EP1588801B1 - Process and device for treating a through hole with an abrasive fluid - Google Patents

Process and device for treating a through hole with an abrasive fluid Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1588801B1
EP1588801B1 EP05004133A EP05004133A EP1588801B1 EP 1588801 B1 EP1588801 B1 EP 1588801B1 EP 05004133 A EP05004133 A EP 05004133A EP 05004133 A EP05004133 A EP 05004133A EP 1588801 B1 EP1588801 B1 EP 1588801B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pressure
grinding
counter
flow
hole
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Not-in-force
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EP05004133A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1588801A1 (en
Inventor
Thomas Hasenecker
Thomas Weikenstorfer
Christian Ludwig
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Sonplas GmbH
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Sonplas GmbH
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Publication of EP1588801A1 publication Critical patent/EP1588801A1/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B31/00—Machines or devices designed for polishing or abrading surfaces on work by means of tumbling apparatus or other apparatus in which the work and/or the abrasive material is loose; Accessories therefor
    • B24B31/10—Machines or devices designed for polishing or abrading surfaces on work by means of tumbling apparatus or other apparatus in which the work and/or the abrasive material is loose; Accessories therefor involving other means for tumbling of work
    • B24B31/116—Machines or devices designed for polishing or abrading surfaces on work by means of tumbling apparatus or other apparatus in which the work and/or the abrasive material is loose; Accessories therefor involving other means for tumbling of work using plastically deformable grinding compound, moved relatively to the workpiece under the influence of pressure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B49/00—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation
    • B24B49/02—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation according to the instantaneous size and required size of the workpiece acted upon, the measuring or gauging being continuous or intermittent
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/16—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
    • F02M61/168—Assembling; Disassembling; Manufacturing; Adjusting
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/16—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
    • F02M61/18—Injection nozzles, e.g. having valve seats; Details of valve member seated ends, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M61/1806—Injection nozzles, e.g. having valve seats; Details of valve member seated ends, not otherwise provided for characterised by the arrangement of discharge orifices, e.g. orientation or size

