EP1571579A1 - Prinzipien und Verfahren zum Personalisieren von Newsfeeds durch eine Analyse von Informationsneuheit und -dynamik - Google Patents

Prinzipien und Verfahren zum Personalisieren von Newsfeeds durch eine Analyse von Informationsneuheit und -dynamik Download PDF

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EP1571579A1
EP1571579A1 EP05101400A EP05101400A EP1571579A1 EP 1571579 A1 EP1571579 A1 EP 1571579A1 EP 05101400 A EP05101400 A EP 05101400A EP 05101400 A EP05101400 A EP 05101400A EP 1571579 A1 EP1571579 A1 EP 1571579A1
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Prior art keywords
articles
news
information
novelty
documents
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French (fr)
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Eric J. Horvitz
Evgeniy Gabrilovich
Susan T. Dumais
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Microsoft Technology Licensing LLC
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Microsoft Corp
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F16/00—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor
    • G06F16/90—Details of database functions independent of the retrieved data types
    • G06F16/95—Retrieval from the web
    • G06F16/953—Querying, e.g. by the use of web search engines
    • G06F16/9535—Search customisation based on user profiles and personalisation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F16/00—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor
    • G06F16/90—Details of database functions independent of the retrieved data types
    • G06F16/95—Retrieval from the web
    • G06F16/953—Querying, e.g. by the use of web search engines
    • G06F16/9536—Search customisation based on social or collaborative filtering
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F16/00—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor
    • G06F16/90—Details of database functions independent of the retrieved data types
    • G06F16/95—Retrieval from the web
    • G06F16/953—Querying, e.g. by the use of web search engines
    • G06F16/9538—Presentation of query results
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F17/00—Digital computing or data processing equipment or methods, specially adapted for specific functions
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S707/00—Data processing: database and file management or data structures
    • Y10S707/99931—Database or file accessing
    • Y10S707/99933—Query processing, i.e. searching
    • Y10S707/99935—Query augmenting and refining, e.g. inexact access
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S707/00—Data processing: database and file management or data structures
    • Y10S707/99931—Database or file accessing
    • Y10S707/99933—Query processing, i.e. searching
    • Y10S707/99936—Pattern matching access
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S707/00—Data processing: database and file management or data structures
    • Y10S707/99941—Database schema or data structure
    • Y10S707/99942—Manipulating data structure, e.g. compression, compaction, compilation

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to computer systems and more particularly, the present invention relates to systems and methods that personalize temporal streams of information such as news via an automated analysis of information dynamics.
  • the present invention provides systems and methods for identifying information novelty and on how these methods can be applied to manage information content that evolves over time.
  • a general framework is provided for comparing collections of documents, whereby documents can be assumed to be organized into groups by their content or source, and analyzed for inter-group and intra-group differences and commonalities. For example, juxtaposing two groups of documents devoted to the same topic but derived from two distinct sources, e.g., news coverage of an event in different parts of the world can reveal interesting differences of opinions and overall interpretations of situations.
  • the evolution of content can be examined. For example, a stream of news articles can be examined over time on a common story, with the goal of highlighting truly informative updates and filtering out a large mass of articles that largely relay "more of the same.”
  • Detailed statistics can be gathered on word occurrence across sets of documents in order to characterize differences and similarities among these sets.
  • Various word models can be enhanced by extracting named entities that denote names of people, organizations, and geographical locations, for example.
  • phrases and collocations whose discriminative semantic properties are usually outweighed by lack of sufficient statistics--named entities identify relatively stable tokens that are used in a common manner by many writers on a given topic, and thus their use contributes a considerable amount of information.
  • one type of analysis provided represents articles using the named entities found in them. Analysis can be focused on live streams of news or other topics. Live news streams pose tantalizing challenges and opportunities for research.
  • News feeds span enormous amounts of data, present a cornucopia of opinions and views, and include a wide spectrum of formats and content from short updates on breaking news, to major recaps of story developments, to mere reiterations of "the same old facts" reported over and over again.
