EP1574103B1 - Verfahren,einrichtung, basisstation und system für direkten aufwärtsstreckenzugriff ineinem mobilkommunikationsnetz - Google Patents

Verfahren,einrichtung, basisstation und system für direkten aufwärtsstreckenzugriff ineinem mobilkommunikationsnetz Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1574103B1
EP1574103B1 EP03780202A EP03780202A EP1574103B1 EP 1574103 B1 EP1574103 B1 EP 1574103B1 EP 03780202 A EP03780202 A EP 03780202A EP 03780202 A EP03780202 A EP 03780202A EP 1574103 B1 EP1574103 B1 EP 1574103B1
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Prior art keywords
communications device
cell access
communications
access channel
direct cell
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French (fr)
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EP1574103A1 (de
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Mikko Rinne
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Intellectual Ventures I LLC
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Intellectual Ventures I LLC
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W74/00—Wireless channel access
    • H04W74/002—Transmission of channel access control information
    • H04W74/006—Transmission of channel access control information in the downlink, i.e. towards the terminal
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W92/00—Interfaces specially adapted for wireless communication networks
    • H04W92/04—Interfaces between hierarchically different network devices
    • H04W92/10—Interfaces between hierarchically different network devices between terminal device and access point, i.e. wireless air interface
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W74/00—Wireless channel access
    • H04W74/04—Scheduled access
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W80/00—Wireless network protocols or protocol adaptations to wireless operation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W48/00—Access restriction; Network selection; Access point selection
    • H04W48/08—Access restriction or access information delivery, e.g. discovery data delivery
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W74/00—Wireless channel access
    • H04W74/08—Non-scheduled access, e.g. ALOHA
    • H04W74/0833—Random access procedures, e.g. with 4-step access

Definitions

  • the invention relates to uplink access in a communications system.
  • the service access time i.e. the duration it takes after a user requests a service until the service is delivered.
  • One important contributor to the lengthiness of the service access time is the used cell access mechanism.
  • FIG 1 shows the basic principle of a cell access mechanism widely used in the second-generation cellular mobile communications systems.
  • a terminal 110 When a terminal 110 has user data to send it transmits to a network an access request message 111 on a Random Access CHannel (RACH) and waits for a response from the network before user data can be transmitted.
  • RACH Random Access CHannel
  • an access request message is conveyed via a base station 120 to a base station controller (not shown) which may contain a unit performing radio resource allocation.
  • an access grant message 121 identifying a dedicated radio transmission resource to be used for user data transmission is transmitted from the network to the terminal 110 on an Access Grant Channel (AGCH).
  • AGCH Access Grant Channel
  • the terminal 110 After receipt of the access grant message 121, depending on message contents, the terminal 110 either has to wait for an assigned Uplink State Flag (USF) from the network before it can start sending user data 150 or it can immediately start sending user data 150 on the assigned Traffic Channel (TCH) as identified by the access grant message 121.
  • USF Uplink State Flag
  • the cell access mechanism just described causes a relatively long minimum access delay before any user data can be transmitted. This is due to the fact that radio resources must first be requested before user data transmission can be started. The minimum access delay exists even if the radio resources of the current base station are unoccupied.
  • Third generation cellular mobile communications systems present improvements to the situation.
  • WCDMA Wideband Code Division Multiple Access
  • user data can be transmitted in a RACH message but the amount of user data which can be included in a RACH message is very limited.
  • a dedicated traffic channel (DCH) providing more radio resources may subsequently be set up, this is not an ideal solution e.g. for a terminal which would immediately desire to start sending user data at a high data rate.
  • DCH dedicated traffic channel
  • the WCDMA system also provides a Common Packet CHannel (CPCH) which allows higher data rates but can not support mobility, such as normal handovers or macrodiversity reception (i.e. soft handover).
  • CPCH Common Packet CHannel
  • the international patent application published under number WO 01/86889 A1 presents a method and system for fast access to an uplink channel for a mobile station in a packet data radio network.
  • a plurality of mobile stations are assigned to a first uplink channel.
  • a mobile station assigned to the first uplink channel transmits in an uplink transmission block real time information.
  • a base station reassigns the other mobile stations that are assigned to the first uplink channel and are involved in the communication of real time information in a downlink transmission block immediately following the uplink transmission block. Thereafter, the first mobile station continues transmitting real time information on the first uplink channel.
