EP1554796A1 - Method for running-up a shaft assembly and device for carrying out the method - Google Patents

Method for running-up a shaft assembly and device for carrying out the method

Info

Publication number
EP1554796A1
EP1554796A1 EP03776929A EP03776929A EP1554796A1 EP 1554796 A1 EP1554796 A1 EP 1554796A1 EP 03776929 A EP03776929 A EP 03776929A EP 03776929 A EP03776929 A EP 03776929A EP 1554796 A1 EP1554796 A1 EP 1554796A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
excitation
winding
generator
rotor
machine
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP03776929A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Oliver Drubel
Reinhard Joho
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
General Electric Technology GmbH
Original Assignee
Alstom Technology AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Alstom Technology AG filed Critical Alstom Technology AG
Publication of EP1554796A1 publication Critical patent/EP1554796A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C7/00—Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
    • F02C7/26—Starting; Ignition
    • F02C7/268—Starting drives for the rotor, acting directly on the rotor of the gas turbine to be started
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C7/00—Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
    • F02C7/26—Starting; Ignition
    • F02C7/268—Starting drives for the rotor, acting directly on the rotor of the gas turbine to be started
    • F02C7/275—Mechanical drives
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P9/00—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output
    • H02P9/08—Control of generator circuit during starting or stopping of driving means, e.g. for initiating excitation

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of electrical energy generation. It relates to a method for starting up a shaft train according to the preamble of claim 1 and a device for carrying out the method according to the preamble of claim 10.
  • Gas turbines are increasingly being used to generate electrical energy.
  • the oil or gas burned in the gas turbine is converted into mechanical kinetic energy and then converted into electrical energy via a generator.
  • the gas turbine and the generator are coupled to one another and form a shaft train.
  • the gas turbine can only be ignited above a certain speed. Up to this speed, the shaft train must be accelerated by another component. This component then has to support the gas turbine over a wide speed range.
  • the generator itself is used for this starting process.
  • the generator does not work as a generator, but as a motor.
  • a direct connection of the generator to the network is out of the question, however, because of the required high control quality of the start-up process and because of the network and generator load.
  • a static frequency converter Static Frequency Converter SFC
  • the torque required at medium to high speeds determines the size of the SFC.
  • a second device is required to regulate the excitation of the generator.
  • the excitation winding of the generator is fed either via slip rings or via a brushless exciter.
  • a second device for frequency conversion may be necessary (see US-A-5,097,195 mentioned at the beginning).
  • the gas turbine is started up by an independent drive engaging in the shaft.
  • This can be implemented in different ways. For example, asynchronous motors with appropriate frequency converters are used.
  • a disadvantage of the known solutions for the starting process is the comparatively high outlay.
  • the frequency converter When starting up via the generator, the frequency converter must be adapted to the voltage level of the stator main circuit and switching means must be provided for disconnection in generator mode. With an independent drive, the mechanics of the shaft train become more complex.
  • the excitation machine comprises an excitation rotor with a rotor winding and an excitation stator with a stator winding.
  • the rotor winding When starting up, the rotor winding is supplied with an alternating current of variable frequency and the stator winding with an alternating current of constant frequency, in particular mains frequency.
  • a frequency converter connected to the mains is used to feed the rotor winding of the excitation machine.
  • the stator winding can also be fed with an alternating current of variable frequency and the rotor winding with an alternating current of constant frequency.
  • the excitation winding of the generator is preferably supplied by the rotor winding of the excitation machine via electronic elements, in particular in the form of a rotating rectifier, the rotor winding of the excitation machine being permanently connected to the excitation winding of the generator via the electronic elements, and the electronic elements by The signal can be switched on or off depending on whether the shaft train is started up or whether the generator is excited.
  • a preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention is characterized in that the rotor winding of the excitation machine is connected to an excitation winding of the generator via controllable electronic elements, the controllable electronic elements can be switched on and off via a control signal line, and the electronic elements form a rotating rectifier.
  • FIG. 1 shows a simplified circuit diagram of a first preferred exemplary embodiment of the invention, in which the rotor winding is fed with an alternating current of variable frequency and the stator winding with an alternating current of constant frequency when starting up;
  • FIG. 2 shows a second preferred exemplary embodiment of the invention in a circuit diagram comparable to FIG. 1, in which the stator winding with an alternating current of variable frequency and the rotor winding with an alternating current are more constant during startup
  • Fig. 3 shows the exemplary curves of the rotor voltage UR (curves A and
  • FIG. 1 shows a preferred exemplary embodiment of the invention in the form of a simplified circuit diagram.