  • Algorithms can be developed that identify significant updates on stories being tracked, relieving the users from having to sift through long lists of similar articles arriving from different sources.
  • the methods provided in accordance with the present invention provide the basis for personalized news portal and news alerting services that seek to minimize the time and disruptions to users who desire to follow evolving news stories.
  • the subject invention provides various architectural components for analyzing information and filtering content for users.
  • a framework is provided for identifying differences in sets of documents by analyzing the distributions of words and recognized named entities. This framework can be applied to compare individual documents, sets of documents, or a document and a set (for example, a new article vs. the union of previously reviewed news articles on the topic).
  • Second, a collection of algorithms that operate on live news streams (or other temporally evolving streams) provide users with a personalized news experience. These algorithms have been implemented in an example system called News Junkie that presents users with maximally informative news updates. Users can request updates per user-defined periods or per each burst of reports about a story.
  • Users can also tune the desired degree of relevance of these updates to the core story, allowing delivery of offshoot articles that report on related or similar stories. Also, an evaluation method is provided which presents users with a single seed story and sets of articles ranked by different novelty-assessing metrics, and seeks to understand how participants perceive the novelty of these sets in the context of the seed story.
  • the present invention relates to a system and method to identify information novelty and manage information content as it evolves over time.
  • a system for distributing personalized information.
  • the system includes a component that determines differences between two or more information items.
  • An analyzer automatically determines a subset of the information items based in part on the determined differences and as data relating to the information items evolves over time.
  • various methods are provided.
  • a method for creating personalized information includes automatically analyzing documents from different information sources and automatically determining novelty of the documents. A personalized feed of information is then provided to the user based on the novelty of the documents.
  • the systems and methods of the present invention can be applied to a plurality of different applications. These can include applications that assist with the design of ideal reading sequences or paths through currently unread news stories on a topic, within different time-horizons of recency from present time. For designing sequences for catching up on news , applications consider the most recent news as well as news bursts over time, to help people understand the evolution of a news story and navigate the history of stories by major events / updates. Other applications include developing different types of display designs and metaphors, such as the use of a time-line view or other aspects such as the notion of clusters in time.
  • alerts can be provided when a news story appears with keywords if the information novelty is great enough, thus being more useful than simple keyword-centric alerting schemes.
  • a component may be, but is not limited to being, a process running on a processor, a processor, an object, an executable, a thread of execution, a program, and/or a computer.
  • an application running on a server and the server can be a component.
  • One or more components may reside within a process and/or thread of execution and a component may be localized on one computer and/or distributed between two or more computers. Also, these components can execute from various computer readable media having various data structures stored thereon.
  • the components may communicate via local and/or remote processes such as in accordance with a signal having one or more data packets (e.g. , data from one component interacting with another component in a local system, distributed system, and/or across a network such as the Internet with other systems via the signal).
  • a signal having one or more data packets (e.g. , data from one component interacting with another component in a local system, distributed system, and/or across a network such as the Internet with other systems via the signal).
  • an information dynamics system 100 is illustrated in accordance with an aspect of the present invention.
  • the present invention provides systems and methods for identifying information novelty and on how these methods can be applied to manage information content that evolves over time.
  • a general framework 100 is provided for comparing collections of documents 110 via a comparator 114, whereby documents can be organized into groups by their content or source 120, and analyzed by an analyzer 130 for inter-group and intra-group differences and commonalities. For example, juxtaposing two or more groups of documents or files devoted to the same topic but derived from two distinct sources, e.g., news coverage of an event in different parts of the world, can reveal interesting differences of opinions and overall interpretations of situations.
  • the evolution of content can be examined. For example, a stream of news articles can be examined over time on a common story, with the goal of highlighting truly informative updates and filtering out a large mass of articles via a filter 140 that cooperates with the analyzer 130 to deliver personalized information at 150.
  • a model based on words can be enhanced by extracting named entities that denote names of people, organizations, and geographical locations, for example.
  • named entities that denote names of people, organizations, and geographical locations, for example.