  • Another international patent application published under number WO 02/17668 A1 presents a random access scheme for providing fast resources in a network, comprising the step of transmitting network system information including information as to whether a fast access is supported in the network or not.
  • the determination whether the direct cell access mechanism can be provided is made based on radio and/or traffic measurements performed by a base station.
  • the method comprises indicating to the communications device that the alternative cell access mechanism should be used.
  • the alternative cell access mechanism comprises using a separate access channel, such as RACH, for uplink access.
  • said indication is performed by including a particular parameter value in a system information broadcast.
  • the communications device is a mobile hand-held device of a cellular communications network.
  • a base station of a communications network according to Claim 14.
  • Figures 2 and 3 show an embodiment of the invention.
  • a base station 120 first determines and then signals to a terminal 110 whether direct access to a traffic channel at a particular (high) data rate is permitted or whether an alternative cell access mechanism (with a lower initial data rate) should be used.
  • the terminal 110 is a mobile terminal and the base station 120 is a base station of a cellular communications network which controls the access to the network in a centralized manner.
  • the mobile terminal 110 and the base station 120 communicate with each other by means of radio frequency communication over an air-interface (radio interface).
  • the base station 120 continuously performs measurements concerning the cell it is serving. These measurements may involve both radio and traffic measurements. Based on the measurements, the base station 120 gets information on the congestion level of the cell. Based on the congestion level, the base station 120 determines whether a direct uplink access to a traffic channel at a high data rate can be enabled. The base station 120 informs the mobile terminal 110 of the availability of the direct uplink access. For this purpose, a suitable parameter is defined. In this embodiment, this particular parameter is called DirectCellAccess.
  • the parameter has two possible values: Enabled and Disabled. The value Enabled may be indicated by a binary digit "1" and the value Disabled may be indicated by a binary digit "0".
  • the base station 120 broadcasts system information over the coverage area of the cell it is serving.
  • the broadcasting is effected by sending a broadcast message which is received by terminals residing inside the coverage area of the cell.
  • the system information broadcast 230 is received by the mobile terminal 110. It reads an updated value of the DirectCellAccess parameter as often as instructed by the parameter(s) in the system information broadcast regulating the update frequency of system information.
  • the mobile terminal 110 When direct uplink access is enabled and the mobile terminal 110 has user data to send, it can directly start sending user data 150 ( Fig. 2 ) on a traffic channel after a synchronization procedure specified by a physical layer (L1) (see Fig. 6 and the corresponding description) has been completed.
  • Information on the traffic channel to be used may be communicated in an appropriate way to the mobile terminal 110. It may, for example, be communicated from the base station 120 beforehand. Also, if the system is a CDMA based system, the appropriate code(s) may be communicated from the base station 120 to the mobile terminal 110 beforehand.
  • the term system is here considered to comprise a combination of appropriate network elements (such as a base station) and terminals.
  • the alternative method is the two-step cell access mechanism already known as such from the prior art in which the mobile terminal 110 first sends an access request message 111 to the base station 120 and waits for a access grant message 121 from the base station 120 before starting to send user data 150 on a dedicated traffic channel (DCH or similar) as identified by the access grant message 121.
  • DCH dedicated traffic channel
  • the parameter value is sent, instead of a broadcast message, in a particular multicast message which is sent to a limited set of mobile terminals.
  • the set is formed of mobile terminals which in general, based on a user subscription (or similar), have the right to use the direct uplink access.
  • the applicability of the DirectCellAccess parameter to individual terminals is further regulated by another parameter in the system information broadcast.
  • This other parameter can define a certain pseudo-random group of terminals based on the least significant bits of a unique identifier such as subscriber identifier, equipment identifier or similar.
  • an expiration time is given by the system to the parameter DirectCellAccess.
  • the base station 120 performs measurements concerning the cell it is serving, and that it determines based on these measurements whether the direct uplink access can be enabled. These measurements may involve both radio and traffic measurements. Which of them is/are used depends on the implementation. Typical radio measurements which may be used are, for example, measurement of the received total wide band power, SIR (Signal to Interference Ratio) measurement, BER (Bit Error Rate) measurement, FER (Frame Error Rate) measurement or other measurement on radio signal quality. Especially, the received total wide band power indicates whether there are many users accessing to the uplink direction.
