EP1567281A1 - Method and installation for pointing a fine fluid jet, in particular in welding, or laser hardfacing - Google Patents

Method and installation for pointing a fine fluid jet, in particular in welding, or laser hardfacing

Info

Publication number
EP1567281A1
EP1567281A1 EP03778436A EP03778436A EP1567281A1 EP 1567281 A1 EP1567281 A1 EP 1567281A1 EP 03778436 A EP03778436 A EP 03778436A EP 03778436 A EP03778436 A EP 03778436A EP 1567281 A1 EP1567281 A1 EP 1567281A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fluid
welding
nozzle
jet
flow
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP03778436A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Philippe Alips
François DUBRULLE
Gabriel Vergniez
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ArcelorMittal France SA
Original Assignee
USINOR SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by USINOR SA filed Critical USINOR SA
Publication of EP1567281A1 publication Critical patent/EP1567281A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/14—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/14—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor
    • B23K26/146—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor the fluid stream containing a liquid
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/14—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor
    • B23K26/1462—Nozzles; Features related to nozzles
    • B23K26/1464—Supply to, or discharge from, nozzles of media, e.g. gas, powder, wire
    • B23K26/1476—Features inside the nozzle for feeding the fluid stream through the nozzle

Definitions

  • the preferred technical field concerned by the invention is welding, machining or recharging by LASER beam.
  • LASER welding has particularly developed in recent years in the field of joining bare or coated sheets for automotive applications. This process involves gas jets in different ways:
  • Nozzles coaxial or lateral to the LASER beam allow the supply of gas at a flow rate of 15 to 30 l / min.
  • the role of this gas is to ensure the protection of the liquid metal and of the solidified zone at high temperature, without causing disturbance of the molten bath.
  • gas during LASER welding Another role assigned to gas during LASER welding consists in driving out the plasma (metallic vapors and ionized gases) produced by the interaction between the beam and the material. Opaque to radiation, this plasma can absorb up to 70% of the beam energy and considerably reduce penetration. Plasma control therefore makes it possible to weld with increased speed and to obtain an improvement in the appearance of the bead after welding.
  • the gas is supplied with a high flow rate via a nozzle of small diameter, of the order of a few millimeters. This is integral with the head comprising the LASER beam, but offset longitudinally behind it in the direction of welding. The nozzle is inclined so that the gas jet coincides with the zone of interaction of the beam.
  • these various examples illustrate the fact that the very precise positioning or pointing of the gaseous jet of the offset nozzle with respect to the beam is a determining element for obtaining LASER welded joints of satisfactory quality.
  • this pointing is carried out by the following means:
  • a metallic wire is inserted, in a more or less stable way, inside the nozzle, in order to materialize the gas jet and its point of impact with respect to the beam.
  • the present invention aims to solve the problems mentioned above.
  • it makes it possible to visualize in a precise and reproducible manner the impact of a fine jet of fluid, on an area or an object during a welding, machining, recharging operation, in particular by LASER beam.
  • the invention relates to a method of pointing a fine jet of fluid over an area or an object, in particular in welding, machining or LASER reloading, this jet being emitted from a nozzle of blowing comprising an ejection channel comprising an end portion of substantially circular section of diameter less than or equal to 5mm, a light source disposed in the axis of the ejection channel upstream of the nozzle in the direction of flow fluid, generating a non-diverging mono or polychromatic light beam, at least one wavelength of which is between 400 and 760 nanometers, coaxial with the ejection channel and propagating inside the channel in the direction d flow of the fluid, according to which, the flow of the fluid being momentarily interrupted, by relatively moving the object or the zone or the light beam, one points the light beam on the object or the zone and one sends the fine jet of fluid on the has area or object.
  • the fluid is a gas.
  • the fluid contains fine particles.
  • the invention also relates to a device for implementing the method according to the invention, comprising a nozzle for blowing a fluid comprising an ejection channel comprising an end portion of substantially circular section of smaller or equal diameter at 5mm, a LASER light source arranged in the axis of the ejection channel upstream of the nozzle in the direction of flow of the fluid flow, generating a non-divergent monochromatic light beam, at least one wavelength of which is between 400 and 760 nanometers, coaxial with the ejection channel and propagating inside the channel in the direction of flow of said fluid, as well as means for supplying fluid to said nozzle.