  • phrases and collocations whose discriminative semantic properties are usually outweighed by lack of sufficient statistics--named entities identify relatively stable tokens that are used in a common manner by many writers on a given topic, and so their use contributes a considerable amount of information.
  • One type of analysis provided represents articles using the named entities found in them. Analysis can be focused on live streams of news or other temporal streams of data. In one example news feeds span enormous amounts of data, present a plurality of opinions and views, and include a wide spectrum of formats and content from short updates on breaking news, to major recaps of story developments, to mere reiterations of old facts reported over and over again.
  • Algorithms which are described in more detail below can be provided in the comparator 114, analyzer 130 and/or filter 140 that identify updates on stories or streams being tracked, relieving users from having to sift through long lists of similar articles arriving from different news sources.
  • Various methods provide the basis for a personalized news portal and news alerting services at 150 that seek to minimize the time and disruptions to users who desire to follow evolving stories. It is to be appreciated that although one example aspect of the present invention can be applied to analyzing and filtering information such as news, substantially any temporally evolving stream of information can be processed in accordance with the present invention.
  • data can be collected from a plurality of different information sources such as from a user's laptop, mobile device, desktop computer, wherein such data can be cached (e.g., centralized server) and analyzed according to what data the user has previously observed.
  • information can be generated from a plurality of sources such as from the Internet, for example, or in local contexts such as an internal company Intranet.
  • a framework 210 for comparing text collections is illustrated in accordance with an aspect of the present invention. Given two or more sets of textual content, it is to be determined how differences are characterized between the sets. Determining differences is useful in a variety of applications, including automatic profiling and comparison of text collections, automatic identification of different views, scopes and interests reflected in the texts, and automatic identification of novel information. In general, several aspects of "difference" may be investigated as follows:
  • Temporal differences include automatically assessing the novelty over time of news articles (or other type information) originating from live news feeds. Specifically, the following aspects are considered:
  • Fig. 3 is a methodology 300 illustrating a process of characterizing novelty in accordance with an aspect of the present invention. While, for purposes of simplicity of explanation, the methodology is shown and described as a series of acts, it is to be understood and appreciated that the present invention is not limited by the order of acts, as some acts may, in accordance with the present invention, occur in different orders and/or concurrently with other acts from that shown and described herein. For example, those skilled in the art will understand and appreciate that a methodology could alternatively be represented as a series of interrelated states or events, such as in a state diagram. Moreover, not all illustrated acts may be required to implement a methodology in accordance with the present invention.
  • NewsJunkie that implements a collection of algorithms and a number of visualization options for comparing text collections.
  • NewsJunkie represents documents as a set of words augmented with named entities extracted from the text.
  • Common extraction tools were also used for this purpose, which identified names of people, organizations and geographical locations.
  • document groups contain documents with some common property, and constitute the basic unit of comparison. Examples of such common properties can be a particular topic or source of news (e.g ., blackout stories coming from the East Coast news agencies). Inferences are drawn about the differences between document groups by building a model for each group, and then comparing the models using a similarity metric as described below.
  • NewsJunkie represents documents either as smoothed probability distributions over all the features (words + named entities), or as vectors of weighted features (in the same feature space).
  • Weights can be assigned by the popular family of TF.IDF functions which use components representing the frequency of term occurrence in a document and the inverse frequency of term occurrence across documents. Probabilistic weighting functions can also be used. Different smoothing options can also be implemented to improve the term weighting estimates. For example, Laplace's law of succession, or linear smoothing with word probabilities in the entire text collection; the latter option was used throughout the experiments described below. It is noted that more than one smoothing option can be implemented within the system.
  • Similarity metrics are determined for determining differences between information items such as a document or text.
  • a common situation occurs where something interesting happens in the world, and the event is picked up by the news media. If the event is of sufficient public interest, the ensuing developments are tracked in the news as well.
  • an initial report is read and, at some later time, users are interested in catching up with the story.
  • the user's acute information-seeking goal can be satisfied in many ways and with many more updates than even the most avid news junkie has the time to review.
