EP1595121A2 - Dehnungssensor, insbesondere für einen piezokeramischen biegewandler - Google Patents
Dehnungssensor, insbesondere für einen piezokeramischen biegewandlerInfo
- Publication number
- EP1595121A2 EP1595121A2 EP04709593A EP04709593A EP1595121A2 EP 1595121 A2 EP1595121 A2 EP 1595121A2 EP 04709593 A EP04709593 A EP 04709593A EP 04709593 A EP04709593 A EP 04709593A EP 1595121 A2 EP1595121 A2 EP 1595121A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- electrode
- strain sensor
- separating layer
- projection
- electrodes
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920006254 polymer film Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000446313 Lamella Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004870 electrical engineering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- HFGPZNIAWCZYJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead zirconate titanate Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Ti+4].[Zr+4].[Pb+2] HFGPZNIAWCZYJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052451 lead zirconate titanate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011089 mechanical engineering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B7/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques
- G01B7/16—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. by resistance strain gauge
- G01B7/22—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. by resistance strain gauge using change in capacitance
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
- G01L1/14—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations in capacitance or inductance of electrical elements, e.g. by measuring variations of frequency of electrical oscillators
- G01L1/142—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations in capacitance or inductance of electrical elements, e.g. by measuring variations of frequency of electrical oscillators using capacitors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N30/00—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices
- H10N30/20—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices with electrical input and mechanical output, e.g. functioning as actuators or vibrators
- H10N30/204—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices with electrical input and mechanical output, e.g. functioning as actuators or vibrators using bending displacement, e.g. unimorph, bimorph or multimorph cantilever or membrane benders
Definitions
- Strain sensor especially for a piezoceramic bending transducer
- the invention relates to a strain sensor, in particular for a piezoceramic bending transducer.
- the invention further relates to a piezoceramic bending transducer with such a strain sensor.
- a strain sensor is understood to be a generally electronic component from which a measurement variable can be tapped that changes in a characteristic manner depending on the mechanical strain or contraction of the strain sensor.
- a so-called strain gauge use in which the strain-dependent ohmic resistance of an electrical conductor contained in the strain gauge is used as a measurement variable.
- interdigital structure is common.
- the term interdigital structure is understood to mean a two-dimensional capacitive structure with an expansion-dependent capacitance.
- a common alternative to a strain sensor is a so-called film sensor, in which a plastic film is coated on both sides with an electrode in the manner of a plate capacitor.
- the capacitance of the film sensor which is dependent on the stretch of the film, serves as the measurement variable.
- a film sensor is comparatively cheap to manufacture.
- the change in capacitance in a conventional film sensor under stretching is disadvantageously only comparatively weak, so that a precise strain measurement is only possible with a sensitive, and therefore generally comparatively expensive, measuring apparatus.
- Such a strain sensor is particularly often used in a piezoceramic bending transducer.
- a bending transducer as is known per se, for example, from DE 100 17 760 C1
- the inverse or reciprocal piezoelectric effect is used, in which an external electric field is the cause of a linear electromechanical interaction between the mechanical and the electrical states of a crystal Crystal deforming mechanical tension generated.
- the most common piezoelectric materials are manufactured on the basis of the ferroelectric crystal lead zirconate titanate Pb (Zr x Ti (i- x) ) O 3 .
- the piezoelectric material is processed in polycrystalline form to produce a piezoelectrically active ceramic.
- a bending transducer consists of at least two layers, of which at least a first layer is piezoelectrically active, i.e. deforms mechanically when an electrical voltage is applied.
- a bending transducer often also includes a passive layer. If an electrical voltage is applied to the first layer of a piezoceramic bending transducer, this layer is shortened or lengthened, while the passive layer remains constant in length. If the bending transducer comprises several active layers, these are controlled in different ways, so that the aspect ratio of the layers changes here too. In this way, a bending or curvature of the bending transducer can be generated by applying an electrical voltage, which can be used for drive or actuation purposes.
- bending transducers are used in particular in the fields of electrical engineering, mechanical engineering, acoustics, automation technology, communications technology, information technology and automotive engineering as well as in a wide range of other areas of application.
- a bending transducer Particularly for applications that require high precision, it is common to equip a bending transducer with a strain sensor.
- the strain sensor is usually applied to an outer surface of the bending transducer, so that it is stretched or compressed depending on the bending direction when the bending transducer is bent. It is thus possible to determine the deflection of the bending transducer by stretching or compressing the strain sensor.
- a deflection control is useful, for example, in order to detect a possible thermal bending of the bending transducer and, if necessary, to compensate for it.
- the invention is based on the object of specifying an inexpensive strain sensor, in particular for a piezoceramic bending transducer, which enables a particularly precise determination of the elongation or compression of the bending transducer allowed.
- the invention is also based on the object of specifying an inexpensive bending transducer equipped with such a strain sensor.
- the object is achieved according to the invention by the features of claim 1.
- the strain sensor comprises a first electrode and a second electrode spaced from it, as well as a separating layer that separates the electrodes and is electrically insulating from one another.
- At least one electrode has a relief-like volume structure on its surface facing the separating layer.
