EP1580499A2 - Condenser cartridge, in particular for an air-conditioning unit for vehicles - Google Patents
Condenser cartridge, in particular for an air-conditioning unit for vehicles Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1580499A2 EP1580499A2 EP05075616A EP05075616A EP1580499A2 EP 1580499 A2 EP1580499 A2 EP 1580499A2 EP 05075616 A EP05075616 A EP 05075616A EP 05075616 A EP05075616 A EP 05075616A EP 1580499 A2 EP1580499 A2 EP 1580499A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- casing
- cartridge
- cartridge according
- filtering element
- cap
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000012809 cooling fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000110 cooling liquid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B43/00—Arrangements for separating or purifying gases or liquids; Arrangements for vaporising the residuum of liquid refrigerant, e.g. by heat
- F25B43/003—Filters
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2339/00—Details of evaporators; Details of condensers
- F25B2339/04—Details of condensers
- F25B2339/044—Condensers with an integrated receiver
- F25B2339/0441—Condensers with an integrated receiver containing a drier or a filter
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
- F25B2400/16—Receivers
- F25B2400/162—Receivers characterised by the plug or stop
Definitions
- the present invention refers to a condenser cartridge, in particular of an air-conditioning unit for vehicles.
- An air-conditioning unit for vehicles comprises, amongst other things, a condenser, a drying means for removing particles of water from the cooling liquid and a filtering element for holding impurities that may be present in the cooling liquid.
- the so-called condenser equipped with integrated dehydrating filter therefore has the task of removing water particles from the cooling liquid, filtering impurities that may be present in the cooling liquid and acting as an accumulator for a certain amount of liquid.
- the drying means which must be replaced after a certain period of operation of the air-conditioning unit, can be contained in a rigid casing or else in a permeable bag.
- the collector tube is therefore provided at one of its cylindrical ends with a removable cap, which makes a hermetic seal during the operation of the unit and allows access to the internal components for maintenance.
- the cylindrical caps are therefore, for example, generally equipped with at least one seat for the insertion of a rubber sealing ring, or O-ring, which makes the seal against the inside of the wall of the collector tube.
- an elastic safety element to keep the cap stably in position in the cylindrical tube during the operation of the condenser.
- the elastic safety element for example consisting of a Seeger ring, is positioned on the top of the cap itself in engagement against the inner wall of the collector tube.
- the removable caps for collector tubes can either be separate from the casing containing the drying means or possibly joined to it through a spacer shaft, rigidly connected, or else made integrally, with the cap and coupled with the cartridge.
- Cartridges made in such a way occupy the entire height of the collector tube and are positioned in axis with respect to it on the bottom, at the cap and at a separator ring that divides the inlet portion of the fluid into the collector tube from the outlet portion.
- the described cartridges with integrated cap which occupy the entire height of the tube, significantly reduce the useful volume for the cooling fluid.
- known cartridges require a spacer shaft that shall be of greater length the smaller the size of the casing containing the drying means.
- Long spacer shafts represent a waste of material, a reduction of the useful volume for the cooling fluid and increase the aforementioned problems of positioning of the cartridge inside the collector tube.
- the purpose of the present invention is that of making a condenser cartridge, in particular of an air-conditioning unit for vehicles that overcomes the quoted drawbacks.
- Another purpose of the present invention is that of making a cartridge that improves the performance of the unit.
- Another purpose of the present invention is that of making a cartridge that is particularly simple and functional, with low production and assembly costs.
- a condenser cartridge in particular of an air-conditioning unit for vehicles is shown, wholly indicated with 10.
- the cartridge 10 is shown inserted axially in an end of a cylindrical collector tube 11, stably coupled through suitable known supports with an end of a condenser, not shown.
- the cartridge 10, shown in figure 1, comprises a cylindrical cap 12, which makes the seal inside the collector tube 11, and a casing 13 that contains a drying means.
- the casing 13 can comprise a rigid containment element provided with a portion equipped with a plurality of holes, or openings 14 for the passage of the cooling fluid through the drying means, as shown in figure 1, or else it can comprise a bag that is permeable to the cooling fluid applied to the filtering element 15 according to that which is depicted in figure 4.