  • the device according to the invention can advantageously have one or more of the following characteristics, alone or in combination:
  • the light source is isolated from the fluid jet by a sealed separation -
  • the length of the terminal part of the fluid ejection channel is greater than or equal to five times the diameter of the terminal part of the ejection channel
  • the device includes an alignment means to ensure the coaxiality of the fluid jet and the light flux.
  • the invention also relates to a welding, machining or reloading installation, comprising at least one pointing device according to the invention.
  • the welding, machining or reloading head of this welding, machining or reloading installation is integrally connected to a cradle on which is mounted at least one device according to the invention, the cradle being orientable in rotation or in translation so as to precisely point the fluid jet.
  • welding, machining or recharging is carried out by LASER beam.
  • a set 1 comprising the arrival of the fluid flow - A set 2 comprising a light source 3.
  • the radiation emitted by the source intended to be visible by an operator is located at least partially in the spectral range ranging from 400 to
  • the light beam is non-divergent, this being obtained for example using a suitable lens known in itself.
  • a LASER diode is used with advantage as a light source, in order to obtain a very punctual beam with good visibility over a large depth of field.
  • the fluid in the assembly 1 arrives via the conduit 4.
  • This fluid can be gaseous, liquid, or composed of several phases, such as for example fine solid particles in suspension in a fluid.
  • An ejection channel 10 then directs the fluid jet.
  • the diameter of the substantially circular end portion 11 of the ejection channel is less than or equal to 5 millimeters to obtain increased pointing accuracy.
  • the length of the terminal part of the ejection channel is preferably greater than 5 times its diameter to ensure the stability of the fluid jet while minimizing turbulence.
  • the device can comprise, as shown in FIG. 1, pads 6 and 7 in order to ensure that the sets 1 and 2 are aligned coaxially in a perfect and reproducible manner.
  • the whole of the pointing device described above is advantageously mounted on a cradle (known in itself, not shown in Figure 1) connected integrally to the welding head, machining or reloading.
  • This cradle is orientable in translation and in rotation so as to easily and precisely adjust the orientation of the light beam and of the gas flow.
  • the light beam from the source is oriented approximately towards the target area or object of the fluid jet, the flow of fluid being interrupted at this time.
  • the light beam is very precisely pointed at the target area or object.
  • the fluid is then ejected, the fine jet of which is thus exactly targeted on the area or the object.
  • the invention has a certain number of advantages: allowing a preview of the impact of a very fine fluid jet, the pointing method and installation avoids using jets with a high flow rate of gas which are sometimes expensive, and whose impact can disrupt certain processes.
  • the integration of the light source within the fluid nozzle itself ensures high pointing accuracy, and, in the case of welding, protection of this same source in the event of pollution by metallic vapors. Thanks to this pointing accuracy, a substantial reduction in faults and an increase in the efficiency of welding, machining or reloading installations can be obtained.

Abstract

The invention concerns a method for pointing a fine fluid jet onto a zone or an object in particular in welding, machining, or laser hardfacing, the jet being emitted from a blowing nozzle (5), the nozzle comprising an exhaust channel (10) including a terminal portion (11) of substantially circular cross-section having a diameter not greater than 5 mm, a light source (3) arranged in the axis of the discharge channel (10) upstream of the nozzle (5) in the flow direction of the fluid flux, generating a non-divergent mono-or polychromatic light beam whereof at least one wavelength ranges between 400 and 760 nanometers, coaxial with the exhaust channel (10) and propagated inside the channel in the flow direction of the fluid, whereby, the fluid flow being momentarily interrupted, by relative displacement of the object or zone or the light beam, the light beam is pointed on the object or the zone and the fine fluid jet is projected onto the zone or object.

Description

PROCEDE ET DISPOSITIF DE POINTAGE D'UN JET FIN METHOD AND DEVICE FOR POINTING A FINE JET
DE FLUIDE, NOTAMMENT EN SOUDAGE, USINAGE, OUOF FLUID, PARTICULARLY IN WELDING, MACHINING, OR
RECHARGEMENT LASERLASER RECHARGING
Le domaine technique privilégié concerné par l'invention est le soudage, l'usinage ou le rechargement par faisceau LASER.The preferred technical field concerned by the invention is welding, machining or recharging by LASER beam.