  • a gas turbine 10, a generator 22, of which only the generator rotor 11 is shown, and an excitation machine 14 are connected by a common shaft 21 and form a shaft train.
  • the excitation machine 14 has an excitation stator 16 with a stator winding 25 and an excitation rotor 15 with a rotor winding 23.
  • the stator winding 25 can be connected to the network 24 or to the output of a frequency converter 20 connected to the network 24 via two switches S1 and S3.
  • the rotor winding 23 is connected to an excitation winding 12 in the generator rotor 11 via electronic elements in the form of a rotating rectifier 13.
  • the rotating rectifier 13 contains electronic elements (e.g.
  • thyristors which can be switched on and off via a control signal line 18. If the electronic elements are switched on, the rotor winding 23 is connected to the excitation winding 12. However, if the electronic elements are switched off, this connection is interrupted. The rotor winding 23 is connected to the output of the frequency converter 20 via a further switch S2. A step transformer 19 can be inserted into the feed circuit.
  • switches S2 and S3 are open, while switch S1 is closed.
  • the stator winding 25 of the excitation machine 14 is fed by the frequency converter 20.
  • the voltage induced in the rotor winding 23 is rectified in the rotating rectifier 13 and feeds the excitation winding 12 of the generator 22.
  • the electrical power generated is available on the stator winding (not shown) of the generator 22.
  • the frequency converter 20 can be used to regulate the excitation voltage.
  • switches S2 and S3 are closed and switch S1 opened to start up the shaft train.
  • the stator winding 25 of the excitation machine 14 is thus fed from the network 24, the rotor winding 23 via Slip rings 26 from the frequency converter 20.
  • Corresponding control signals are taken off via current transformers 17 in the feed lines between the step transformer 19 and the rotor winding 23 and passed on to the rotating rectifier 13 via a control signal line 18, the electronic elements of which switch off and thus the connection between the rotor winding 23 and the excitation winding 12 interrupt.
  • the excitation machine 14 thus works as a drive motor for the shaft train.
  • the starting behavior can be controlled via the frequency converter 20. Once the speed required for the operation of the gas turbine 10 has been reached, it is possible to switch over to the continuous operation described above.
  • the step transformer 19 can be switched on for the gentle loading of the frequency converter, the step switching preferably being carried out electronically.
  • the stator winding 25 of the excitation machine 14 is initially supplied with an alternating current of variable frequency, in particular from the frequency converter 20 connected to the network 24, at low speeds, and if the stator winding 25 is supplied with this power Excitation machine 14 with an alternating current of variable frequency the excitation resistance is used as a load.
  • FIG. 2 The feed reversed from FIG. 1 is shown in FIG. 2.
  • the rotor winding 23 is connected to the network via the slip rings 26, the switch S2 and possibly the step transformer 19 and is fed with an alternating current of constant frequency, in particular network frequency.
  • the stator winding 25 is fed from the frequency converter 20 with an alternating current of variable frequency.
  • the exciter can be used as a starting device.
  • the usual SFC system, which feeds the generator directly, is no longer required.
  • Such a high-rise exciter enables the start-up of generator turbines in which the generator has a high-voltage winding (for example in the case of the so-called "powerformer”; see in this regard M. Leijon - Powerformer - a radically new rotating machine, ABB Review 2 (1998) pp. 21 -26), without the variable-frequency feed being stepped up to the voltage level of the generator via an intermediate transformer and without the need for a complex additional winding.
  • variable-speed generator is supported by a start-up exciter, since this means that the generator and the converter must be designed solely for generator operation, but not for engine operation.
  • stator winding of the generator is no longer exposed to the high-frequency voltage peaks of the starting device during startup. This reduces the risk of damage to the generator insulation.
  • Wave voltages due to the voltage peaks are also reduced.
  • the solution is also suitable for braking the shaft train.
  • the brushes are suitable for an excitation boost, i.e. the short-term excess of the excitation current, during operation.