  • Automated tools for sifting through a large quantity of documents on a topic that work to identify elements of genuinely new information can provide great value.
  • a number of document similarity metrics can be employed to identify documents that are most different from a given set of documents (e.g., the union of those read previously), wherein a term distance metric is defined to emphasize the fact that documents are sought that are generally most dissimilar from a set of documents.
  • Normalization by document length is typically essential, as, without normalization the NE score will tend to rise with length, because of the probabilistic influence of length on seeing additional named entities; the longer the document is, the higher the chance it contains more named entities.
  • the distance metrics can be harnessed to identify novel information content for presentation to users.
  • a novelty ranking algorithm is applied iteratively to produce a small set of articles that a reader may be interested in.
  • a greedy, incremental analysis is employed. The algorithm initially compares substantially all the available updates to a seed story that the user has read, and selects the article least similar to it. This article is then added to the seed story (forming a group of two documents), and the algorithm looks for the next update most dissimilar to these articles combined, and so on.
  • the pseudocode for the ranking algorithm is outlined below in Algorithm RANKNEWSBYNOVELTY.
  • judging novelty is a subjective task.
  • One way to obtain statistically meaningful results is to average the judgments of a set of users.
  • participants were asked to read several sets of articles ordered by alternate metrics, and to decide which sets carried the most novel information. Note that this scenario generally requires the evaluators to keep in mind all the article sets they read until they rate them. Since it is difficult to keep several sets of articles on an unfamiliar topic in memory, the experiment was limited to evaluating the following three metrics:
  • the first story was selected as the seed story, and used the three metrics described above to order the rest of the stories by novelty using the algorithm RANKNEWSBYNOVELTY.
  • the algorithm first selects the most novel article relative to the seed story. This article is then added to the seed story to form a new model of what the user is familiar with, and the next most novel article selected.
  • Three articles were selected in this manner for each of the three metrics and each of the 12 topics.
  • the subjects were first asked to read the seed story to get background about the topic. They were then shown the three sets of articles (each set chosen by one of the metrics), and asked to rate the sets from most novel to least novel set. They were instructed to think of the task as identifying the set of articles that they would choose for a friend who had reviewed the seed story, and now desired to learn what was new.
  • the presentation order of the sets generated by the three metrics was randomized across participants.
  • Fig. 4 is a graph 400 illustrating results ranking in accordance with an aspect of the present invention. Overall, 111 user judgments on 12 topics were obtained, averaging 9-10 judgments per topic. Fig. 4 shows the number of times each metric was rated the most, medium and least novel. As can be observed from the graph 400, the sets generated by the KL and NE metrics were rated more novel than those produced by the baseline metric (ORG). Results by topic.
  • Topic id Topic description #times most novel Mean rank KL NE ORG KL NE ORG topic 1 Pizza robbery 5 4 1 1.7 1.6 2.7 topic 2 RIAA rues MP3 users 2 7 0 1.8 1.2 3.0 topic 3 Sharon visits India 2 3 4 2.6 1.7 1.8 topic 4 Pope visits Slovakia 9 0 0 1.0 2.2 2.8 topic 5 Swedish FM killed 5 4 0 1.4 1.6 3.0 topic 6 Al-gori 8 1 0 1.1 2.1 2.8 topic 7 CA governor recall 4 2 3 1.7 2.2 2.1 topic 8 MS bugs 3 5 1 1.9 1.6 2.6 topic 9 SARS in Singapore 7 1 1 1.3 2.0 2.7 topic 10 Iran develops A-bomb 3 5 2 2.2 1.7 2.1 topic 11 NASA investigation 2 5 3 2.1 1.6 2.3 topic 12 Hurricane Isabel 4 5 0 1.9 1.6 2.6 2.6
  • Table 1 presents per-topic results.
  • the three penultimate columns show the number of times each metric was rated the most novel for each topic.
  • the last three columns show mean ranks of the metrics, assuming the most novel is assigned the rank of 1, medium novel - 2, and least novel - 3.