- the casing 13 also carries, at one of its ends, a filtering element 15 that holds possible impurities contained in the cooling liquid.
- the cap 12 and the casing 13 are coupled through a ball-and-socket joint 16.
- the ball-and-socket joint 16 in the example shown in the figures, comprises a first portion 17, or spherical element, made integrally at one end of the casing 13 and a second portion 18, or matching socket, made integrally on the inner surface of the cap 12.
- the ball-and-socket joint 16, and in particular the spherical element 17, is made on the casing 13 close to the end carrying the filtering element 15.
- a perimetric 0-ring 23 is arranged that, in the example shown, is formed integrally on the outer wall of the casing 13, but which could also be made integral with the collector tube 11.
- the cartridge 10 according to the present invention is inserted from the bottom towards the top in the lower end of the collector tube 11.
- An elastic safety ring 21 is arranged in contact with the outer surface of the cap and in engagement against the inner wall of the collector tube 11 to ensure the seal of the cap 12 in operating conditions.
- the cap 12 which makes a seal against the inner wall of the tube 11, supports the casing 13 of the cartridge 10 arranged with the filtering element 15 in the lower part of the tube 11.
- the separator ring 23 is also positioned making a seal against the inner wall of the tube 11 and divides the collector tube in a watertight manner into two separate chambers.
- the cooling fluid coming from the condenser enters through the upper inlet opening 19 into an upper chamber in which the portion of casing 13 provided with openings 14 is immersed. Then the fluid, through the openings 14, reaches the inside of the casing 13 where it meets the drying means contained. The fluid then goes out from the lower part of the casing 13 through the filtering element 15 and fills the lower chamber of the collector tube 11, from which it comes out through a lower outlet opening 20.
- projecting centring elements 22 can also be foreseen on the casing 13 of the cartridge 10, to guide the positioning of the cartridge 10 itself in the collector tube 11.
- the condenser cartridge in particular of an air-conditioning unit for vehicles object of the present invention has the advantage, when mounted in the tube, of adapting to it even in the presence of possible size imperfections ensuring a better seal of the separator ring.
- the cartridge object of the present invention is advantageously used in condenser tubes open at the lower end, in which the filtering part must be arranged close to the lower part of the tube.
- the cartridge according to the present invention can advantageously be made in small sizes.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)
- Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
- Filtering Of Dispersed Particles In Gases (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- The present invention refers to a condenser cartridge, in particular of an air-conditioning unit for vehicles.
- An air-conditioning unit for vehicles comprises, amongst other things, a condenser, a drying means for removing particles of water from the cooling liquid and a filtering element for holding impurities that may be present in the cooling liquid.
- It is know commonplace to integrate the drying means and the filtering element directly inside a collector tube of the condenser.
- The so-called condenser equipped with integrated dehydrating filter therefore has the task of removing water particles from the cooling liquid, filtering impurities that may be present in the cooling liquid and acting as an accumulator for a certain amount of liquid. The drying means, which must be replaced after a certain period of operation of the air-conditioning unit, can be contained in a rigid casing or else in a permeable bag.
- The collector tube is therefore provided at one of its cylindrical ends with a removable cap, which makes a hermetic seal during the operation of the unit and allows access to the internal components for maintenance.
- The cylindrical caps are therefore, for example, generally equipped with at least one seat for the insertion of a rubber sealing ring, or O-ring, which makes the seal against the inside of the wall of the collector tube.
- Moreover, it is known to arrange an elastic safety element to keep the cap stably in position in the cylindrical tube during the operation of the condenser. The elastic safety element, for example consisting of a Seeger ring, is positioned on the top of the cap itself in engagement against the inner wall of the collector tube.
- The removable caps for collector tubes can either be separate from the casing containing the drying means or possibly joined to it through a spacer shaft, rigidly connected, or else made integrally, with the cap and coupled with the cartridge.
- Cartridges made in such a way occupy the entire height of the collector tube and are positioned in axis with respect to it on the bottom, at the cap and at a separator ring that divides the inlet portion of the fluid into the collector tube from the outlet portion.