  • the brushes can be lifted off during operation.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for running-up a shaft assembly (10, 14, 21, 22).This shaft assembly comprises a turbine, particularly a gas turbine (10), a generator (22) and an exciter (14), which are connected to one another by a common shaft (21). During the starting process, the turbine is ran-up by means of a running-up device. A simplification of the system is made possible by virtue of the fact that the exciter (14) is used as a running-up device.

Description

BESCHREIBUNG DESCRIPTION
VERFAHREN ZUM HOCHFAHREN EINES WELLENSTRANGES SOWIE VORRICHTUNG ZUR DURCHFÜHRUNG DES VERFAHRENSMETHOD FOR STARTING UP A SHAFT STRAND AND DEVICE FOR IMPLEMENTING THE METHOD
TECHNISCHES GEBIETTECHNICAL AREA
Die vorliegende Erfindung bezieht sich auf das Gebiet der Erzeugung elektrischer Energie. Sie betrifft ein Verfahren zum Hochfahren eines Wellenstranges gemäss dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 sowie eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens gemäss dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 10.The present invention relates to the field of electrical energy generation. It relates to a method for starting up a shaft train according to the preamble of claim 1 and a device for carrying out the method according to the preamble of claim 10.
STAND DER TECHNIKSTATE OF THE ART
Ein solches Verfahren und eine solche Vorrichtung sind z.B. aus der Druckschrift US-A-5,097, 195 bekannt.Such a method and such an apparatus are e.g. known from US-A-5,097, 195.
Mehr und mehr werden Gasturbinen zur Erzeugung elektrischer Energie eingesetzt. Dabei wird das in der Gasturbine verbrannte Öl oder Gas in mechanische Bewegungsenergie und anschliessend über einen Generator in elektrische Energie umgewandelt. Die Gasturbine und der Generator sind dabei miteinander verkoppelt und bilden einen Wellenstrang. Die Gasturbine kann erst ab einer bestimmten Drehzahl gezündet werden. Bis zu dieser Drehzahl muss der Wellenstrang durch eine andere Komponente beschleunigt werden. Anschliessend muss diese Komponente noch über einen weiten Drehzahlbereich die Gasturbine stützen. Heutzutage wird für diesen Anfahrvorgang der Generator selbst eingesetzt. Hierbei arbeitet der Generator nicht als Generator, sondern als Motor. Eine direkte Zuschaltung des Generators zum Netz kommt allerdings aufgrund der benötigten hohen Regelungsgüte des Anfahrvorganges sowie aufgrund der Netz- und Ge- neratorbelastung nicht in Frage. Deshalb ist es heute üblich, den Generator während dieses Vorgangs über einen statischen Frequenzumrichter (Static Frequency Converter SFC) zu speisen. Hierbei bestimmen insbesondere das geforderte Drehmoment bei mittleren bis hohen Drehzahlen die Grosse des SFC. Zusätzlich zu dieser Anfahr- bzw. Hochfahrvorrichtung wird eine zweite Einrichtung benötigt, um die Erregung des Generators zu regeln. Die Erregerwicklung des Generators wird entweder über Schleifringe oder über einen bürstenlosen Erreger gespeist. Bei bürstenloser Erregung kann eine zweite Vorrichtung zur Frequenzwandlung notwendig sein (siehe dazu die eingangs genannte Druckschrift US-A-5,097,195).Gas turbines are increasingly being used to generate electrical energy. The oil or gas burned in the gas turbine is converted into mechanical kinetic energy and then converted into electrical energy via a generator. The gas turbine and the generator are coupled to one another and form a shaft train. The gas turbine can only be ignited above a certain speed. Up to this speed, the shaft train must be accelerated by another component. This component then has to support the gas turbine over a wide speed range. Nowadays, the generator itself is used for this starting process. Here the generator does not work as a generator, but as a motor. A direct connection of the generator to the network is out of the question, however, because of the required high control quality of the start-up process and because of the network and generator load. Therefore, it is common today to feed the generator via a static frequency converter (Static Frequency Converter SFC) during this process. In particular, the torque required at medium to high speeds determines the size of the SFC. In addition to this starting or starting device, a second device is required to regulate the excitation of the generator. The excitation winding of the generator is fed either via slip rings or via a brushless exciter. In the case of brushless excitation, a second device for frequency conversion may be necessary (see US-A-5,097,195 mentioned at the beginning).