  • Fig. 5 illustrates a personalized update process 500 in accordance with an aspect of the present invention.
  • the algorithm RANKNEWSBYNOVELTY presented and evaluated in the previous section tends to work under the assumption that a user wants to catch up with latest story developments some time after initially reading about it.
  • the algorithm orders the recent articles by their novelty compared to the seed story, and then the user can read a number of highest-scoring articles depending on how much spare time he or she can allocate for the reading.
  • Logistic support such as a collection server would keep track of the articles the user reads in order to estimate the novelty of the new articles streaming in the news or information feed. Based on user's personal preferences, for example, how often the user is interested in getting updates on the story, the server decides which articles to display. Therefore, an online decision mechanism can be provided that determines whether an article contains sufficiently new information to warrant its delivery to the user.
  • an online decision mechanism can be provided that determines whether an article contains sufficiently new information to warrant its delivery to the user.
  • the original novelty algorithm is modified as shown below relating to pick a periodic update.
  • a period of a day was used, so the algorithm identifies daily updates for a user.
  • algorithm PICKDAILYUPDATE compares the articles received today with the union of all the articles received the day before .
  • the algorithm attempts to select the most informative update compared to what was known yesterday, and shows it to the user, provided that the update carries enough new information ( i.e ., its estimated novelty is above the user's personalized threshold).
  • Such conditioning endows the system with the ability to relay to the user informative updates and to filter out articles that only recap previously known details.
  • the algorithm can be generalized to identify n most informative updates per day.
  • the algorithm presented above at 510 can be largely an "offline" procedure, as it updates users at predefined time intervals. Hardcore news junkies may find it frustrating to wait for daily scheduled news updates. For some, a more responsive form of analysis may be desired.
  • breaking news events may be processed at 520 of Fig. 5 where a sliding window is used covering a number of preceding articles to estimate the novelty of the current one. It is noted that estimating distances between articles and a preceding window of fixed-length facilitates the comparison of scores, and different window lengths of 20-60 articles were evaluated. It was found that lengths of approximately 40 typically worked well in practice.
  • a median filter provides this functionality by reducing the amount of noise in the signal.
  • the filter successively considers each data point in the signal and adapts it to better resemble its surroundings, effectively smoothing the original signal and removing outliers.
  • a median filter of width w first sorts w data points within the window centered on the current point, and then replaces the latter with the median value of these points.
  • the resultant signal is passed through a median filter.
  • filters include widths of 3-7, for example; the filter of width 5 appears to work well in the majority of cases.
  • dist is the distance metric
  • D a sequence of relevant articles
  • l sliding window length
  • fw median filter width
  • thresh user-defined sensitivity threshold.
  • a median filter may delay the routing of novel articles to users, since several following articles may need to be considered to reliably detect the beginning of a new burst.
  • delays are rather small (half the width of the median filter used), and the utility of the filter more than compensates for this inconvenience.
  • the algorithm can scan forward several dozens of articles from the moment a burst is detected, in order to select the most informative update instead of simply picking the one that starts the burst.
  • Combination approaches are also feasible such as the rendering of an early update on breaking news, and then waiting for a more informed burst analysis to send the best article on the development.
  • the algorithm above shows the pseudocode for IDENTIFYBREAKINGNEWS that implements burst analysis for news alerting.
  • Fig. 6 shows the application of the algorithm IDENTIFYBREAKINGNEWS to a sample topic.
  • the topic in question is devoted to a bank robbery case in Erie, Pennsylvania, USA, where a group of criminals apparently seized a pizza delivery man, locked a bomb device to his neck and, according to statements made by the delivery man, forced him to rob a local bank. The man was promptly apprehended by police, but soon afterwards the device detonated and killed him. The strange initial story and ensuing investigation were tracked by many news sources for several weeks starting in September 2003.
  • the x-axis of the figure corresponds to the sequence of articles as they arrived in time, and the y-axis plots (raw and median-filtered) distance values for each article given the preceding sliding window.
