EP1591985A2 - Dispositif d'affichage électromagnétique - Google Patents

Dispositif d'affichage électromagnétique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1591985A2
EP1591985A2 EP05007969A EP05007969A EP1591985A2 EP 1591985 A2 EP1591985 A2 EP 1591985A2 EP 05007969 A EP05007969 A EP 05007969A EP 05007969 A EP05007969 A EP 05007969A EP 1591985 A2 EP1591985 A2 EP 1591985A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
display
pixel
flap
pixels
display panel
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP05007969A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1591985A3 (fr
Inventor
Milan Bavec
Franc Justin
Janez Ropret
Janez Pirs
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Iskra Mehanizmi Industrija mehanizmov aparatov in sistemov dd
Original Assignee
Iskra Mehanizmi Industrija mehanizmov aparatov in sistemov dd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by Iskra Mehanizmi Industrija mehanizmov aparatov in sistemov dd filed Critical Iskra Mehanizmi Industrija mehanizmov aparatov in sistemov dd
Publication of EP1591985A2 publication Critical patent/EP1591985A2/fr
Publication of EP1591985A3 publication Critical patent/EP1591985A3/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09F—DISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS
    • G09F13/00—Illuminated signs; Luminous advertising
    • G09F13/20—Illuminated signs; Luminous advertising with luminescent surfaces or parts
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09F—DISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS
    • G09F9/00—Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements
    • G09F9/30—Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements in which the desired character or characters are formed by combining individual elements
    • G09F9/37—Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements in which the desired character or characters are formed by combining individual elements being movable elements
    • G09F9/375—Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements in which the desired character or characters are formed by combining individual elements being movable elements the position of the elements being controlled by the application of a magnetic field