Teilweise wird die Gasturbine aber auch durch einen in die Welle eingreifenden unabhängigen Antrieb angefahren. Dieser kann auf unterschiedliche Weise realisiert sein. Eingesetzt werden hier zum Beispiel Asynchronmotoren mit entsprechenden Frequenzumrichtern.In some cases, however, the gas turbine is started up by an independent drive engaging in the shaft. This can be implemented in different ways. For example, asynchronous motors with appropriate frequency converters are used.
Nachteilig bei den bekannten Lösungen für den Anfahrvorgang ist der vergleichsweise hohe Aufwand. Beim Hochlauf über den Generator muss der Frequenzumrichter dem Spannungsniveau des Stator-Hauptkreises angepasst werden, und es müssen Schaltmittel zum Abtrennen im generatorischen Betrieb vorgesehen werden. Bei einem unabhängigen Antrieb wird die Mechanik des Wellenstranges kom- plexer.A disadvantage of the known solutions for the starting process is the comparatively high outlay. When starting up via the generator, the frequency converter must be adapted to the voltage level of the stator main circuit and switching means must be provided for disconnection in generator mode. With an independent drive, the mechanics of the shaft train become more complex.
DARSTELLUNG DER ERFINDUNGPRESENTATION OF THE INVENTION
Es ist daher Aufgabe der Erfindung, ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zumIt is therefore an object of the invention to provide a method and an apparatus for
Hochfahren eines Wellenstranges zu schaffen, welche die Nachteile des Standes der Technik vermeiden. Die Aufgabe wird durch die Gesamtheit der Merkmale der Ansprüche 1 und 10 gelöst. Der Kern der Erfindung besteht darin, die am Wellenstrang sitzende Erregermaschine als Hochfahrvorrichtung zu verwenden. Hierdurch kann die sonst übliche SFC-Anlage, die den Generator beim Hochfahren direkt speist, eingespart werden.To create a shaft train to create, which avoid the disadvantages of the prior art. The object is achieved by the entirety of the features of claims 1 and 10. The essence of the invention is to use the excitation machine seated on the shaft train as a starting device. This can save the otherwise usual SFC system that feeds the generator directly when starting up.
Gemäss einer bevorzugten Ausgestaltung der Erfindung umfasst die Erregermaschine einen Erregerrotor mit einer Rotorwicklung und einen Erregerstator mit einer Statorwicklung. Beim Hochfahren wird die Rotorwicklung mit einem Wech- selstrom variabler Frequenz und die Statorwicklung mit einem Wechselstrom konstanter Frequenz, insbesondere Netzfrequenz, gespeist. Insbesondere wird zum Speisen der Rotorwicklung der Erregermaschine ein an das Netz angeschlossener Frequenzumrichter verwendet. Es kann aber auch umgekehrt die Statorwicklung mit einem Wechselstrom variabler Frequenz und die Rotorwicklung mit einem Wechselstrom konstanter Frequenz gespeist werden.According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the excitation machine comprises an excitation rotor with a rotor winding and an excitation stator with a stator winding. When starting up, the rotor winding is supplied with an alternating current of variable frequency and the stator winding with an alternating current of constant frequency, in particular mains frequency. In particular, a frequency converter connected to the mains is used to feed the rotor winding of the excitation machine. Conversely, the stator winding can also be fed with an alternating current of variable frequency and the rotor winding with an alternating current of constant frequency.
Eine weitere Vereinfachung ergibt sich, wenn gemäss einer anderen bevorzugten Ausgestaltung der Erfindung der Generator eine Erregerwicklung aufweist, wenn nach Beendigung des Anfahrvorgangs die Rotorwicklung der Erregermaschine die Erregerwicklung des Generators speist, und wenn der Frequenzumrichter zur Regelung der Erregerspannung an die Statorwicklung der Erregermaschine angeschlossen wird oder angeschlossen bleibt.A further simplification results if, according to another preferred embodiment of the invention, the generator has an excitation winding, if the rotor winding of the excitation machine feeds the excitation winding of the generator after the start-up process, and if the frequency converter is connected to the stator winding of the excitation machine to regulate the excitation voltage or stays connected.
