EP1558903A1 - Measuring torsional distortion with an easily applied clip device (saw) - Google Patents

Measuring torsional distortion with an easily applied clip device (saw)

Info

Publication number
EP1558903A1
EP1558903A1 EP03750928A EP03750928A EP1558903A1 EP 1558903 A1 EP1558903 A1 EP 1558903A1 EP 03750928 A EP03750928 A EP 03750928A EP 03750928 A EP03750928 A EP 03750928A EP 1558903 A1 EP1558903 A1 EP 1558903A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
bridge
measuring device
measuring
clip portions
grooves
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP03750928A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Raymond David Lohr
David Daniel George Vile
Mark Lee
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Transense Technologies PLC
Original Assignee
Transense Technologies PLC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Transense Technologies PLC filed Critical Transense Technologies PLC
Publication of EP1558903A1 publication Critical patent/EP1558903A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L3/00—Measuring torque, work, mechanical power, or mechanical efficiency, in general
    • G01L3/02—Rotary-transmission dynamometers
    • G01L3/04—Rotary-transmission dynamometers wherein the torque-transmitting element comprises a torsionally-flexible shaft
    • G01L3/10—Rotary-transmission dynamometers wherein the torque-transmitting element comprises a torsionally-flexible shaft involving electric or magnetic means for indicating

