EP1563231A1 - Hot air generator - Google Patents

Hot air generator

Info

Publication number
EP1563231A1
EP1563231A1 EP03758692A EP03758692A EP1563231A1 EP 1563231 A1 EP1563231 A1 EP 1563231A1 EP 03758692 A EP03758692 A EP 03758692A EP 03758692 A EP03758692 A EP 03758692A EP 1563231 A1 EP1563231 A1 EP 1563231A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heat exchanger
hot air
combustion products
air generator
fan
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP03758692A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1563231B1 (en
Inventor
Alfonso Vescovi
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
TECNOCLIMA SpA
Original Assignee
TECNOCLIMA SpA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by TECNOCLIMA SpA filed Critical TECNOCLIMA SpA
Publication of EP1563231A1 publication Critical patent/EP1563231A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1563231B1 publication Critical patent/EP1563231B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H3/00—Air heaters
    • F24H3/02—Air heaters with forced circulation
    • F24H3/06—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being kept separate from the heating medium, e.g. using forced circulation of air over radiators
    • F24H3/10—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being kept separate from the heating medium, e.g. using forced circulation of air over radiators by plates
    • F24H3/105—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being kept separate from the heating medium, e.g. using forced circulation of air over radiators by plates using fluid fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/02—Premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air upstream of the combustion zone
    • F23D14/04—Premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air upstream of the combustion zone induction type, e.g. Bunsen burner
    • F23D14/10—Premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air upstream of the combustion zone induction type, e.g. Bunsen burner with elongated tubular burner head
    • F23D14/105—Premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air upstream of the combustion zone induction type, e.g. Bunsen burner with elongated tubular burner head with injector axis parallel to the burner head axis