Die Speisung der Erregerwicklung des Generators durch die Rotorwicklung der Er- regermaschine erfolgt vorzugsweise über elektronische Elemente, insbesondere in Form eines rotierenden Gleichrichters, wobei die Rotorwicklung der Erregermaschine über die elektronischen Elemente dauerhaft an die Erregerwicklung des Generators angeschlossen ist, und die elektronischen Elemente durch ein Signal ein- oder ausgeschaltet werden, je nachdem, ob der Wellenstrang hochgefahren wird oder ob der Generator erregt wird. Eine bevorzugte Ausgestaltung der erfindungsgemässen Vorrichtung ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Rotorwicklung der Erregermaschine über steuerbare elektronische Elemente mit einer Erregerwicklung des Generators verbunden ist, die steuerbaren elektronischen Elemente über eine Steuersignalleitung ein- und ausschaltbar sind, und die elektronischen Elemente einen rotierenden Gleichrichter bilden.The excitation winding of the generator is preferably supplied by the rotor winding of the excitation machine via electronic elements, in particular in the form of a rotating rectifier, the rotor winding of the excitation machine being permanently connected to the excitation winding of the generator via the electronic elements, and the electronic elements by The signal can be switched on or off depending on whether the shaft train is started up or whether the generator is excited. A preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention is characterized in that the rotor winding of the excitation machine is connected to an excitation winding of the generator via controllable electronic elements, the controllable electronic elements can be switched on and off via a control signal line, and the electronic elements form a rotating rectifier.
Weitere Ausführungsformen ergeben sich aus den abhängigen Ansprüchen.Further embodiments result from the dependent claims.
KURZE ERLÄUTERUNG DER FIGURENBRIEF EXPLANATION OF THE FIGURES
Die Erfindung soll nachfolgend anhand von Ausführungsbeispielen im Zusammenhang mit der Zeichnung näher erläutert werden. Es zeigenThe invention will be explained in more detail below on the basis of exemplary embodiments in connection with the drawing. Show it
Fig. 1 in einem vereinfachten Schaltbild ein erstes bevorzugtes Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung, bei welchem beim Hochfahren die Rotorwicklung mit einem Wechselstrom variabler Frequenz und die Statorwicklung mit einem Wechselstrom konstanter Frequenz gespeist wird;1 shows a simplified circuit diagram of a first preferred exemplary embodiment of the invention, in which the rotor winding is fed with an alternating current of variable frequency and the stator winding with an alternating current of constant frequency when starting up;
Fig. 2 in einem zu Fig. 1 vergleichbaren Schaltbild ein zweites bevorzugtes Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung, bei welchem beim Hochfahren die Statorwicklung mit einem Wechselstrom variabler Fre- quenz und die Rotorwicklung mit einem Wechselstrom konstanterFIG. 2 shows a second preferred exemplary embodiment of the invention in a circuit diagram comparable to FIG. 1, in which the stator winding with an alternating current of variable frequency and the rotor winding with an alternating current are more constant during startup
Frequenz gespeist wird; undFrequency is fed; and
Fig. 3 die beispielhaften Kurven der Rotorspannung UR (Kurven A undFig. 3 shows the exemplary curves of the rotor voltage UR (curves A and
B) und der Statorspannung USt (Kurven C und D) beim Hochfah- ren gemäss der Erfindung mit (Kurven B und D) und ohne (KurvenB) and the stator voltage U St (curves C and D) when starting up according to the invention with (curves B and D) and without (curves
A und C) Stufentrafo. WEGE ZUR AUSFÜHRUNG DER ERFINDUNGA and C) step transformer. WAYS OF CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