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for processing a through opening, in particular a valve channel, according to the preamble of claim 1, wherein a Abtragungsfluid on one side of the passage opening with a grinding pressure and on the other side of the passage opening is acted upon by a back pressure and the Abtragungsfluid material removal is placed in flow in the passage opening.
  • the invention further relates to a device for processing a passage opening with a fluid under discharge fluid according to the preamble of claim 9, comprising a grinding pressure generating device for generating a grinding pressure in Abtragungsfluid on one side of the through hole, a back pressure generating means for generating a back pressure in the Abtragungsfluid on the other side of Through opening and a controller which communicates with the grinding pressure generating means for controlling the grinding pressure and which is also for controlling the back pressure with the counter-pressure generating means in communication.
  • the counter-pressure is generated either by means of a diaphragm arranged on the outflow side or by means of a bubble or membrane reservoir arranged there.
  • a disadvantage of this known counter-pressure grinding method can be comparatively uncontrolled pressure conditions, in particular counterpressure conditions, at the beginning of the grinding process, which can lead to correspondingly uncontrolled flow rates and thus removal rates in the initial phase of the grinding process.
  • the WO 03/035325 A1 and the JP 59-156661 both disclose devices for machining a hole by means of an abrasive fluid.
  • a pressure generating device is provided on both sides of the hole, which is in communication with a control device.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a method and a device for processing a through hole, with which the passage opening can be adjusted with particularly high accuracy.
  • the method according to the invention is characterized in that first the counter-pressure is set approximately equal to the grinding pressure and subsequently that for generating the flow, a pressure difference between the grinding pressure and the backpressure is set.
  • a basic idea of the invention lies in the fact that at the beginning of the processing, the pressure on both sides of the passage opening, which can also be referred to as a channel, is set at least approximately identically. Thus, there is no or at most a small at the beginning of the processing Pressure difference along the through hole, and thus the flow rate of the Abtragungsfluids in the through hole and therefore the rate of removal at the passage opening at the beginning of processing is zero or at most very low. According to the invention, then, following the adjustment of the backpressure and the grinding pressure to at least approximately equal values, a non-zero pressure difference between the grinding pressure, which can also be referred to as the processing pressure or admission pressure, and the back pressure is set.
  • the Abtragungsfluid Due to this pressure difference between the two sides of the passage opening the Abtragungsfluid is now in flow and there is a removal of material at the through hole, which can take place both in the interior of the through hole and at its edge region, ie at its sanding pressure and / or pressure side edge ,
  • the pressure conditions at the passage opening are already precisely defined at the beginning of the machining, which is why particularly precise machining is made possible.
  • the adjustment of grinding and counter-pressure can be done by a preferably active trained control.
  • the method according to the invention is particularly suitable for the machining of control and / or nozzle bores, in particular on components of fuel injection valves.
  • the method can serve for flow adjustment of the passage opening.
  • the method is also advantageous in that at the beginning of processing at at least approximately constant pressure conditions often a particularly high increase in the time of flow of Abtragungsfluides occurs and the increase with increasing Processing time is getting smaller, as more and more material must be removed at the grinding pressure side edge of the passage opening.
  • the method according to the invention ensures especially well-defined flow conditions, especially at the beginning of the grinding process, so that the flow rate can be set particularly precisely.
  • the removal fluid can be any flowable continuum which has an erosive effect on the material surrounding the passage opening under flow.
  • the ablation fluid is a hydroerosive abrasive fluid having a carrier liquid and abrasive particles contained therein.
  • Hydroerosive grinding fluids in the context of the invention can be understood as meaning both grinding fluids with a water-based carrier fluid and those with an oil-based carrier fluid or another base.
  • the hydroerosive ablation fluid according to the invention may also be anhydrous.
  • the abrasive portion of the abrasive abrasive particles in the grinding fluid is suitably adjusted so that the widest possible input tolerance range for the diameter and / or flow rate of the passage opening can be covered at suitable processing times for the grinding process.
  • the ablation fluid may be selected such that, during processing, an average increase in flow, i. an increase in the flow rate of the ablation fluid, of about 7% to 15% is achieved, which is preferably provided independently of the channel geometry.
  • a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention is characterized in that before setting the pressure difference the back pressure is ramped up together with the grinding pressure.
  • the pressures on both sides of the passage opening at the beginning of the machining process in parallel, that is constructed at the same time, the grinding pressure and the back pressure are already set at least approximately the same at startup.
  • At least one parameter of the through-opening in particular a flow rate, whose temporal change, a diameter, a material removal rate, a pressure and / or a wall inclination angle, is determined and that the pressure difference is set as a function of the at least one characteristic.
  • a process control allows a targeted, in particular component-dependent adjustment of the processing speed by targeted adjustment and control of the grinding pressure and the backpressure on the basis of the determined characteristic of the through hole.
  • the preferred process management makes it possible, in particular, to take into account flow tolerances, which may be due, for example, to manufacturing-related diameter tolerances of the passage opening.
  • such flow tolerances may be for example about +/- 5%.
  • the flow rate of the ablation fluid through the passage opening can be determined in particular as a parameter.
  • the diameter of the passage opening can also be determined directly or indirectly in any other way.
  • the temporal change of the flow rate of the ablation fluid in the passage opening can be determined. But it can also be the wall tilt angle be determined directly or indirectly at the grinding pressure and / or counter pressure side edge of the through hole in another way.
  • a particularly useful embodiment of the method according to the invention is characterized in that the pressure difference is initially adjusted to a previously determined, first pressure difference value and the parameter is determined and that the pressure difference is then set as a function of the characteristic size.
  • the determination of the parameter and in particular of the flow properties of the through-opening takes place already at the beginning of the process, preferably immediately after setting the first pressure difference value.
  • the process can already be controlled in the initial phase of the grinding process, as a result of which through-openings with a particularly wide component tolerance can be processed reliably to a target value.
  • the first pressure difference value relative to the grinding pressure is 5 to 15%, in particular about 10%. Such a pressure difference value enables a reliable characteristic determination with sufficiently low initial ablation rate.
  • a particular suitable development of the invention further consists in that the pressure difference is set inversely to the flow rate and / or the diameter. This is understood to mean that the pressure difference is increased at a low flow rate and / or a small diameter of the passage opening and is reduced at a high flow rate and / or a large diameter. This allows a particularly effective control of the machining process.
  • the direction of the flow in the passage opening is reversed, in particular as a function of the characteristic variable.
  • This can be done especially in the presence of a conically outwardly tapered channel geometry of the through-hole, i. in a channel whose grinding pressure side diameter is greater than its counter-pressure-side diameter.
  • the parameter used for the detection of an outwardly tapered channel geometry and for reversing the flow can be, in particular, the temporal change of the flow rate and / or the wall inclination angle at the counterpressure-side edge of the through-opening.
  • the device according to the invention serves to carry out the method according to the invention, whereby the advantages described in this context are achieved.
  • the controller is in communication with the counter-pressure generating device for controlling the counter-pressure.
  • these pressures can also be set at the beginning of processing, first flow rate independent.
  • Under the control of the pressures can be understood according to the invention also a rules.
  • a particularly preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention is characterized in that a characteristic quantity detecting device is provided for determining at least one characteristic of the through-opening, and that the characteristic quantity detecting device for the characteristic-size-dependent control of a pressure difference between the grinding pressure and the back pressure is in communication with the controller.
  • the at least one parameter may in particular be one of the parameters described in connection with the method according to the invention, whereby the device according to the invention can be used to control the pressure difference and consequently the flow rate of the ablation fluid depending on the dimensions and the geometry of the through-opening.
  • FIG. 1 A device according to the invention is shown in FIG.
  • the device has a reservoir 22 for receiving ablation fluid.
  • the reservoir 22 is connected via a first obturator 23 with a grinding pressure piston pump 30 of a grinding pressure generating device in fluid communication, which can produce a temporally constant volume flow and / or a time constant pressure of Abtragungsfluids.
  • the grinding pressure piston pump 30 has a spindle 32, which is formed by a motor 33 designed as a stepper motor is driven and which drives a piston 31 of the grinding pressure piston pump 30 together with a hydraulic cylinder 34.
  • a flow sensor 25 of a characteristic measuring device, not shown, and a second obturator 24 is the Schleiftikkolbenpume 30 from an inlet side 3 of a through hole 10 in a component 1 with this passage opening 10 in fluid communication.
  • a grinding pressure sensor 26 for determining the grinding pressure upstream and upstream of the component 1 is provided.
  • the passage opening 10 located in the component 1 and designed as a bore is rounded by flowing ablation fluid, in particular on the inlet side, at an inlet-side inlet edge.
  • the passage opening 10 is connected via a third shut-off 44 with a counter-pressure piston pump 40 of a counter-pressure generating device in connection, which serves to generate an outlet-side back pressure.
  • the counter-pressure piston pump 40 is formed hydraulically actuated.
  • a back pressure sensor 46 is arranged for determining the backpressure.
  • the counter-pressure piston pump 40 is connected to a drain line 50 for emptying.
  • the device shown can be used in particular for constant pressure machining and / or for constant volumetric flow processing of the passage opening 10.
  • the constant pressure processing, the pressures at the inlet side 3 and at the outlet side 5 of the component 1 are built parallel to the beginning of processing by means of the grinding pressure piston pump 30 and the counter-pressure piston pump 40, whereby in the passage opening 10 no flow of Abtragungsfluids is generated and thus no effective processing of the passage opening 10 takes place.
  • a discharge-side target pressure which can be determined by means of the back pressure sensor 46
  • the counter-pressure buildup is stopped and only the inlet side, ie the input-side pressure further increased until a pressure is reached, which is slightly higher than forming a pressure difference at the through hole 10 the target pressure and a comparatively low and slow removal of material in the passage opening 10 is ensured.
  • a determination of the flow and the temporal flow change is performed by means of the flow sensor 25.
  • the counter-pressure is lowered, as a result of which the material removal at the input-side edge of the through-opening 10 and thus the processing speed are increased.
  • the counterpressure is lowered and at the same time the grinding pressure is raised, whereby the material removal at the input side edge of the through hole 10 and thus the processing speed is further increased.
  • the back pressure can be raised so that an inverse flow, i. adjusts an inverse flow of Abtragungsfluids through the passage opening 10 and thus specifically the outlet side 5 is processed, whereby the diameter of the passage opening 10 is particularly efficiently increased.
  • the back pressure is lowered again to the previous value and the processing with normal flow direction is completed.
  • the desired flow rates which are different for the different processing pressures, are calculated individually by a controller for each pressure ratio.
  • a value supplied by the flow sensor 25 can be used as a shutdown criterion.
  • the constant volumetric flow processing, the grinding pressure on the inlet side 3 and the back pressure on the outlet side 5 are also built parallel to the beginning of machining by means of the grinding pressure piston pump 30 and the counter-pressure piston pump 40, whereby no effective processing takes place.
  • a discharge-side target pressure of the counter-pressure build-up is stopped and the inlet-side grinding pressure is further increased until the formation of a pressure difference, a grinding pressure is achieved, which is only slightly higher than the back pressure, whereby a comparatively low material removal is ensured.
  • a determination of the flow ie the flow rate, is carried out by means of the flow sensor 25.
  • the nominal pressure flow calculated for this pressure ratio by means of a control is generated by means of the grinding pressure piston pump 30, the back pressure remaining unchanged by means of the counterpressure piston pump 40 and the processing being continued.
  • the setpoint flow calculated for this pressure ratio is generated by means of the grinding-pressure piston pump 30, the back pressure being left unchanged or lowered and the processing being continued.
  • the grinding pressure is raised, the counterpressure is lowered and the flow pressure piston pump 30 generates the desired flow rate calculated for this pressure ratio and the processing continues.
  • the back pressure can be raised so far that sets an inverse flow through the through hole 10 and thus this through hole 10 is processed on the outlet side 5 whereby the diameter of the through hole 10 is particularly efficiently increased.
  • the back pressure is lowered again to the previous value and the processing with normal flow direction is completed.
  • the different nominal flow rates for the different processing pressures can be individually calculated by a controller for each pressure ratio.
  • a value supplied by the grinding pressure sensor 26, by the counter-pressure sensor 46 and / or by the flow-measuring sensor 25 can be used.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Grinding And Polishing Of Tertiary Curved Surfaces And Surfaces With Complex Shapes (AREA)
  • Finish Polishing, Edge Sharpening, And Grinding By Specific Grinding Devices (AREA)
  • Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
  • Perforating, Stamping-Out Or Severing By Means Other Than Cutting (AREA)
  • Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)

Abstract

The machining process involves machining a through aperture (10). An abrasive fluid is applied to one side of the aperture at grinding pressure, and counter pressure is applied to the other side. The counter pressure is first set roughly equal to the grinding pressure, and then, to create the flow, a pressure difference between the grinding pressure and counter pressure is set. A device to implement the process is also described.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Bearbeiten einer Durchgangsöffnung, insbesondere eines Ventilkanals, gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1, bei dem ein Abtragungsfluid auf einer Seite der Durchgangsöffnung mit einem Schleifdruck und auf der anderen Seite der Durchgangsöffnung mit einem Gegendruck beaufschlagt wird und das Abtragungsfluid unter Materialabtragung in der Durchgangsöffnung in Strömung versetzt wird.The invention relates to a method for processing a through opening, in particular a valve channel, according to the preamble of claim 1, wherein a Abtragungsfluid on one side of the passage opening with a grinding pressure and on the other side of the passage opening is acted upon by a back pressure and the Abtragungsfluid material removal is placed in flow in the passage opening.