Definitions

  • This invention relates to measuring torsional distortion, and in the preferred embodiment provides a method and device for measuring the distortion in a body which is subject to applied torque.
  • the torsional distortion measured may be used, in known manner, to determine the magnitude of the torque to which the body is subject.
  • the conventional technique for mounting torque measuring devices has consisted of preparing the surface of the body whose torsional distortion is to be measured and securing the torque measuring device to the prepared surface.
  • the preparation may consist of a cleaning process subsequent to which the torque measuring device is secured to the cleaned surface by a bonding technique - for example adhesive bonding or soldering.
  • a bonding technique for example adhesive bonding or soldering.
  • many torque measuring devices require a flat surface upon which to be mounted and accordingly the preparation may include the step of providing a flat surface, for example by machining, on the body whose torsional distortion is to be measured, prior to securing the torque measuring device to the prepared flat.
  • the mounting of the torque measuring device requires both skilled labour and well defined manufacturing conditions and is accordingly difficult to carry out under field conditions.
  • it is generally necessary to apply torque measuring devices in a factory environment before the body whose torsional distortion is to be measured is mounted in its final use position.
  • the torque measuring device is susceptible to accidental damage during the period between mounting of the torque measuring device and the final positioning of the body whose torsional distortion is to be measured.
  • existing techniques require the permanent mounting of the torque measuring device on the body whose torsional distortion is to be measured. As a result, if the torque measuring device fails, substantial additional work will be involved in terms of removing the faulty unit before a replacement unit can be installed.
  • a device for measuring torsional distortion of a body comprises: first and second clip portions each having a central part and two legs depending from the central part, each leg having adjacent the free end thereof a groove or a projection for engaging a respective projection or groove provided on or in the body to mount to the clip portion on the body rotationally fast therewith; a bridge interconnecting the clip portions, the bridge being less stiff than the clip portions whereby relative rotational displacement of the clip portions caused by torsional distortion of the body will cause proportional deflection of the bridge; and measuring means for measuring the deflection of the bridge.
  • the clips are preferably resiliently deformable so that they can be snapped into and out of engagement with the body.
  • a particularly simple embodiment of the invention may be fabricated from metal as an integral structure.
  • the structure may be formed by any suitable technique, for example by forming a stamped or machined blank and bending it into the required shape, or by investment casting, or by machining from solid.
  • Such mounting arrangement gives a particularly stable, back-lash free and well defined mounting giving a high level of mechanical stability to the arrangement and accurate interpretation of the deflection of the bridge.
  • the included angle of the ridges is substantially 60° and the included angle of grooves is substantially 90°.
  • FIGURE 2 is an end view of the embodiment of Figure 1;
  • FIGURE 5 is a view corresponding to Figure 1 but showing an embodiment of the invention for use in a hollow body;
  • FIGURE 6 is an end view of the device of Figure 5;
  • the illustrated measuring device 1 comprises two clip portions 2,3 interconnected by a bridge portion 4.
  • the illustrated device is an integral metal structure and may be formed by any suitable method, for example by bending a stamped or machined blank, by investment casting, or by machining from solid.
  • the structure is designed such that the bridge 4 is relatively less stiff than the clip portions 2,3 with the result that any distortion of the device caused by mutual relative rotation of the clip portions 2,3 will cause, predominantly, deflection in the bridge 4.
  • the entire structure is resilient so that it will adopt the illustrated configuration in the absence of imposed forces.
  • Each clip portion 2,3 comprises a central part 5 and two legs 6,7.
  • Each leg has, at the free end thereof, a projection 8.
  • the projections are in the form of ridges which are generally V-shaped in transverse cross-section and are made up of substantially flat sides 9,10 interconnected by a curved ridge 11.
  • the ridge 11 is preferably in the form of a portion of the surface of the cylinder and the flat surfaces 9,10 are tangential to the notional surface of the cylinder of which the ridge 11 forms part.
  • Cut-outs 12,13 are preferably provided at the junctures between the legs 6,7 and the central part 5 with the result that the legs 6,7 may be resiliently deflected away from each other to allow the projection 8 to be snap fitted into respective grooves provided on the exterior surface of a body, for example a shaft.
  • Figure 4 illustrates the measuring device of Figures 1-3 so mounted.
  • the grooves 14 in which the projections 8 sit (only two are illustrated in Figure 4 but there are a corresponding two on the other side of the shaft 16) are also generally V-shaped in transverse cross-section with generally flat sides. In the case of the grooves, however, the flat sides either meet at a line or at a curved surface having a smaller radius than the radius of the curved portion 11 of the ridges. As a result, the ridges are precisely located in the grooves and make contact with the grooves along two lines corresponding generally to the lines at which the flat sides 9,10 meet the curved ridge 11.
  • the required grooves in the shaft can conveniently be formed by indentation using a suitable tool. Forming the grooves in this manner is relatively simple and the pressing action will result in some protective residual compressive stresses in the zone of the grooves to deter fatigue crack initiation.
  • the measuring device 20 is intended for use in the interior of a hollow body, for example a tubular shaft.
  • the measuring device includes two clip portions 21,22 each of which comprises a central part 23 and two legs 24.
  • the clip portions 21,22 are interconnected by a bridge 25 which is relatively less stiff than the clip portions.
  • each leg 24 is provided with a projection in the form of a ridge 26 located on the exterior surface thereof for engagement with a corresponding grooves provided in the wall of a hollow body.
  • the profile of the ridges 26 and their associated grooves is as described above with reference to Figures 1-4.
  • Figure 8 illustrates the measuring device 20 of Figures 5-7 mounted internally in a hollow tubular shaft 27.
  • the device 20 is provided with measuring means 28 for measuring the deflection of the bridge 25.
  • the measuring means are preferably as described above with reference to Figures 1-3.
  • the invention especially when embodied with a SAW device for measuring deflection of the bridge, forms a self-contained unit which can readily be clipped into engagement with a body, for example a shaft.
  • a body for example a shaft.
  • Fitting of the measuring device to the body is a simple matter of clipping the device into position. This can readily be carried out under field conditions by semi-skilled labour. Further, a faulty measuring device can readily be removed and replaced by service staff simple by unclipping one measuring device and replacing it with another.
  • the particular arrangement of ridge and groove described for locating the device ensures stable and precise location of the device leading to a mechanically stable arrangement and accurate interpretation of the output of the bridge deflection measuring device.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • A Measuring Device Byusing Mechanical Method (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Length, Angles, Or The Like Using Electric Or Magnetic Means (AREA)
  • Length-Measuring Instruments Using Mechanical Means (AREA)
  • Clamps And Clips (AREA)
  • Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)