Le soudage LASER s'est particulièrement développé au cours de ces dernières années dans le domaine de l'assemblage des tôles nues ou revêtues pour applications automobiles. Ce procédé fait intervenir des jets de gaz de différentes manières:LASER welding has particularly developed in recent years in the field of joining bare or coated sheets for automotive applications. This process involves gas jets in different ways:
- Des buses coaxiale ou latérale par rapport au faisceau LASER permettent l'amenée de gaz sous un débit de 15 à 30l/mn. Le rôle de ce gaz est d'assurer la protection du métal liquide et de la zone solidifiée à haute température, sans entraîner de perturbation du bain de fusion.- Nozzles coaxial or lateral to the LASER beam allow the supply of gas at a flow rate of 15 to 30 l / min. The role of this gas is to ensure the protection of the liquid metal and of the solidified zone at high temperature, without causing disturbance of the molten bath.
- Un autre rôle dévolu au gaz lors du soudage LASER consiste à chasser le plasma (vapeurs métalliques et gaz ionisés) produit par l'interaction entre le faisceau et la matière. Opaque au rayonnement, ce plasma peut absorber jusqu'à 70% de l'énergie du faisceau et réduire considérablement la pénétration. Le contrôle du plasma permet donc de souder avec une vitesse accrue et d'obtenir une amélioration de l'aspect du cordon après soudage. Dans ce cas, le gaz est amené avec un débit élevé par l'intermédiaire d'une buse de faible diamètre, de l'ordre de quelques millimètres. Celle-ci est solidaire de la tête comportant le faisceau LASER, mais déportée longitudinalement derrière celui-ci dans le sens du soudage. La buse est inclinée de façon à ce que le jet gazeux coïncide avec la zone d'interaction du faisceau.- Another role assigned to gas during LASER welding consists in driving out the plasma (metallic vapors and ionized gases) produced by the interaction between the beam and the material. Opaque to radiation, this plasma can absorb up to 70% of the beam energy and considerably reduce penetration. Plasma control therefore makes it possible to weld with increased speed and to obtain an improvement in the appearance of the bead after welding. In this case, the gas is supplied with a high flow rate via a nozzle of small diameter, of the order of a few millimeters. This is integral with the head comprising the LASER beam, but offset longitudinally behind it in the direction of welding. The nozzle is inclined so that the gas jet coincides with the zone of interaction of the beam.
- En outre, dans le cas de soudage LASER de tôles d'aciers revêtues, le soufflage d'un fin jet gazeux par l'intermédiaire d'une buse déportée joue un rôle favorable sur le dégazage des vapeurs métalliques au sein du bain liquide, et donc sur la diminution des porosités.In addition, in the case of LASER welding of coated steel sheets, the blowing of a fine gas jet via a remote nozzle plays a favorable role on the degassing of the metallic vapors within the liquid bath, and therefore on the reduction of porosities.
L'expérience montre que le positionnement du jet de gaz par rapport à la zone d'interaction doit être précis : - En soudage par raboutage, l'intersection de l'axe du jet de gaz doit se situer à 0,5mm au dessus de la surface de la tôle : trop proche de celle-ci, le jet de gaz perturbe l'éjection des vapeurs métalliques provenant du capillaire (« keyhole »). Trop éloigné, ce jet de gaz n'a plus d'action mécanique sur le soufflage du plasma. Le réglage du contrôle du plasma en soudage LASER est donc un point particulièrement délicat.Experience shows that the positioning of the gas jet relative to the interaction zone must be precise: - In butt welding, the intersection of the axis of the gas jet must be 0.5mm above the surface of the sheet: too close to it, the gas jet disturbs the ejection of vapors metallic from the capillary ("keyhole"). Too far away, this gas jet no longer has any mechanical action on the plasma blowing. The adjustment of the plasma control in LASER welding is therefore a particularly delicate point.
- En soudage LASER par recouvrement, il est possible de projeter le jet de gaz à l'arrière du bain liquide de façon à exercer une pression sur celui-ci et réduire la formation de porosités, mais la précision du positionnement de ce jet doit être meilleure qu'un millimètre.- In LASER welding by overlap, it is possible to project the gas jet at the back of the liquid bath so as to exert pressure on it and reduce the formation of porosities, but the precision of the positioning of this jet must be better than a millimeter.
