. Der Helmholtz-Resonator 3 weist einen Resonatorhals 16, über den der Helmholtz-Resonator 3 mit einer Brennkammer einer Gasturbine in Verbindung steht, und einen Resonatorraum 17 auf. Der Helmholtz-Resonator hat ein Resonatorvolumen 5.The device 1 is here in the example as a Helmholtz resonator 3 executed. The Helmholtz resonator 3 has a Resonator neck 16, over which the Helmholtz resonator 3 with a Combustion chamber of a gas turbine in conjunction, and a Resonator 17 on. The Helmholtz resonator has a resonator volume 5th

Im dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel ist der Resonator 3 zylindersymmetrisch mit einer Längs- bzw. Mittelachse 7 ausgeführt. Es sind aber auch Ausgestaltungen möglich, die keine derart ausgeprägte Symmetrie aufweisen.In the illustrated embodiment, the resonator 3 is cylindrically symmetric executed with a longitudinal or central axis 7. But there are also embodiments possible, the no have such pronounced symmetry.

Der Resonatorraum 17 wird zu den Seiten hin von der zylindrischen Seitenwand 10 umgeben. Ein Teil 6 der Wandung 4 ist bewegbar vorgesehen, um die Größe des Resonatorvolumens zu verändern und um die Resonatorfrequenz anzupassen. Hier im Beispiel ist die gesamte Wandung 4, die als Rückwand 9 dient, bewegbar. Es ist aber auch möglich, dass nur ein zentraler Abschnitt oder dergleichen bewegbar ausgeführt ist.The resonator space 17 becomes toward the sides of the cylindrical Surrounded side wall 10. A part 6 of the wall 4 is movable provided to change the size of the resonator volume and to adjust the resonator frequency. Here in the example is the entire wall 4, which serves as a rear wall 9, movable. But it is also possible that only one central Section or the like is designed to be movable.

Zur Größenveränderung des Resonatorvolumens wird die Rückwand 9 entlang der Längsachse 7 verschoben. Wird die Rückwand in Richtung auf die Brennkammer 2 verschoben, so wird das Resonatorvolumen 5 verkleinert und die Resonatorfrequenz vergrößert. Wird hingegen die Rückwand herausbewegt und das Resonatorvolumen vergrößert, so wird die Resonanzfrequenz des Resonators 3 verringert. Über eine Ortsveränderung der Rückwand 9 ist eine effektive Veränderung der Resonanzfrequenz des Resonators möglich, so dass der Resonator 3 an die zu dämpfenden Schwingungen anpassbar ist.To change the size of the resonator volume, the back wall 9 is displaced along the longitudinal axis 7. Will the rear wall in Moved towards the combustion chamber 2, so is the resonator volume 5 reduced and increases the resonator frequency. If, on the other hand, the rear wall is moved out and the resonator volume increases, so the resonant frequency of the resonator 3 decreased. About a change in location of the rear wall 9 is an effective change in the resonant frequency of the resonator possible, so that the resonator 3 to be damped Vibrations is customizable.

Durch die entsprechende Volumenanpassung kann auf veränderte Bedingungen, wie z.B. eine veränderte Brennstoffzusammensetzung reagiert und eine Anpassung der Resonanzfrequenz durchgeführt werden.By the appropriate volume adjustment can be changed to Conditions, such as an altered fuel composition reacts and carried out an adjustment of the resonant frequency become.

Die Rückwand 9 und die Innenseiten der Seitenwände 10 können mit einem Gewinde 8 versehen sein, so dass durch ein Hinein- oder Herausschrauben der Rückwand 9 eine Ortsveränderung erfolgt, um die Resonanzfrequenz anzupassen.The rear wall 9 and the inner sides of the side walls 10 can be provided with a thread 8, so that by a or unscrewing the rear wall 9 is a change in location, to adjust the resonance frequency.

Die Verstellung kann manuell mit einem geeigneten Werkzeug oder auch per Hand nach Öffnen des Turbinengehäuses 13 erfolgen. Das kann unter Umständen nur während des Stillstandes der Maschine erfolgen, um die Gasturbine auf z.B. eine veränderte Brennstoffzusammensetzung einzustellen. In dieser Ausgestaltung ist die Anpassung mit einem relativ geringen Montageaufwand durchführbar, insbesondere im Vergleich zum Aufwand des Austausches ganzer Resonatoren.The adjustment can be done manually with a suitable tool or by hand after opening the turbine housing 13 done. This may only be during standstill the machine to drive the gas turbine to e.g. a changed one To adjust fuel composition. In this embodiment is the adaptation with a relatively low installation costs feasible, especially compared to the effort the replacement of entire resonators.