  • Raw distance scores are represented by a dotted line, and filtered scores are plotted with a solid line.
  • the text boxes accompanying Fig. 6 comment on the actual events that correspond to the identified novelty bursts, and show which potentially spurious peaks have been discarded by the filter.
  • the smoothed novelty score which incorporates the median filter, captures the main developments in the story (interviews with friends, details about the weapon, FBI bulletin for two suspects, and a copycat case), while at the same time filtering out spurious peaks of novelty.
  • characterization of article types and user controls are considered.
  • novelty scores alone should not be relied upon as a sole selection criterion; some articles are identified as novel by virtue a change in topic.
  • a classification of types of novelty is formulated, based on different relationships between an article and a seed story or topic of interest. Examples of these classes of relationships include:
  • relationship types 2 and 3 are probably what most users want to see when they are tracking a topic.
  • a new type of document analysis can be provided that scrutinizes intra-document dynamics. As opposed to previous types of analysis that compared entire documents to one another, this technique "zooms into” documents estimating the relevance of their parts.
  • a model is constructed for every document, and a fixed distance metric is used, e.g. , KL divergence. Then, for each document, a distance score, of a sliding window of words within the document versus the seed story, is computed.
  • the score of a window of words can be construed as a sum of point-wise scores of each word in the window vs. the seed story, as stipulated by comparing the model of the within document window with that of the seed story using the selected metric.
  • a useful property of this technique is that it goes beyond the proverbial bag of words , and considers the document words in their original context. It was opted for using sliding contextual windows rather than apparently more appealing paragraph units, since using a fixed-length window makes distance scores directly comparable. Another obvious choice of the comparison unit would be individual sentences. However, it was believed that performing this analysis at the sentence level would consider too little information, and the range of possible scores would be too large to be useful.
  • Fig. 7 shows sample results of intra-document analysis.
  • a seed story for this analysis was a report on a new case of SARS in Singapore. Articles that mostly recap what has already been said typically have a very limited dynamic range and low absolute scores. Elaboration articles usually have higher absolute scores that reflect the new information they carry. One elaboration for this story reported that the patient's wife was being held under quarantine. Further along this spectrum, articles that may qualify as offshoots but are still anchored to the events described in the seed story have a much wider dynamic range.
  • One offshoot was a story that focused on the impact of SARS on the Asian stock market, and another was on progress on a SARS vaccine. Both offshoot articles used the recent case as a starting point, but were really about a related topic. It is believed that analyzing intra-document dynamics such as the dynamic range and patterns of novelty scores are useful in identifying different types of information that readers would like to follow.
  • the Web has been providing users with a rich set of news sources. It is deceptively easy for Internet surfers to browse multitudes of sources in pursuit of news updates, yet sifting through large quantities of news can involve the reading of large quantities of redundant material.
  • a collection of algorithms have been presented that analyze news feeds and identify articles that carry most novel information given a model of what the user has read before.
  • a word-based representation has been extended with named entities extracted from the text. Using this representation a variety of distance metrics are employed to estimate the dissimilarity between each news article and a collection of articles (e.g., previously read stories).
  • the techniques underlying the algorithms analyze inter- and intra-document dynamics by studying how the delivery of information evolves over time from article to article, as well as within each individual article at the level of contextual word windows.
  • News browsers or server-based services incorporating these algorithms can offer users a personalized news experience, giving users the ability to tune both the desired frequency of news updates and the degree to which these updates should be similar to the seed story, via exercising control over the novelty constraint. More sophisticated distance metrics can be provided that incorporate some of the basic metrics described herein, as well as more detailed profiles of within-document patterns.
  • Figs. 8-11 illustrate example user interfaces in accordance with an aspect of the present invention.
  • Fig. 8 illustrates a list of news stories at 810, wherein a particular topic is selected from the news stories at 810 and displayed at 820 (e.g., Investigators Probe).
  • the display 820 displays news items of interest relating to the selected topic.
  • a particular news item is displayed which is selected from the list at 820.
