Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F41—WEAPONS
  • F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
  • F41H5/00—Armour; Armour plates
  • F41H5/02—Plate construction
  • F41H5/04—Plate construction composed of more than one layer
  • F41H5/0471—Layered armour containing fibre- or fabric-reinforced layers
  • F41H5/0485—Layered armour containing fibre- or fabric-reinforced layers all the layers being only fibre- or fabric-reinforced layers
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
  • Y10T442/20—Coated or impregnated woven, knit, or nonwoven fabric which is not [a] associated with another preformed layer or fiber layer or, [b] with respect to woven and knit, characterized, respectively, by a particular or differential weave or knit, wherein the coating or impregnation is neither a foamed material nor a free metal or alloy layer
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
  • Y10T442/20—Coated or impregnated woven, knit, or nonwoven fabric which is not [a] associated with another preformed layer or fiber layer or, [b] with respect to woven and knit, characterized, respectively, by a particular or differential weave or knit, wherein the coating or impregnation is neither a foamed material nor a free metal or alloy layer
  • Y10T442/2615—Coating or impregnation is resistant to penetration by solid implements
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
  • Y10T442/20—Coated or impregnated woven, knit, or nonwoven fabric which is not [a] associated with another preformed layer or fiber layer or, [b] with respect to woven and knit, characterized, respectively, by a particular or differential weave or knit, wherein the coating or impregnation is neither a foamed material nor a free metal or alloy layer
  • Y10T442/2615—Coating or impregnation is resistant to penetration by solid implements
  • Y10T442/2623—Ballistic resistant
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
  • Y10T442/30—Woven fabric [i.e., woven strand or strip material]
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
  • Y10T442/30—Woven fabric [i.e., woven strand or strip material]
  • Y10T442/3854—Woven fabric with a preformed polymeric film or sheet

Definitions

• the present invention relates to an anti-penetration flexible composite material.
• the present invention relates to a high flexible composite material having high ballistic properties and very comfortable anti-ballistic articles, produced with this material.
• Articles resistant to penetration generally consist of a series of overlying layers of particular ballistic fabrics.
• ballistic fabrics are made with high tenacity and resistant fibres amongst which the ara idic, polyethylene or polybenzobisoxazole type are preferred.
• the fibres can be arranged in different constructions, which are well known in the art such as the warp and weft structure to give a woven fabric or such as the uni, multi or semidirectional structures.
• the above fibres are generally present in the form of weft-warp fabrics or unidirectional, semi-unidirectional, bi-axial or multi-axial fabrics.
• the propagation of a shock wave occurs along the fibres of the surface layers of the ballistic fabric struck by the bullet.
• the propagation rate of the shock wave, and consequently the energy absorption mechanism is directly correlated to the modulus of the fibre and to the sound propagation rate along the fibres themselves.
• This wave propagation phenomenon has a time duration in the order of micro-seconds and has the main purpose of deforming the bullet.
• the ballistic structure deforms and adsorbs an additional part of energy.
• resin finishing treatment is effected on the fibres.
• the function of the resin is to allow the energy transfer between the fibrils of the fibres by means of delamination processes between fibril and resin. This consequently improves the energy absorption.
• a typical example of a ballistic fabric of the weft- warp type with resin is described in American patent U.S. 6,127,291.
• the use of another type of fabric for ballistic pur- poses, the so-called unidirectional fabric whose fibres are impregnated with a solid matrix which contributes to increasing shock-resistance, is also known, for example from American patent U.S. 4,173,138.
• a unidirectional ballistic fabric having a polymeric matrix of an elastomeric nature, in particular made of Kraton, with a modulus lower than about 41,300 kPa, is also known from U.S. patent 4,623,574.
• U.S. Pat. No. 5,090,053 discloses a composite shock absorbing material for use in impact absorbing bumpers, protective sporting equipment and in protective garments, comprising a open mesh array formed by a plurality of intersecting interconnected strands and a plurality of plies of said mesh secured in overlying relation, wherein each of said strands has a core surrounded by a visco- elastic polymer which preferably consists of sorbothane, a solid polymer. It disclosed that the composite material can be provided with a cooling system for fluid passages interconnected at each strand intersection the open mesh array of the composite is not suitable to stop bullets or knives it can be used only as trauma liner. It is also known from U.S. Pat. No.