- Such cartridges do not carry out an optimal positioning between the cartridge and the collector tube. Indeed, both of the components must currently be produced with a high precision of dimensions to make a correct seal of the intermediate ring on the inner wall of the collector tube, an indispensable condition for the correct operation of the air-conditioning unit.
- Moreover, the described cartridges with integrated cap, which occupy the entire height of the tube, significantly reduce the useful volume for the cooling fluid.
- In addition, known cartridges require a spacer shaft that shall be of greater length the smaller the size of the casing containing the drying means. Long spacer shafts represent a waste of material, a reduction of the useful volume for the cooling fluid and increase the aforementioned problems of positioning of the cartridge inside the collector tube.
- The purpose of the present invention is that of making a condenser cartridge, in particular of an air-conditioning unit for vehicles that overcomes the quoted drawbacks.
- Another purpose of the present invention is that of making a cartridge that improves the performance of the unit.
- Another purpose of the present invention is that of making a cartridge that is particularly simple and functional, with low production and assembly costs.
- These purpose according to the present invention are accomplished by making a condenser cartridge, in particular of an air-conditioning unit for vehicles as outlined in claim 1.
- Further characteristics of a cartridge are object of the dependent claims.
- The characteristics and advantages of a condenser cartridge, in particular of an air-conditioning unit for vehicles according to the present invention shall become clearer from the following description, given as an example and not limiting purposes, referring to the attached schematic drawings in which:
- figure 1 is a top side view of the cartridge according to the present invention mounted inside a collector tube shown in section;
- figures 2 and 3 show an enlarged and partially sectioned detail of the cartridge of figure 1;
- figure 4 shows a further cartridge according to the present invention provided with a permeable bag containing the drying means.
-
- With reference to the figures, a condenser cartridge, in particular of an air-conditioning unit for vehicles is shown, wholly indicated with 10.
- In figures 1 and 4 the
cartridge 10 is shown inserted axially in an end of acylindrical collector tube 11, stably coupled through suitable known supports with an end of a condenser, not shown. - The
cartridge 10, shown in figure 1, comprises acylindrical cap 12, which makes the seal inside thecollector tube 11, and acasing 13 that contains a drying means. - According to what is known, the
casing 13 can comprise a rigid containment element provided with a portion equipped with a plurality of holes, oropenings 14 for the passage of the cooling fluid through the drying means, as shown in figure 1, or else it can comprise a bag that is permeable to the cooling fluid applied to thefiltering element 15 according to that which is depicted in figure 4. - The
casing 13 also carries, at one of its ends, a filteringelement 15 that holds possible impurities contained in the cooling liquid. - In the
cartridge 10, according to the present invention, thecap 12 and thecasing 13 are coupled through a ball-and-socket joint 16. - The ball-and-
socket joint 16, in the example shown in the figures, comprises afirst portion 17, or spherical element, made integrally at one end of thecasing 13 and asecond portion 18, or matching socket, made integrally on the inner surface of thecap 12. - The ball-and-
socket joint 16, and in particular thespherical element 17, is made on thecasing 13 close to the end carrying thefiltering element 15. - Between the filtering
element 15 and the portion ofcasing 13 provided withopenings 14, as well as the permeable bag, a perimetric 0-ring 23 is arranged that, in the example shown, is formed integrally on the outer wall of thecasing 13, but which could also be made integral with thecollector tube 11. - According to what is shown in figure 1, the
cartridge 10 according to the present invention is inserted from the bottom towards the top in the lower end of thecollector tube 11. Anelastic safety ring 21 is arranged in contact with the outer surface of the cap and in engagement against the inner wall of thecollector tube 11 to ensure the seal of thecap 12 in operating conditions. - The
cap 12, which makes a seal against the inner wall of thetube 11, supports thecasing 13 of thecartridge 10 arranged with the filteringelement 15 in the lower part of thetube 11. - Moreover, with the
cartridge 10 mounted, theseparator ring 23 is also positioned making a seal against the inner wall of thetube 11 and divides the collector tube in a watertight manner into two separate chambers. - Indeed, the cooling fluid coming from the condenser enters through the upper inlet opening 19 into an upper chamber in which the portion of
casing 13 provided withopenings 14 is immersed. Then the fluid, through theopenings 14, reaches the inside of thecasing 13 where it meets the drying means contained. The fluid then goes out from the lower part of thecasing 13 through the filteringelement 15 and fills the lower chamber of thecollector tube 11, from which it comes out through a lower outlet opening 20. - As exemplified in figure 1, projecting
centring elements 22 can also be foreseen on thecasing 13 of thecartridge 10, to guide the positioning of thecartridge 10 itself in thecollector tube 11. - The condenser cartridge, in particular of an air-conditioning unit for vehicles object of the present invention has the advantage, when mounted in the tube, of adapting to it even in the presence of possible size imperfections ensuring a better seal of the separator ring.