Die Erfindung betrifft ferner eine Vorrichtung zum Bearbeiten einer Durchgangsöffnung mit einem Abtragungsfluid unter Strömung gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 9, mit einer Schleifdruckerzeugungseinrichtung zum Erzeugen eines Schleifdrucks im Abtragungsfluid auf einer Seite der Durchgangsöffnung, einer Gegendruckerzeugungseinrichtung zum Erzeugen eines Gegendrucks im Abtragungsfluid auf der anderen Seite der Durchgangsöffnung und einer Steuerung, die zum Steuern des Schleifdrucks mit der Schleifdruckerzeugungseinrichtung in Verbindung steht und die zum Steuern des Gegendrucks zudem mit der Gegendruckerzeugungseinrichtung in Verbindung steht.The invention further relates to a device for processing a passage opening with a fluid under discharge fluid according to the preamble of claim 9, comprising a grinding pressure generating device for generating a grinding pressure in Abtragungsfluid on one side of the through hole, a back pressure generating means for generating a back pressure in the Abtragungsfluid on the other side of Through opening and a controller which communicates with the grinding pressure generating means for controlling the grinding pressure and which is also for controlling the back pressure with the counter-pressure generating means in communication.

Aus der DE 199 41 472 A1 sind ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zum hydroerosiven Bearbeiten eines Ventilkanals bekannt. Um eine Kavitation des hydroerosiven Abtragungsfluids beim Bearbeiten zu verhindern, lehrt diese Druckschrift, auf der Abströmseite des Ventilkanals einen Gegendruck aufzubauen. Dies ermöglicht einen weitgehend kavitationsfreien Schleifbetrieb im Betriebsdruckbereich des Ventilkanals.From the DE 199 41 472 A1 For example, a method and an apparatus for hydroerosive machining of a valve channel are known. In order to prevent cavitation of the hydroerosive ablation fluid during machining, this document teaches build up a back pressure on the downstream side of the valve channel. This allows a largely cavitation-free grinding operation in the operating pressure range of the valve channel.

Gemäß der Lehre der DE 199 41 472 A1 wird der Gegendruck entweder mittels einer an der Abströmseite angeordneten Blende oder mittels eines dort angeordneten Blasen- oder Membranspeichers erzeugt. Nachteilig bei diesem bekannten Gegendruckschleifverfahren können vergleichsweise unkontrollierte Druckverhältnisse, insbesondere Gegendruckverhältnisse, zu Beginn des Schleifprozesses sein, die zu entsprechend unkontrollierten Durchflussraten und somit Abtragungsraten in der Anfangsphase des Schleifprozesses führen können.According to the teaching of DE 199 41 472 A1 the counter-pressure is generated either by means of a diaphragm arranged on the outflow side or by means of a bubble or membrane reservoir arranged there. A disadvantage of this known counter-pressure grinding method can be comparatively uncontrolled pressure conditions, in particular counterpressure conditions, at the beginning of the grinding process, which can lead to correspondingly uncontrolled flow rates and thus removal rates in the initial phase of the grinding process.

Die WO 03/035325 A1 und die JP 59-156661 offenbaren beide Vorrichtungen zum Bearbeiten eines Lochs mittels eines abrasiven Fluides. Dabei ist zu beiden Seiten des Lochs jeweils eine Druckerzeugungseinrichtung vorgesehen, die mit einer Steuereinrichtung in Verbindung steht.The WO 03/035325 A1 and the JP 59-156661 both disclose devices for machining a hole by means of an abrasive fluid. In each case, a pressure generating device is provided on both sides of the hole, which is in communication with a control device.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zum Bearbeiten einer Durchgangsöffnung anzugeben, mit denen die Durchgangsöffnung mit besonders hoher Genauigkeit eingestellt werden kann. The object of the invention is to provide a method and a device for processing a through hole, with which the passage opening can be adjusted with particularly high accuracy.

Die Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch ein Verfahren mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 und eine Vorrichtung mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 9 gelöst. Bevorzugte Ausführungsbeispiele sind in den jeweils abhängigen Ansprüchen angegeben.The object is achieved by a method having the features of claim 1 and a device having the features of claim 9. Preferred embodiments are given in the respective dependent claims.

Gemäß einem ersten Aspekt der Erfindung ist das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zunächst der Gegendruck in etwa gleich dem Schleifdruck eingestellt wird und dass anschließend zum Erzeugen der Strömung eine Druckdifferenz zwischen dem Schleifdruck und dem Gegendruck eingestellt wird.According to a first aspect of the invention, the method according to the invention is characterized in that first the counter-pressure is set approximately equal to the grinding pressure and subsequently that for generating the flow, a pressure difference between the grinding pressure and the backpressure is set.

Ein Grundgedanke der Erfindung liegt darin, dass zu Beginn der Bearbeitung der Druck beiderseits der Durchgangsöffnung, die auch als Kanal bezeichnet werden kann, zumindest annähernd identisch eingestellt wird. Somit besteht zu Beginn der Bearbeitung kein oder allenfalls ein geringer Druckunterschied entlang der Durchgangsöffnung, und folglich ist die Strömungsgeschwindigkeit des Abtragungsfluids in der Durchgangsöffnung und daher auch die Abtragungsrate an der Durchgangsöffnung zu Beginn der Bearbeitung gleich Null oder allenfalls sehr gering. Erfindungsgemäß wird dann im Anschluss an das Einstellen des Gegendrucks und des Schleifdrucks auf zumindest in etwa gleiche Werte eine von Null verschiedene Druckdifferenz zwischen dem Schleifdruck, der auch als Bearbeitungsdruck oder Vordruck bezeichnet werden kann, und dem Gegendruck eingestellt. Aufgrund dieser Druckdifferenz zwischen den beiden Seiten der Durchgangsöffnung wird das Abtragungsfluid nun in Strömung versetzt und es erfolgt eine Materialabtragung an der Durchgangsöffnung, die sowohl im Inneren der Durchgangsöffnung als auch an ihrem Randbereich, d.h. an ihrer schleifdruck- und/oder gegendruckseitigen Kante, stattfinden kann. Erfindungsgemäß sind somit die Druckverhältnisse an der Durchgangsöffnung bereits zu Beginn der Bearbeitung genau definiert, weshalb eine besonders exakte Bearbeitung ermöglicht wird. Die Einstellung von Schleif- und Gegendruck kann durch eine bevorzugt aktiv ausgebildete Steuerung erfolgen.A basic idea of the invention lies in the fact that at the beginning of the processing, the pressure on both sides of the passage opening, which can also be referred to as a channel, is set at least approximately identically. Thus, there is no or at most a small at the beginning of the processing Pressure difference along the through hole, and thus the flow rate of the Abtragungsfluids in the through hole and therefore the rate of removal at the passage opening at the beginning of processing is zero or at most very low. According to the invention, then, following the adjustment of the backpressure and the grinding pressure to at least approximately equal values, a non-zero pressure difference between the grinding pressure, which can also be referred to as the processing pressure or admission pressure, and the back pressure is set. Due to this pressure difference between the two sides of the passage opening the Abtragungsfluid is now in flow and there is a removal of material at the through hole, which can take place both in the interior of the through hole and at its edge region, ie at its sanding pressure and / or pressure side edge , Thus, according to the invention, the pressure conditions at the passage opening are already precisely defined at the beginning of the machining, which is why particularly precise machining is made possible. The adjustment of grinding and counter-pressure can be done by a preferably active trained control.

