EP1574813A2 - Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur superkomprimierten Detonation - Google Patents

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur superkomprimierten Detonation Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1574813A2
EP1574813A2 EP05004978A EP05004978A EP1574813A2 EP 1574813 A2 EP1574813 A2 EP 1574813A2 EP 05004978 A EP05004978 A EP 05004978A EP 05004978 A EP05004978 A EP 05004978A EP 1574813 A2 EP1574813 A2 EP 1574813A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
detonation
compressed
explosive
velocity
set forth
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP05004978A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1574813A3 (de
Inventor
Fan Zhang
Stephen Burke Murray
Andrew J. Higgins
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Minister of National Defence of Canada
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Minister of National Defence of Canada
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Minister of National Defence of Canada filed Critical Minister of National Defence of Canada
Publication of EP1574813A2 publication Critical patent/EP1574813A2/de
Publication of EP1574813A3 publication Critical patent/EP1574813A3/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B1/00—Explosive charges characterised by form or shape but not dependent on shape of container

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to super compressed detonation and more particularly, the present invention relates to detonation of super-compressed materials to alter the physicochemical and detonation properties and a device to effect this result.
  • Exemplary of the techniques having been established include the use of diamond anvil technology for the compression of molecular solid hydrogen above 3 megabars. The process was useful in terms of generating a significant density increase and phase transformations. This work was further augmented by others where solid nitrogen was compressed into the megabar range where it was then observed to provide a semi-conducting polymeric phase. Two-stage light gas gun technology has been employed as an alternative approach to pursue compression of liquid hydrogen into the megabar range where the hydrogen becomes conductive. These techniques are limited to the observation of very small samples in several to tens of micrometers at megabar pressures.
  • the implosion generally occurs simultaneously along the length of the sample and is driven by a converging detonation wave propagating at a direction normal to and toward the axis.
  • Explosive implosion compression techniques are more attractive than diamond anvil cells and light gas guns from the points of view of sample size and military applications, taking effectiveness and cost into account.
  • the survey of current cylindrical explosive implosion techniques detailed herein previously indicates that these have not been applied to investigations of detonation under conditions of extremely high pressure.
  • the available compression systems have mainly operated in two generic driving modes: explosive converging detonation propagating in a direction normal to and towards the axis, or explosive CJ detonation propagating parallel to the axis.
  • One object of the present invention is to provide an improved method and device for super-compressing materials to effect physicochemical changes.
  • the new method and device enhance detonation properties of super-compressed materials and provide a new method and device to effect anti-armour and anti-hard-target munitions.
  • a method for effecting physicochemical transformations in a material using super-compression and detonation comprising:
  • a method for inducing cylindrical reverberating shock waves for compressing a material exposed thereto is based on a principle referred to as “impedance matching", in which the pressure and particle velocity are conserved across the boundary existing between materials when a shock wave passes from one material to another, and comprises:
  • a further object of one embodiment of the present invention is to provide a method for enhancing detonation properties in a material using detonation in super-compresses materials, comprising:
  • the events include the cylindrical oblique implosion and subsequent reverberating shocks for material compression and axial detonation of the precompressed material to achieve a detonation velocity several times that of TNT and a detonation pressure more that ten times that of TNT. It has been observed that there is a significant increase in the resident energy in the compressed sample which is a direct consequence of the increased material density coming from the sequential wave impact. It has also been recognized that structural transformations in the material together with the liberation of atomic particles also augment the resident energy, and therefore detonation pressure and velocity.
  • one principle developed in this invention is particularly important, namely "velocity-induction matching".
  • a sample material is exposed to compression by an oblique shock wave system that propagates steadily in the axial direction at any given velocity ranging from several kilometres per second to infinity.
  • variation of the diameter, wall material and thickness of the sample anvil provides a wide range of time during which the sample material is exposed to the compression by the oblique shock wave system.
  • the device can be designed in a manner such that the compression time and axial velocity of the oblique shock wave system match the induction delay time and the detonation velocity of the compressed sample material. Since the resultant wave structure is substantially stable and self-organizing, a super-compressed detonation can automatically propagate in any length of sample material.
  • sample material to be compressed and detonated may be selected from materials having a detonation velocity and induction delay time responsive to velocity-induction matching. Suitable examples will be apparent to those skilled in the art.
  • a further object of one embodiment of the present invention is to provide a method for maintaining super-compressed detonation in any length of a material using velocity-induction matching, comprising:
  • numeral 20 globally references the device.
  • the arrangement has a conical metal flyer shell 5, base plate 9 and cone shaped top 3. In use, the device is retained with top 3 in position as depicted.
  • the top comprises low density foam and provides sheets of explosive 4, which also clad the flyer shell 5 with the exception of the base plate 9.
  • a detonator 2 mounted at the apex of the top 3 is a detonator 2 secured to the former by holder 1.
  • the device 20 positions a sample holder (discussed herein after) in coaxial relation with the apex of top 3 and consequently detonator 2.
  • the holder comprises a metal anvil 10 containing sample material 11.
  • the anvil 10 has a top plug 13 and a bottom plug 14 which locate and retain a centrally disposed rod 12.
  • a centering member 8 ensures coaxial alignment of rod 12 and anvil 10 with top 3 and detonator 2.
  • Sample material 11 is generic such as solid, liquid or powder, etc.
  • sealing caps 15 are provided in plug 14.
  • anvil 10 Surrounding anvil 10 is high explosive 7, which, in turn, is surrounded by an aluminium casing 6.
  • bottom plug 14 is replaced by a projectile (not shown).
  • detonator 2 is activated to create a circular wave pattern.
  • the wave propagates through the top 3 and sheets of explosive 4 and through the flyer shell 5. This detonation induces symmetric implosion of the flyer shell 5 to impact casing 6 in a continuous manner with respect to its length from the top to the bottom.
  • the angle of the flyer shell 5 is selected so that the flyer shell impacts the cylindrical boundary of the high explosive from top to bottom.
  • an oblique imploding detonation wave is generated and propagates in the explosive with a velocity D 1 at an incident angle ⁇ to the wall of anvil 10.
  • the oblique detonation wave transmits an oblique shock wave having a front velocity U s axially along the wall of anvil 10 and into the material in anvil 10.
  • This incident oblique shock wave compresses the material while imploding towards the axis. Implosion at the axis forms a reflected diverging shock wave for further compression.
  • the compression time t c in which the sample material is compressed to a desired density can be controlled via impedance matching and the selection of thickness of components so that it is sufficiently long to achieve equilibrium, yet does not exceed the induction delay time for a given sample material. The latter is important to avoid premature chemical reactions.
  • Shock front velocity U s can be matched to the detonation wave velocity U D for a given material by selection of a value for the angle of the conical flyer shell 5. This is the case because, by increasing the angle of the flyer shell, the shock front velocity U s can be varied continuously from a value just above the CJ detonation velocity of the high explosive to infinity. The latter situation corresponds to the normal cylindrical implosion in which the detonation wave in the high explosive propagates in the normal direction towards the axis. Within the range of conical angles between zero degree and the value which gives a normal cylindrical implosion, there exists a unique solution for the shock front velocity U s for a given angle of the conical flyer shell.
  • Matching the compression time tc to the induction delay time t I for a given test material can be done by changing the compression time via the impedance matching and the selection of specific thickness of the device components, and also by changing the induction delay time via the addition of chemical additives that can alter the material sensitivity.
  • Figure 5 is a graphical representation of sample material pressure and density as a function of axial position of the compression locus for a given angle of the conical flyer shell.
  • Axial propagation history of the sample material density and pressure were obtained experimentally and averaged over the cross-section of the maximum compression locus.
  • the density was obtained from X-ray radiographs by measuring the change in the internal diameter of the sample anvil. For this purpose, the volume change caused by the increase in the sample anvil length was neglected. In the experiments, sample anvil length variations did not exceed 4%. Having obtained the densities, the corresponding pressures were calculated according to the known experimental double-shocked equation of state for the sample material.
  • Figure 5 indicates that the quasi-steady wave structure is established after an initial axial propagation distance of 3 to 4 cm, after which the maximum compression is achieved resulting in three times the initial density and a pressure of 1.24 megabars. Detailed measurements of the pressure and density profiles in the super-compressed wave structure would be considerably difficult and expensive using currently available diagnostic methods.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Press Drives And Press Lines (AREA)
EP05004978A 2004-03-08 2005-03-08 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur superkomprimierten Detonation Withdrawn EP1574813A3 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US79377704A 2004-03-08 2004-03-08
US793777 2004-03-08