Definitions

  • Hot air generator Technical field The present invention generally relates to the field of heating of industrial and civil facilities and, in particular, it relates to a new type of hot air generator.
  • hot air generators generally comprise a combustion chamber where the combustion of a liquid or gas fuel takes place, an air-flue gas heat exchanger, a fan assembly that provides for a forced circulation of air, and a supporting frame on which the enclosure panels are applied, usually internally covered with a thermal insulating material to limit the thermal radiation from the furnace to the outside environment.
  • the combustion chamber is delimited by a housing in the interior part of which a liquid or gas fuel burner is located.
  • a manifold communicating with the combustion chamber collects the flue gas and conveys it to the heat exchanger.
  • the heat exchanger is generally formed by a series of plates or tubes the surfaces of which are touched internally by the hot stream formed by the flue gas, and externally by the air stream to be heated.
  • a final manifold collects the flue gas running through the heat exchanger and diffuses it through an outlet into the surrounding atmosphere.
  • the fan can be of the axial or centrifugal kind and provides for an air circulation through the heat exchanger. Air in contact with the heat exchanger is heated and sent back to the surrounding environment.
  • Hot air generators of this type which are manufactured in accordance with the known art, generally have some defects relating both to their design and to their thermal efficiency.
  • the plates or pipes of the heat exchanger are generally welded, thus requiring rather a long manufacturing time and high costs.
  • an accurate quality check of the welding must be performed, thus further increasing the cost of the semi finished parts.
  • the hot air generators known in the art generally show a modest efficiency because the heat exchange is penalized by the circumstance that the flue gas velocity inside the heat exchanger is not constant, but decreases instead in direct proportion with respect to the specific volume, thus decreasing the efficiency of the heat exchange.
  • the hot air generator comprises a combustion chamber, a liquid or gas fuel burner, an air-flue gas heat exchanger, a fan providing for the forced circulation of the combustion products and a fan providing for the forced circulation of the air to be heated, and is characterized in that: - the burner has an external surface having a circular cross- section and a series of holes arranged on an upper semicircular arc of the external surface and having variable diameter in order to generate flames having decreasing heights from the end of the semicircular arc to the upper midpoint, and
  • the heat exchanger is formed by arrays in series of plates mutually connected in parallel, the number and distance between the plates forming each array being proportional to the inverse of the temperature of the combustion products flowing into the heat exchanger, so as to keep the velocity of the combustion products constant.
  • Figure 1 is a side elevation view of the interior of the hot air generator according to the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a cross-section view of the hot air generator along line ll-ll of figure 1
  • Figure 3 is a cross-section view of the hot air generator along line III-III of figure 1
  • Figure 4 is a longitudinal section view of the burner of the hot air generator according to the present invention
  • Figure 5 is a cross-section view of the burner of the hot air generator along line V-V of figure 4
  • Figures 6 and 7 are a plan view of the upper part, respectively of the lower part, of a plate of the heat exchanger of the hot air generator of the present invention
  • Figure 8 is a cross-section view of the plate of figure 6 taken along line VIII-VIII of figure 6
  • Figure 9 is a longitudinal view of the plate of figure 6 taken along line IX-IX of figure 6,
  • Figure 10 is a section view of a connection element between a pair of plates of the heat exchanger of the hot air generator according to the present invention
  • Figure 11 is a partial section view of the connection element of figure 10
  • Figure 12 is s plan view of the connection element of figure 11, and
  • Figure 13 is a longitudinal section partial view of the heat exchanger of the hot air generator according to the present invention.
  • FIGS. 1 , 2 and 3 show a hot air generator according to the present invention, indicated generally with GA.
  • the hot air generator comprises an atmospheric type liquid or gas fuel burner 1 mixing a correct amount of fuel, fed by an electrical valve 2, with oxygen contained in air taken in through intake connector 3 and creating a radial type flame 9.
  • Gases produced by the combustion after an inversion of their stream inside the combustion chamber 4, are conveyed to successive arrays of elements of flue gas exchange pipes, connected in parallel and forming an horizontal exchanger 5.
  • the combustion products are sucked through a centrifugal type fan 6 and, after having transferred their heat to the air inside the heat exchanger, they are ejected outside through the outlet connector 7.
  • Air to be heated is forced through the heat exchanger by an axial or centrifugal type fan 8 and streams along the surface of the heat exchanger, warming up in contact therewith.
  • FIGS 4 and 5 show a burner of the hot air generator according to the present invention.
  • the burner 1 internally exhibits a Venturi pipe 10 having such a geometry as to permit operation with a prevailing amount of primary air P and reduced amount of secondary air S.
  • the external surface 11 of burner 1 shows a series of holes 12 having variable diameter, so as to permit the formation of a flame distributed along a semicircular arc of the burner cross- section and to display a maximum height of the flame at the extremity of the semicircular arc and a minimum height of the flame at the midpoint of the semicircular arc. In this way, an efficient heat distribution is achieved inside the combustion chamber 4.
  • Figures from 6 to 9 show a plate 13 of the heat exchanger.
  • Plate 13 has a series of cross type turbulence inducing imprints 14 for the gas that assure high efficiency and limited loss of pressure and a pair of buckling preventing spacing imprints 15 that allow to keep the upper and lower parts of the plate mutually spaced.
  • height sizing imprints 16 are provided as well as circular connection connections 17 for the mutual connection of the plates in order to form the heat exchanger.
  • connection element 18 that allows mutual connection of a pair of plates 13 of the heat exchanger horizontally placed one on top of the other.
  • This connection element 18 assures a seal to the plates 13 even in the absence of welding.
  • the connection element shows heat dissipating fins 19 as well as a tapered portion 20 having a wide contact surface.
  • the connection element is configured in such a way as to act as a manifold for the combustion products flowing from the lower to the upper plate of the heat exchanger.
  • the connection between the plates of the heat exchanger is obtained through pressure contact between the surfaces of plates 13 and that of the connection element 18.
  • the circular drawing of plates 13 is carried out on the external surface in order to provide for an efficient cooling of the material, an excellent mechanical resistance to compressive stress and a low pressure loss.
  • the contact surface with the connection element is as wide as possible and allows to offset normal manufacturing tolerances.
  • the compressive force holding together the plates of the heat exchanger is achieved through springs 21, tie bolts 22 and spacers 23.
  • the tie bolt 22, together with spacers 23, assures a correct positioning of plates 13 at a fixed mutual distance and the springs 21 surrounding tie bolts 22 provide for a constant lateral compressive force on plates 13, offsetting normal expansions originating from temperature changes.
  • the present invention it is possible to change the number and distance of the plates forming each array in order to keep the velocity constant of the combustion products when their temperature and specific volume decrease, as a result of the thermal exchange with air. This allows to maximize the performance of the thermal exchange and to gear the heat exchanger to different requirements of thermal exchange.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Instantaneous Water Boilers, Portable Hot-Water Supply Apparatuses, And Control Of Portable Hot-Water Supply Apparatuses (AREA)