Ainsi, ces différents exemples illustrent le fait que le positionnement ou le pointage très précis du jet gazeux de la buse déportée par rapport au faisceau est un élément déterminant pour obtenir des joints soudés LASER de qualité satisfaisante. A l'heure actuelle, ce pointage est effectué par les moyens suivants :Thus, these various examples illustrate the fact that the very precise positioning or pointing of the gaseous jet of the offset nozzle with respect to the beam is a determining element for obtaining LASER welded joints of satisfactory quality. At present, this pointing is carried out by the following means:
- On insère, de manière plus ou moins stable, un fil métallique à l'intérieur de la buse, dans le but de matérialiser le jet de gaz et son point d'impact par rapport au faisceau.- A metallic wire is inserted, in a more or less stable way, inside the nozzle, in order to materialize the gas jet and its point of impact with respect to the beam.
- On matérialise également le jet gazeux par la fixation d'un élément très léger (fil...) à la sortie de la buse, celui-ci s'orientant en présence du jet de gaz.- We also materialize the gaseous jet by fixing a very light element (wire ...) at the outlet of the nozzle, the latter being oriented in the presence of the gas jet.
- En soudage par raboutage, on a également observé que la symétrie des vagues de solidification sur le cordon donnait une indication sur le positionnement latéral de la buse par rapport à l'axe longitudinal de déplacement du faisceau LASER.- In butt welding, it was also observed that the symmetry of the solidification waves on the bead gave an indication of the lateral positioning of the nozzle relative to the longitudinal axis of movement of the LASER beam.
Tous ces procédés présentent cependant de sérieux inconvénients : ils sont peu précis, peu reproductibles, et dépendent beaucoup de l'opérateur. Ces difficultés ont d'ailleurs conduit de nombreux utilisateurs du soudage LASER à abandonner la méthode si avantageuse du contrôle du plasma qui a été évoquée précédemment.However, all these methods have serious drawbacks: they are imprecise, not very reproducible, and very much depend on the operator. These difficulties have also led many users of LASER welding to abandon the advantageous method of plasma control which was mentioned previously.
Bien que les points qui ont été exposés concernent le soudage LASER, d'autres techniques utilisant des jets fins de fluides (liquides, gaz, fluides contenant éventuellement de fines particules), nécessitent également un pointage précis de l'impact du jet : on citera par exemple certains procédés de soudage sous gaz, d'usinage (perçage, découpe), de traitements de surface, notamment de rechargement.Although the points which have been exposed relate to LASER welding, other techniques using fine jets of fluids (liquids, gases, fluids possibly containing fine particles), also require a precise pointing of the impact of the jet: we will cite for example certain gas welding processes, machining (drilling, cutting), surface treatments, in particular reloading.
La présente invention a pour but de résoudre les problèmes évoqués précédemment. En particulier, elle permet de visualiser de manière précise et reproductible l'impact d'un jet fin de fluide, sur une zone ou un objet lors d'une opération de soudage, d'usinage, de rechargement, notamment par faisceau LASER. Avec ces objectifs en vue, l'invention a pour objet un procédé de pointage d'un jet fin de fluide sur une zone ou un objet, notamment en soudage, usinage ou rechargement LASER, ce jet étant émis à partir d'une buse de soufflage comportant un canal d'éjection comprenant une partie terminale de section sensiblement circulaire de diamètre inférieur ou égal à 5mm, une source lumineuse disposée dans l'axe du canal d'éjection en amont de la buse dans le sens de l'écoulement du flux du fluide, générant un faisceau lumineux non divergent mono ou poly-chromatique, dont au moins une longueur d'onde est comprise entre 400 et 760 nanomètres, coaxial au canal d'éjection et se propageant à l'intérieur du canal dans le sens d'écoulement du fluide, selon lequel, l'écoulement du fluide étant momentanément interrompu, en déplaçant relativement l'objet ou la zone ou le faisceau lumineux, on pointe le faisceau lumineux sur l'objet ou la zone et on envoie le jet fin de fluide sur la zone ou l'objet. Selon une caractéristique de l'invention, le fluide est un gaz. Selon une autre caractéristique, le fluide contient de fines particules. L'invention a également pour objet un dispositif pour la mise en œuvre du procédé conforme à l'invention, comprenant une buse de soufflage d'un fluide comportant un canal d'éjection comprenant une partie terminale de section sensiblement circulaire de diamètre inférieur ou égal à 5mm, une source lumineuse LASER disposée dans l'axe du canal d'éjection en amont de la buse dans le sens de l'écoulement du flux du fluide, générant un faisceau lumineux non divergent monochromatique, dont au moins une longueur d'onde est comprise entre 400 et 760 nanomètres, coaxial au canal d'éjection et se propageant à l'intérieur du canal dans le sens d'écoulement dudit fluide, ainsi que des moyens d'alimentation en fluide de la dite buse. Le dispositif selon l'invention peut présenter avantageusement une ou plusieurs des caractéristiques suivantes, seules ou en combinaison :The present invention