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1574813A2 true EP1574813A2 (de) 2005-09-14
EP1574813A3 EP1574813A3 (de) 2006-02-15

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EP05004978A Withdrawn EP1574813A3 (de) 2004-03-08 2005-03-08 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur superkomprimierten Detonation

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103673797A (zh) * 2012-09-06 2014-03-26 北京理工大学 一种微型起爆序列
CN111207009A (zh) * 2019-12-26 2020-05-29 中国空气动力研究与发展中心 利用外加瞬时能量源在超声速气流中起爆斜爆震波的方法
CN118588217A (zh) * 2024-08-05 2024-09-03 大连鑫凯多晶金刚石科技有限公司 一种提升转化率的爆炸加工多晶金刚石的方法
CN119714673A (zh) * 2025-03-03 2025-03-28 北京理工大学 用于复合装药的爆轰波压力测量装置和三波点轨迹确定方法
CN119783408A (zh) * 2025-03-10 2025-04-08 北京理工大学 一种复合装药爆轰驱动金属板速度的模型构建方法

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2061824A5 (en) * 1969-05-08 1971-06-25 Commissariat Energie Atomique Explosion concentration device
US4372214A (en) * 1980-09-08 1983-02-08 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Explosive auto-enhancement device
US5024159A (en) * 1987-05-14 1991-06-18 Walley David H Plane-wave forming sheet explosive

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103673797A (zh) * 2012-09-06 2014-03-26 北京理工大学 一种微型起爆序列
CN103673797B (zh) * 2012-09-06 2016-02-03 北京理工大学 一种微型起爆序列
CN111207009A (zh) * 2019-12-26 2020-05-29 中国空气动力研究与发展中心 利用外加瞬时能量源在超声速气流中起爆斜爆震波的方法
CN118588217A (zh) * 2024-08-05 2024-09-03 大连鑫凯多晶金刚石科技有限公司 一种提升转化率的爆炸加工多晶金刚石的方法
CN119714673A (zh) * 2025-03-03 2025-03-28 北京理工大学 用于复合装药的爆轰波压力测量装置和三波点轨迹确定方法
CN119714673B (zh) * 2025-03-03 2025-05-16 北京理工大学 用于复合装药的爆轰波压力测量装置和三波点轨迹确定方法
CN119783408A (zh) * 2025-03-10 2025-04-08 北京理工大学 一种复合装药爆轰驱动金属板速度的模型构建方法

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