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren ist insbesondere geeignet für die Bearbeitung von Steuer- und/oder Düsenbohrungen, insbesondere an Bauteilen von Kraftstoffeinspritzventilen. Bevorzugterweise kann das Verfahren zur Durchflusseinstellung der Durchgangsöffnung dienen. Dabei ist das Verfahren auch dahingehend vorteilhaft, dass zu Beginn der Bearbeitung bei zumindest annähernd konstanten Druckverhältnissen häufig ein besonders hoher zeitlicher Anstieg des Durchflusses des Abtragungsfluides auftritt und der Anstieg mit zunehmender Bearbeitungsdauer immer geringer wird, da immer mehr Material an der schleifdruckseitigen Kante der Durchgangsöffnung entfernt werden muss. Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren gewährleistet aber gerade zu Beginn des Schleifprozesses besonders gut definierte Strömungsverhältnisse, so dass der Durchfluss besonders genau einstellbar ist.The method according to the invention is particularly suitable for the machining of control and / or nozzle bores, in particular on components of fuel injection valves. Preferably, the method can serve for flow adjustment of the passage opening. In this case, the method is also advantageous in that at the beginning of processing at at least approximately constant pressure conditions often a particularly high increase in the time of flow of Abtragungsfluides occurs and the increase with increasing Processing time is getting smaller, as more and more material must be removed at the grinding pressure side edge of the passage opening. However, the method according to the invention ensures especially well-defined flow conditions, especially at the beginning of the grinding process, so that the flow rate can be set particularly precisely.

Bei dem Abtragungsfluid kann es sich grundsätzlich um ein beliebiges strömungsfähiges Kontinuum handeln, welches auf das die Durchgangsöffnung umgebende Material unter Strömung eine abtragende Wirkung hat. Besonders bevorzugt ist es, dass das Abtragungsfluid eine hydroerosive Schleifflüssigkeit mit einer Trägerflüssigkeit und darin enthaltenen Schleifpartikeln ist. Unter hydroerosiven Schleifflüssigkeiten im Sinne der Erfindung können sowohl Schleifflüssigkeiten mit einer Trägerflüssigkeit auf Wasserbasis als auch solche mit einer Trägerflüssigkeit auf Ölbasis oder einer sonstigen Basis verstanden werden. Insbesondere kann das hydroerosive Abtragungsfluid erfindungsgemäß auch wasserfrei sein. Der abrasive Anteil der abrasiven Schleifpartikel in der Schleifflüssigkeit wird geeigneterweise so eingestellt, dass ein möglichst breiter Eingangstoleranzbereich für den Durchmesser und/oder für den Durchfluss der Durchgangsöffnung bei geeigneten Bearbeitungszeiten für den Schleifprozess abgedeckt werden kann. Insbesondere kann das Abtragungsfluid derart gewählt werden, dass im Laufe der Bearbeitung im Mittel eine Durchflusssteigerung, d.h. eine Steigerung der Durchflussrate des Abtragungsfluids, von etwa 7 % bis 15 % erzielt wird, die vorzugsweise unabhängig von der Kanalgeometrie vorgesehen wird.In principle, the removal fluid can be any flowable continuum which has an erosive effect on the material surrounding the passage opening under flow. It is particularly preferred that the ablation fluid is a hydroerosive abrasive fluid having a carrier liquid and abrasive particles contained therein. Hydroerosive grinding fluids in the context of the invention can be understood as meaning both grinding fluids with a water-based carrier fluid and those with an oil-based carrier fluid or another base. In particular, the hydroerosive ablation fluid according to the invention may also be anhydrous. The abrasive portion of the abrasive abrasive particles in the grinding fluid is suitably adjusted so that the widest possible input tolerance range for the diameter and / or flow rate of the passage opening can be covered at suitable processing times for the grinding process. In particular, the ablation fluid may be selected such that, during processing, an average increase in flow, i. an increase in the flow rate of the ablation fluid, of about 7% to 15% is achieved, which is preferably provided independently of the channel geometry.

Eine besonders bevorzugte Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass vor dem Einstellen der Druckdifferenz der Gegendruck zusammen mit dem Schleifdruck hochgefahren wird. Bei dieser bevorzugten Verfahrensvariante werden die Drücke auf beiden Seiten der Durchgangsöffnung zu Beginn des Bearbeitungsvorganges parallel, d.h. gleichzeitig aufgebaut, wobei der Schleifdruck und der Gegendruck bereits beim Hochfahren zumindest annähernd gleich eingestellt sind.A particularly preferred embodiment of the invention is characterized in that before setting the pressure difference the back pressure is ramped up together with the grinding pressure. In this preferred variant of the method, the pressures on both sides of the passage opening at the beginning of the machining process in parallel, that is constructed at the same time, the grinding pressure and the back pressure are already set at least approximately the same at startup.

Grundsätzlich ist es möglich, die Druckdifferenz im Anschluss an die Gleicheinstellung von Gegendruck und Schleifdruck dadurch zu erzeugen, dass der Gegendruck gegenüber dem Schleifdruck erniedrigt wird, wobei der Schleifdruck insbesondere konstant bleibt. Besonders bevorzugt ist jedoch, dass zum Erzeugen der Druckdifferenz für die Strömung der Schleifdruck zunächst gegenüber dem Gegendruck erhöht wird. Geeigneterweise wird dabei der Gegendruck konstant gehalten. Eine solche Verfahrensführung kann prozesstechnisch insbesondere mittels Kolbenpumpen besonders einfach realisiert werden.In principle, it is possible to generate the pressure difference following the equal adjustment of the backpressure and the sanding pressure by lowering the back pressure relative to the sanding pressure, the sanding pressure remaining constant in particular. However, it is particularly preferred that for generating the pressure difference for the flow of the grinding pressure is first increased relative to the back pressure. Suitably, the back pressure is kept constant. Such a process control can be implemented particularly easily in terms of process technology, in particular by means of piston pumps.

Erfindungsgemäß ist ferner besonders vorteilhaft, dass mindestens eine Kenngröße der Durchgangsöffnung, insbesondere eine Durchflussrate, deren zeitliche Änderung, ein Durchmesser, eine Materialabtragungsrate, ein Druck und/oder ein Wandneigungswinkel, ermittelt wird und dass die Druckdifferenz in Abhängigkeit der mindestens einen Kenngröße eingestellt wird. Eine derartige Verfahrensführung ermöglicht eine gezielte, insbesondere bauteilabhängige Einstellung der Bearbeitungsgeschwindigkeit durch gezielte Einstellung und Regelung des Schleifdrucks und des Gegendrucks anhand der ermittelten Kenngröße der Durchgangsöffnung. Hierdurch können einerseits zu hohe Abtragungsraten, dass heißt zu geringe Bearbeitungszeiten, die eine genaue Prozesskontrolle erschweren, weitestgehend vermieden werden. Andererseits können auch zu geringe Abtragungsraten, die die Bearbeitungszeiten erhöhen und somit den Bauteildurchsatz in der Produktion verringern können, weitesgehend vermieden werden. Die bevorzugte Verfahrensführung ermöglicht es insbesondere, Durchflusstoleranzen, die beispielsweise in herstellungsbedingten Durchmessertoleranzen der Durchgangsöffnung begründet sein können, zu berücksichtigen.According to the invention, it is further particularly advantageous that at least one parameter of the through-opening, in particular a flow rate, whose temporal change, a diameter, a material removal rate, a pressure and / or a wall inclination angle, is determined and that the pressure difference is set as a function of the at least one characteristic. Such a process control allows a targeted, in particular component-dependent adjustment of the processing speed by targeted adjustment and control of the grinding pressure and the backpressure on the basis of the determined characteristic of the through hole. As a result, on the one hand, too high removal rates, that is, too short processing times, the exact process control complicate, be largely avoided. On the other hand, too low ablation rates, which can increase the processing times and thus reduce the component throughput in production, can be largely avoided. The preferred process management makes it possible, in particular, to take into account flow tolerances, which may be due, for example, to manufacturing-related diameter tolerances of the passage opening.