aims to solve the problems mentioned above. In particular, it makes it possible to visualize in a precise and reproducible manner the impact of a fine jet of fluid, on an area or an object during a welding, machining, recharging operation, in particular by LASER beam. With these objectives in view, the invention relates to a method of pointing a fine jet of fluid over an area or an object, in particular in welding, machining or LASER reloading, this jet being emitted from a nozzle of blowing comprising an ejection channel comprising an end portion of substantially circular section of diameter less than or equal to 5mm, a light source disposed in the axis of the ejection channel upstream of the nozzle in the direction of flow fluid, generating a non-diverging mono or polychromatic light beam, at least one wavelength of which is between 400 and 760 nanometers, coaxial with the ejection channel and propagating inside the channel in the direction d flow of the fluid, according to which, the flow of the fluid being momentarily interrupted, by relatively moving the object or the zone or the light beam, one points the light beam on the object or the zone and one sends the fine jet of fluid on the has area or object. According to a characteristic of the invention, the fluid is a gas. According to another characteristic, the fluid contains fine particles. The invention also relates to a device for implementing the method according to the invention, comprising a nozzle for blowing a fluid comprising an ejection channel comprising an end portion of substantially circular section of smaller or equal diameter at 5mm, a LASER light source arranged in the axis of the ejection channel upstream of the nozzle in the direction of flow of the fluid flow, generating a non-divergent monochromatic light beam, at least one wavelength of which is between 400 and 760 nanometers, coaxial with the ejection channel and propagating inside the channel in the direction of flow of said fluid, as well as means for supplying fluid to said nozzle. The device according to the invention can advantageously have one or more of the following characteristics, alone or in combination:
- La source lumineuse est isolée du jet de fluide par une séparation étanche - La longueur de la partie terminale du canal d'éjection du fluide est supérieure ou égale à cinq fois le diamètre de la partie terminale du canal d'éjection- The light source is isolated from the fluid jet by a sealed separation - The length of the terminal part of the fluid ejection channel is greater than or equal to five times the diameter of the terminal part of the ejection channel
- Le dispositif comporte un moyen d'alignement pour assurer la coaxialité du jet de fluide et du flux lumineux. L'invention a également pour objet une installation de soudage, d'usinage ou de rechargement, comprenant au moins un dispositif de pointage conforme à l'invention.- The device includes an alignment means to ensure the coaxiality of the fluid jet and the light flux. The invention also relates to a welding, machining or reloading installation, comprising at least one pointing device according to the invention.
Préférentiellement, la tête de soudage, d'usinage ou de rechargement de cette installation de soudage, d'usinage ou de rechargement, est reliée solidairement à un berceau sur lequel est monté au moins un dispositif conforme à l'invention, le berceau étant orientable en rotation ou en translation de manière à pointer précisément le jet de fluide. Selon une caractéristique préférée de l'invention, le soudage, l'usinage ou le rechargement est effectué par faisceau LASER. L'invention va maintenant être décrite de façon plus précise, mais non limitative, au vu de la figure 1 annexée qui présente schématiquement une buse de soufflage munie d'un dispositif selon l'invention. Le dispositif comprend deux parties :Preferably, the welding, machining or reloading head of this welding, machining or reloading installation is integrally connected to a cradle on which is mounted at least one device according to the invention, the cradle being orientable in rotation or in translation so as to precisely point the fluid jet. According to a preferred characteristic of the invention, welding, machining or recharging is carried out by LASER beam. The invention will now be described in a more precise, but non-limiting manner, in the light of the appended FIG. 1 which schematically presents a blowing nozzle provided with a device according to the invention. The device has two parts:
- Un ensemble 1 comportant l'arrivée du flux de fluide - Un ensemble 2 comportant une source lumineuse 3.- A set 1 comprising the arrival of the fluid flow - A set 2 comprising a light source 3.
Le rayonnement émis par la source destiné à être visible par un opérateur est situé au moins partiellement dans le domaine spectral allant de 400 àThe radiation emitted by the source intended to be visible by an operator is located at least partially in the spectral range ranging from 400 to
760 nm. Afin d'obtenir un pointage précis sur des objets situés à différentes distances, le faisceau lumineux est non divergent, ceci étant obtenu par exemple à l'aide d'une lentille appropriée connue en elle-même.760 nm. In order to obtain a precise pointing on objects located at different distances, the light beam is non-divergent, this being obtained for example using a suitable lens known in itself.