  • SIR Signal to Interference Ratio
  • BER Bit Error Rate
  • FER Fre Error Rate
  • the base station 120 locally controls the use of radio resources in its cell coverage area by e.g. determining the state of the direct uplink access mechanism.
  • the final decision on the radio resources may alternatively be performed by another network element. Decisions are preferably performed by the base station 120, though, since this would reduce the delay experienced by the terminal 110.
  • a typical environment in which the use of the direct uplink access fits well would be a packet switched system with small cell sizes and short data bursts (e.g. IP packet bursts (Internet Protocol)) and having only little continuous traffic.
  • IP packet bursts Internet Protocol
  • a lightly loaded cell even if there is more than one terminal sending data at a high data rate, collisions are not very likely if the bursts are short.
  • a high data rate transmission with only a small access delay can be provided to a restricted amount of users without compromising system performance.
  • RACH channel capacity might either not be needed at all, or it needs to be reserved only for a new user to register to the cell or to perform handover to the cell. This kind of situation may arise e.g. with a private access point.
  • RACH channel capacity When direct uplink access to a traffic channel is enabled, only a minimum amount of RACH channel capacity is needed since one user cannot collide and not many other users are expected to access via said access point. The "released" RACH channel capacity may thus be used for transfer of user data.
  • the basic ideas of the invention are, in principle, applicable to any digital wireless or cellular system with centralized architecture. This includes 2 nd and 3 rd generation and possible future generations of cellular systems as well as wireless local area networks, where both low delay and high throughput efficiency are targeted.
  • the general radio access method can be e.g. TDMA (time division multiple access) or CDMA (code division multiple access).
  • the system involved may be a multicarrier system, such as an OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) based system as well.
  • OFDM Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing
  • FIG. 4 shows a base station 120 according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • the base station comprises a processing unit 420, a radio frequency part 440 and a network interface 425.
  • the processing unit 420 controls the operation of the base station 120.
  • the radio frequency part 440 and the network interface 425 are coupled to the processing unit 420.
  • the radio frequency part 440 receives and transmits user data from and to mobile terminals 110 which operate in the area of the cell which the base station 120 serves. Communication to and from the rest of the network is performed via the network interface 425.
  • the processing unit 420 comprises a Radio Resource Control (RRC) block.
  • RRC Radio Resource Control
  • the mentioned radio and traffic measurements are performed by the radio frequency part 440 and/or the network interface 425 and analysed by the RRC block.
  • RRC Radio Resource Control
  • the base station 120 actually does is that it controls the use of radio resources in the cell by enabling and disabling the usage of a cell access mechanism. Combining this method with other means known from cellular and wireless systems further improves the efficiency of radio resource usage.
  • the base station 120 When the cell is empty or lightly loaded, the base station 120 enables direct sending of user data on high data rate with only a small access delay. When the congestion level in the cell increases, only a slower access mechanism is permitted to be used in order to avoid collisions on the high data rate channel thereby saving radio resources.
  • FIG. 5 shows a mobile terminal 110 according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • the mobile terminal 110 is a cellular mobile terminal comprising a processing unit MCU, a radio block 540 and a user interface UI.
  • the processing unit MCU controls the operation of the mobile terminal 110 with the aid of software SW.
  • the software SW resides in a memory 515.
  • the radio block 540 and the user interface UI are coupled to the processing unit 420.
  • the radio block 540 receives and transmits user data from and to the base station 120 by means of radio communication over an air-interface.
  • the user interface UI may comprise a keyboard, a display, a microphone and a speaker (not shown) for enabling the user of the mobile terminal 110 to use the terminal 110.
  • the software comprises a protocol layer corresponding to the RRC layer of the base station 120. Said protocol layer interprets the received parameter value and controls the radio block 540 so that the right access mechanism (direct cell access or an alternative mechanism) is used.
  • Figure 6 shows how the air-interface (radio interface) between the mobile terminal 110 and the base station 120 (or network) is layered into protocol layers according to the WCDMA system.
  • a protocol stack having three layers is formed.
  • Each protocol layer implemented in the mobile terminal 110 communicates with a corresponding protocol layer implemented in the base station 120 (or network).