Abstract

A device for measuring torsional distortion of a body comprises first and second clip portions each having a central part and two legs depending from the central part, each leg having adjacent the free end thereof a groove or projection for engaging a respective projection or groove (14) provided in the body (16) to mount the clip portion on the body rotationally fastened therewith. A bridge interconnects the clip portion. The bridge is less stiff than the clip portions whereby relative rotational displacement of the clip portions caused by torsional distortion of the body will cause proportional deflection of the bridge. Means, for example a SAW device (15), are provided for measuring the deflection of the bridge to provide an indication of the torsional distortion which produces the deflection of the bridge. Also (20) for the interior all of a hollow body.

Description

MEASURING TORSIONAL DISTORSION WITH AN EASILY APPLIED CLIP DEVICE (SAW)
This invention relates to measuring torsional distortion, and in the preferred embodiment provides a method and device for measuring the distortion in a body which is subject to applied torque. The torsional distortion measured may be used, in known manner, to determine the magnitude of the torque to which the body is subject.
It has been known for many years to measure the torque to which a body (for example a shaft) is subject by applying one or more strain gauges to the surface of the body and interrogating the output of the strain gauges to provide an indication of torque. In recent years, torque measurement techniques have been substantially improved by the introduction of Surface Acoustic Wave ("SAW") based torque measurement devices (see for example EP-A-0518900). Such devices have a number of well recognise advantages including high sensitivity and the ability to provide torque measurements without the need for hard wired connections to the SAW device.
Up until now, the conventional technique for mounting torque measuring devices has consisted of preparing the surface of the body whose torsional distortion is to be measured and securing the torque measuring device to the prepared surface. The preparation may consist of a cleaning process subsequent to which the torque measuring device is secured to the cleaned surface by a bonding technique - for example adhesive bonding or soldering. However, many torque measuring devices require a flat surface upon which to be mounted and accordingly the preparation may include the step of providing a flat surface, for example by machining, on the body whose torsional distortion is to be measured, prior to securing the torque measuring device to the prepared flat. These techniques are well recognised as being disadvantageous because of the time and cost involved and because they limit the possibility of retro-fitting a torque measuring device to an existing shaft. Further, the mounting of the torque measuring device requires both skilled labour and well defined manufacturing conditions and is accordingly difficult to carry out under field conditions. As a result, it is generally necessary to apply torque measuring devices in a factory environment before the body whose torsional distortion is to be measured is mounted in its final use position. As a result, the torque measuring device is susceptible to accidental damage during the period between mounting of the torque measuring device and the final positioning of the body whose torsional distortion is to be measured. Finally, existing techniques require the permanent mounting of the torque measuring device on the body whose torsional distortion is to be measured. As a result, if the torque measuring device fails, substantial additional work will be involved in terms of removing the faulty unit before a replacement unit can be installed.
Accordingly, there exists a need for a method and apparatus for measuring torsional distortion of a body which may easily be applied to the body without extensive preparation of the body. The need also arises for such a device which can be applied under field as well as factory conditions and which can be applied by skilled, semi-skilled and unskilled labour. A need also arises for such a device which can readily be removed and replaced in the event that it becomes faulty.
In accordance with the first aspect of the present invention a device for measuring torsional distortion of a body comprises: first and second clip portions each having a central part and two legs depending from the central part, each leg having adjacent the free end thereof a groove or a projection for engaging a respective projection or groove provided on or in the body to mount to the clip portion on the body rotationally fast therewith; a bridge interconnecting the clip portions, the bridge being less stiff than the clip portions whereby relative rotational displacement of the clip portions caused by torsional distortion of the body will cause proportional deflection of the bridge; and measuring means for measuring the deflection of the bridge.