On utilise avec profit comme source lumineuse une diode LASER, afin d'obtenir un faisceau très ponctuel avec une bonne visibilité sur une grande profondeur de champ. L'arrivée du fluide dans l'ensemble 1 se fait par l'intermédiaire du conduit 4. Ce fluide peut être gazeux, liquide, ou composé de plusieurs phases, tel que par exemple de fines particules solides en suspension dans un fluide. Un canal d'éjection 10 oriente ensuite le jet de fluide. Le diamètre de la partie terminale 11 , sensiblement circulaire, du canal d'éjection est inférieur ou égal à 5 millimètres pour obtenir une précision accrue de pointage. La longueur de la partie terminale du canal d'éjection, c'est-à-dire la longueur de la partie où la circulation de fluide se fait coaxialement au faisceau lumineux, et dans le même sens que celui-ci, est préférentiellement supérieure à 5 fois son diamètre afin d'assurer la stabilité du jet de fluide en minimisant les turbulences.A LASER diode is used with advantage as a light source, in order to obtain a very punctual beam with good visibility over a large depth of field. The fluid in the assembly 1 arrives via the conduit 4. This fluid can be gaseous, liquid, or composed of several phases, such as for example fine solid particles in suspension in a fluid. An ejection channel 10 then directs the fluid jet. The diameter of the substantially circular end portion 11 of the ejection channel is less than or equal to 5 millimeters to obtain increased pointing accuracy. The length of the terminal part of the ejection channel, that is to say the length of the part where the circulation of fluid takes place coaxially with the light beam, and in the same direction as the latter, is preferably greater than 5 times its diameter to ensure the stability of the fluid jet while minimizing turbulence.
Les ensembles 1 et 2 sont solidarisés par un moyen mécanique appropriéThe assemblies 1 and 2 are secured by an appropriate mechanical means
" connu en lui-même. Un moyen de" réglage "isostatique assure une parfaite coaxialité des faisceaux gazeux et lumineux. A cet effet, le dispositif peut comprendre, comme l'indique la figure 1 , des plots 6 et 7 afin d'assurer que les ensembles 1 et 2 sont alignés coaxialement de façon parfaite et reproductible. " known in itself. An isostatic " adjustment "means ensures perfect coaxiality of the gas and light beams. To this end, the device can comprise, as shown in FIG. 1, pads 6 and 7 in order to ensure that the sets 1 and 2 are aligned coaxially in a perfect and reproducible manner.
Dans le cas ou l'on souhaite assurer une étanchéité entre la source 3 et le fluide, on dispose une séparation étanche 8 optiquement transparente au flux lumineux issu de la source. Cette séparation repose sur un siège usiné dans l'ensemble 1 ou l'ensemble 2. Un joint torique 9 assure par exemple l'étanchéité.In the case where it is desired to ensure a seal between the source 3 and the fluid, there is a sealed partition 8 optically transparent to the light flux coming from the source. This separation rests on a seat machined in the assembly 1 or the assembly 2. An O-ring 9 ensures for example the sealing.
Dans le cas où le dispositif décrit est utilisé pour pointer un faisceau de fluide, notamment de gaz, lors d'une opération de soudage, d'usinage ou de rechargement, l'ensemble du dispositif de pointage décrit ci-dessus est avantageusement monté sur un berceau (connu en lui-même, non représenté sur la figure 1 ) relié solidairement à la tête de soudage, d'usinage ou de rechargement. Ce berceau est orientable en translation et en rotation de façon à ajuster aisément et de manière précise l'orientation du faisceau lumineux et du flux gazeux.In the case where the device described is used to point a beam of fluid, in particular gas, during a welding, machining or recharging operation, the whole of the pointing device described above is advantageously mounted on a cradle (known in itself, not shown in Figure 1) connected integrally to the welding head, machining or reloading. This cradle is orientable in translation and in rotation so as to easily and precisely adjust the orientation of the light beam and of the gas flow.
