EP1590141A1

EP1590141A1 - Mould having flexible sidewalls with support members for moulding building products

Info

Publication number: EP1590141A1
Application number: EP03815121A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Brian Jones
Original assignee: Numold (UK) Ltd
Current assignee: Numold (UK) Ltd
Priority date: 2003-01-11
Filing date: 2003-11-24
Publication date: 2005-11-02
Also published as: GB2397270A; WO2004062866A1; GB2397270B; AU2003303669A1; GB0327230D0

Abstract

A mould suitable for use in the manufacture of a molded building product comprises a bottom wall (12) and an upstanding side wall (14), the upstanding side wall (14) being flexible so as to permit deflection thereof to allow removal of a set molded product from the mould, and a plurality of support members (18) secured to the upstanding wall (14) to increase the rigidity of the side wall (14).

Description

MOULD HAVING FELXIBLE SIDEWALLS WITH SUPPORT MEMBERS FOR MOULDING BUILDING

PRODUCTS

This invention relates to a mould and in particular to a mould suitable for use

in the moulding of concrete or similar material to form building products or the like,

for example in the form of paving stones, tiles, bricks or blocks. The bricks or

blocks produced using the mould could be used in, for example, walling or cladding,

but it will be appreciated that they may be used in other applications.

It is increasingly desirable to be able to automate the process for

manufacturing moulded building materials. One area in which automation has been

reasonably successful is in the removal of the moulded product, once set, from its

mould. This may be achieved by using a vacuum support device to support the

moulded product and to lift the product out of its mould. This technique has been

found to be successful when used in conjunction with rigid moulds. Although this

technique may be suitable for use in the manufacture of paving stones having

sloping side walls or side walls perpendicular to the front or top face of the stone,

automated removal of a rigid mount from a product having undercut side walls has

not been possible without damaging or destroying the mould or the product.

According to the present invention there is provided a mould suitable for use

in the manufacture of a moulded building product comprising a bottom wall and a

flexible upstanding side wall, and a bracing arrangement to enhance the rigidity of the side wall.

The flexibility of the side wall is such as to permit deflection thereof to allow

removal of a set moulded product from the mould.

The bracing arrangement may comprise a plurality of support members

secured to the upstanding wall to increase the rigidity of the side wall.

Such an arrangement is advantageous in that the mould can be designed to be

sufficiently rigid to withstand the side loads applied thereto by the material to the

cast, before the material sets, and to withstand any other side loads which are

applied during the moulding process, but sufficiently flexible to allow the mould to

be used in, for example an automated vacuum demould operation even where the

mould is designed to produce moulded products having undercut or textured side

walls.

An upper lip may be provided around part or all of the side wall, the support

members being braced between the lip and the side wall. The support members are

preferably integral with the lip and the side wall. Such an arrangement enhances the

ability of the mould to withstand the application of side loads, whilst retaining a

sufficient degree of flexibility.

The support members may be generally vertically extending, but

arrangements are also possible in which the support members extend at an angle to the vertical, and are spaced apart from one another. By way of example, in one

currently preferred embodiment the support members are arranged at an angle of

between about 15° and 25°, preferably about 20°, to the vertical. It will be

appreciated, however, that other angles may be used. Additional bracing members

may be provided, the bracing members extending between the support members.

The bracing members may also engage the sidewall and/or the lip, where provided.

The mould of the invention may be used either in a free-standing, self-

supporting moulding technique, or in a technique in which additional support is

given to the side wall of the mould by a carrier, for example in the form of a steel

or timber carrier tray.

Where the mould is of the self-supporting type, it may still be used on a tray

or support to allow a number of moulds to be stacked upon one another. In such

circumstances, fixing means are conveniently provided to secure the mould to the

tray or support. The fixing means may comprise, for example, adhesive or a fixing

device moulded into the bottom wall or otherwise attached to the bottom wall or the

lower face thereof. The fixing device may comprise, for example, a large headed

fixing stud. If desired several such devices may be used. Other possibilities include

incorporating a mesh provided with one or more fixing studs into the bottom wall

or bonding a base plate to the bottom wall during the manufacture of the mould. Where the mould is to be used as a liner for a tray, again fixing means may

be used. The fixing means may be of one or more of the types mentioned above.