• a hard armour plate composite comprising a hard impact layer based on ceramic material attached to a sub-layer laminate being formed by a laminate of alternating fiber layers and metal plates.
• the fibers in the sub-layer laminate are impregnated with a bonding synthetic solid material having viscloelastic properties.
• the tangent of the loss angle ⁇ measured at 20°C and at a frequency of 1 Hertz has the values 0.01 ⁇ tangent ⁇ ⁇ 100 and the loss- shear modulus, in the same conditions, has the value 10 Pa ⁇ G" ⁇ 10 9 Pa.
• the disclosed armour plate composite is not flexible at all which results in a very rigid structure having a very low comfort.
• One of the general objectives of the present invention therefore consists in avoiding or reducing the incidence of some of the drawbacks of the ballistic articles of the known art, by providing an anti-penetration flexi- ble composite material.
• a further objective of the present invention consists in providing a ballistic article which is highly resistant to the penetration of bullets and sharpened bodies in general, with a high comfort of use.
• a last but not least important objective of the present invention consists in providing a bullet-proof vest which is flexible and comfortable also when worn for long periods of time and with a high resistance to the penetration of sharpened bodies.
• a first aspect of the present invention relates to an anti-penetration flexible composite material comprising a plurality of ballistic fibres arranged on overlying layers, in which at least a portion of said fibres is impregnated with a polymer in the form of a viscous or visco-elastic liquid which maintains its fluid characteristics.
• polymer refers to both a polymeric material and also a natural or synthetic resin, and their mixtures.
• fibre generally refers to an elongated body whose length is much greater than its transversal sec- tion.
• ballistic fibres comprise those fi- bres which are used for producing materials, fabrics, end-products and articles having a resistance to the penetration against bullets, cutting blades, screwdrivers, bayonets and any object generally having a pointed or sharpened form.
• ballistic fibres which can be used within the scope of the invention include fibres based on polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylonitrile, polybenzobisoxazole (PBO) , polyolefinic, polimidic, polyaramidic, polyamidic, carbon or glass fibres and their mixtures.
• Preferred ballistic fibres for the purposes of the invention are selected from aromatic polyamidic fibres (aramidic fibres) , polyethylene fibres, polybenzobisoxazole (PBO) fibres and their mixtures.
• aromatic polyamidic fibres aramidic fibres
• polyethylene fibres polyethylene fibres
• PBO polybenzobisoxazole
• the use of polyaramidic fibres is particularly preferred, as they have a high tenacity, conveniently equal to or higher than the value of 2,000 MPa.
• bal- listic fibres having an impact strength equal to at least 15 J/g, a modulus of at least 200 g/dtex, a breaking strength of at least 10 g/dtex, a count from 50 to 5,000 dtex and a count of the fibrils ranging from 0.5 to 20 dtex, is also advantageous.
• the fibres used in the flexible composite material of the invention can typically be in an impregnated, non- coated form, or they can be coated by other materials, for example polymeric materials.
• the fibres can be previously pre-treated, for example, pre- stretched, preheated or pre-wetted.
• the ballistic fibres of the material of the invention are arranged in one layer and -preferably in a plurality of overlying layers forming an anti-penetration multi-layer structure .
• the ballistic fibres can be arranged in different constructions, for example as a fabric of the unidirectional or multidirectional type, as a warp west fabric, as a semi- unidirectional or semi-multidirectional fabric in which at least 70% by weight of the fibres in the structure are aligned with the same direction, as a heddle fabric, as bi-axial or multi-axial fabric, as non-woven fabric, or as a felt.
• the layer of fibres can be made by means of differ- ent operating procedures, for example by traditional weft-warp looms, multi-axial looms, knitting looms, or unidirectional or bi-directional looms, needle-puncture machines, and other textile machines known to persons skilled in the art. It is also possible to use mixed techniques using one or more of the above machines.