  • the physical layer provides transport services to higher layers of the protocol stack. It provides transport channels for communication, such as the RACH, CPCH and DCH mentioned in the foregoing description.
  • the second lowest layer (L2) is the radio link layer. It provides data transfer on logical channels.
  • the logical channels can be divided into control and traffic channels, wherein the control channels are used for transfer of control information only and the traffic channels are used for transfer of user data. Both types of channels are mapped onto the L1 transport channels.
  • the layer (L3) above the radio link layer is called the network layer.
  • One of its functions in a radio system is radio resource control which is performed by an RRC sublayer.
  • the information on the availability of the direct access mechanism ( DirectCellAccess parameter value) is transmitted on the network level (L3).
  • the RRC sublayer is capable of mobility services, such as handovers. Therefore, after high-speed user data transmission has begun in accordance with the direct uplink access mechanism on a traffic channel, the transmission can be continued during a possible handover. This is not possible e.g. with the prior art CPCH method in which transmission has to be stopped if transmission conditions weaken.
  • the traffic channel on which the mobile terminal 110 can directly start sending user data according to the direct uplink access mechanism may be defined as a channel on which all the necessary RRC functions can be implemented, i.e. in this case a traffic channel of the radio link layer (L2).
  • L2 radio link layer
  • the layers L1, L2 and L3 can be implemented by a suitable combination of hardware and software in the mobile terminal 110 ( Fig. 5 ) and base station 120 ( Fig. 4 ).

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Claims (15)

  1. Verfahren zum Minimieren der Zugriffsverzögerung für ein System, das eine Kommunikationsvorrichtung (110) und ein Kommunikationsnetz umfasst, wobei das Verfahren Folgendes umfasst:
    Zuweisen durch das Kommunikationsnetz wenigstens eines Direktzellerizugriffskanals für die Kommunikationsvorrichtung für einen Aufwärtsstreckenzugriff auf das Kommunikationsnetz, wobei der Direktzellenzugriffskanal der Kommunikationsvorrichtung (110) erlaubt, das Senden von Anwenderdaten auf dem Direktzellenzugriffskanal zu initiieren, ohne zuerst Zugriffsbetriebsmittel anzufordern, wenn Anwenderdaten für das Senden verfügbar sind;
    Schaffen durch das Kommunikationsnetz eines alternativen Aufwärtsstreckenübertragungsmechanismus für die Kommunikationsvorrichtung, um Daten zu dem Kommunikationsnetz zu senden, falls der Direktzellenzugriffskanal nicht bereitgestellt werden kann;
    Bestimmen durch das Kommunikationsnetz anhand von Netzbedingungen, wann der Direktzellenzugriffskanal zur Verwendung verfügbar ist;
    Bereitstellen durch das Kommunikationsnetz einer periodischen Verfügbarkeitsnachricht, die die Verfügbarkeit der Verwendung des Direktzellenzugriffskanals angibt, für die Kommunikationsvorrichtung; und
    Erlauben durch das Kommunikationsnetz des Empfangs einer Übertragung von der Kommunikationsvorrichtung ohne eine Kanalanforderung während der Verfügbarkeit.
  2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, wobei in einer Situation, in der der Direktzellenzugriff nicht bereitgestellt werden kann, das Verfahren Folgendes umfasst:
    Angeben für die Kommunikationsvorrichtung (110), dass der alternative Zellenzugriffsmechanismus verwendet werden sollte.
  3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, wobei der alternative Zellenzugriffsmechanismus das Verwenden eines getrennten Zugriffskanals für den Aufwärtsstreckenzugriff umfasst.
  4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, wobei eine Funkschnittstelle zwischen der mobilen Kommunikationsvorrichtung (110) und dem Kommunikationsnetz in Protokollschichten eingelagert ist, die einen Protokollstapel bilden, und der Direktzellenzugriffskanal einen Teil eines logischen Verkehrskanals bildet, der in einer Datenverbindungsschicht (Layer 2) des Protokollstapels arbeitet.
  5. Verfahren nach Anspruch 4, wobei das Bereitstellen einer periodischen Verfügbarkeitsnachricht in einer Netzschicht (Layer 3) des Protokollstapels ausgeführt wird.