Insbesondere bei Verwendung eines Senkerosionsverfahrens zum Einbringen von Bohrung können derartige Durchflusstoleranzen beispielsweise etwa +/- 5 % betragen. Durch die erfindungsgemäß kenngrößenabhängige Regelung der Druckdifferenz können aus diesem Toleranzbereich resultierende Schwankungen der Zeiten für die hydroerosive Bearbeitung, die auf dem relativ großen Einfluß der Durchflussraten auf die Bearbeitungszeiten beruhen, stark vermindert werden. Zur Anpassung der Druckdifferenz an unterschiedliche Durchmesser der Durchgangsöffnungen kann als Kenngröße insbesondere die Durchflussrate des Abtragungsfluids durch die Durchgangsöffnung bestimmt werden. Der Durchmesser der Durchgangsöffnung kann aber auch in sonstiger Weise direkt oder indirekt bestimmt werden.In particular, when using a sink erosion method for introducing bore such flow tolerances may be for example about +/- 5%. As a result of the regulation of the pressure difference according to the invention, it is possible to greatly reduce fluctuations in the times for hydroerosive processing resulting from this tolerance range, which are based on the relatively large influence of the flow rates on the processing times. In order to adapt the pressure difference to different diameters of the passage openings, the flow rate of the ablation fluid through the passage opening can be determined in particular as a parameter. The diameter of the passage opening can also be determined directly or indirectly in any other way.

Neben einer Berücksichtigung von Toleranzen im Durchmesser und/oder in der Durchflussrate der Durchgangsöffnung können mittels der kenngrößenabhängigen Einstellung der Druckdifferenz aber auch unterschiedliche Kanalgeometrien, d.h. Querschnittsformen der Durchgangsöffnung berücksichtigt werden. Hierzu kann bevorzugt die zeitliche Änderung der Durchflussrate des Abtragungsfluids in der Durchgangsöffnung bestimmt werden. Es kann aber auch der Wandneigungswinkel an der schleifdruck- und/oder gegendruckseitigen Kante der Durchgangsöffnung auf andere Weise direkt oder indirekt bestimmt werden. Bei der Bestimmung der zeitlichen Änderung der Durchflussrate, d.h. deren zeitlichen Ableitung, kann berücksichtigt werden, dass bei einem konisch nach außen öffnenden Kanal, d.h. bei einem Kanal, dessen schleifdruckseitiger Durchmesser kleiner als sein gegendruckseitiger Durchmesser ist, der Anstieg der Durchflussrate zu Beginn der Bearbeitung durch die eintretende Bohrungsdurchmessererweiterung verglichen mit einem zylindrischen Kanal erhöht ist. Bei einem konisch nach außen verjüngten Kanal hingegen, d.h. bei einem Kanal, dessen schleifdruckseitiger Durchmesser größer als sein gegendruckseitiger Durchmesser ist, wird der anfängliche Durchflussanstieg nach kurzer Bearbeitungsdauer verlangsamt, da die Drosselwirkung des Kanals maßgeblich durch die Verjüngung des Kanals bestimmt wird.In addition to taking into account tolerances in the diameter and / or in the flow rate of the passage opening, by means of the characteristic-size-dependent adjustment of the pressure difference but also different channel geometries, ie cross-sectional shapes of the passage opening can be taken into account. For this purpose, preferably the temporal change of the flow rate of the ablation fluid in the passage opening can be determined. But it can also be the wall tilt angle be determined directly or indirectly at the grinding pressure and / or counter pressure side edge of the through hole in another way. When determining the change with time of the flow rate, ie its time derivative, it can be taken into account that with a conically outwardly opening channel, ie with a channel whose grinding-pressure-side diameter is smaller than its counter-pressure-side diameter, the increase in the flow rate at the beginning of the processing is increased by the entering bore diameter extension compared to a cylindrical channel. On the other hand, in the case of a conically outwardly tapered channel, ie a channel whose diameter on the slip pressure side is greater than its counterpressure-side diameter, the initial flow increase is slowed down after a short processing time, since the throttling effect of the channel is largely determined by the tapering of the channel.

Durch die erfindungsgemäße kenngrößenabhängige Einstellung der Druckdifferenz kann weitestgehend verhindert werden, dass Teile am oberen Durchflusstoleranzband und/oder solche mit konisch nach außen öffnender Kanalgeometrie durch zu kurze Bearbeitungszeiten auf einen fehlerhaften Durchflusswert geschliffen werden und dadurch aus dem Produktionsprozess ausgeschleust werden müssen. Andererseits kann weitestgehend verhindert werden, dass bei Teilen mit konisch nach außen verjüngter Kanalgeometrie die Schleifzeiten zu lang werden, wodurch gegebenenfalls die in einer Kolbenpumpe eingespeicherte Abtragungsfluidmenge nicht zur Beendigung der Bearbeitung ausreicht und somit die Bearbeitung unterbrochen werden muss, was zu einer wesentlichen Verlängerung der Bearbeitungsdauer sowie zu einem erhöhten Ausschussanteil führen kann.Due to the characteristic-size-dependent adjustment of the pressure difference according to the invention, it can largely be prevented that parts at the upper flow-through tolerance band and / or those with a conically outwardly opening channel geometry are ground to an erroneous flow value due to too short processing times and thus have to be removed from the production process. On the other hand, it can be largely prevented that in parts with conically outwardly tapered channel geometry, the grinding times are too long, which may not be sufficient to complete the processing and thus the processing must be interrupted, resulting in a substantial extension of the processing time, the stored in a piston pump ablation fluid as well as an increased reject rate.

Eine besonders brauchbare Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Druckdifferenz zunächst auf einen vorher bestimmten, ersten Druckdifferenzwert eingestellt und die Kenngröße ermittelt wird und dass die Druckdifferenz anschließend kenngrößenabhängig eingestellt wird. In dieser Ausführungsform erfolgt die Bestimmung der Kenngröße und insbesondere der Durchflusseigenschaften der Durchgangsöffnung bereits am Prozessbeginn, bevorzugt unmittelbar nach dem Einstellen des ersten Druckdifferenzwertes. Der Prozess ist hierdurch bereits in der Anfangsphase des Schleifprozesses steuerbar, wodurch Durchgangsöffnungen mit einer besonders breiten Bauteiltolerenz zuverlässig auf einen Zielwert hin bearbeitet werden können.A particularly useful embodiment of the method according to the invention is characterized in that the pressure difference is initially adjusted to a previously determined, first pressure difference value and the parameter is determined and that the pressure difference is then set as a function of the characteristic size. In this embodiment, the determination of the parameter and in particular of the flow properties of the through-opening takes place already at the beginning of the process, preferably immediately after setting the first pressure difference value. As a result, the process can already be controlled in the initial phase of the grinding process, as a result of which through-openings with a particularly wide component tolerance can be processed reliably to a target value.

Erfindungsgemäß besonders bevorzugt ist es, dass der erste Druckdifferenzwert relativ zum Schleifdruck 5 bis 15 %, insbesondere etwa 10 % beträgt. Ein solcher Druckdifferenzwert ermöglicht eine sichere Kenngrößenbestimmung bei gleichzeitig ausreichend niedriger anfänglicher Abtragungsrate.According to the invention it is particularly preferred that the first pressure difference value relative to the grinding pressure is 5 to 15%, in particular about 10%. Such a pressure difference value enables a reliable characteristic determination with sufficiently low initial ablation rate.

Eine besondere geeignete Weiterbildung der Erfindung besteht ferner darin, dass die Druckdifferenz invers zur Durchflussrate und/oder dem Durchmesser eingestellt wird. Hierunter wird verstanden, dass die Druckdifferenz bei geringer Durchflussrate und/oder geringem Durchmesser der Durchgangsöffnung vergrößert und bei großer Durchflussrate und/oder großem Durchmesser verkleinert wird. Hierdurch wird eine besonders wirksame Kontrolle des Bearbeitungsprozesses ermöglicht.A particular suitable development of the invention further consists in that the pressure difference is set inversely to the flow rate and / or the diameter. This is understood to mean that the pressure difference is increased at a low flow rate and / or a small diameter of the passage opening and is reduced at a high flow rate and / or a large diameter. This allows a particularly effective control of the machining process.