• the composite material is in the form of a fabric preferably of the multi-axial type, in which the fibres have a high impact strength.
• the weight of these fabrics typi- cally ranges from 0.05 to 0.9 Kg/m 2 and preferably from 0.07 to 0.5 Kg/m 2 , values which allow a favourable ratio to be obtained between penetration resistance and weight.
• the ballistic protection can be conveniently increased by the superimposition of two or more network layers of fibres or by the superimposition of layers of fabric with different constructions.
• the layers of fibres can be sewn together in a series of layers or connected to each other with various connection means, for example by resorting to the use of cross-linkable plasto- meric, elastomeric or thermosetting crosslinkable resins or polymers or their mixtures, for example in the form of films, felts or powders.
• the layers of overlying fibres can be arranged at random or along predefined directions and angles with respect to the main direction of the fibres.
• the ballistic fibres or at least a portion thereof, are placed in contact or impregnated with a polymer in the form of a viscous, conveniently visco-elastic liquid which ain- tains its fluid characteristics, conveniently at all the working temperatures ..
• visco-elastic liquid refers to a liquid which has both an elastic and viscous behaviour. Viscous behaviour means that the liquid medium undergoes continuous deformation when subjected to shear stress and remains deformed even when the stress is no longer applied.
• Elastic behaviour means that the liquid medium un- dergoes deformation when subjected to shear stress and then returns to the original form when the stress is no longer applied.
• the material parameters used to describe a viscous or visco-elastic liquid are viscosity (with respect to the viscous behaviour) and elastic modulus (C ) and the loss of elastic modulus (C ' ) to describe the visco- elastic behaviour.
• the viscosity and modulus in a polymer are generally correlated to the shear rate, molecular weight, temperature, pressure, crystallinity, concentra- tion and composition.
• the dynamic viscosity of the fluid polymer used within the scope of the invention is advantageously greater than 250 mPa x s, and preferably ranges from 5,000 to 500,000 mPa*s and more preferably from 50,000 to 25,000,000 mPa*s at 25°C
• a kinematic viscos- ity of the fluid polymer used with the scope of the invention is advantageously grater than 200 cST.
• Tg glass transition temperature
• the liquid polymer used within the scope of the invention conveniently has a Tg lower than 0°C, and preferably ranges from -40°C to -128°C.
• the liquid polymer suitable for the present inven- tion is preferably chemically stable, stable to light, to degradation by the environment , not subject to spontaneous polymerization, not harmful for the health, hydrophobic, and conveniently has a negligible vapour pressure at mild temperatures (20-40°C) . Furthermore, the polymer of the invention conveniently maintains a high viscosity index correlated to the temperature.
• the liquid polymer has a liquid behaviour also at temperature lower than -40°C and preferably up to -128°C and has G' ' > G' , conveniently at all the temperatures and frequencies.
• a fibre is thus provided, which is in contact or impregnated or wetted with a polymer in the form of a viscous or visco-elastic liquid suitable for ballistic purposes.
• a flexible ballistic composite material which comprises a series of said ballistic fibres put in contact or impregnated with a polymer in the form of a viscous liquid or visco-elastic liquid.
• the ballistic fibres can be completely coated or impregnated with said liquid polymer or they can be only partially coated or impregnated.
• the coating of the ballistic fibres or portions thereof with the liquid polymer of the invention can be conveniently effected before the realization of the network of fibres or is preferably the sizing agent of the fibres.
• the liquid also acts as a spinning and weaving coadjuvant, i.e. as a finishing agent.
• the viscous or visco- elastic liquid can be dissolved in a suitable dissolving medium in order to control its viscosity before being applied to the fibres.
• the coating can be effected in various ways: for example by dipping the network of fibres in the liquid polymer , or alternatively the liquid polymer can be sprayed onto the surface through nozzles.
• Another possibility is to impregnate the network of fibres by passing it above a rotating cylinder wet by the liquid polymer.