Additionally, or alternatively, the mould may include an integral lip or flange

projecting outwardly therefrom and intended to be clamped to the tray to secure the

periphery of the mould to the tray. The lip or flange may be provided close to or at

the top of the mould, but in a currently preferred embodiment is located coplanar

with the base of the mould. When used as a liner, the support members are

preferably designed so as to engage the side walls of the tray to provide the desired

degree of rigidity to the side wall of the mould. Where the mould is used in the

manufacture of a product having a patterned or textured surface, and where the

mould side wall is of generally uniform thickness, it will be appreciated that the

spacing of the mould side wall from the side wall of the tray may not be uniform and

so the dimensions of the support members may also vary.

In the arrangements mentioned hereinbefore, the bracing arrangement

includes a plurality of support members secured to the upstanding wall. However

this need not be the case and arrangements are envisaged in which the bracing

arrangement includes one or more support members spaced from the upstanding

wall. By way of example, the mould may include an outwardly extending flange

secured to or integral with an upper part of the upstanding wall, the support member co-operating with the flange to enhance the rigidity of the mould whilst retaining the

desired degree of flexibility. The support member may overlie a part of the base of

the mould and be used in securing the base of the mould to, for example, a carrier

tray.

According to another aspect of the invention there is provided a flexible

mould for use in the manufacture of a building product, and anchorage means to

permit the mould to be anchored, to allow the mould to flex whilst a moulded

product is pulled therefrom.

The anchorage means may take the form of adhesive or a mechanical fixing

device, for example of the type referred to hereinbefore, securing the mould to a

carrier member. Where the mould includes a peripheral lip or flange, the anchorage

means may alternatively, or additionally, include an arrangement for securing the

lip or flange, for example a clamping device.

The invention also relates to a method of removing a moulded product from

a flexible mould comprising anchoring the mould in such a manner as to allow the

side wall thereof to flex, supporting the moulded product, and pulling the moulded

product from the mould.

The invention will further be described, by way of example, with reference

to the accompanying drawings, in which: Figure 1 is a perspective view of a mould in accordance with an embodiment

of the invention;

Figure 2 is a perspective view illustrating an alternative embodiment;

Figures 3 to 6 illustrate modifications to the arrangement of Figure 2;

Figure 7 is a plan view of an alternative embodiment;

Figure 8 is a sectional view illustrating the arrangement of Figure 7;

Figure 9 illustrates a vacuum demould station;

Figure 10 is a perspective view illustrating a further alternative embodiment;

and

Figures 11 to 16 are side and sectional views illustrating other alternative

arrangements.

Figure 1 illustrates a mould 10 of a flexible, rubber-like material intended for

use in the casting of paving stones. For example, the mould 10 may be of a

polyurethane material. The mould 10 comprises a bottom wall 12 from the

periphery of which a side wall 14 extends. The upstanding sidewall 14 terminates

at an upper lip or flange 16. As shown in Figure 1, the mould 10 is intended for use

in the manufacture of a paving stone of irregular shape although this need not be the

case. Although not clear from the drawings, the side wall 14 may be shaped to form

a texture or pattern to the sides of the paving stone and may be shaped to include at least one region which, in the cast paving stone, is of undercut form. Indeed, the

paving stone may be of undercut form around substantially all of its periphery if

desired, such features not being easy to provide using traditional moulds without

damaging or destroying the mould when removing the cast product therefrom.

On the outer surface of the mould 10, a plurality of sfreng ening support

members are formed. Each support member takes the form of a rib, which is

moulded integrally with the side wall 14. In the arrangement illustrated, each rib 18

is also integrally formed with the lip 16, the lower end of each rib 18 being

substantially co-planar with the lower surface of the bottom wall 12.

As shown in Figure 1, the mould 10 is positioned upon a tray 10 consisting

of a plywood base 22 and a pair of side members 24. The purpose of the tray is to

allow the mould 10 to be moved relatively easily and to allow stacking of a number

of moulds one-upon-another, for example whilst containing concrete or a similar

material before the material has set. The members 24 are spaced from the side wall

14 of the mould 10, thus it will be appreciated that the members 24 do not serve to

provide a stiffening function for the mould 10.