  6. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, wobei das Bereitstellen einer periodischen Verfügbarkeitsnachricht durch Senden einer Rundsendenachricht zu einer Menge von Kommunikationsvorrichtungen einschließlich der Kommunikationsvorrichtung (110) ausgeführt wird.
  7. Verfahren nach Anspruch 6, wobei die Rundsendenachricht einen Parameterwert enthält, der die Menge von Kommunikationsvorrichtungen weiter beschränkt.
  8. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, wobei das Bereitstellen einer periodischen Verfügbarkeitsnachricht durch Senden einer Multicast-Nachricht zu einer begrenzten Menge von Kommunikationsvorrichtungen einschließlich der Kommunikationsvorrichtung (110) ausgeführt wird.
  9. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, wobei das Bereitstellen einer periodischen Verfügbarkeitsnachricht durch Senden einer Punkt-zu-Punkt-Nachricht zu der Kommunikationsvorrichtung (110) ausgeführt wird.
  10. Verfahren nach Anspruch 6, wobei die Nachricht zu der Kommunikationsvorrichtung einen Parameterwert transportiert, der angibt, ob der Direktzellenzugriffskanal freigegeben ist.
  11. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, wobei das Kommunikationsnetz eine Basisstation (120) umfasst, die als eine Zelle eines Mobilkommunikationssystems dient, wobei das Verfahren ferner Folgendes umfasst:
    Ausführen einer oder mehrerer Verkehrs- und/oder Funkmessungen durch die Basisstation; und
    Bestimmen durch die Basisstation, ob der Direktzellenzugriffskanal zu einer gegebenen Zeit für die Kommunikationsvorrichtung bereitgestellt werden kann, anhand dieser Messungen.
  12. Kommunikationsvorrichtung (110), die konfiguriert ist, um die Zugriffsverzögerung mit einem Kommunikationsnetz zu minimieren, wobei das Kommunikationsnetz dazu ausgelegt ist, wenigstens einen Direktzellenzugriffskanal zuzuweisen und einen alternativen Zellenzugriffsmechanismus für die Kommunikationsvorrichtung (110) für einen Aufwärtsstreckenzugriff auf das Kommunikationsnetz zu schaffen, falls der Direktzugriffskanal nicht bereitgestellt werden kann, wobei die Kommunikationsvorrichtung dazu ausgelegt ist, das Senden von Anwenderdaten auf dem Direktzellenzugriffskanal zu initiieren, ohne zuerst Zugriffsbetriebsmittel anzufordern, wenn Anwenderdaten für das Senden verfügbar sind, wobei die Kommunikationsvorrichtung (110) Folgendes umfasst:
    Mittel (RF, MCU, 515, SW), um eine Angabe zu empfangen, die von dem Kommunikationsnetz periodisch gesendet wird, wobei die Angabe zu einer gegebenen Zeit anhand von Netzbedingungen für die Kommunikationsvorrichtung (110) angibt, wann der Direktzellenzugriffskanal verfügbar ist; und
    Mittel, um Aufwärtsstreckendaten auf dem Direktzellenzugriffskanal zu übertragen, falls die Angabe angibt, dass der Direktzellenzugriffskanal verfügbar ist, und falls die Kommunikationsvorrichtung Aufwärtsstreckendaten zu senden hat.
  13. Kommunikationsvorrichtung (110) nach Anspruch 13, wobei die Kommunikationsvorrichtung eine mobile tragbare Vorrichtung eines Zellenkommunikationsnetzes ist.
  14. Basisstation (120) eines Kommunikationsnetzes, die konfiguriert ist, um eine Zugriffsverzögerung zu minimieren, die Folgendes umfasst:
    Mittel, um wenigstens einen Direktzellenzugriffskanal zu einer Kommunikationsvorrichtung zuzuweisen, wobei der Direktzellenzugriffskanal der Kommunikationsvorrichtung (110) erlaubt, das Übertragen von Daten auf dem Direktzellenzugriffskanal zu initiieren, ohne zuerst Zugriffsbetriebsmittel anzufordern, wenn die Kommunikationsvorrichtung Daten zu senden hat;
    Mittel, um einen alternativen Zellenzugriffsmechanismus für die Kommunikationsvorrichtung für den Aufwärtsstreckenzugriff auf das Kommunikationsnetz bereitzustellen, falls der Direktzellenzugrüfskanal nicht bereitgestellt werden kann,
    Mittel (420, 425, 440), um anhand von Netzbedingungen durch das Kommunikationsnetz zu bestimmen, wann der Direktzellenzugriffskanal zur Verwendung verfügbar ist;
    Mittel, um für die Kommunikationsvorrichtung eine periodische Rundsendenachricht bereitzustellen, die die Verfügbarkeit zur Verwendung des Direktzellenzugriffskanals angibt; und
    Mittel, um den Empfang einer Übertragung von der Kommunikationsvorrichtung ohne eine Kanalanforderung während der Verfügbarkeit zu erlauben.