  • Fig. 9 illustrates that after a topic is selected, it can be listed under an already read section at 910.
  • Fig. 10 illustrates how a subsequent novel article appears at 1010 that is then inspected or read at 1020.
  • Fig. 11 shows how the read item of 1020 is then placed into an already read location at 1110.
  • an exemplary environment 1210 for implementing various aspects of the invention includes a computer 1212.
  • the computer 1212 includes a processing unit 1214, a system memory 1216, and a system bus 1218.
  • the system bus 1218 couples system components including, but not limited to, the system memory 1216 to the processing unit 1214.
  • the processing unit 1214 can be any of various available processors. Dual microprocessors and other multiprocessor architectures also can be employed as the processing unit 1214.
  • the system bus 1218 can be any of several types of bus structure(s) including the memory bus or memory controller, a peripheral bus or external bus, and/or a local bus using any variety of available bus architectures including, but not limited to, 16-bit bus, Industrial Standard Architecture (ISA), Micro-Channel Architecture (MSA), Extended ISA (EISA), Intelligent Drive Electronics (IDE), VESA Local Bus (VLB), Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI), Universal Serial Bus (USB), Advanced Graphics Port (AGP), Personal Computer Memory Card International Association bus (PCMCIA), and Small Computer Systems Interface (SCSI).
  • ISA Industrial Standard Architecture
  • MSA Micro-Channel Architecture
  • EISA Extended ISA
  • IDE Intelligent Drive Electronics
  • VLB VESA Local Bus
  • PCI Peripheral Component Interconnect
  • USB Universal Serial Bus
  • AGP Advanced Graphics Port
  • PCMCIA Personal Computer Memory Card International Association bus
  • SCSI Small Computer Systems Interface
  • the system memory 1216 includes volatile memory 1220 and nonvolatile memory 1222.
  • the basic input/output system (BIOS) containing the basic routines to transfer information between elements within the computer 1212, such as during start-up, is stored in nonvolatile memory 1222.
  • nonvolatile memory 1222 can include read only memory (ROM), programmable ROM (PROM), electrically programmable ROM (EPROM), electrically erasable ROM (EEPROM), or flash memory.
  • Volatile memory 1220 includes random access memory (RAM), which acts as external cache memory.
  • RAM is available in many forms such as synchronous RAM (SRAM), dynamic RAM (DRAM), synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), double data rate SDRAM (DDR SDRAM), enhanced SDRAM (ESDRAM), Synchlink DRAM (SLDRAM), and direct Rambus RAM (DRRAM).
  • SRAM synchronous RAM
  • DRAM dynamic RAM
  • SDRAM synchronous DRAM
  • DDR SDRAM double data rate SDRAM
  • ESDRAM enhanced SDRAM
  • SLDRAM Synchlink DRAM
  • DRRAM direct Rambus RAM
  • Computer 1212 also includes removable/non-removable, volatile/non-volatile computer storage media.
  • Fig. 12 illustrates, for example a disk storage 1224.
  • Disk storage 1224 includes, but is not limited to, devices like a magnetic disk drive, floppy disk drive, tape drive, Jaz drive, Zip drive, LS-100 drive, flash memory card, or memory stick.
  • disk storage 1224 can include storage media separately or in combination with other storage media including, but not limited to, an optical disk drive such as a compact disk ROM device (CD-ROM), CD recordable drive (CD-R Drive), CD rewritable drive (CD-RW Drive) or a digital versatile disk ROM drive (DVD-ROM).
  • CD-ROM compact disk ROM device
  • CD-R Drive CD recordable drive
  • CD-RW Drive CD rewritable drive
  • DVD-ROM digital versatile disk ROM drive
  • a removable or non-removable interface is typically used such as interface 1226.
  • Fig 12 describes software that acts as an intermediary between users and the basic computer resources described in suitable operating environment 1210.
  • Such software includes an operating system 1228.
  • Operating system 1228 which can be stored on disk storage 1224, acts to control and allocate resources of the computer system 1212.