Erfindungsgemäß kann es besonders nützlich sein, dass die Richtung der Strömung in der Durchgangsöffnung insbesondere kenngrößenabhängig umgekehrt wird. Dies kann vor allem bei Vorliegen einer konisch nach außen verjüngten Kanalgeometrie der Durchgangsöffnung durchgeführt werden, d.h. bei einem Kanal, dessen schleifdruckseitiger Durchmesser größer als sein gegendruckseitiger Durchmesser ist. Durch die umgekehrte Strömung des Abtragungsfluids von der Gegendruckseite auf die Schleifdruckseite des Bauteils wird gezielt die gegendruckseitige Seite, d.h. die auslassseitige Seite der Durchgangsöffnung bearbeitet, was zu einer besonders wirksamen Vergrößerung der Durchgangsöffnung führt. Die zum Nachweis einer nach außen verjüngten Kanalgeometrie und zur Umkehr der Strömung herangezogene Kenngröße kann insbesondere die zeitliche Änderung der Durchflussrate und/oder der Wandneigungswinkel an der gegendruckseitigen Kante der Durchgangsöffnung sein.According to the invention, it can be particularly useful that the direction of the flow in the passage opening is reversed, in particular as a function of the characteristic variable. This can be done especially in the presence of a conically outwardly tapered channel geometry of the through-hole, i. in a channel whose grinding pressure side diameter is greater than its counter-pressure-side diameter. By the reverse flow of the Abtragungsfluids from the counter-pressure side to the grinding pressure side of the component is targeted to the back pressure side, i. edited the outlet side of the passage opening, resulting in a particularly effective enlargement of the passage opening. The parameter used for the detection of an outwardly tapered channel geometry and for reversing the flow can be, in particular, the temporal change of the flow rate and / or the wall inclination angle at the counterpressure-side edge of the through-opening.

Die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung dient zur Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens, wodurch die in diesem Zusammenhang beschriebenen Vorteile erreicht werden. Bei der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung ist vorgesehen, dass die Steuerung mit der Gegendruckerzeugungseinrichtung zum Steuern des Gegendrucks in Verbindung steht. Hierdurch kann ein unabhängiges Steuern des Schleifdrucks und des Gegendrucks realisiert werden. Bevorzugt können diese Drücke auch zu Beginn der Bearbeitung, zunächst durchflussratenunabhängig eingestellt werden. Hierdurch wird eine besonders präzise Bearbeitung der Durchgangsöffnung ermöglichst. Unter dem Steuern der Drücke kann erfindungsgemäß auch ein Regeln verstanden werden.The device according to the invention serves to carry out the method according to the invention, whereby the advantages described in this context are achieved. In the device according to the invention it is provided that the controller is in communication with the counter-pressure generating device for controlling the counter-pressure. As a result, an independent control of the grinding pressure and the back pressure can be realized. Preferably, these pressures can also be set at the beginning of processing, first flow rate independent. As a result, a particularly precise processing of the passage opening ermöglichst. Under the control of the pressures can be understood according to the invention also a rules.

Eine besonders bevorzugte Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine Kenngrößenerfassungseinrichtung zum Ermitteln mindestens einer Kenngröße der Durchgangsöffnung vorgesehen ist, und dass die Kenngrößenerfassungseinrichtung zum kenngrößenabhängigen Steuern einer Druckdifferenz zwischen dem Schleifdruck und dem Gegendruck mit der Steuerung in Verbindung steht. Bei der mindestens einen Kenngröße kann es sich insbesondere um eine der im Zusammenhang mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren beschriebenen Kenngrößen handeln, wodurch mit der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung eine Steuerung der Druckdifferenz und folglich der Durchflussrate des Abtragungsfluides in Abhängigkeit von den Abmessungen und der Geometrie der Durchgangsöffnung erfolgen kann.A particularly preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention is characterized in that a characteristic quantity detecting device is provided for determining at least one characteristic of the through-opening, and that the characteristic quantity detecting device for the characteristic-size-dependent control of a pressure difference between the grinding pressure and the back pressure is in communication with the controller. The at least one parameter may in particular be one of the parameters described in connection with the method according to the invention, whereby the device according to the invention can be used to control the pressure difference and consequently the flow rate of the ablation fluid depending on the dimensions and the geometry of the through-opening.

Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend unter Bezugnahme auf die Zeichnung anhand von bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispielen näher erläutert. Die einzige Figur zeigt schematisch:

Fig. 1
eine erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung zum Bearbeiten einer Durchgangsöffnung.
The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to the drawing with reference to preferred embodiments. The single figure shows schematically:
Fig. 1
an inventive device for processing a through hole.

Eine erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung ist in der Fig. 1 dargestellt. Die Vorrichtung weist einen Vorratsbehälter 22 zur Aufnahme von Abtragungsfluid auf. Der Vorratsbehälter 22 steht über ein erstes Absperrorgan 23 mit einer Schleifdruckkolbenpumpe 30 einer Schleifdruckerzeugungseinrichtung in Fluidverbindung, die einen zeitlich konstanten Volumenstrom und/oder einen zeitlich konstanten Druck des Abtragungsfluids erzeugen kann. Zur Steuerung des Pumpvolumens weist die Schleifdruckkolbenpumpe 30 eine Spindel 32 auf, die von einem als Schrittmotor ausgebildeten Motor 33 angetrieben wird und die zusammen mit einem Hydraulikzylinder 34 einen Kolben 31 der Schleifdruckkolbenpumpe 30 antreibt.A device according to the invention is shown in FIG. The device has a reservoir 22 for receiving ablation fluid. The reservoir 22 is connected via a first obturator 23 with a grinding pressure piston pump 30 of a grinding pressure generating device in fluid communication, which can produce a temporally constant volume flow and / or a time constant pressure of Abtragungsfluids. To control the pumping volume, the grinding pressure piston pump 30 has a spindle 32, which is formed by a motor 33 designed as a stepper motor is driven and which drives a piston 31 of the grinding pressure piston pump 30 together with a hydraulic cylinder 34.

Über einen Durchflusssensor 25 einer nicht dargestellten Kenngrößenerfassungseinrichtung sowie ein zweites Absperrorgan 24 steht die Schleifdruckkolbenpume 30 seitens einer Einlaufseite 3 einer Durchgangsöffnung 10 in einem Bauteil 1 mit dieser Durchgangsöffnung 10 in Fluidverbindung. Zwischen der Schleifdruckkolbenpumpe 30 und dem zweiten Absperrorgan 24 ist ein Schleifdrucksensor 26 zum Bestimmen des Schleifdrucks oberstromig und einlaufseitig des Bauteils 1 vorgesehen. Die im Bauteil 1 befindliche und als Bohrung ausgebildete Durchgangsöffnung 10 wird beim erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren durch fließendes Abtragungsfluid insbesondere einlaufseitig an einer einlaufseitigen Einlasskante verrundet.Via a flow sensor 25 of a characteristic measuring device, not shown, and a second obturator 24 is the Schleifdruckkolbenpume 30 from an inlet side 3 of a through hole 10 in a component 1 with this passage opening 10 in fluid communication. Between the grinding pressure piston pump 30 and the second obturator 24, a grinding pressure sensor 26 for determining the grinding pressure upstream and upstream of the component 1 is provided. In the method according to the invention, the passage opening 10 located in the component 1 and designed as a bore is rounded by flowing ablation fluid, in particular on the inlet side, at an inlet-side inlet edge.

Seitens ihrer Auslaufseite 5 steht die Durchgangsöffnung 10 über ein drittes Absperrorgen 44 mit einer Gegendruckkolbenpumpe 40 einer Gegendruckerzeugungseinrichtung in Verbindung, die zum Erzeugen eines auslaufseitigen Gegendrucks dient. Die Gegendruckkolbenpumpe 40 ist hydraulisch betätigbar ausgebildet. Zwischen dem dritten Absperrsorgan 44 und der Gegendruckkolbenpumpe 40 ist ein Gegendrucksensor 46 zum Bestimmen des Gegendrucks angeordnet. Über ein viertes Absperrorgan 45 steht die Gegendruckkolbenpumpe 40 zum Entleeren mit einer Ablaufleitung 50 in Verbindung.On the side of its outlet side 5, the passage opening 10 is connected via a third shut-off 44 with a counter-pressure piston pump 40 of a counter-pressure generating device in connection, which serves to generate an outlet-side back pressure. The counter-pressure piston pump 40 is formed hydraulically actuated. Between the third shut-off member 44 and the counter-pressure piston pump 40, a back pressure sensor 46 is arranged for determining the backpressure. Via a fourth obturator 45, the counter-pressure piston pump 40 is connected to a drain line 50 for emptying.