• the solvent is conveniently evaporated before subjecting the network of fibres to possible additional process.
• the network of impregnated fibres can then be further processes by subjecting it to pressure and tempera- ture.
• the network can be subjected to temperature and pressure before and or after impregnation.
• fillers can be added to the viscous or visco-elastic liquid polymer, in the form of particles or similar, such as for example metallic powders, mineral-based powders, for example silicon carbide, calcium carbonate, silicon, silicon dioxide, micro-balloons, whiskers, in a quantities ranging, for example, from 0.1 to 300% by weight with respect to the weight of the resin.
• One or more thickening agents can also be added • to the viscous liquid polymer in order to modify the viscosity profile or provide thixotropy.
• polymers can be used which modify the viscosity, such as block polymers, paraffinic oils, waxes and their mixtures. It is also possible to add to the liquid polymer other substances suitable for providing specific characteristics to the network of fibres such as hydro-oil re- pellency, such as silicones, fluorocarbons and oils.
• the fillers and other polymers added must not however vary the physical state of the polymer of the invention.
• Polymers or resins in the form of a viscous or visco-elastic liquid which are suitable for the purposes of the invention comprise polyolefins, in particular polyalpha-olefins or modified polyolefins (among which polyethylene, polypropylene) , polyvinyl alcohol derivatives, polyisoprenes, polybutadienes, polybutenes, poly- isobutylenes, polyesters, polyacrylates, polyamides, polysulfones, polysulfides; polyurethanes, polycarbon- ates, polyfluoro-carbons, silicones, glycols, among which polypropylene and polyethylene glycol; liquid block copolymers such as polybutadiene-co-acrylonitrile, polysty- rene-polybutadiene-polystyrene, ethylene co-polypropylene, resins among which polyacrylic, epoxy, phenolic resins, optionally modified, and liquid rubbers.
• Particularly suitable fluid polymers advantageously have a molecular weight higher than or equal to 250, preferably ranging from 250 to 50,000 and however such as to maintain the fluid state and a high viscosity.
• Particularly suitable fluids within the scope of the invention are non-Newtonian liquid fluids, also thixotropic and preferably visco-elastic liquids.
• the polymer in the form of a viscous or visco-elastic liquid is present in quantities, conveniently ranging from 0.05% to 50% by weight with respect to the weight of the ballistic fibres and preferably from 5 to 30% by weight, with respect to the weight of the fibres.
• the rheological behaviour of the polybutene-based fluid polymer depends on the shear rate (deformation rate) , the frequency of load application and the temperature, according to the following preferred characterizatio : - from 100°C to 180°C the liquid, if subjected to a shear flow, shows Newtonian behaviour, i.e. characterized by a constant dynamic viscosity value (ratio between the stress applied and the deformation rate) up to shear rates close to 900 s ""1 , as illustrated in figure 1. With shear rates higher than 900 s _1 , the liquid shows a slight reduction in the viscosity (pseudo-plastic behaviour) .
• the elastic modulus (G' ) and the dissipative modulus (G' ' ) have a behaviour which reveals the predominance of the liq- uid/viscous behaviour with respect to the elastic modulus (G f '>G') at all the frequencies illustrated in figures 2, 3 and 4; the data relating to the elastic modulus (E' ) and the dissipative modulus (E' ' ) , obtained from compression measurements, also confirm the prevalently viscous nature of the liquid in question, as illustrated in figure 6.
• An extremely useful fabric for the purposes of the present invention is preferably obtained on a multi-axial loom and is made up of two or more layers of ballistic fibre interconnected by a polymeric film and optionally sewing threads.
• the fabric is bi-axial and has been made preferably with 1100 dtex aramidic yarn; during the deposition phase of the ballistic threads a polymeric film is conveniently inserted between the two adjacent layers of the threads themselves.
• the fabric is advantageously stabilized by means of sewing threads which bind the two layers of ballistic fibres and subse- quently is worked by calendering and impregnated by a liquid polymer and pressed with temperature .