Dans un premier temps, on oriente approximativement le faisceau lumineux provenant de la source en direction de la zone ou de l'objet cible du jet de fluide, l'écoulement du fluide étant à ce moment interrompu. Au moyen de réglages plus fins de la translation ou de la rotation du berceau-support de l'installation de pointage ou bien du déplacement de l'objet cible, on pointe très exactement le faisceau lumineux sur la zone ou l'objet cible. On déclenche ensuite l'éjection du fluide, dont le jet fin se trouve ainsi exactement ciblé sur la zone ou l'objet.Initially, the light beam from the source is oriented approximately towards the target area or object of the fluid jet, the flow of fluid being interrupted at this time. By means of finer adjustments of the translation or rotation of the support cradle of the pointing installation or of the displacement of the target object, the light beam is very precisely pointed at the target area or object. The fluid is then ejected, the fine jet of which is thus exactly targeted on the area or the object.
L'invention présente un certain nombre d'avantages : permettant une prévisualisation de l'impact d'un jet de fluide très fin, le procédé et l'installation de pointage évitent de mettre en œuvre des jets à grand débit de gaz parfois coûteux, et dont l'impact peut perturber certains procédés. L'intégration de la source lumineuse au sein même de la buse de fluide assure une grande précision de pointage, et, dans le cas du soudage, une protection de cette même source en cas de pollutions par des vapeurs métalliques. Grâce à cette précision de pointage, une réduction sensible des défauts et une augmentation du rendement des installations de soudage, d'usinage ou de rechargement, peuvent être obtenus. The invention has a certain number of advantages: allowing a preview of the impact of a very fine fluid jet, the pointing method and installation avoids using jets with a high flow rate of gas which are sometimes expensive, and whose impact can disrupt certain processes. The integration of the light source within the fluid nozzle itself ensures high pointing accuracy, and, in the case of welding, protection of this same source in the event of pollution by metallic vapors. Thanks to this pointing accuracy, a substantial reduction in faults and an increase in the efficiency of welding, machining or reloading installations can be obtained.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Procédé de pointage d'un jet fin de fluide sur une zone ou un objet, notamment en soudage, usinage, ou rechargement LASER, ledit jet étant émis à partir d'une buse de soufflage (5), la dite buse comportant un canal d'éjection (10) comprenant une partie terminale (11 ) de section sensiblement circulaire de diamètre inférieur ou égal à 5 mm, une source lumineuse (3) disposée dans l'axe du canal d'éjection (10) en amont de la dite buse (5) dans le sens de l'écoulement du flux dudit fluide, générant un faisceau lumineux non divergent mono ou poly-chromatique, dont au moins une longueur d'onde est comprise entre 400 et 760 nanomètres, coaxial au canal d'éjection (10) et se propageant à l'intérieur dudit canal dans le sens d'écoulement dudit fluide, selon lequel, l'écoulement dudit fluide étant momentanément interrompu, en déplaçant relativement le dit objet ou la dite zone ou le dit faisceau lumineux, on pointe le dit faisceau lumineux sur ledit objet ou la dite zone et on envoie le dit jet fin de fluide sur la dite zone ou le dit objet.1. Method for pointing a fine jet of fluid onto an area or an object, in particular in welding, machining, or LASER reloading, said jet being emitted from a blowing nozzle (5), said nozzle comprising a ejection channel (10) comprising an end portion (11) of substantially circular section of diameter less than or equal to 5 mm, a light source (3) disposed in the axis of the ejection channel (10) upstream of the said nozzle (5) in the direction of flow of the flow of said fluid, generating a non-divergent mono or polychromatic light beam, at least one wavelength of which is between 400 and 760 nanometers, coaxial with the channel ejection (10) and propagating inside said channel in the direction of flow of said fluid, according to which, the flow of said fluid being momentarily interrupted, by relatively moving said object or said zone or said light beam, we point the said light beam on the said object or the said zone and the said fine fluid jet is sent to the said zone or the said object.
2 Procédé selon la revendication 1 , caractérisé en ce que le fluide est un gaz.2 Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the fluid is a gas.
3. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 ou 2 caractérisé en ce que le fluide contient de fines particules.3. Method according to any one of claims 1 or 2 characterized in that the fluid contains fine particles.