Abstract

The hot air generator comprises a combustion chamber, a liquid or gas fuel burner, an air-flue gas heat exchanger, a fan providing for the forced circulation of the combustion products and a fan providing for the forced circulation of the combustion products and a fan providing for the forced circulation of the air to be heated and is characterized in that the burner has an external surface having a curricular cross-section and a series of holes arranged on an upper semicircular arc of the external surface of the burner and having variable diameter in order to generate flames having decreasing heights from the end of the semicircular arc to the upper midpoint, and the heat exchanger is formed by arrays in series of plates connected one another in parallel, the number and distance between the plates forming each array being proportional to the inverse the temperature of the combustion products flowing into the heat exchanger, so as to keep the flow velocity of the combustion products constant.

Description

Description
Hot air generator Technical field The present invention generally relates to the field of heating of industrial and civil facilities and, in particular, it relates to a new type of hot air generator.
Background Art It is known that hot air generators generally comprise a combustion chamber where the combustion of a liquid or gas fuel takes place, an air-flue gas heat exchanger, a fan assembly that provides for a forced circulation of air, and a supporting frame on which the enclosure panels are applied, usually internally covered with a thermal insulating material to limit the thermal radiation from the furnace to the outside environment.
The combustion chamber is delimited by a housing in the interior part of which a liquid or gas fuel burner is located. A manifold communicating with the combustion chamber collects the flue gas and conveys it to the heat exchanger.
The heat exchanger is generally formed by a series of plates or tubes the surfaces of which are touched internally by the hot stream formed by the flue gas, and externally by the air stream to be heated. A final manifold collects the flue gas running through the heat exchanger and diffuses it through an outlet into the surrounding atmosphere. The fan can be of the axial or centrifugal kind and provides for an air circulation through the heat exchanger. Air in contact with the heat exchanger is heated and sent back to the surrounding environment. Hot air generators of this type, which are manufactured in accordance with the known art, generally have some defects relating both to their design and to their thermal efficiency. More particularly, as far as the design of the hot air generators known in the art is concerned, it is worth noting that the plates or pipes of the heat exchanger are generally welded, thus requiring rather a long manufacturing time and high costs. In addition, before using the semi finished parts of the heat exchanger, an accurate quality check of the welding must be performed, thus further increasing the cost of the semi finished parts. As to heat exchange, it should be noted that the hot air generators known in the art generally show a modest efficiency because the heat exchange is penalized by the circumstance that the flue gas velocity inside the heat exchanger is not constant, but decreases instead in direct proportion with respect to the specific volume, thus decreasing the efficiency of the heat exchange.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a hot air generator of new type having a number of novel characteristics capable of improving both its design and its performance. According to this invention, the hot air generator comprises a combustion chamber, a liquid or gas fuel burner, an air-flue gas heat exchanger, a fan providing for the forced circulation of the combustion products and a fan providing for the forced circulation of the air to be heated, and is characterized in that: - the burner has an external surface having a circular cross- section and a series of holes arranged on an upper semicircular arc of the external surface and having variable diameter in order to generate flames having decreasing heights from the end of the semicircular arc to the upper midpoint, and
- the heat exchanger is formed by arrays in series of plates mutually connected in parallel, the number and distance between the plates forming each array being proportional to the inverse of the temperature of the combustion products flowing into the heat exchanger, so as to keep the velocity of the combustion products constant.
Brief description of drawings
The invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the attached drawings, in which:
Figure 1 is a side elevation view of the interior of the hot air generator according to the present invention,
Figure 2 is a cross-section view of the hot air generator along line ll-ll of figure 1 , Figure 3 is a cross-section view of the hot air generator along line III-III of figure 1,
Figure 4 is a longitudinal section view of the burner of the hot air generator according to the present invention, Figure 5 is a cross-section view of the burner of the hot air generator along line V-V of figure 4,