  15. System, das konfiguriert ist, um die Zugriffsverzögerung zu minimieren, das eine Kommunikationsvorrichtung (110) und ein Kommunikationsnetz umfasst, wobei das Kommunikationsnetz Folgendes umfasst:
    Mittel (120), um wenigstens einen Direktzellenzugriffskanal zu einer Kommunikationsvorrichtung (110) zuzuweisen, wobei der Direktzellenzugriffskanal der Kommunikatiorisvorrichtung ermöglicht, das Übertragen von Daten auf dem Direktzellenzugriffskanal zu initiieren, ohne zuerst Zugriffsbetriebsmittel anzufordern, wenn die Kommunikationsvorrichtung Daten zu senden hat ;
    Mittel, um einen alternativen Zellenzugriffsprozess für die Kommunikationsvorrichtung für den Aufwärtsstreckenzugriff auf das Kommunikationsnetz bereitzustellen, falls der Direktzellenzugriffskanal nicht bereitgestellt werden kann;
    Mittel (420, 425, 440), um anhand von Netzbedingungen durch das Kommunikationsnetz zu bestimmen, wann der Direktzellenzugriffskanal zur Verwendung verfügbar ist;
    Mittel, um für die Kommunikationsvorrichtung eine periodische Rundsendenachricht bereitzustellen, die die Verfügbarkeit zur Verwendung des Direktzellenzugriffskanals angibt; und
    Mittel, um den Empfang einer Übertragung von der Kommunikationsvorrichtung ohne eine Kanalanforderung während der Verfügbarkeit zu erlauben; und
    wobei die Kommunikationsvorrichtung (110) Folgendes umfasst:
    Mittel (RF, MCU, 515, SW), um die periodische Rundsendenachricht mit der Verfügbarkeitsangabe zu empfangen.
EP03780202A 2002-12-20 2003-12-18 Verfahren,einrichtung, basisstation und system für direkten aufwärtsstreckenzugriff ineinem mobilkommunikationsnetz Expired - Lifetime EP1574103B1 (de)

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FI20022248 2002-12-20
FI20022248A FI115021B (fi) 2002-12-20 2002-12-20 Suora ylössuuntainen pääsy
PCT/FI2003/000970 WO2004057897A1 (en) 2002-12-20 2003-12-18 Method, device, base station and system for direct uplink access in a mobile communications network

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US (1) US7426394B2 (de)
EP (1) EP1574103B1 (de)
JP (1) JP4249709B2 (de)
KR (1) KR100728067B1 (de)
CN (1) CN100431379C (de)
AT (1) ATE546976T1 (de)
AU (1) AU2003288303B2 (de)
FI (1) FI115021B (de)
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RU2313197C2 (ru) 2007-12-20
FI20022248A0 (fi) 2002-12-20
AU2003288303B2 (en) 2008-09-04
KR20050091011A (ko) 2005-09-14
RU2005122921A (ru) 2006-01-27
ATE546976T1 (de) 2012-03-15
AU2003288303A1 (en) 2004-07-14
JP2006511132A (ja) 2006-03-30
FI115021B (fi) 2005-02-15
EP1574103A1 (de) 2005-09-14
WO2004057897A1 (en) 2004-07-08
KR100728067B1 (ko) 2007-06-13
CN100431379C (zh) 2008-11-05
JP4249709B2 (ja) 2009-04-08
US20060068821A1 (en) 2006-03-30
FI20022248A (fi) 2004-06-21
US7426394B2 (en) 2008-09-16

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