Die dargestellte Vorrichtung kann insbesondere zur Konstantdruckbearbeitung und/oder zur Konstantvolumenstrombearbeitung der Durchgangsöffnung 10 dienen. Bei der ersten Verfahrensvariante, der Konstantdruckbearbeitung, werden zu Beginn der Bearbeitung mittels der Schleifdruckkolbenpumpe 30 und der Gegendruckkolbenpumpe 40 die Drücke an der Einlaufseite 3 und an der Auslaufseite 5 des Bauteils 1 parallel aufgebaut, wodurch in der Durchgangsöffnung 10 noch keine Strömung des Abtragungsfluids erzeugt wird und somit keine effektive Bearbeitung der Durchgangsöffnung 10 erfolgt. Mit Erreichen eines auslaufseitigen Solldrucks, der mittels des Gegendrucksensors 46 bestimmt werden kann, wird der Gegendruckaufbau gestoppt und lediglich der einlaufseitige, d.h. der eingangsseitige Druck weiter gesteigert, bis ein Druck erreicht wird, der unter Ausbildung einer Druckdifferenz an der Durchgangsöffnung 10 geringfügig höher ist als der Solldruck und einen vergleichsweise geringen und langsamen Materialabtrag in der Durchgangsöffnung 10 gewährleistet. Bei dieser Druckdifferenz wird mittels des Durchflusssensors 25 eine Bestimmung des Durchflusses sowie der zeitlichen Durchflussänderung durchgeführt.The device shown can be used in particular for constant pressure machining and / or for constant volumetric flow processing of the passage opening 10. In the first Process variant, the constant pressure processing, the pressures at the inlet side 3 and at the outlet side 5 of the component 1 are built parallel to the beginning of processing by means of the grinding pressure piston pump 30 and the counter-pressure piston pump 40, whereby in the passage opening 10 no flow of Abtragungsfluids is generated and thus no effective processing of the passage opening 10 takes place. Upon reaching a discharge-side target pressure, which can be determined by means of the back pressure sensor 46, the counter-pressure buildup is stopped and only the inlet side, ie the input-side pressure further increased until a pressure is reached, which is slightly higher than forming a pressure difference at the through hole 10 the target pressure and a comparatively low and slow removal of material in the passage opening 10 is ensured. In this pressure difference, a determination of the flow and the temporal flow change is performed by means of the flow sensor 25.

Weist das Ergebnis auf ein Bauteil 1 im oberen Durchflusstoleranzfeld hin, werden der Schleifdruck und der Gegendruck unverändert gelassen und die Bearbeitung wird fortgeführt.If the result points to a component 1 in the upper flow tolerance field, the grinding pressure and the back pressure are left unchanged and the processing is continued.

Weist das Ergebnis auf ein Bauteil 1 im mittlerem Durchflusstoleranzfeld hin, wird der Gegendruck abgesenkt, wodurch der Materialabtrag an der eingangsseitige Kante der Durchgangsöffnung 10 und somit die Bearbeitungsgeschwindigkeit gesteigert wird.If the result points to a component 1 in the middle flow-through tolerance field, the counter-pressure is lowered, as a result of which the material removal at the input-side edge of the through-opening 10 and thus the processing speed are increased.

Weist das Ergebnis auf ein Bauteil 1 im unteren Durchflusstoleranzfeld hin, wird der Gegendruck abgesenkt und gleichzeitig der Schleifdruck angehoben, wodurch der Materialabtrag an der eingangsseitigen Kante der Durchgangsöffnung 10 und somit die Bearbeitungsgeschwindigkeit weiter gesteigert wird.If the result points to a component 1 in the lower flow tolerance field, the counterpressure is lowered and at the same time the grinding pressure is raised, whereby the material removal at the input side edge of the through hole 10 and thus the processing speed is further increased.

Tritt während der Bearbeitung eine Stagnation des zeitlichen Anstieges des Durchflusses ein, so kann dies auf eine konisch nach außen, d.h. zur Auslaufseite 5 hin verjüngte Geometrie der Durchgangsöffnung 10 hinweisen. In diesem Fall kann der Gegendruck so weit angehoben, dass sich ein inverser Fluss, d.h. eine inverse Strömung des Abtragungsfluids durch die Durchgangsöffnung 10 einstellt und somit gezielt die Auslaufseite 5 bearbeitet wird, wodurch der Durchmesser der Durchgangsöffnung 10 besonders effizient vergrößert wird. Vor Erreichen eines gewünschten Sollwertes für den Durchfluss wird der Gegendruck wieder auf den vorherigen Wert abgesenkt und die Bearbeitung mit normaler Strömungsrichtung zu Ende geführt.If a stagnation of the flow rate increase occurs during processing, this may be due to a conical outward, i.e., outward, flow. to the outlet side 5 towards tapered geometry of the through hole 10 indicate. In this case, the back pressure can be raised so that an inverse flow, i. adjusts an inverse flow of Abtragungsfluids through the passage opening 10 and thus specifically the outlet side 5 is processed, whereby the diameter of the passage opening 10 is particularly efficiently increased. Before reaching a desired setpoint for the flow, the back pressure is lowered again to the previous value and the processing with normal flow direction is completed.

Die für die unterschiedlichen Bearbeitungsdrücke unterschiedlichen Solldurchflüsse werden von einer Steuerung für jedes Druckverhältnis individuell berechnet. Als Abschaltkriterium kann ein vom Durchflusssensor 25 gelieferter Wert verwendet werden.The desired flow rates, which are different for the different processing pressures, are calculated individually by a controller for each pressure ratio. As a shutdown criterion, a value supplied by the flow sensor 25 can be used.

Bei der zweiten Verfahrensvariante, der Konstantvolumenstrombearbeitung, werden zur Beginn der Bearbeitung ebenfalls mittels der Schleifdruckkolbenpumpe 30 und der Gegendruckkolbenpumpe 40 der Schleifdruck an der Einlaufseite 3 und der Gegendruck an der Auslaufseite 5 parallel aufgebaut, wodurch keine effektive Bearbeitung erfolgt. Mit Erreichen eines auslaufseitigen Solldrucks wird der Gegendruckaufbau gestoppt und der einlaufseitige Schleifdruck wird weiter gesteigert, bis unter Ausbildung einer Druckdifferenz ein Schleifdruck erreicht wird, der nur geringfügig höher ist als der Gegendruck, wodurch ein vergleichsweise geringer Materialabtrag gewährleistet wird. Bei diesem Druckverhältnis wird mittels des Durchflusssensors 25 eine Bestimmung des Durchflusses, d.h. der Durchflussrate durchgeführt.In the second variant of the method, the constant volumetric flow processing, the grinding pressure on the inlet side 3 and the back pressure on the outlet side 5 are also built parallel to the beginning of machining by means of the grinding pressure piston pump 30 and the counter-pressure piston pump 40, whereby no effective processing takes place. Upon reaching a discharge-side target pressure of the counter-pressure build-up is stopped and the inlet-side grinding pressure is further increased until the formation of a pressure difference, a grinding pressure is achieved, which is only slightly higher than the back pressure, whereby a comparatively low material removal is ensured. At this pressure ratio, a determination of the flow, ie the flow rate, is carried out by means of the flow sensor 25.

Weist das Ergebnis auf ein Bauteil 1 im oberen Durchflusstoleranzfeld hin, wird mittels der Schleifdruckkolbenpumpe 30 der für dieses Druckverhältnis mittels einer Steuerung errechnete Solldurchfluss erzeugt, wobei der Gegendruck mittels der Gegendruckkolbenpumpe 40 unverändert gelassen und die Bearbeitung fortgeführt wird.If the result points to a component 1 in the upper flow tolerance field, the nominal pressure flow calculated for this pressure ratio by means of a control is generated by means of the grinding pressure piston pump 30, the back pressure remaining unchanged by means of the counterpressure piston pump 40 and the processing being continued.