• Typical pressure values during the calendering range from 5 to 50 bar, typical temperature values range from 75 to 150°C in relation on the type of polymer inserted between the two layers of fibres.
• the values obtained by the impregnation are in a quantity ranging from 10 to 30 g/m 2 ; an optional subsequent pressure applied on the fabric impregnated with liquid polymer, conveniently effected at 5/10 bar, homogenizes the distribution of the liquid polymer onto the fabric.
• the weight of the finished fabric is typically about 500 g/m 2 .
• the fabric is impregnated by total immersion in the liquid polymer, object of the present invention, with a quantity of about 20 gr/m 2 .
• the process ends with a calendaring which is effected on hot rolls at 100°C with a pressure of 1 bar.
• the fabric is made on tradi- tional weft-warp looms, as untraditional semi- unidirectional fabric, impregnated with liquid polymer and subsequently optionally pressed under heat.
• a film comprising a polymer selected from thermoplastic, thermosetting, elastomeric, crosslinkable or mixtures thereof, can be laminated on the surfaces of the fabric wet with the liquid resins by means of heat and temperature.
• the fabric is made up of two or more overlying layers of unidirectional or semi- unidirectional fibres (with an interlacing point angle typically ranging from 80 to 100°), between which a polymeric film is inserted; the fabric is treated with the liquid polymer of the invention and calendered and/or pressed.
• body armour is provided, in particular a bulletproof vest, made with the ballistic composite material as described above.
• protective end-products or articles are provided, comprising the ballistic composite material of the invention.
• a flexibility index was defined accord- ing to the following test: two flat horizontal surfaces are placed on top of one another, each being connected on one side by a zip. The dimension of the surfaces is equal to 660 x 50 mm.
• the above surfaces are supported by a vertical structure which crosses the horizontal surfaces on one side of the orientation surface.
• the network of fibres having dimensions of 400 x 400 mm is inserted between the two horizontal surfaces with one side parallel to the side of the horizontal surface.
• the distance from the side of the fibre network to the first side of the horizontal surface is equal to 100 mm.
• the flexibility index is the ratio of the horizontal distance of one side of a non-folded panel from the vertical surface and the distance of a folded panel from the vertical surface.
• a greater energy absorbed by the protection corresponds to a lesser energy transferred to the wearer of the vest.
• the rheological properties of the liquid were stud- ied using two different rheometers:
• the measuring systems were:
• the ballistic panel was prepared by superimposing 8 layers of +/- 45° biaxial fabric, an aramid 1100 dtex was used as ballistic yarn.
• a non-ballistic yarn was used to keep the fibres correctly aligned in each single layer.
• the main properties of the viscous liquid fluid are the following:
• the index of foldability or flexibility index for each layer was 0.400.
• the index of foldability or flexibility index for the pack was 0.433.
• the ballistic test was carried out following NIJ 01.01.003 class II shooting with 0.357 158 grs SJSP bullet. No perforation occurred.
• the registered trauma in the plasticine was 34 mm.
• EXAMPLE 2 The same network of example 1 was used with the only difference that the coating was made with an (acrylic) elastomeric polymer available on the market which have showed good ballistic performances.
• the index of foldability for each single layer was 0.480;
• the index of foldability for the pack was 0.581
• the index of foldability for each single layer was 0.127;
• the index of foldability for the pack was 0.133.
• the ballistic pack was made by simple superimposition of the said 23 layers. Total weight was 4,530 kg/m 2 The ballistic test was carried out following NIJ 01.01.003 for the class II shooting with 0.357 158 grs SJSP bullet. No perforation occurred. The registered trauma in the plasticine was 41 mm.
• EXAMPLE 4 24 layers of aramid based warp and wefts fabric named Style 802 (8.5 treads /cm in warp - 8.5 treads/cm in weft - count 1100 dtex - weight 190 g/m 2 in loom state) were impregnated with 7 g/m 2 of liquid viscous fluid as per example 1.
• the index of foldability for each layer was 0.127.
• the index of foldability for the pack was 0.133.