In use, the mould 10 is secured to the tray 20. This may be achieved by using

any suitable fixing means. For example, the mould 10 may be secured to the tray

20 using adhesive. Alternatively, or in addition to the use of adhesive, one or more mechanical fixing means may be used. One example of a suitable fixing means

takes the form of a large headed bolt 26, the head of which is moulded into the

bottom wall 12 of the mould 10 during the manufacture thereof, the threaded shank

of the bolt extending through an opening formed in the base member 22, a nut 26a

or the like then being secured to the threaded shank to secure the mould 10 to the

tray 20.

Although a specific example of a suitable mechanical fixing device has been

given, it will be appreciated that a number of alternative techniques may be used to

secure the mould 10 to the tray 20, and the invention encompasses the use of any

such techniques and is not restricted to the specific arrangements described herein.

Further, arrangements are possible in which the mould 10 is not secured to the tray

20.

In use, concrete or a similar material is poured into the mould 10. If desired,

the mould may then be subject to vibrations or the like to cause the material to

spread evenly around the mould and to release, for example, air bubbles from the

material. The mould 10 is then moved with the tray 20 for storage until such time

as the concrete or other material has set. As briefly mentioned hereinbefore, the

trays 20 associated with a number of moulds 10 may be stacked upon one another

to facilitate the manufacture and storage of a number of paving stones in a relatively small area.

Once it has been determined that the concrete or other material used in the

manufacture of the paving stone has set, then the tray 20 is moved to a station in

which the moulded paving stone is to be removed. One suitable at least partially

automated technique for use in the removal of the moulded paving stone is to

support the moulded paving stone using a vacuum supporting device. The paving

stone is then lifted away from the tray 20 and mould 10 to remove the stone from

the mould. Once the paving stone has been removed from the mould, the vacuum

supporting device can be used to move the paving stone to a suitable storage

location. The vacuum supporting device can then be operated to release the paving

stone ready for use in the removal of the stone from another mould.

The strengthening ribs 18 are designed to provide sufficient rigidity to the

side wall 14 to enable the side wall 14 to withstand the side loads which are applied

thereto by the concrete material prior to setting thereof, but to afford sufficient

flexibility to the side wall 14 to allow the side wall 14 to flex during the operation

of removing the moulded paving stone from the mould such that any protrusions or

undercut regions of the cast paving stone can be removed from the mount without

causing damage either to the paving stone or to the mould.

It will be appreciated that the spacing of the ribs 18 may be uniform around the mould 10 or, as illustrated, the spacing of the ribs 18 may be irregular, an

increased number of ribs 18 being provided in regions of the mould requiring a

greater degree of rigidity, fewer ribs 18 being required where a greater degree of

flexibility is required, for example in the operation to remove the paving stone from

the mould.

Figure 2 illustrates a mould 30 similar to the mould 10 illustrated in Figure 1

but designed for use in the manufacture of a paving stone of generally rectangular

form, but again including patterned or textured side walls and/or undercut regions.

Use of the mould 30 illustrated in Figure 2 is in a manner similar to that described

above in relation to Figure 1.

One important difference between the mould 30 illustrated in Figure 2 and

the mould 10 of Figure 1 is that in the arrangement illustrated in Figure 1, the ribs

38 are inter-connected by a series of cross braces 40. The provision of such braces

between the ribs 38 and which engage the side wall 34 further enhances the rigidity

of the side wall 34, but still allows sufficient flexibility thereof to allow the mould

30 to be used in the manufacture of paving stones having textured side walls or

undercut regions.

Figure 3 illustrates an arrangement similar to that of Figure 2, but in which

the braces 40 are replaced by curved brace members 42, the function of which is to enhance the rigidity of the side wall of the mould whilst mamtaining a sufficient

degree of flexibility

Figures 4 and 5 illustrate a further alternative in which the ribs 18 are shaped

such that the edges 44 furthest from the side wall 34 are of concave arcuate forms

as shown in Figure 5. As with the arrangements described hereinbefore, it is thought

that the provision of ribs 38 of the form illustrated in Figure 5 can be used to provide

a sufficiently good stiffness or rigidity to the side walls 34 during moulding to

withstand the side loads applied by the concrete material prior to setting thereof and

resulting from any vibrations which may be applied to the mould during the

moulding process whilst remaining sufficiently flexible to allow the side wall to

deflect when the moulded product is being removed, thereby permitting relatively

easy removal of the mould from the cast paving stone without causing damage to the

mould or the paving stone. In particular, the operation of removal of the mould from

the paving stone may be at least partially automated.