The preferred embodiment of the invention makes use of clip portions which, using a ridge-and-groove mounting technique, can be mounted rotationally fast with a body whose torsional distortion is to be measured. The clip portions are interconnected by a bridge portion. The bridge portion is less stiff than the clip portions with the result that when the body undergoes torsional distortion, and as a result the clip portions rotate relative to each other about the axis of the applied torsional force, a corresponding proportional deflection of the bridge will occur. The exact mode of deflection of the bridge is complex, but is essentially torsion, which is measured by sensing the tensile and compressive direct strain components of the maximum shear strain, which acts at the centre of the bridge at ±45° to the longitudinal axis.
In the preferred embodiment of the invention the means for measuring deflection of the bridge is mounted on the bridge itself and may, for example, comprise a SAW device. If a SAW device is used suitable excitation and analysis equipment may be located near, but not connected to the SAW device. Such an arrangement is particularly desirable since the measuring device does not need to be hard wired and can accordingly simply be clipped into position for use. If the device becomes faulty or a different range of torsional measurement is required the device can simply be removed by unclipping and replaced with an alternative device.
To facilitate ready application and removal the clips are preferably resiliently deformable so that they can be snapped into and out of engagement with the body.
A particularly simple embodiment of the invention may be fabricated from metal as an integral structure. The structure may be formed by any suitable technique, for example by forming a stamped or machined blank and bending it into the required shape, or by investment casting, or by machining from solid.
In a particular preferred arrangement the ridges are each general V-shaped in transverse cross-section and are formed by substantially flat sides connected by a curved ridge. The curved ridge is, conveniently, a portion of the surface of a cylinder which blends into the flat sides. The grooves are also preferably V-shaped in transverse cross- section and have flat sides which either meet at a line or are connected by a curved surface of a smaller radius than that of the ridges. The included angle of the ridges is preferably less than that of the grooves. With such an arrangement, the ridges will engage the grooves along lines of contract located where the curved ridge blends into the flat sides of the ridges. Such mounting arrangement gives a particularly stable, back-lash free and well defined mounting giving a high level of mechanical stability to the arrangement and accurate interpretation of the deflection of the bridge. In the preferred embodiment of the invention the included angle of the ridges is substantially 60° and the included angle of grooves is substantially 90°.
The invention ma ^ be embodied either for use on the exterior surface of a body, in which case the projections are preferably formed on the inwardly facing side of the legs for engagement with the grooves formed in the exterior surface of the body, or for use in a hollow body, in which case the ridges are preferably formed on the outwardly placing sides of the legs for engagement within grooves provided in the walls of a passage provided in the body.
The invention will be better understood from the following description of preferred embodiments thereof, given by way of example only, reference being had to the accompanying drawings wherein:
FIGURE 1 is a schematic perspective view of a first embodiment of the invention;
FIGURE 2 is an end view of the embodiment of Figure 1;
FIGURE 3 is a detail of the area marked "A" on Figure 2;
FIGURE 4 shows the embodiment of Figures 1-3 mounted on a shaft;
FIGURE 5 is a view corresponding to Figure 1 but showing an embodiment of the invention for use in a hollow body;
FIGURE 6 is an end view of the device of Figure 5;
FIGURE 7 is a detailed view of the area marked "B" in Figure 6; and
FIGURE 8 is a schematic view showing the device of Figure 5 mounted in a hollow shaft.
Referring firstly to Figures 1-3 the illustrated measuring device 1 comprises two clip portions 2,3 interconnected by a bridge portion 4. The illustrated device is an integral metal structure and may be formed by any suitable method, for example by bending a stamped or machined blank, by investment casting, or by machining from solid. The structure is designed such that the bridge 4 is relatively less stiff than the clip portions 2,3 with the result that any distortion of the device caused by mutual relative rotation of the clip portions 2,3 will cause, predominantly, deflection in the bridge 4. Preferably, the entire structure is resilient so that it will adopt the illustrated configuration in the absence of imposed forces.