Es ist ebenso möglich, dass mittels einer Stelleinrichtung (nicht dargestellt) ein gesteuertes Verstellen der Rückwand 9 erfolgt. Die Verstellung kann auch automatisch und auch geregelt erfolgen. Möglich ist z.B. ein Elektromotor, der die Rückwand 9 in dem Gewinde 8 dreht, um das Resonatorvolumen 5 einzustellen. Auch der Einsatz einer hydraulischen Stelleinrichtung ist möglich. Durch eine gesteuerte automatische Verstellung des Resonatorvolumens wird der Aufwand zur nachträglichen Einstellung des Resonatorvolumens besonders gering gehalten. It is also possible that by means of an adjusting device (not shown) a controlled adjustment of the rear wall. 9 he follows. The adjustment can also be automatic and also regulated respectively. It is possible, e.g. an electric motor that the Rear wall 9 in the thread 8 rotates to the resonator 5 adjust. Also, the use of a hydraulic adjusting device is possible. Through a controlled automatic adjustment the resonator volume is the expense for subsequent Setting the resonator volume particularly low held.

Bei dem in Fig. 1 gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel ist der Resonator 3 im Inneren 15 einer Gasturbine 12 angeordnet.In the embodiment shown in Fig. 1, the resonator 3 in the interior 15 of a gas turbine 12 is arranged.

Bei dem in Figur 2 dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel ist der Resonator 5 teilweise im Bereich 15 innerhalb der Gasturbine und auch teilweise im Bereich 14 außerhalb der Gasturbine 12 angeordnet. Der Resonator 3 umfaßt einen ersten Resonanzraum 3a, der innerhalb des Gehäuses 13 der Gasturbine 12 angeordnet ist, und einen zweiten Resonanzraum 3b, der im Bereich 14 außerhalb des Gehäuses 13 angeordnet ist. Beide Resonanzräume 3a und 3b sind durch einen Verbindungskanal 3c miteinander verbunden und bilden insgesamt den Resonanzraum des Resonators 3.In the embodiment shown in Figure 2 is the Resonator 5 partially in the area 15 within the gas turbine and also partially in the area 14 outside the gas turbine 12 arranged. The resonator 3 comprises a first resonance space 3a, which is disposed within the housing 13 of the gas turbine 12 is, and a second resonance space 3b, which in the area 14 is arranged outside of the housing 13. Both resonance chambers 3a and 3b are interconnected by a connection channel 3c connected together and form the resonant cavity of the resonator Third

Im Unterschied zum dargestellten Beispiel kann in einer anderen Ausgestaltung der Resonatorraum auch mit gleichbleibendem Querschnitt durch das Gehäuse 13 nach außen ragen.In contrast to the example shown, in another Embodiment of the resonator also with a constant Cross-section through the housing 13 protrude outward.

Die Rückwand 9 ist hier im Beispiel als Kolben 11 ausgeführt, der innerhalb des Resonators verschiebbar vorgesehen ist. Durch eine Bewegung des Kolbens 11 wird das Volumen 5b des Resonanzraums 3b des Resonators 3 beeinflußt, das Teil des Resonatorvolumens 5 ist. Über eine Bewegung des Kolbens kann deshalb wirksam das Resonatorvolumen 5 eingestellt werden.The rear wall 9 is designed here in the example as a piston 11, which is provided slidably within the resonator. By a movement of the piston 11, the volume 5b of the Resonant space 3b of the resonator 3 affects the part of Resonatorvolumens 5 is. About a movement of the piston can Therefore, the resonator volume 5 can be effectively adjusted.

Eine solche konstruktive Ausführung, bei der ein verstellbarer Kolben oder dergleichen eingesetzt wird, bietet erhebliche Vorteile. Wenn die Rückwand bzw. das verstellbare Teil von außerhalb des Gehäuses zugänglich ist, kann mit geringem Aufwand eine Einstellung der Wirk- bzw. Resonanzfrequenz erfolgen. Je nach Betriebsbedingungen kann eine Einstellung auch beim laufenden Betrieb nachträglich oder auch online durchgeführt werden.Such a constructive design, in which an adjustable Piston or the like is used, offers considerable Advantages. If the rear wall or the adjustable part accessible from outside the case can be low Effort a setting of the active or resonant frequency done. Depending on the operating conditions, a setting also during operation later or online be performed.

Eine derartige einfache Verstellbarkeit ist insbesondere vorteilhaft bei der Prototyperprobung und auch bei der Inbetriebnahme. Eine erheblicher Vorteil der einfachen Einstellbarkeit ergibt sich auch bei stark unterschiedlichen Betriebsbedingungen, hervorgerufen z.B. durch starke Umgebungstemperaturänderungen oder durch den Betrieb mit unterschiedlichen Brennstoffen.Such simple adjustability is particularly advantageous during prototype testing and also during commissioning. A significant advantage of easy adjustability even with very different operating conditions, caused e.g. due to strong ambient temperature changes or by operating with different ones Fuels.