- The cartridge object of the present invention is advantageously used in condenser tubes open at the lower end, in which the filtering part must be arranged close to the lower part of the tube.
- Moreover, the cartridge according to the present invention can advantageously be made in small sizes.
Claims (9)
- Condenser cartridge, in particular of an air-conditioning unit for vehicles, which can be inserted axially in an end of a cylindrical collector tube (11), comprising a cylindrical cap (12), suitable for making the seal inside said collector tube (11), and a casing (13) for a drying means that carries a filtering element (15) at one end, characterized in that said cap (12) and said casing (13) are coupled through a ball-and-socket joint (16).
- Cartridge according to claim 1, characterised in that said ball-and-socket joint (16) comprises a first portion (17), or spherical element, made integrally at one end of said casing (13) and a second portion (18), or matching socket, made integrally on the inner surface of said cap (12).
- Cartridge according to claim 1, characterised in that said ball-and-socket joint (16) is made on said casing (13) close to said end carrying the filtering element (15).
- Cartridge according to claim 1, characterised in that said casing (13) comprises a rigid containment element integral with said filtering element (15) provided with a plurality of holes or openings (14).
- Cartridge according to claim 4, characterised in that a portion of said casing (13) provided with openings (14) is separated with respect to said filtering element (15) by a perimetric ring (23).
- Cartridge according to claim 1, characterised in that said casing (13) comprises a bag that is permeable to the cooling fluid connected to said filtering element (15).
- Cartridge according to claim 6, characterised in that said permeable bag is separated with respect to said filtering element (15) by a perimetric ring (23).
- Cartridge according to claims 5 or 7, characterised in that said perimetric ring (23) is formed integrally on the outer wall of said casing (13).
- Cartridge according to claim 1, characterised in that said casing (13) carries a plurality of projecting centring elements (22) on an outer part.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
IT000111U ITMI20040111U1 (en) | 2004-03-17 | 2004-03-17 | CARTRIDGE FOR A CONDENSER IN PARTICULAR OF AN AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM FOR VEHICLES |
ITMI20040111U | 2004-03-17 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1580499A2 true EP1580499A2 (en) | 2005-09-28 |
EP1580499A3 EP1580499A3 (en) | 2007-03-28 |
Family
ID=34856905
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP05075616A Withdrawn EP1580499A3 (en) | 2004-03-17 | 2005-03-14 | Condenser cartridge, in particular for an air-conditioning unit for vehicles |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20050204770A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1580499A3 (en) |
CN (1) | CN100501278C (en) |
IT (1) | ITMI20040111U1 (en) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1818631A2 (en) * | 2006-02-09 | 2007-08-15 | SKG Italia S.p.A. | Improved plug for pressure-sealing a condenser of an air conditioning system for vehicles and related condenser |
DE102005024158B4 (en) * | 2005-05-23 | 2008-04-10 | Jahn Gmbh Umform- Und Zerspanungstechnik | Dryer for a cooling medium in a cooling medium circuit, in particular for an air conditioning system of a vehicle |
DE102005024167B4 (en) * | 2005-05-23 | 2008-05-15 | Jahn Gmbh Umform- Und Zerspanungstechnik | Dryer for a cooling medium in a cooling medium circuit, in particular for an air conditioning system of a vehicle |