- the surface with which the electrode rests on the separating layer is enlarged compared to a flat electrode.
- the change in capacitance is accordingly particularly large, which enables a particularly precise measurement of the strain.
- a particularly high electrical field occurs at the edges or tips of the volume structure when an electrical voltage is applied.
- the electrostatic conditions change particularly strongly in these fields where the strain sensor is stretched or contracted. Edges or tips of the volume structure thus contribute to a decisive reinforcement of the change in capacitance of the strain sensor during its stretching or contraction.
- Areas of the electrode surface with a particularly high surface curvature are referred to here as edges or tips.
- the volume structure has at least one lamella-like or finger-like projection.
- a plurality of such projections are preferably provided, so that the volume structure is given a pimpled or fur-like appearance.
- the surface enlargement is particularly pronounced compared to a flat surface of the same size.
- a particularly advantageous field elevation of the electric field is generated in the area of the tips of the projections.
- both electrodes advantageously have a relief-like volume structure, in particular provided with lamellar or finger-like projections. With regard to the mutual arrangement of these volume structures, there are in particular two advantageous embodiments.
- the volume structure of the two electrodes is matched to one another in such a way that a corresponding projection of the second electrode is provided for each or each projection of the first electrode, which projection is approximately flush with the first projection.
- the tips of these two projections are at a very close distance from one another, so that the field peaks generated in the area of both tips overlap and reinforce one another.
- the projections of the opposing electrodes are arranged offset from one another, so that a projection of the first electrode engages like a gear between adjacent projections of the second electrode, and vice versa. A particularly high capacity is achieved in this way.
- the two described forms of arrangement of the projections can be combined with one another in any desired mixed forms.
- the length of the or each projection corresponds to at least one third of the thickness or thickness of the separating layer.
- the thickness of the separating layer is hereby referred to its maximum extent along a direction perpendicular to the surface of the electrodes.
- the or each projection is embedded in the separating layer.
- the separating layer is expediently designed as a plastic film or polymer film. This allows inexpensive and simple manufacture of the strain sensor.
- a polymer film is also advantageous in terms of its good dielectric properties and good elasticity.
- a particularly suitable material for the separating layer is in particular polyimide.
- the bending transducer then comprises one passive carrier and an active ceramic block made of a piezoceramic material which is applied flatly thereon, the surface of the ceramic block facing away from the carrier carrying the strain sensor according to the invention.
- Such a bending transducer is comparatively inexpensive to manufacture and allows a particularly precise deflection control.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic longitudinal section of a piezoceramic bending transducer with a strain sensor
- FIG. 2 shows the strain sensor in an enlarged detail view II according to FIG. 1
- FIG. 3 shows an alternative embodiment of the strain sensor
- FIG. 4 in a representation according to FIG. 2, a further embodiment of the
- Fig. 1 shows schematically a piezoceramic bending transducer 1, which is provided with a strain sensor 2.
- the bending transducer 1 shown by way of example is a so-called mono or unimorph, which comprises a piezoelectrically passive carrier 3 and a ceramic block 4 made of a piezoelectrically active material that is applied flat thereon.
- the bending transducer 1 could also be designed in another common design, in particular as a bimorph or as a multimorph or as a trimorph.
- a bimorph or multimorph two or more piezoceramic layers are arranged side by side without intermediate layers.
- two piezoceramic layers are provided with a passive intermediate layer arranged between them.
- the ceramic block 4 is preferably designed in a so-called multilayer or multilayer technology.
- the individual layers (not shown in detail) of the ceramic block 4 are oriented to one another in this way, and the electrodes are polarized in such a way that the individual layers are deformed in the same way when a bending voltage is applied to the electrodes.
- the multilayer technology allows - compared to a piezoceramic monoblock - the generation of higher electric fields with the same bending stress, and thus a greater deformation of the bending transducer 1.
- the strain sensor 2 is applied to the surface 5 of the ceramic block 4 facing away from the carrier 3.
- the strain sensor 2 comprises two flat electrodes 6 and 7, which are aligned parallel and at a distance from one another.
- the intermediate space formed between the electrodes 6 and 7 is filled with a separating layer 8, which consists of an insulating polymer material, in particular polyimide.
- the separating layer 8 has a substantially constant thickness D.
- the strain sensor 2 is thus simulated in a simplified view of a plate capacitor.
- the electrode 6 according to FIG. 2 has a relief-like volume structure 10 on its surface 9 facing the separating layer 8.
- the volume structure 10 comprises a multiplicity of projections 11 (only two of which are shown) that extend from the electrode 6 protrude from the separating layer 8 and are embedded in it, that is to say in particular completely surrounded by the material of the separating layer 8.
- the or each projection 11 is optionally designed in the manner of a lamella and is in particular elongated in this case in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the drawing.
- the projection 11 is also designed in the manner of a finger, a rod or a knob and thus extends essentially one-dimensionally from the electrode 6 approximately in the direction of the electrode 7.
- Each projection 11 extends in particular over more than half the thickness D of the separating layer 8 and is provided with a strongly curved tip 12.