Definitions

  • the objective of the invention are display elements for relatively large medium information content flat display panels, with high contrast, excellent visibility, wide viewing angle and inherent memory for traffic signs, buses' and trains' destination displays, large information display panels in airports, bus and railway stations, sporting events, etc.
  • the patent application is classified in the groups G09F 3/4 and G09F 9/37.
  • bistable electromagnetic display panels comply very well with the above objectives. Using visually highly contrasting surfaces on the selected picture elements and on the nonselected areas, these displays feature good contrast and excellent angular visibility in high ambient light conditions.
  • the electromagnetic displays are typically made as large matrix arrays of preferably square display pixels with movable flaps and built-in solenoids.
  • the "on” and “off” state of the flaps is indicated by visually highly contrasting colors.
  • By rotating the flap around the axis by means of the magnetic field one can display arbitrary patterns.
  • the magnetic driving of the pixels provides for the inherent memory, which is essential for keeping the power consumption within the required limits. In poor lighting conditions these displays need and additional illumination either by a standard light source (illuminating the entire display panel) or selective one illuminating each selected display pixel either through fiber optic network or by light emitting diodes built-in each display pixel.
  • the technical problem solved by the present invention is to provide a novel, low production cost construction, of an electromagnetic display, which allows significant reduction of the fabrication costs.
  • the electromagnetic display panels have been known for over two decades and are playing an important role in niche applications, where relatively large size, medium information content display panels, with high contrast and excellent visibility in rather high ambient lighting conditions are required.
  • the bistable electromagnetic display panels (US 3,871,945, US 4,577,427, US 4,860,470, EP 0 084 959, EP 0 731 435 A1, US 4,243,978, US 5,771,616, US 6,272,778, US 6,025,825, US 5,898,418, US 6,603,458,...), used for traffic signs, buses' and trains' destination displays, large information display panels in airports, bus and railway stations and sporting events seem to comply very well with the above requirements. Using bright reflective paints on the selected picture elements and mate black on the nonselected areas, these displays feature good contrast and excellent angular visibility in high ambient light conditions.
  • the operating principle of the present state-of-the-art solutions is predominantly based on the movable pixel flap rotating around the pivoting axis for typically ⁇ 180° just inward the mechanical limiting positions and having the size of the entire display pixel.
  • the flap is painted on its front and rear side with visually highly contrasting colors (EP 0327250, US 6,272,778, US 6,025,825, US 5,898,418,).
  • Each pixel is provided with a rotatably mounted, bistable tilting flap, which is asymmetrical in relation to its rotational axis.
  • the tilting flap covers one of the two portions of the panel surface in the pixel zone, when the flap lies in each of its two stable positions.
  • the side of the tilting flap facing the front side of the panel and the portion of the panel in the pixel zone covered by it are painted in one and the opposite side of the flap and the remaining part of the pixel zone are printed with different, highly contrasting color to the first one (US 6,603,458, DE 3501912C2, DE 3601018A1).
  • each tilting flap In order to switch between the "on” and “off” state of the display pixel these solution uses a permanent magnet inserted in each tilting flap in close proximity to the rotational axis.
  • the tilting flap is rotated from a first bistable position into a second bistable position by an electromagnet (3s+5) with a straight magnetic core, which is located on the reverse side of each display pixel.
  • an electromagnet 3s+5
  • a straight magnetic core which is located on the reverse side of each display pixel.
  • the present state-of-the-art electromagnetic displays require a very complicated production process, difficult for automation and therefore expensive.
  • the Patent US 5,771,616 teaches that a number of display pixels are bound together with joint, rigid sidewalls connecting a plurality of pixel elements together in a kind of a mainframe in order to make the assembling in larger display panels easier and with less demanding mechanical tolerances.
  • the U-shaped solenoids of particular display pixels are each of them constructed out of two magnetic wires inserted into the mainframe and only after the coils are wound around both of them, the said magnetic cores are joined in a final U-shaped magnetic yoke with additional ferromagnetic bar - a complex and hence expensive construction.
  • the rigid joint sidewall does not provide adequate support for the LEDs adjacent to each pixel element and an additional support is necessary for each LED.
  • the object of this invention is to provide display elements for an electromagnetic display allowing a low cost fabrication of the display.
  • the object is achieved with the display element according to claim 1.
  • the proposed concept is based on the display pixel integration in larger functional, basically monolithic blocks (Fig. 1a, b, c) joining several display pixels (preferably 5 or 7) in a display panel segment that can be mass-produced in an automatic process. They include all static plastic constituent parts of the display pixels joint in the above-mentioned monolithic blocks. They can be produced in a single production step using the injection molding process.
  • the said monolithic basic blocks include the segment pixel plate with pivoting axis bearings, solenoid body, driving PC board electrical contatcts' and mounting receptacles, etc.
  • the proposed concept reduces the number of constituent parts to minimum and also allows the other operations like solenoid winding, pixel flaps insertion, contacting/mounting pins injection, etc to be performed simultaneously for all pixel elements joint in the said basic display segment S.
  • the complete display panel (Fig. 2) can be later assembled from such display segments S, which keep a stable compact form with adequate dimensional tolerances allowing for easy assembling.
  • the efficiency of the electromagnetic system, used for selecting the "on” and “off” state of the individual display pixels, is according to the invention increased by two rather than one Nd-Fe-B plasto-ferrite permanent magnets built-in each of the flaps during the flap manufacturing injection molding process.
  • the said permanent magnets are magnetized in the opposite directions perpendicularly to the pivoting axes of the movable display pixel flaps.
  • the driving electromagnets for the said two permanent magnets have to be oriented in the opposite directions perpendicularly to the display pixel flap's surface.
  • the driving electromagnets for the said two permanent magnets have to be oriented in the opposite directions and can be efficiently replaced by a single U-shaped electromagnet, which is oriented along the pivoting axes of the flaps (see Fig. 4b) - unlike any other technical solution using U-shaped electromagnets (US 6,603,458, US 6,025,825, US 5,898,418, US 5,005,305).