Weist das Ergebnis auf ein Bauteil 1 im mittleren Durchflusstoleranzfeld hin, wird mittels der Schleifdruckkolbenpumpe 30 der für dieses Druckverhältnis errechnete Solldurchfluss erzeugt, wobei der Gegendruck unverändert gelassen oder abgesenkt wird und die Bearbeitung fortgeführt wird.If the result points to a component 1 in the middle flow-through tolerance field, the setpoint flow calculated for this pressure ratio is generated by means of the grinding-pressure piston pump 30, the back pressure being left unchanged or lowered and the processing being continued.

Weist das Ergebnis auf ein Bauteil 1 im unteren Durchflusstoleranzfeld hin, wird der Schleifdruck angehoben, der Gegendruck abgesenkt und mittels der Schleifdruckkolbenpumpe 30 der für dieses Druckverhältnis errechnete Solldurchfluss erzeugt und die Bearbeitung fortgeführt.If the result points to a component 1 in the lower flow tolerance field, the grinding pressure is raised, the counterpressure is lowered and the flow pressure piston pump 30 generates the desired flow rate calculated for this pressure ratio and the processing continues.

Tritt während der Bearbeitung eine Stagnation der zeitlichen Änderung des Schleifdrucks oder der Durchflussrate ein, so kann dies auf eine konisch nach außen, d.h. zur Auslaufseite 5 hin verjüngte Geometrie der Durchgangsöffnung 10 hinweisen. In diesem Fall kann der Gegendruck so weit angehoben werden, dass sich eine inverse Strömung durch die Durchgangsöffnung 10 einstellt und somit diese Durchgangsöffnung 10 an der Auslaufseite 5 bearbeitet wird wodurch der Durchmesser der Durchgangsöffnung 10 besonders effizient vergrößert wird. Vor Erreichen eines gewünschten Sollwertes für den Durchfluss wird der Gegendruck wieder auf den vorherigen Wert abgesenkt und die Bearbeitung mit normaler Strömungsrichtung zu Ende geführt.If a stagnation of the time change of the grinding pressure or the flow rate occurs during processing, this may be due to a conically outwardly, ie towards the outlet side 5, tapered geometry of the passage opening 10 clues. In this case, the back pressure can be raised so far that sets an inverse flow through the through hole 10 and thus this through hole 10 is processed on the outlet side 5 whereby the diameter of the through hole 10 is particularly efficiently increased. Before reaching a desired setpoint for the flow, the back pressure is lowered again to the previous value and the processing with normal flow direction is completed.

Die für die unterschiedlichen Bearbeitungsdrücke unterschiedlichen Solldurchflüsse können von einer Steuerung für jedes Druckverhältnis individuell errechnet werden. Als Abschaltkriterium kann ein vom Schleifdrucksensor 26, vom Gegendrucksensor 46 und/oder vom Durchflussmesssensor 25 gelieferte Wert verwendet werden.The different nominal flow rates for the different processing pressures can be individually calculated by a controller for each pressure ratio. As a switch-off criterion, a value supplied by the grinding pressure sensor 26, by the counter-pressure sensor 46 and / or by the flow-measuring sensor 25 can be used.

Claims (10)

  1. Method for machining a through hole (10), in particular a valve channel, in which
    - an abrasive fluid is acted upon on one side of the through hole (10) by grinding pressure and on the other side of the through hole (10) by counter-pressure and
    - the abrasive fluid is put into a flow in the through hole (10) whilst abrading material and in order to generate the flow a pressure difference is set between the grinding pressure and the counter-pressure,
    characterized in that
    prior to the setting of the pressure difference the counter-pressure is set approximately equal to the grinding pressure.
  2. Method according to claim 1,
    characterized in that
    prior to the setting of the pressure difference the counter-pressure is raised together with the grinding pressure.
  3. Method according to any one of claims 1 or 2,
    characterized in that
    for the generation of the pressure difference for the flow the grinding pressure is first increased with respect to the counter-pressure.
  4. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
    characterized in that
    at least one parameter of the through hole (10), in particular a flow rate, its variation with time, a diameter, a material abrasion rate, a pressure and/or a wall inclination angle is determined and
    in that the pressure difference is set depending on the at least one parameter.
  5. Method according to claim 4,
    characterized in that
    first the pressure difference is set to a previously defined first pressure difference value and the parameter is determined and
    in that subsequently the pressure difference is set in a parameter-dependent manner.
  6. Method according to claim 5,
    characterized in that
    the first pressure difference value amounts to 5% to 15%, in particular to approximately 10%, relative to the grinding pressure.
  7. Method according to any one of claims 4 to 6,
    characterized in that
    the pressure difference is set inversely to the flow rate and/or the diameter.
  8. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 7,
    characterized in that
    the direction of the flow in the through hole is reversed in particular in a parameter-dependent manner.
  9. Device for machining a through hole (10) with an abrasive fluid put into flow, comprising
    - a grinding pressure generating device for generating a grinding pressure in the abrasive fluid on one side of the through hole (10),
    - a counter-pressure generating device for generating a counter-pressure in the abrasive fluid on the other side of the through hole (10) and
    - a control, which is connected to the grinding pressure generating device for controlling the grinding pressure and which is furthermore connected to the counter-pressure generating device for controlling the counter-pressure,
    characterized in that
    the control is adapted to set the grinding pressure and the counter-pressure in conformity with the method according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
  10. Device according to claim 9,
    characterized in that
    a parameter determination device is provided for determining at least one parameter of the through hole (10), and
    in that the parameter determination device is connected to the control for controlling a pressure difference between the grinding pressure and the counter-pressure in a parameter-dependent manner.
EP05004133A 2004-04-21 2005-02-25 Process and device for treating a through hole with an abrasive fluid Not-in-force EP1588801B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102004019356A DE102004019356B3 (en) 2004-04-21 2004-04-21 Machining process for through aperture involves first setting counter pressure same as grinding pressure and then setting pressure difference
DE102004019356 2004-04-21

Publications (2)

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EP1588801A1 EP1588801A1 (en) 2005-10-26
EP1588801B1 true EP1588801B1 (en) 2007-08-01

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EP05004133A Not-in-force EP1588801B1 (en) 2004-04-21 2005-02-25 Process and device for treating a through hole with an abrasive fluid

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EP (1) EP1588801B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE368548T1 (en)
DE (2) DE102004019356B3 (en)
ES (1) ES2290802T3 (en)

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CN104588962B (en) * 2014-12-03 2017-08-04 中国第一汽车股份有限公司无锡油泵油嘴研究所 A kind of engine hole type nozzle single hole crush and grind device and application method
CN110238708B (en) * 2019-06-20 2024-01-23 中国工程物理研究院激光聚变研究中心 Magnetorheological fluid circulating system of magnetorheological polishing machine tool

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JPS59156661A (en) * 1983-02-26 1984-09-05 Inoue Japax Res Inc Polishing device
DE19700304C1 (en) * 1997-01-08 1998-07-23 Sonplas Gmbh Planung Montage U Flow setting method for fuel injectors in internal combustion engine
DE19941472A1 (en) * 1999-09-01 2001-03-15 Bosch Gmbh Robert Method for the calibration of throttle bores, in particular in injection valves for internal combustion engines, and device for carrying out the method
KR100571126B1 (en) * 2001-09-21 2006-04-14 익스트루드 혼 코포레이션 Floating abrasive grinding machine and floating abrasive grinding method

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DE102004019356B3 (en) 2005-09-29
EP1588801A1 (en) 2005-10-26
ATE368548T1 (en) 2007-08-15
ES2290802T3 (en) 2008-02-16
DE502005001120D1 (en) 2007-09-13

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