Figures 6 and 7 are a plan view of the upper part, respectively of the lower part, of a plate of the heat exchanger of the hot air generator of the present invention, Figure 8 is a cross-section view of the plate of figure 6 taken along line VIII-VIII of figure 6,
Figure 9 is a longitudinal view of the plate of figure 6 taken along line IX-IX of figure 6,
Figure 10 is a section view of a connection element between a pair of plates of the heat exchanger of the hot air generator according to the present invention,
Figure 11 is a partial section view of the connection element of figure 10,
Figure 12 is s plan view of the connection element of figure 11, and
Figure 13 is a longitudinal section partial view of the heat exchanger of the hot air generator according to the present invention.
Best mode for carrying out the Invention Referring now to figures 1 , 2 and 3, these figures show a hot air generator according to the present invention, indicated generally with GA.
The hot air generator comprises an atmospheric type liquid or gas fuel burner 1 mixing a correct amount of fuel, fed by an electrical valve 2, with oxygen contained in air taken in through intake connector 3 and creating a radial type flame 9. Gases produced by the combustion, after an inversion of their stream inside the combustion chamber 4, are conveyed to successive arrays of elements of flue gas exchange pipes, connected in parallel and forming an horizontal exchanger 5. The combustion products are sucked through a centrifugal type fan 6 and, after having transferred their heat to the air inside the heat exchanger, they are ejected outside through the outlet connector 7. Air to be heated is forced through the heat exchanger by an axial or centrifugal type fan 8 and streams along the surface of the heat exchanger, warming up in contact therewith.
Figures 4 and 5 show a burner of the hot air generator according to the present invention. The burner 1 internally exhibits a Venturi pipe 10 having such a geometry as to permit operation with a prevailing amount of primary air P and reduced amount of secondary air S. In addition, the external surface 11 of burner 1 shows a series of holes 12 having variable diameter, so as to permit the formation of a flame distributed along a semicircular arc of the burner cross- section and to display a maximum height of the flame at the extremity of the semicircular arc and a minimum height of the flame at the midpoint of the semicircular arc. In this way, an efficient heat distribution is achieved inside the combustion chamber 4.
Figures from 6 to 9 show a plate 13 of the heat exchanger. Plate 13 has a series of cross type turbulence inducing imprints 14 for the gas that assure high efficiency and limited loss of pressure and a pair of buckling preventing spacing imprints 15 that allow to keep the upper and lower parts of the plate mutually spaced. In order to facilitate the plate assembly, height sizing imprints 16 are provided as well as circular connection connections 17 for the mutual connection of the plates in order to form the heat exchanger.
Figures from 10 to 12 show the connection element 18 that allows mutual connection of a pair of plates 13 of the heat exchanger horizontally placed one on top of the other. This connection element 18 assures a seal to the plates 13 even in the absence of welding. The connection element shows heat dissipating fins 19 as well as a tapered portion 20 having a wide contact surface. The connection element is configured in such a way as to act as a manifold for the combustion products flowing from the lower to the upper plate of the heat exchanger. The connection between the plates of the heat exchanger is obtained through pressure contact between the surfaces of plates 13 and that of the connection element 18. The circular drawing of plates 13 is carried out on the external surface in order to provide for an efficient cooling of the material, an excellent mechanical resistance to compressive stress and a low pressure loss. In addition, because of the conical shape of the drawing, the contact surface with the connection element is as wide as possible and allows to offset normal manufacturing tolerances.
As it can be seen from figure 13, the compressive force holding together the plates of the heat exchanger is achieved through springs 21, tie bolts 22 and spacers 23. The tie bolt 22, together with spacers 23, assures a correct positioning of plates 13 at a fixed mutual distance and the springs 21 surrounding tie bolts 22 provide for a constant lateral compressive force on plates 13, offsetting normal expansions originating from temperature changes.
According to the present invention, it is possible to change the number and distance of the plates forming each array in order to keep the velocity constant of the combustion products when their temperature and specific volume decrease, as a result of the thermal exchange with air. This allows to maximize the performance of the thermal exchange and to gear the heat exchanger to different requirements of thermal exchange.