  • U-shaped electromagnets US 6,603,458, US 6,025,825, US 5,898,418, US 5,005,305.
  • Electromagnetic display panel is composed of plurality of substantially square display pixels organized in MxN display matrix.
  • the display pixels are designed to provide visually highly contrasting surfaces in their bistable "ON” and “OFF” positions.
  • the current positions of the pixels are controlled by the built-in electromagnets allocated to each display pixel.
  • the pixels are shaped to conform generally to the square outline of the display panel matrix.
  • the pixels are divided in two parts.
  • Each pixel is provided with a rotatably mounted, bistable tilting flap, which is asymmetrical in relation to its rotational axis (see Fig. 6a,b).
  • the tilting flap covers one of the two portions of the panel surface in the pixel zone, when the flap lies in each of its two stable ("ON" and "OFF") positions.
  • the side of the tilting flap facing the front side of the panel and the portion of the panel in the pixel zone, which is covered by the tilting flap are painted with one color, which is highly contrasting to the color painted on the opposite side of the pixel flap and the other half of the pixel zone.
  • a permanent magnet is fitted to the tilting flap in close proximity to the rotational axis.
  • the tilting flap is displaced from a first stable position into a second stable position by an electromagnet, which is located on the reverse side of the panel and is allocated to the pixels.
  • the display panel is built from monolithic blocks 1 of multitude of display pixels ⁇ "display panel segments" S that can be mass-produced in an automatic process.
  • the complete display panel can be later assembled from such display segments S, which keep a stable compact form with adequate dimensional tolerances allowing for easy assembling into the final matrix display panel built on the main PC board 6 with the complete driving and display control electronics 7.
  • the static plastic constituent parts of the individual display pixels (including the segment pixel plates each of them being composed of two complementary surface areas 1a, 1b covered with highly contrasting colors, with pivoting axis bearings 1f, 1g, solenoid body 1e, driving PC board electrical contatcts' and mounting receptacles 1c, 1d, ...) joint in the above-mentioned display segments S are produced in a form of a "monolithic" block 1 using the injection molding process.
  • the pivoting axis bearings 1f, 1g on the monolithic block 1 have a special "snap in" design, as shown in detail on the Fig.
  • the shape of the movable flaps deviates from formally ideal triangular form, having rounded-off corners, as shown on the Figures 4 and 6.
  • the corners at the two "bearing" positions are rounded off just enough to simplify the molding tools manufacturing and increase of the yield of the production process (r > 1mm).
  • the third corner opposite to the pivoting axis is rounded off more (typically 10% ⁇ r > 3mm) in order to reduce the moment of inertia of the flap and increase its switching dynamics.
  • the moving flaps are connected together with spacers 19, which keep them positioned at exactly the same place/distance, as determined by the 14 pivoting axes' bearings 1f, 1g on the monolithic block 1 in order to optimize final display segment (7 pixels) assembling process.
  • the use of the plasto-ferrite materials allows the permanent magnet 2c (respectively 2c 1 , 2c 2 ) built-in the pixel flaps 2, to be produced as integral part of the said flaps 2 in a two-component injection molding process.
  • the permanent magnets 2c (respectively 2c 1 , 2c 2 ) built-in the pixel flaps 2 are oriented perpendicularly to the surfaces of the flaps 2a, 2b and are slightly displaced off the axial position (see Fig.
  • the core 3s (respectively 3u ) of the driving electromagnet (3s, respectively 3u+5) is oriented perpendicularly to the display pixel surface 1a, 1b and located exactly under and as close as possible to the pivoting axis 2d.
  • the described configuration is more or less identical in the case of the above-described rod-like driving electromagnets 3s with corresponding single permanent magnets 2c in the pixel flaps (see Fig. 4a), as well as in the case of the U-shaped core 3u driving electromagnet (3u+5) according to the invention with corresponding dual permanent magnets 2c 1 , 2c 2 in the pixel flaps 2, which is as follows:
  • the construction and the shape of the pixel flaps as well as their pivoting system are the same except that two permanent magnets 2c 1 , 2c 2 oriented antiparalelly with respect to each other are built-in each display pixel flap (see Fig. 4b).
  • the U-shaped core 3u electromagnet (3u+5) is located under the display pixel flap pivoting axis 2d as close as possible to the flap and parallel to the display pixel flap pivoting axis 2d .
  • the core 3u is inserted in the solenoid body 1e of the monolithic block 1 with a single solenoid 5 so that both ends of the U-shaped core 3u are located as close as possible to the permanent magnets 2c 1 , 2c 2 .
  • Such a configuration increases the stability of the two bistable positions (increased magnetic force) of the display pixel movable flaps and reduces magnetic stray fields and hence magnetic resistivity of the magnetic driving system. Furthermore such a configuration reduces the crosstalk between the neighboring display pixels.
  • Both configurations of the pixel flaps either the one using single permanent magnets and rod-like driving electromagnet (3s+5), as well as the one using dual permanent magnets and U-shaped core 3u based driving electromagnet (3s+5) according to the invention, finally result in increased efficiency of the display area (maximized display pixel size) and more compact design (effectively thinner display pixel elements) as compared to the technical solution US 5,771,616 and the like.
  • the "ON" positions of the display pixels - flap sides 2a, as well as the adjacent pixels surfaces 1a - are according to the invention optionally painted with the luminescent paint absorbing the light in the near UV light range and upon absorbing the UV light reemitting the light in the visible spectral range.
  • the color of the complementary flap sides 2b as well as the pixel sides 1b is chosen to be highly contrasting to the color of the said luminescent pixel side 2a and flap side 1a - preferably mate black color.
  • Such a solution replaces the use of discrete light sources (LEDs, fiber optic illumination,...) for each display pixel therefore strongly reducing the complexity of such a display panel, as only a small number of near UV light sources 9 are necessary to illuminate the entire display panel (Figs.
  • the further advantage of the new concept is that the reflected light, used for the display panel illumination, is hardly visible to the human eye and so the direct reflections from the dark, nonactivated background as well as from the outer transparent display panel protective cover is extremely low. This in turn results in extremely high display panel contrast in poor lighting conditions. As the light emitted from the display pixels is emitted in random directions, the angular visibility of such a display is excellent.
  • the electrical contacts 4a + 4b are inserted into the adequate receptacles in the monolithic block 1 each of them in a simultaneous automatic process step for each monolithic block 1 .
  • the coils of the solenoids 5 are wound on the solenoid bodies 1e of the "monolithic" display segment 1 simultaneously for all display pixels of the said segment 1 .