Each clip portion 2,3 comprises a central part 5 and two legs 6,7. Each leg has, at the free end thereof, a projection 8. The projections are in the form of ridges which are generally V-shaped in transverse cross-section and are made up of substantially flat sides 9,10 interconnected by a curved ridge 11. The ridge 11 is preferably in the form of a portion of the surface of the cylinder and the flat surfaces 9,10 are tangential to the notional surface of the cylinder of which the ridge 11 forms part.
Cut-outs 12,13 are preferably provided at the junctures between the legs 6,7 and the central part 5 with the result that the legs 6,7 may be resiliently deflected away from each other to allow the projection 8 to be snap fitted into respective grooves provided on the exterior surface of a body, for example a shaft. Figure 4 illustrates the measuring device of Figures 1-3 so mounted. The grooves 14 in which the projections 8 sit (only two are illustrated in Figure 4 but there are a corresponding two on the other side of the shaft 16) are also generally V-shaped in transverse cross-section with generally flat sides. In the case of the grooves, however, the flat sides either meet at a line or at a curved surface having a smaller radius than the radius of the curved portion 11 of the ridges. As a result, the ridges are precisely located in the grooves and make contact with the grooves along two lines corresponding generally to the lines at which the flat sides 9,10 meet the curved ridge 11.
The required grooves in the shaft can conveniently be formed by indentation using a suitable tool. Forming the grooves in this manner is relatively simple and the pressing action will result in some protective residual compressive stresses in the zone of the grooves to deter fatigue crack initiation.
Whilst Figure 4 illustrates only a single device mounted on a shaft 16 it should be appreciated that a plurality of similar devices may be mounted on the shaft utilising a common set of grooves or adjacent grooves. For example, two devices may be mounted on diametrically opposite sides of the shaft to ensure dynamic balance. In this case, the grooves 14 will be located somewhat offset from a diametric plane through the shaft with a small portion of shaft surface located between each pair of grooves. Measuring means are provided for measuring the deflection of the bridge caused by relative rotation of the clip portions produced by torsional distortion of the body. The measuring means may be of any suitable type, but in the preferred embodiment comprise one or more SAW devices 15 secured to the bridge to measure deflection thereof. SAW devices have a number of well recognised advantages in the measuring of deflection. One particular advantage of SAW devices is that they are entirely passive (that is they do not require a battery to be connected to them in order to operate) and they can be interrogated by radio signals. Accordingly, provided that suitable excitation and interpretation circuitry is provided somewhere adjacent the device, the device as illustrated in Figure 1 may be used without any hard wiring to it. This is particularly desirable when a device is used on a shaft which is subject to continuous rotation.
Referring now to Figures 5-7 an alternative embodiment of the invention is shown. In this case, the measuring device 20 is intended for use in the interior of a hollow body, for example a tubular shaft. The measuring device includes two clip portions 21,22 each of which comprises a central part 23 and two legs 24. The clip portions 21,22 are interconnected by a bridge 25 which is relatively less stiff than the clip portions. In this case, each leg 24 is provided with a projection in the form of a ridge 26 located on the exterior surface thereof for engagement with a corresponding grooves provided in the wall of a hollow body. The profile of the ridges 26 and their associated grooves is as described above with reference to Figures 1-4.
Figure 8 illustrates the measuring device 20 of Figures 5-7 mounted internally in a hollow tubular shaft 27.
The device 20 is provided with measuring means 28 for measuring the deflection of the bridge 25. The measuring means are preferably as described above with reference to Figures 1-3.
The invention, especially when embodied with a SAW device for measuring deflection of the bridge, forms a self-contained unit which can readily be clipped into engagement with a body, for example a shaft. Although the body in question requires preparation by the formation of grooves, this is a relatively simple and inexpensive operation and grooves can readily be provided as part of the standard manufacturing techniques associated with the body in question. Fitting of the measuring device to the body is a simple matter of clipping the device into position. This can readily be carried out under field conditions by semi-skilled labour. Further, a faulty measuring device can readily be removed and replaced by service staff simple by unclipping one measuring device and replacing it with another. The particular arrangement of ridge and groove described for locating the device ensures stable and precise location of the device leading to a mechanically stable arrangement and accurate interpretation of the output of the bridge deflection measuring device.