Mit einer geregelten automatischen Verstellung können Schwingungen besonders effektiv gedämpft werden.With a controlled automatic adjustment can vibrations be damped particularly effectively.

Claims (11)

Vorrichtung (1) zur Dämpfung von thermoakustischen Schwingungen in Brennkammern (2) mit mindestens einem Resonator (3), dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass wenigstens ein Teil (6) einer Wandung (4) des Resonators (3) zur Einstellung eines Resonatorvolumens (5) ortsveränderlich ist.Device (1) for damping thermoacoustic oscillations in combustion chambers (2) with at least one resonator (3), characterized in that at least a part (6) of a wall (4) of the resonator (3) for adjusting a resonator (5) spatially variable is. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Resonator (3) im Wesentlichen als Helmholtzresonator ausgebildet ist.Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the resonator (3) is designed substantially as a Helmholtz resonator. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der ortsveränderliche Teil (6) der Wandung (4) längsverschiebbar ist.Apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the spatially variable part (6) of the wall (4) is longitudinally displaceable. Vorrichtung nach mindestens einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der ortsveränderliche Teil (6) der Wandung (4) mit einem Gewinde (8) versehen ist.Device according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the mobile part (6) of the wall (4) is provided with a thread (8). Vorrichtung nach mindestens einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass wenigstens ein Teil (6) einer Rückwand (9) ortsveränderlich ist.Device according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least a part (6) of a rear wall (9) is spatially variable. Vorrichtung nach mindestens einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass wenigstens ein Teil (6) einer Seitenwand (10) ortsveränderlich ist.Device according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least a part (6) of a side wall (10) is spatially variable. Vorrichtung nach mindestens einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet,
der ortsveränderliche Teil (6) der Wandung (4) als Kolben (11) ausgeführt ist. Device according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized
the movable part (6) of the wall (4) is designed as a piston (11). Vorrichtung nach mindestens einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine Bewegungseinrichtung vorgesehen ist, mittels derer der ortsveränderliche Teil (6) der Wandung (4) vorzugsweise hydraulisch oder elektrisch bewegbar ist.Device according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a movement device is provided, by means of which the movable part (6) of the wall (4) is preferably hydraulically or electrically movable. Gasturbine (12) mit wenigstens einer Brennkammer (2) und wenigstens einem Resonator (3) zur Dämpfung von akustischen Schwingungen in der Brennkammer (2), dadurch ge- kennzeichnet, dass wenigstens ein Teil (6) einer Wandung (4) des Resonators (3) zur Einstellung eines Resonatorvolumens (3) ortsveränderlich ist, um eine Resonatorfrequenz einzustellen.Gas turbine (12) having at least one combustion chamber (2) and at least one resonator (3) for damping acoustic oscillations in the combustion chamber (2), characterized ge - indicates that at least a part (6) of a wall (4) of the resonator ( 3) is movable to set a resonator volume (3) to set a resonator frequency. Gasturbine (12) nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Resonator (3) wenigstens teilweise außerhalb (14) eines Gehäuse (13) der Gasturbine (12) angeordnet ist.Gas turbine (12) according to claim 9, characterized in that the resonator (3) at least partially outside (14) of a housing (13) of the gas turbine (12) is arranged. Gasturbine nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der ortsveränderliche Teil (6) der Wandung (4) des Resonators (3) von außerhalb (14) des Gehäuses (13) der Gasturbine (12) zugänglich ist.Gas turbine according to claim 10, characterized in that the spatially variable part (6) of the wall (4) of the resonator (3) from outside (14) of the housing (13) of the gas turbine (12) is accessible.
EP04011552.9A 2004-05-14 2004-05-14 Device for damping thermoacoustic oscillations in a combustion chamber with a variable resonator frequency Expired - Lifetime EP1596130B1 (en)

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DE10058688A1 (en) 2000-11-25 2003-01-02 Alstom Switzerland Ltd Damper arrangement for reducing combustion chamber pulsations
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DE102005062284B4 (en) 2005-12-24 2019-02-28 Ansaldo Energia Ip Uk Limited Combustion chamber for a gas turbine
CN104204677A (en) * 2012-03-30 2014-12-10 阿尔斯通技术有限公司 Combustion chamber seal segments equipped with damping devices
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WO2016044135A1 (en) * 2014-09-15 2016-03-24 Alstom Technology Ltd Combustor dome damper system
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EP3410014A1 (en) * 2017-05-31 2018-12-05 Ansaldo Energia S.p.A. Tile holder for a combustor of a gas turbine

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