  • the magnetic cores 3s (respectively 3u ) are inserted into the receptacles 1e in the monolithic block 1
  • the pixel flaps' pivoting axes 2d are inserted in the bearings 1f, 1g simultaneously for the complete display segment S.
  • the complete display panel is assembled using the above described "monolithic display segments" S on the display panel main PC board 6 with the display panel driving and control electronic 7, which is finally built-in the display panel mainframe 8 as shown on the Fig. 2.
  • the said mainframe 8 can optionally contain additional light sources 9 and illumination equalizing filters 10 and/or 11 to allow for the display panel operation in low ambient lighting conditions (see Fig. 3).
  • the additional light sources preferably operate in the near UV light spectral range (in combination with the UV luminescent paint) as for example the "black-ray" lights or similar.
  • Electromagnetic bus destination display panel is typically composed of 1792 substantially square display pixels organized in 16 x 112 display matrix. Due to a reasonably large number of display pixels, the standard production concepts, based on assembling the constituent parts of individual display pixels directly on the display panel main PC board, turns out to be a complex and expensive operation. The following is a description of the display panel manufacturing out of the monolithic blocks comprising 7 display pixels corresponding to one column of the 5x7 display pixel matrix for a single ⁇ -numeric character (Examples 1, 2, 3, patent claims). In order to make the final assembling of the display panel easier, the said display segments S have to keep a stable compact form with adequate dimensional tolerances. According to the invention the latter is achieved by manufacturing all the static plastic constituent parts of the 7 display pixels in a single monolithic block 1 (see Fig 1a,b,c), which contains:
  • the above-specified monolithic block 1 is manufactured in mass production injection molding process using standard black mate plastic material for injection molding typically in car industry.
  • the display pixel areas 1a, 1b of monolithic block 1 are further painted so that one half of each display pixel area 1a is painted with bright fluorescent paint while the other half 1b is kept unpainted - mate black original plastic surface.
  • the rotatable flaps 2 cannot be made in the same injection molding process and have to be manufactured separately.
  • the flaps 2 have to have built-in permanent magnets 2c (respectively 2c 1 , 2c 2 ) the latter are made using plasto-ferrite materials in a two-component injection molding process.
  • 2c 1 , 2c 2 the latter are made using plasto-ferrite materials in a two-component injection molding process.
  • one side 2a of the flaps is painted with the same bright fluorescent paint, while the other half 2b is kept unpainted - mate black original plastic surface.
  • one side 2a of the flaps is painted with the same bright fluorescent paint, while the other half 2b is kept unpainted - mate black original plastic surface.
  • the spacers 19 are simultaneously cut away and the two rows of 7 flaps 2 are simultaneously "snapped-in" the 14 pivoting axes' bearings 1f, 1g on the monolithic block 1.
  • the final assembling of the display segments S (7 pixels) of the electromagnetic display panel is accomplished by simultaneous insertion of 7 magnetic cores 3s (respectively 3u) made of "semi-hard magnetic materials" into the adequately shaped solenoid bodies 1e on the monolithic block 1, which is followed by simultaneous insertion of 14 metal contacts 4a , 4b in the contacting/ mounting receptacles 1c, 1d in the monolithic block 1 and simultaneous winding of all 7 solenoids 5 on the solenoid bodies 1e on the monolithic block 1.
  • the 7 rotatable pixel flaps 2 are inserted in the 14 pixel flap bearings 1f, 1g on the monolithic block 1 from the other side.
  • the complete display panel is assembled using the above described "monolithic display segments" S on the display panel main PC board 6 with the display panel driving and control electronics 7, which is finally built-in the display panel mainframe 8 as schematically shown on the Fig. 2.
  • the said mainframe 8 can optionally contain additional light sources 10 and illumination equalizing filters 11 to allow for the display panel operation in low ambient lighting conditions (see Fig. 3).
  • the standard bright fluorescent paint used for covering the display pixel sections indicating the "ON" state of the display pixel 1a , is replaced with the luminescent paint absorbing light in the near UV light range and upon absorbing the UV light reemitting the light in the visible spectral range.
  • Replacing at the same time the standard visible light sources with the near UV light emitting ones results in important increase of the contrast of the display panel in low ambient lighting conditions.
  • the fact is that the reflected UV light, used for the display panel illumination, is hardly visible to the human eye and so the direct reflections from the dark, nonactivated background as well as from the outer transparent display panel protective cover is extremely low. This in turn results in extremely high display panel contrast in poor lighting conditions.
  • the angular visibility of such a display is excellent.
  • the monolithic block 1 (see Fig 1b) has to have an additional receptacle for the LED diode and therefore contains:
  • the final assembling of the display segments S (7 pixels) of the electromagnetic display panel is however a little bit different, as it has to take into account also additional LED diodes built-in each display pixel. The latter are inserted simultaneously during the last assembling step in manufacturing of the display segment S.
  • the complete display panel is assembled very much like in the EXAMPLE 1, except that the display panel main PC board 6 has to have additional leads for connecting the LED diodes built-in the display pixels and that the display panel driving and control electronic 7 has to have additional electronic drivers for LEDs.
  • the mechanical stability of both bistable positions of the display pixel flaps on the electromagnetic display panels can be critical (-display panel subjected to severe mechanical vibrations). Under such conditions the simple single rod-like electromagnet (3s+5) based driving of the display pixel flaps 2, as described in the EXAMPLE 1, may not be very applicable.
  • the magnetic force stabilizing both bistable positions of the display pixel flaps 2 can be increased by basically doubling the driving electromagnetic system of the display pixel flap. This can be realized by adding the second permanent magnet on the display pixel flap 2, while the second rod-like electromagnet (3s+5) can be joined with the first one in a single U-shaped core 3u electromagnet (3u+5) using the same driving solenoid 5.
  • the two permanent magnets 2c 1 , 2c 2 are oriented antiparalelly with respect to each other and are built-in each display pixel flap 2 (see Fig. 4b) during the flap manufacturing two component injection molding process.
  • the U-shaped core 3u electromagnet (3u+5) is located under the display pixel flap pivoting axis 2d as close as possible to the flap and parallel to the display pixel flap pivoting axis 2d.
  • the core 3u is inserted in the solenoid body 1e of the monolithic block 1 with a single solenoid 5 so that both ends of the U-shaped core 3u are located as close as possible to the permanent magnets 2c 1 , 2c 2 .