FR3032267A1 (en) * | 2015-01-30 | 2016-08-05 | Valeo Systemes Thermiques | ASSEMBLY COMPRISING A BOTTLE FOR A HEAT EXCHANGER, IN PARTICULAR HEAT EXCHANGER FOR A MOTOR VEHICLE, AND A HEAT EXCHANGER CONTAINING SUCH AN ASSEMBLY. |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN102538323B (en) * | 2012-02-27 | 2014-04-02 | 浙江三花汽车零部件有限公司 | Air conditioner refrigeration system and liquid reservoir thereof |
DE102012220594A1 (en) * | 2012-09-21 | 2014-03-27 | Behr Gmbh & Co. Kg | capacitor |
CN104764260A (en) * | 2015-04-22 | 2015-07-08 | 重庆超力高科技股份有限公司 | Drying bottle with connecting pieces |
US11566826B2 (en) * | 2019-11-20 | 2023-01-31 | Denso International America, Inc. | Modular refrigerant cap |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0867670A2 (en) * | 1997-03-26 | 1998-09-30 | Behr GmbH & Co. | Insert for a receiver section of a condenser |
EP1104877A1 (en) * | 1999-12-01 | 2001-06-06 | Visteon Global Technologies, Inc. | Condenser with integral receiver dryer |
EP1202007A1 (en) * | 2000-10-25 | 2002-05-02 | Skg Italiana Spa | Condenser module and dryer |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4599006A (en) * | 1979-10-03 | 1986-07-08 | Permawick Bearing Corporation | Cartridge bearing assembly |
US4474661A (en) * | 1983-06-27 | 1984-10-02 | Parker-Hannifin Corporation | Filter dryer |
KR100730567B1 (en) * | 2002-07-09 | 2007-06-20 | 한라공조주식회사 | Receiver-drier for an air-conditioning system and a method for making it |
-
2004
- 2004-03-17 IT IT000111U patent/ITMI20040111U1/en unknown
-
2005
- 2005-03-11 US US11/078,771 patent/US20050204770A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2005-03-14 EP EP05075616A patent/EP1580499A3/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2005-03-17 CN CNB2005100548233A patent/CN100501278C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0867670A2 (en) * | 1997-03-26 | 1998-09-30 | Behr GmbH & Co. | Insert for a receiver section of a condenser |
EP1104877A1 (en) * | 1999-12-01 | 2001-06-06 | Visteon Global Technologies, Inc. | Condenser with integral receiver dryer |
EP1202007A1 (en) * | 2000-10-25 | 2002-05-02 | Skg Italiana Spa | Condenser module and dryer |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102005024158B4 (en) * | 2005-05-23 | 2008-04-10 | Jahn Gmbh Umform- Und Zerspanungstechnik | Dryer for a cooling medium in a cooling medium circuit, in particular for an air conditioning system of a vehicle |
DE102005024167B4 (en) * | 2005-05-23 | 2008-05-15 | Jahn Gmbh Umform- Und Zerspanungstechnik | Dryer for a cooling medium in a cooling medium circuit, in particular for an air conditioning system of a vehicle |
DE102005024158C5 (en) | 2005-05-23 | 2018-12-06 | Jahn Gmbh Umform- Und Zerspanungstechnik | Dryer for a cooling medium in a cooling medium circuit, in particular for an air conditioning system of a vehicle |
EP1818631A2 (en) * | 2006-02-09 | 2007-08-15 | SKG Italia S.p.A. | Improved plug for pressure-sealing a condenser of an air conditioning system for vehicles and related condenser |
EP1818631A3 (en) * | 2006-02-09 | 2008-03-12 | SKG Italia S.p.A. | Improved plug for pressure-sealing a condenser of an air conditioning system for vehicles and related condenser |
FR3032267A1 (en) * | 2015-01-30 | 2016-08-05 | Valeo Systemes Thermiques | ASSEMBLY COMPRISING A BOTTLE FOR A HEAT EXCHANGER, IN PARTICULAR HEAT EXCHANGER FOR A MOTOR VEHICLE, AND A HEAT EXCHANGER CONTAINING SUCH AN ASSEMBLY. |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ITMI20040111U1 (en) | 2004-06-17 |
CN100501278C (en) | 2009-06-17 |
US20050204770A1 (en) | 2005-09-22 |
EP1580499A3 (en) | 2007-03-28 |
CN1670453A (en) | 2005-09-21 |
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