Figure 6 illustrates another alternative in which the ribs 38 take the form of

hollow tubes. Although shown as being arranged to extend generally vertically in

the arrangement of Figure 6, this need not be the case and arrangements are possible

in which the ribs or tubes extend at an angle to the vertical. The provision of hollow

tubes is thought to be advantageous in that the tubes may partially collapse or compress under stress, for example whilst the moulded product is being removed

from the mould.

Figures 7 and 8 illustrate the application of the invention to an alternative

moulding technique. Trie technique involves the use of a mould 50 of relatively low

wall thickness. The mould 50 comprises a bottom wall 52 from the periphery of

which a side wall 54 upstands, the side wall 54 having at its upper edge, a lip 56.

The mould 50 is used in conjunction with a supporting frame in the form of a steel

or timber carrier 58.

As shown in Figure 7, the side wall 54 of the mould 50 is of relatively low,

generally uniform thickness. In the example illustrated, the mould 50 is intended for

use in the manufacture of paving stone of generally square or rectangular shape.

However, the side walls of the paving stone to be manufactured are not truly straight

but rather are of textured or patterned form and may form undercut regions in the

moulded product. As a result the side wall 54 of the mould 50 does not lie against

the side wall of the tray 58 but rather a space is formed therebetween. The space is

of irregular dimensions resulting from the desired shaping of the paving stone to be

manufactured, and the fact that the side wall is of generally uniform thickness.

As illustrated, a series of ribs 60 are formed on the mould 50. Each rib 60

serves as a support member to increase the strength of the side wall 54, each rib 60 extending generally vertically and being formed integrally both with the side wall

54 and the lip 56. The dimensions of each rib 60 are chosen such that each rib 60

engages the side wall of the tray 58, further enhancing the rigidity of the side wall.

As a result, it will be appreciated that the ribs 60 serve to increase the rigidity of the

side wall 54 of the mould 50 thereby ensuring that the mould 50 is of sufficient

rigidity to withstand the side loads applied to the side wall 54 thereof during the

mould process. However, the ribs 60 permit the side wall 54 of the mould 50 to

have sufficient flexibility to allow any protrusions or under cut regions of the cast

paving stone to be removed from the mould 50 using a vacuum demould system for

example of the type described hereinbefore without causing damage to the cast

paving stone or to the mould.

As with the arrangement described hereinbefore, the mould 50 is preferably

secured to the tray 58 prior to the application of concrete or another material to be

cast to the mould 50. The technique by which the mould 50 is secured to the tray

58 may be any of the techniques described herein. By way of illustration only,

Figure 7 illustrates suitable locations 62 for the application of adhesive between the

bottom wall 52 of the mould 50 and the tray 58. It further shows a location in which

a mechanical fixing device 64 in the form of a large headed bolt may be used.

However, it will be appreciated that other fixing techniques may be used in accordance with the invention, as mentioned herein.

After securing or anchoring the mould to the tray, the material to be cast is

introduced into the mould, vibrations applied, if desired, and the material allowed

to set. Once set, the mould is moved to a station in which the product is removed

from the mould. A suitable station is shown in Figure 9.

Figure 9 show the carrier 58 secured in position in a vacuum demould station.

An additional flange 66, conveniently in the form of a frame forming part of the

vacuum demould station equipment, is used to clamp the lip 56 to the carrier 58. A

vacuum suction unit 68 is used to lift the moulded product. As the product is lifted,

the edges of the mould will tend to lift with the product, and the manner in which

the mould is secured or anchored, using the adhesive, fixing device and flange 66,

results in the mould flexing away from the product allowing air to enter between the

mould and the product. Even where a release agent is used, cementitious mouldings

tend to adhere to polyurethane moulds, and the flexing ofthe mould away from the

product breaks such adhesion. Continued liftmg ofme product from the mould can

thus take place. The flexing ofthe side wall ofthe mould further ensures that any

relatively deep patterning or texture, and any undercut parts ofthe moulded product

are removed from the associated parts ofthe mould without damage either to the

mould or to the product. Figures 11 and 12 illustrate a modification to the arrangements described

hereinbefore in which the mould is provided with support members in the form of

ribs 70, each of which is angled to the vertical. The ribs 70 are each angled to the