• the ballistic pack was made by superimposition of said 24 layers of fibres. Total weight was 4,728 kg/m 2
• the ballistic test was carried out following NIJ 01.01.003 for the class II shooting with 0.357 158 grs SJSP bullet. No perforation occurred.
• the registered trauma in the plasticine was 36 mm EXAMPLE 5 24 layers of the same aramid based warp and weft fabric Style 802 (8.5 treads/cm in warp and 8.5 treads/cm in weft - count 1100 dtex - weight 190 g/m 2 ) loom state were superimposed, without impregnation.
• the panel was central cross stitched with two small stitches of 50 mm. each.
• the weight was 4,560 kg/m 2 .
• the index of foldability for the pack was 0.233
• the ballistic test was made as per example 3. The test failed because the trauma exceeded the limits.
• EXAMPLE 6 24 layers of the aramid based warp and weft fabric Style 802 (8.5 threads/cm in warp and 8.5 threads/cm in weft; count 1100 dtex; weight 190 g/m 2 in loom state.. The pack was made by superimposing 24 layers and subsequently and stitching with two periferical sewing with aramid yarn.
• the index of foldability for the pack was 0,743. Total weight 4,560 kg/m 2 were used The test was carried out as per example 3. The registered trauma was 43 mm.
• EXAMPLE 7 24 layers of the aramid based warp and weft fabric Style 802 (8.5 threads/cm in warp and 8.5 threads/cm in weft; count 1100 dtex; weight 190 g/m 2 ) were superimposed without impregnation.
• the pack was sewn in a pattern of 40x40 mm with aramid yarn at 45° degrees in respect to the direction of the ballistic fibres.
• the fabric is made with aramid yarn 930 dtex.
• a plasto- meric film was inserted between the two substrates making the single layer.
• the two substrates have the ballistic fibres forming an angle of about 90°.
• the pack was made by superimposition of the said 22 layer to achieve a total weight of 4,950/kg per square meter.
• the index of foldability for each layer was 0.307.
• the index of foldability of the pack was 0.373.
• the index of foldability for each layer was 0.233
• the total weight was 5.065 m 2 .
• the index of foldability of each layer was 0.307.
• the index of foldability of the pack was 0.373.
• the ballistic test was carried out following NIJ 01.01.003 for the class II with 0.357 Magnun caliber SJSP bullet. No perforation was registered. The trauma was 38 mm.
• the quantity of polymer was 10 g/m 2 '
• the total weight was 5,130 kg/m 2 .
• the index of foldability for each layer was 0.500.
• the index of foldability of the pack was 0.443.
• EXAMPLE 12 A unidirectional construction with layer crossing at 90° and weighting 263 g/m 2 was made with 1100 dtex aramide fibres. A polyethylene film lied between the unidirec- tional sub-layers.
• Example 17 were superimposed.
• the total weight was 4.488 kg/m 2 .
• the index of foldability for the single layer was 0.717.
• the index of foldability of the pack was 0.740.
• the stratification was tested in order to achieve the limit of the perforation rate with a projectile of 9 mm.
• the ballistic limit found was 473 m/sec.
• Foldability index is comparable (0.307 compared to 0.233) when viscoelasticliquid fluid is applied and the bal- listic properties are superior when the polymeric liquid is applied (the non coated panel failed the test related to the trauma) even with inferior total specific weight.
• Example 10 and Example 11 By comparing a semi-uniweave fabric coated with a viscoelastic polymeric (polybutene) liquid to the same fabric coated with an elastomeric polymer in solid form, it is founded that the foldability is greater when the viscoelastic liquid is applied (0.307 compared to 0.500); the ballistic properties related to trauma are the same (38 mm. for both the solutions) .
• Comparison between Example 12 and Example 13 By comparing a bi-axial fabric composition impregnated with a viscoelastic liquid to the same fabric coated with an elastomeric polymer in solid form, it is founded:

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
• Laminated Bodies (AREA)
• Reinforced Plastic Materials (AREA)
• Polymers With Sulfur, Phosphorus Or Metals In The Main Chain (AREA)

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