4. Dispositif pour la mise en œuvre du procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3 caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend une buse de soufflage (5) d'un fluide, la dite buse comportant un canal d'éjection (10) comprenant une partie terminale (11 ) de section sensiblement circulaire de diamètre inférieur ou égal à 5 mm, une source lumineuse LASER (3) disposée dans l'axe du canal d'éjection (10) en amont de la dite buse (5) dans le sens de l'écoulement du flux dudit fluide, générant un faisceau lumineux non divergent monochromatique, dont au moins une longueur d'onde est comprise entre 400 et 760 nanomètres, coaxial au canal d'éjection (10) et se propageant à l'intérieur dudit canal dans le sens d'écoulement dudit fluide, - des moyens d'alimentation en fluide de la dite buse.4. Device for implementing the method according to any one of claims 1 to 3 characterized in that it comprises a blowing nozzle (5) of a fluid, the said nozzle comprising an ejection channel (10 ) comprising an end portion (11) of substantially circular section of diameter less than or equal to 5 mm, a LASER light source (3) disposed in the axis of the ejection channel (10) upstream of said nozzle (5) in the direction of flow of the flow of said fluid, generating a non-divergent monochromatic light beam, at least one length of which wave is between 400 and 760 nanometers, coaxial with the ejection channel (10) and propagating inside said channel in the direction of flow of said fluid, - means for supplying fluid to said nozzle .
5. Dispositif selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que la source lumineuse (3) est isolée dudit jet de fluide par une séparation étanche (8).5. Device according to claim 4, characterized in that the light source (3) is isolated from said fluid jet by a sealed separation (8).
6. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 4 ou 5 caractérisé en ce que la longueur de la partie terminale du canal d'éjection (10) du fluide est supérieure ou égale à cinq fois le diamètre de la partie terminale (1 1 ) du canal d'éjection (10).6. Device according to any one of claims 4 or 5 characterized in that the length of the end part of the ejection channel (10) of the fluid is greater than or equal to five times the diameter of the end part (1 1) of the ejection channel (10).
7. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 4 à 6 caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte un moyen d'alignement (6) pour assurer la coaxialité dudit jet de fluide et dudit flux lumineux.7. Device according to any one of claims 4 to 6 characterized in that it comprises an alignment means (6) to ensure the coaxiality of said fluid jet and said light flux.
8. Installation de soudage, d'usinage ou de rechargement, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comprend au moins un dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 4 à 7.8. Welding, machining or reloading installation, characterized in that it comprises at least one device according to any one of claims 4 to 7.
9. Installation de soudage, d'usinage ou de rechargement, caractérisée en ce que la tête de soudage, d'usinage ou de rechargement, est reliée solidairement à un berceau sur lequel est monté au moins un dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 4 à 7, ledit berceau étant orientable en rotation ou en translation de manière à pointer précisément le dit jet de fluide.9. Welding, machining or reloading installation, characterized in that the welding, machining or reloading head is connected integrally to a cradle on which is mounted at least one device according to any one of claims 4 to 7, said cradle being orientable in rotation or in translation so as to precisely point said fluid jet.
10. Installation selon la revendication 8 ou 9, caractérisée en ce que le soudage, l'usinage, ou le rechargement est effectué par faisceau LASER. 10. Installation according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the welding, machining, or recharging is carried out by LASER beam.
EP03778436A 2002-10-31 2003-10-22 Method and installation for pointing a fine fluid jet, in particular in welding, or laser hardfacing Withdrawn EP1567281A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0213720 2002-10-31
FR0213720A FR2846581B1 (en) 2002-10-31 2002-10-31 METHOD AND DEVICE FOR PUNCHING A FLUID-ENDING JET, IN PARTICULAR WELDING, MACHINING, OR LASER RECHARGING
PCT/FR2003/003131 WO2004041445A1 (en) 2002-10-31 2003-10-22 Method and installation for pointing a fine fluid jet, in particular in welding, or laser hardfacing

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EP1567281A1 true EP1567281A1 (en) 2005-08-31

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EP (1) EP1567281A1 (en)
JP (1) JP2006504536A (en)
CN (1) CN100357036C (en)
AU (1) AU2003285435A1 (en)
BR (1) BR0315865A (en)
CA (1) CA2503721A1 (en)
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FR2846581B1 (en) 2006-01-13
FR2846581A1 (en) 2004-05-07
CN1708360A (en) 2005-12-14
WO2004041445A1 (en) 2004-05-21
MXPA05004565A (en) 2005-07-26
CA2503721A1 (en) 2004-05-21
AU2003285435A1 (en) 2004-06-07
US20060108341A1 (en) 2006-05-25
JP2006504536A (en) 2006-02-09
CN100357036C (en) 2007-12-26
BR0315865A (en) 2005-09-27

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