vertical at an angle falling within the range 15° to 25°, and preferably each rib is

angled at about 20° to the vertical. It will be appreciated that this angle is not

critical, and that the invention applies to arrangements in which the ribs are not

angled, or the angling ofthe ribs falls outside of this range. In the illustrations, the

ribs 70 are all angled by approximately the same amount to the vertical, but the

degree of tilting ofthe ribs 70, and the direction in which the tilting occurs may vary

from that illustrated. Each rib 70 forms a generally V-shaped, shallow groove 72

which it is thought assists in providing the required degree of flexibility to the

mould. Although the illustrated arrangement makes use of a V-shaped groove, it is

thought that the shape ofthe groove is not critical. Figures 13 and 14 illustrate

arrangements in which the V-shaped groove includes a limb which, when viewed

in the manner illustrated in Figures 13 and 14, appears to extend vertically but, of

course, is tilted at approximately 20° to the vertical as shown in Figure 11.

Although as illustrated each groove extends over the full height ofthe associated rib,

arrangements are possible in which this is not the case. As shown in the drawings,

each rib 70 is of tapering thickness, tapering from a maximum thickness, of around 5mm adjacent the side wall 74 ofthe mould to a minimum thickness of around 3mm

remote from the side wall 74 ofthe mould.

The mould is provided with an outwardly extending flange 76 which lies in

the same plane as the base wall 78 ofthe mould, forming a continuation thereof. As

can be seen from Figure 12, the flange 76 projects beyond the lip 80 provided at the

upper periphery ofthe mould. The flange 76 is arranged such that, in use, as shown

in Figures 13 and 14, with the mould supported upon a suitable tray or pallet 82, a

clamping member 84 may be clamped to the tray 82, the flange 76 being trapped

therebetween thereby clamping the periphery of the mould to the tray 82. The

clamping member 84 may take the form of a plywood or similar member that can

be nailed, screwed, stapled or otherwise secured to the tray 82 to clamp the mould

thereto. It will be appreciated that, if desired, this securing technique may be used

in conjunction with any ofthe techniques described hereinbefore, and also that this

technique may be used in any ofthe arrangements described hereinbefore.

Although the arrangement illustrated in Figures 11 and 12 is of a free¬

standing, self-supporting mould carried, in use, by a tray, it will be appreciated that

the features thereof may be incorporated into a mould intended to be used on a tray

and in which the tray assists in supporting the side walls o the mould, in use. The

mould may be supplied either free-standing or mounted upon a carrier and Figures 13 and 14 illustrate, respectively, the mounting of a free-standing mould and

a mould pre-mounted upon a carrier to a relatively thick pallet, for example of

thickness 40 to 50mm and constructed of, for example, timber or a composite

construction. In the arrangement of Figure 14, the carrier would be secured to the

tray or pallet using, for example, nails or screws.

The arrangements describedhereinbefore make use of integrally or otherwise

moulded ribs to enhance the rigidity of the side walls of the moulds. It will be

appreciated, however, that this need not be the case. Figures 15 and 16 illustrate

parts of moulds, each comprising a bottom wall 90 and a side wall 92. The bottom

wall 90 includes an outwardly projecting flange 94. The side wall 92 includes, at

or near its upper edge, an outwardly extending flange 96. Strengthening ribs 98 may

or may not be provided, as desired.

A sfrengthening member 100 is provided to brace the flange 96 against the

flange 94, thereby enhancing the rigidity of the side wall 92. A cavity 102 is

provided between the strengthening member 10 and the side wall 92, allowing a

degree of flexing of the side wall 92 so as to permit the removal of a moulded

product from the mould.

In addition to serving to strengthen the side wall 92, the strengthening

member may further serve as a clamping member for use in clamping the mould to a carrier. In Figure 15, the strengthening member 100 takes the form of a length of

wood which can be screwed to a carrier 104, clamping the flange 94 therebetween.

Figure 16 illustrates the use of a length of angle iron as the sfrengthening member

100 which is bolted to the carrier 104, again clamping the flange 94.

In all ofthe arrangements described hereinbefore, the side wall ofthe mould

is preferably of generally uniform thickness. It will be appreciated, therefore, that

where the mould is intended for use in the manufacture of a paving stone having a

textured or patterned side wall, the outer surface ofthe side wall will not be flat,

thus any ribs or bracing members will also be shaped to comply with the shaping of

the side wall. One advantage of providing a side wall of generally uniform thickness

is that the quantity of material used in the manufacture of the mould is reduced.