- the strain sensor 2 forms an electrical capacitor which, owing to the volume structure 10, has an increased capacitance compared to a plate capacitor of the same dimension. Furthermore, when an electrical voltage is applied to the electrodes 6 and 7, an electrical field is formed in the area of the tips 12, the strength of which is excessive compared to the areas of the separating layer 8 remote from the tips.
- both electrodes 6 and 7 are provided with a relief-like volume structure 10, each of which has a plurality of projections 11.
- a corresponding projection 11 of the electrode 7 is provided for each projection 11 of the electrode 6.
- the two corresponding projections 11 are approximately flush with one another, so that their tips 12 face each other at a short distance.
- Each protrusion 11 extends over at least one third of the thickness D of the separating layer 8.
- the separating layer 8 has a thickness D of 13 to 20 micrometers.
- the length of the protrusions 11, i.e. their extension in the direction perpendicular to the surface of the electrodes 6 and 7 is approximately 5 to 7 micrometers.
- a field elevation area 13 is again formed, in which the field contributions emanating from the two peaks 12 overlap and reinforce one another.
- both electrodes 6 and 7 are also provided with a volume structure 10 each comprising a plurality of projections 11.
- the outgoing from the electrode 6 Protrusions 11 are arranged offset with respect to the protrusions 11 extending from the electrode 7, so that the protrusions 11 of the electrode 7 engage between the protrusions of the electrode 6 in a gear-like manner. This results in a particularly large effective capacitor area.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Measurement Of Length, Angles, Or The Like Using Electric Or Magnetic Means (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE10307360A DE10307360A1 (de) | 2003-02-21 | 2003-02-21 | Dehnungssensor, insbesondere für einen piezokeramischen Biegewandler |
| DE10307360 | 2003-02-21 | ||
| PCT/EP2004/001202 WO2004074798A2 (de) | 2003-02-21 | 2004-02-10 | Dehnungssensor, insbesondere für einen piezokeramischen biegewandler |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1595121A2 true EP1595121A2 (de) | 2005-11-16 |
Family
ID=32891769
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP04709593A Withdrawn EP1595121A2 (de) | 2003-02-21 | 2004-02-10 | Dehnungssensor, insbesondere für einen piezokeramischen biegewandler |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1595121A2 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE10307360A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2004074798A2 (de) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102007021172B4 (de) * | 2007-05-05 | 2010-11-18 | Refractory Intellectual Property Gmbh & Co. Kg | Verwendung eines Sensors |
| JP6889412B2 (ja) * | 2018-07-19 | 2021-06-18 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 非水電解質二次電池、負極合材層の評価方法、および非水電解質二次電池の製造方法 |
Family Cites Families (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2654060A (en) * | 1950-01-20 | 1953-09-29 | Tinius Olsen Testing Mach Co | Capacity type strain gauge and method of manufacture |
| US2576488A (en) * | 1950-01-20 | 1951-11-27 | Tinius Olsen Testing Mach Co | Crimped plate capactance strain gauge |
| US2576489A (en) * | 1950-01-20 | 1951-11-27 | Tinius Olsen Testing Mach Co | Capacitance strain gauge |
| DE8815246U1 (de) * | 1988-12-07 | 1990-04-05 | Brunner, Wolfgang, Dipl.-Ing. (FH), 88167 Maierhöfen | Meßanordnung, vorzugsweise in Form einer Meßplattform |
| US4964306A (en) * | 1989-04-03 | 1990-10-23 | Sarcos Group | Field-based movement sensor |
| US5481184A (en) * | 1991-12-31 | 1996-01-02 | Sarcos Group | Movement actuator/sensor systems |
| US6432472B1 (en) * | 1997-08-15 | 2002-08-13 | Energenius, Inc. | Method of making semiconductor supercapacitor system and articles produced therefrom |
| DE19931990C1 (de) * | 1999-07-09 | 2001-01-11 | Festo Ag & Co | Elektroventil |
| DE10011312B4 (de) * | 1999-10-12 | 2004-10-07 | W.E.T. Automotive Systems Ag | Drucksensor |
-
2003
- 2003-02-21 DE DE10307360A patent/DE10307360A1/de not_active Ceased
-
2004
- 2004-02-10 WO PCT/EP2004/001202 patent/WO2004074798A2/de not_active Ceased
- 2004-02-10 EP EP04709593A patent/EP1595121A2/de not_active Withdrawn
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO2004074798A3 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2004074798A2 (de) | 2004-09-02 |
| WO2004074798A3 (de) | 2005-01-06 |
| DE10307360A1 (de) | 2004-10-07 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
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| 17P | Request for examination filed |
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| AX | Request for extension of the european patent |
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| GRAP | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1 |
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| RIN1 | Information on inventor provided before grant (corrected) |
Inventor name: SCHMID, ANDREAS |
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| RTI1 | Title (correction) |
Free format text: ELONGATION SENSOR, ESPECIALLY FOR A PIEZOCERAMIC FLEXION TRANSDUCER |
|
| DAX | Request for extension of the european patent (deleted) | ||
| STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN |
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| 18D | Application deemed to be withdrawn |
Effective date: 20060516 |