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Devices For Indicating Variable Information By Combining Individual Elements (AREA)
EP05007969A 2004-04-28 2005-04-12 Dispositif d'affichage électromagnétique Withdrawn EP1591985A3 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SI200400129 2004-04-28
SI200400129A SI21768A (sl) 2004-04-28 2004-04-28 Elektromagnetni prikazovalnik

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1591985A2 true EP1591985A2 (fr) 2005-11-02
EP1591985A3 EP1591985A3 (fr) 2006-08-16

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EP05007969A Withdrawn EP1591985A3 (fr) 2004-04-28 2005-04-12 Dispositif d'affichage électromagnétique

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EP (1) EP1591985A3 (fr)
CN (1) CN1691096A (fr)
RU (1) RU2004134001A (fr)
SI (1) SI21768A (fr)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102290008A (zh) * 2010-06-17 2011-12-21 辽宁经济管理干部学院 一种程控磁翻转数字显示装置
US20240200687A1 (en) * 2022-12-15 2024-06-20 Dresser LLC Non-contact visual indication for motion sensing

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5771616A (en) * 1996-07-19 1998-06-30 Mark Iv Industries Limited Display device with disk and LED
US6603458B1 (en) * 1998-01-22 2003-08-05 Annex Anzeignsysteme Gmbh Electromagnetic display device

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5771616A (en) * 1996-07-19 1998-06-30 Mark Iv Industries Limited Display device with disk and LED
US5771616C1 (en) * 1996-07-19 2001-07-03 Mark Iv Ind Ltd Display device with disk and led
US6603458B1 (en) * 1998-01-22 2003-08-05 Annex Anzeignsysteme Gmbh Electromagnetic display device

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
RU2004134001A (ru) 2006-05-10
EP1591985A3 (fr) 2006-08-16
CN1691096A (zh) 2005-11-02
SI21768A (sl) 2005-10-31

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