Another advantage is that the flexibility ofthe mould may be enhanced.

It will be appreciated that the invention may be modified in a number of

ways. For example although the arrangements described hereinbefore make use of

the provision of a plurality of clearly identifiable ribs, the ribs may be of modified

cross-sectional shape with the result that the outer surface ofthe side wall ofthe

mould has a generally corrugated appearance, if desired. The invention is, in

essence, the provision of a mould with a relatively 1hin side wall to give the desired

degree of flexibility necessary to permit the removal of textured, patterned or undercut paving stones from the mould whilst providing means for enhancing the

rigidity of the mould by the provision of support members around the mould to

allow the mould to withstand the side loadings applied thereto during the moulding

process, for example as a result ofthe application of concrete or a sirnilar material

to the mould or resulting from the application of, for example, vibrations to the

mould as typically occurs in the moulding process. Although particularly beneficial

when used in the manufacture of paving stones having textured, patterned or

undercut regions, the invention may also be used in the manufacture of for example

straight-sided, unpatterned paving stones.

Although the description hereinbefore is of the use of the mould in the

manufacture of paving stones, it will be appreciated that the invention is not

restricted to the moulding of paving stones and may be used in the manufacture of

a range of moulded building products, for example roofing tiles, floor tiles, and

bricks or blocks for use in walling or cladding, including decorative bricks and

blocks, a mould for one of which is shown in Figure 10.

Claims

1. A mould suitable for use in the manufacture of a moulded building product

comprising a bottom wall and an upstanding side wall, the upstanding side wall

being flexible so as to permit deflection thereof to allow removal of a set moulded

product from the mould, and a bracing arrangement to enhance the rigidity ofthe

side wall.

2. A mould according to Claim 1, wherein the bracing arrangement comprises

a plurality of support members secured to the upstanding wall.

3. A mould according to Claim 2, further comprising an upper lip provided

around part or all ofthe side wall, the support members being braced between the

tip and the side wall.

4. A mould according to Claim 3, wherein the support members are integral

with the lip and the side wall.

5. A mould according to anyone of Claims 2 to 4, wherein the support members

are generally vertically extending.

6. A mould according to any of Claims 2 to 4, wherein the support members

extend at an angle to the vertical, and are spaced apart from one another.

7. A mould according to Claim 6, wherein the support members are angled to

the vertical by an angle of between about 15° and 25°.

8. A mould according to Claim 7, wherein the support members are angled to

the vertical at an angle of about 20^°.

9. A mould according to any of Claims 1 to 8, further comprising additional

bracing members extending between the support members.

10. A mould according to anyone ofthe preceding claims, wherein the bracing

arrangement includes a strengthening member arranged to brace a flange associated

with an upper part ofthe side wall against a flange associated with the bottom wall.

11. A mould according to Claim 10, wherein a cavity is defined between the side

wall and the strengthening member.

12. A mould according to any ofthe preceding claims, further comprising fixing

means to secure the mould to a tray or support.

13. A mould according to Claim 12, wherein the fixing means comprises at least

one of a fixing device moulded into the bottom wall or otherwise attached to the

bottom wall or the lower face thereof, or an adhesive material.

14. A mould according to Claim 13, wherein the fixing device comprises a large

headed fixing stud.

15. A mould according to any of Claims 12 to 14, wherein the fixing means

includes an integral lip or flange projecting outwardly from the mould and intended

to be clamped to the tray to secure the periphery ofthe mould to the tray.

16. A mould according to Claim 15, wherein the Up or flange is provided co-

planar with the base ofthe mould.

17. A flexible mould for use in he manufacture of a building product, and

anchorage means to permit the mould to be anchored, to aUow the mould to flex

whilst a moulded product is puUed therefrom.

18. Amould accordingto Claim 17, wherein the anchorage means takes the form

of adhesive or at least one mechanical fixing device securing the mould to a carrier

member.

19. A mould according to Claim 17 or Claim 18, wherein the mould includes a

peripheral Up or flange, and the anchorage means includes an arrangement for

securing the Up or flange to a carrier member.

20. A mould substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to any one

ofthe accompanying drawings.