  • System applications 1230 take advantage of the management of resources by operating system 1228 through program modules 1232 and program data 1234 stored either in system memory 1216 or on disk storage 1224. It is to be appreciated that the present invention can be implemented with various operating systems or combinations of operating systems.
  • Input devices 1236 include, but are not limited to, a pointing device such as a mouse, trackball, stylus, touch pad, keyboard, microphone, joystick, game pad, satellite dish, scanner, TV tuner card, digital camera, digital video camera, web camera, and the like. These and other input devices connect to the processing unit 1214 through the system bus 1218 via interface port(s) 1238.
  • Interface port(s) 1238 include, for example, a serial port, a parallel port, a game port, and a universal serial bus (USB).
  • Output device(s) 1240 use some of the same type of ports as input device(s) 1236.
  • a USB port may be used to provide input to computer 1212, and to output information from computer 1212 to an output device 1240.
  • Output adapter 1242 is provided to illustrate that there are some output devices 1240 like monitors, speakers, and printers, among other output devices 1240, that require special adapters.
  • the output adapters 1242 include, by way of illustration and not limitation, video and sound cards that provide a means of connection between the output device 1240 and the system bus 1218. It should be noted that other devices and/or systems of devices provide both input and output capabilities such as remote computer(s) 1244.
  • Computer 1212 can operate in a networked environment using logical connections to one or more remote computers, such as remote computer(s) 1244.
  • the remote computer(s) 1244 can be a personal computer, a server, a router, a network PC, a workstation, a microprocessor based appliance, a peer device or other common network node and the like, and typically includes many or all of the elements described relative to computer 1212. For purposes of brevity, only a memory storage device 1246 is illustrated with remote computer(s) 1244.
  • Remote computer(s) 1244 is logically connected to computer 1212 through a network interface 1248 and then physically connected via communication connection 1250.
  • Network interface 1248 encompasses communication networks such as local-area networks (LAN) and wide-area networks (WAN).
  • LAN technologies include Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI), Copper Distributed Data Interface (CDDI), Ethernet/IEEE 1102.3, Token Ring/IEEE 1102.5 and the like.
  • WAN technologies include, but are not limited to, point-to-point links, circuit switching networks like Integrated Services Digital Networks (ISDN) and variations thereon, packet switching networks, and Digital Subscriber Lines (DSL).
  • ISDN Integrated Services Digital Networks
  • DSL Digital Subscriber Lines
  • Communication connection(s) 1250 refers to the hardware/software employed to connect the network interface 1248 to the bus 1218. While communication connection 1250 is shown for illustrative clarity inside computer 1212, it can also be external to computer 1212.
  • the hardware/software necessary for connection to the network interface 1248 includes, for exemplary purposes only, internal and external technologies such as, modems including regular telephone grade modems, cable modems and DSL modems, ISDN adapters, and Ethernet cards.
  • Fig. 13 is a schematic block diagram of a sample-computing environment 1300 with which the present invention can interact.
  • the system 1300 includes one or more client(s) 1310.
  • the client(s) 1310 can be hardware and/or software (e.g., threads, processes, computing devices).
  • the system 1300 also includes one or more server(s) 1330.
  • the server(s) 1330 can also be hardware and/or software (e.g., threads, processes, computing devices).
  • the servers 1330 can house threads to perform transformations by employing the present invention, for example.
  • One possible communication between a client 1310 and a server 1330 may be in the form of a data packet adapted to be transmitted between two or more computer processes.
  • the system 1300 includes a communication framework 1350 that can be employed to facilitate communications between the client(s) 1310 and the server(s) 1330.
  • the client(s) 1310 are operably connected to one or more client data store(s) 1360 that can be employed to store information local to the client(s) 1310.
  • the server(s) 1330 are operably connected to one or more server data store(s) 1340 that can be employed to store information local to the servers 1330.
EP05101400A 2004-03-02 2005-02-24 Prinzipien und Verfahren zum Personalisieren von Newsfeeds durch eine Analyse von Informationsneuheit und -dynamik Ceased EP1571579A1 (de)

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