Claims

Claims
1. Hot air generator comprising a combustion chamber, a liquid or gas fuel burner, an air-flue gas heat exchanger, a fan providing for the forced circulation of the combustion products
5 and a fan providing for the forced circulation of the air to be heated, characterized in that:
- the burner has an external surface having a circular cross-section and a series of holes arranged on an upper semicircular arc of the external surface of the burner and 0 having variable diameter in order to generate flames having decreasing heights from the end of the semicircular arc to the upper midpoint, and
- the heat exchanger is formed by arrays in series of plates mutually connected in parallel, the number and distance 5 between the plates forming each array being proportional to the inverse of the temperature of the combustion products flowing into the heat exchanger so as to keep the flow velocity of the combustion products constant.
2. Hot air generator according to claim 1, characterized in that o the plates of each array of the heat exchanger are mutually connected by connection elements located at the outlet and inlet openings of the combustion products in the plate and are kept into contact with the connection elements by means of the compression applied by tie bolts provided with compression springs and kept at a fixed mutual distance by spacers.
3. Hot air generator according to claim 1 , characterized in that the plates of the heat exchanger have cross type turbulence inducing imprints in order to increase the efficiency of the thermal exchange between combustion products and air to be heated.
4. Hot air generator according to claim 3, characterized in that the cross type turbulence inducing imprints have an elongated shape.
5. Hot air generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the fan is a suction fan.
6. Hot air generator according to claim 1 , characterized in that the fan is a pusher fan.
EP03758692A 2002-10-02 2003-09-30 Hot air generator Expired - Fee Related EP1563231B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ITMI20022081 ITMI20022081A1 (en) 2002-10-02 2002-10-02 HOT AIR GENERATOR.
ITMI20022081 2002-10-02
PCT/IT2003/000589 WO2004031663A1 (en) 2002-10-02 2003-09-30 Hot air generator

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1563231A1 true EP1563231A1 (en) 2005-08-17
EP1563231B1 EP1563231B1 (en) 2007-12-05

Family

ID=32051222

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP03758692A Expired - Fee Related EP1563231B1 (en) 2002-10-02 2003-09-30 Hot air generator

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1563231B1 (en)
AU (1) AU2003274730A1 (en)
DE (1) DE60317927T2 (en)
IT (1) ITMI20022081A1 (en)
WO (1) WO2004031663A1 (en)

Family Cites Families (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB670337A (en) * 1949-01-04 1952-04-16 Main Water Heaters Ltd Improvements in or relating to multi-jet gas burners and their manufacture
SE301817B (en) * 1964-12-29 1968-06-24 Alfa Laval Ab
US3780954A (en) * 1970-05-15 1973-12-25 Robertshaw Controls Co Burner construction
US4106474A (en) * 1977-03-17 1978-08-15 Modine Manufacturing Company Heat conserving space heater
DE3787810T2 (en) * 1987-08-03 1994-04-14 Worgas Bruciatori Srl COMBUSTION PROCESS AND GAS BURNER WITH LOW NOx, CO EMISSION.
WO1990007091A1 (en) * 1988-12-12 1990-06-28 Vulcan Australia Limited Heat exchanger
IT219055Z2 (en) * 1989-12-06 1992-11-27 Tecnoclima HEAT EXCHANGE GROUP FOR AEROTHERMI AND SIMILAR APPLIANCES FOR HOT AIR TREATMENT
US5359989A (en) * 1993-03-04 1994-11-01 Evcon Industries, Inc. Furnace with heat exchanger
DE19648808A1 (en) * 1996-11-26 1998-06-04 Schott Glaswerke Gas burner
DE19939017A1 (en) * 1999-08-18 2001-02-22 Walter Kroll Gmbh Waerme Und U Heat exchanger

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO2004031663A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1563231B1 (en) 2007-12-05
DE60317927T2 (en) 2008-04-10
ITMI20022081A1 (en) 2004-04-03
WO2004031663A1 (en) 2004-04-15
AU2003274730A1 (en) 2004-04-23
DE60317927D1 (en) 2008-01-17

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