Claims

CLAIMS:
1. A device for measuring torsional distortion of a body comprising: first and second clip portions each having a central part and two legs depending from the central part, each leg having adjacent the free end thereof a groove or a projection for engaging a respective projection or groove provided on or in the body to mount the clip portion on the body rotationally fast therewith; a bridge interconnecting the clip portions, the bridge being less stiff than the clip portions whereby relative rotational displacement of the clip portions caused by torsional distortion of the body will cause proportional deflection of the bridge; and measuring means for measuring the deflection of the bridge.
2. A measuring device according to claim 1 wherein the measuring means includes means for sensing the tensile and compressive direct strain components of the maximum shear strain, which acts at the centre of the bridge at ±45° to the longitudinal axis.
3. A measuring device according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the means for measuring deflection of the bridge is mounted on the bridge.
4. A measuring device according to claim 2 or claim 3, wherein the means for measuring deflection is a SAW device.
5. A measuring device according to any preceding claim, wherein the clip portions and the bridge are an integral, preferably metal, structure.
6. A measuring device according to any preceding claim, wherein the projections are ridges which are generally V-shaped in transverse cross-section and have substantially flat sides connected to each other by a curved ridge.
7. A measuring device according to claim 6, wherein the grooves are generally V- shaped in transverse cross-section and have generally flat sides.
8. A measuring device according to claim 7, wherein the included angle of the projections is less than the included angle of the grooves, and the grooves and ridges are so shaped that each ridge engages each groove along two lines of contacts spaced from the base of the groove.
9. A measuring device according to any of claims 6 to 8, wherein the included angle of the ridge is substantially 60° and the included angle of the groove is substantially 90°.
10. A measuring device according to any preceding claim in which the clip portions are resiliently deformable to allow the clip portions to be snapped into engagement with the grooves.
11. A measuring device according to any preceding claim, wherein the projections are on the legs and faced inwardly so that the clip portions may be mounted on grooves provided on the external surface of a shaft.
12. A measuring device according to any of claims 1-10, wherein the projections are on the legs and face outwardly so that the clip portions may engage grooves provided in the interior wall of a hollow body.
EP03750928A 2002-09-18 2003-09-16 Measuring torsional distortion with an easily applied clip device (saw) Withdrawn EP1558903A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB0221695 2002-09-18
GBGB0221695.0A GB0221695D0 (en) 2002-09-18 2002-09-18 Measuring torsional distortion
PCT/GB2003/003999 WO2004027365A1 (en) 2002-09-18 2003-09-16 Measuring torsional distortion with an easily applied clip device (saw)

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1558903A1 true EP1558903A1 (en) 2005-08-03

Family

ID=9944338

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP03750928A Withdrawn EP1558903A1 (en) 2002-09-18 2003-09-16 Measuring torsional distortion with an easily applied clip device (saw)

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US7222541B2 (en)
EP (1) EP1558903A1 (en)
JP (1) JP2005539230A (en)
CN (1) CN100347531C (en)
AU (1) AU2003269148A1 (en)
GB (2) GB0221695D0 (en)
WO (1) WO2004027365A1 (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB2393521A8 (en) 2004-12-13
WO2004027365A8 (en) 2005-06-23
US20050268729A1 (en) 2005-12-08
AU2003269148A1 (en) 2004-04-08
US7222541B2 (en) 2007-05-29
GB2393521A (en) 2004-03-31
GB0221695D0 (en) 2002-10-30
CN1682100A (en) 2005-10-12
GB0321685D0 (en) 2003-10-15
JP2005539230A (en) 2005-12-22
GB2393521B (en) 2005-09-14
CN100347531C (en) 2007-11-07
WO2004027365A1 (en) 2004-04-01

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