In Fig. 1 ist ein bevorzugtes Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung in Form eines vereinfachten Schaltbildes dargestellt. Eine Gasturbine 10, ein Generator 22, von dem nur der Generatorrotor 11 gezeigt ist, sowie eine Erregermaschine 14 sind durch eine gemeinsame Welle 21 verbunden und bilden einen Wellenstrang. Die Erregermaschine 14 hat einen Erregerstator 16 mit einer Statorwicklung 25 und einen Erregerrotor 15 mit einer Rotorwicklung 23. Die Statorwicklung 25 ist über zwei Schalter S1 und S3 wahlweise mit dem Netz 24 oder mit dem Ausgang eines an das Netz 24 angeschlossenen Frequenzumrichters 20 verbindbar. Die Rotorwicklung 23 ist über elektronische Elemente in Form eines rotierenden Gleichrichters 13 mit einer Erregerwicklung 12 im Generatorrotor 11 verbunden. Der rotierende Gleichrichter 13 enthält elektronische Elemente (z.B. Thyristoren), die über eine Steuersignalleitung 18 ein- und ausgeschaltet werden können. Sind die elek- tronischen Elemente eingeschaltet, ist die Rotorwicklung 23 mit der Erregerwicklung 12 verbunden. Sind die elektronischen Elemente dagegen ausgeschaltet, ist diese Verbindung unterbrochen. Die Rotorwicklung 23 ist über einen weiteren Schalter S2 mit dem Ausgang des Frequenzumrichters 20 verbunden. Ein Stufentransformator 19 kann in den Speisekreis eingefügt werden.1 shows a preferred exemplary embodiment of the invention in the form of a simplified circuit diagram. A gas turbine 10, a generator 22, of which only the generator rotor 11 is shown, and an excitation machine 14 are connected by a common shaft 21 and form a shaft train. The excitation machine 14 has an excitation stator 16 with a stator winding 25 and an excitation rotor 15 with a rotor winding 23. The stator winding 25 can be connected to the network 24 or to the output of a frequency converter 20 connected to the network 24 via two switches S1 and S3. The rotor winding 23 is connected to an excitation winding 12 in the generator rotor 11 via electronic elements in the form of a rotating rectifier 13. The rotating rectifier 13 contains electronic elements (e.g. thyristors) which can be switched on and off via a control signal line 18. If the electronic elements are switched on, the rotor winding 23 is connected to the excitation winding 12. However, if the electronic elements are switched off, this connection is interrupted. The rotor winding 23 is connected to the output of the frequency converter 20 via a further switch S2. A step transformer 19 can be inserted into the feed circuit.
Im Normal- bzw. Dauerbetrieb sind die Schalter S2 und S3 offen, während der Schalter S1 geschlossen ist. Die Statorwicklung 25 der Erregermaschine 14 wird von dem Frequenzumrichter 20 gespeist. Die in der Rotorwicklung 23 induzierte Spannung wird im rotierenden Gleichrichter 13 gleichgerichtet und speist die Erre- gerwicklung 12 des Generators 22. An der (nicht dargestellten) Statorwicklung des Generators 22 steht die erzeugte elektrische Leistung zur Verfügung. Der Frequenzumrichter 20 kann dabei zur Regelung der Erregerspannung eingesetzt werden.In normal or continuous operation, switches S2 and S3 are open, while switch S1 is closed. The stator winding 25 of the excitation machine 14 is fed by the frequency converter 20. The voltage induced in the rotor winding 23 is rectified in the rotating rectifier 13 and feeds the excitation winding 12 of the generator 22. The electrical power generated is available on the stator winding (not shown) of the generator 22. The frequency converter 20 can be used to regulate the excitation voltage.
Beim Anfahrvorgang werden zum Hochfahren des Wellenstranges die Schalter S2 und S3 geschlossen und der Schalter S1 geöffnet. Die Statorwicklung 25 der Erregermaschine 14 wird so aus dem Netz 24 gespeist, die Rotorwicklung 23 über Schleifringe 26 aus dem Frequenzumrichter 20. Über Stromwandler 17 in den Zuleitungen zwischen Stufentransformator 19 und Rotorwicklung 23 werden entsprechende Steuersignale abgenommen und über eine Steuersignalleitung 18 an den rotierenden Gleichrichter 13 weitergeleitet, dessen elektronische Elemente ab- schalten und so die Verbindung zwischen Rotorwicklung 23 und Erregerwicklung 12 unterbrechen. Die Erregermaschine 14 arbeitet so als Antriebsmotor für den Wellenstrang. Das Anfahrverhalten kann dabei über den Frequenzumrichter 20 gesteuert werden. Ist die für den Betrieb der Gasturbine 10 erforderliche Drehzahl erreicht, kann auf den oben beschriebenen Dauerbetrieb umgeschaltet werden. Der Stufentransformator 19 kann für die schonende Belastung des Frequenzumrichters eingeschaltet sein, wobei die Stufenumschaltung bevorzugt elektronisch durchgeführt wird. Im Rahmen dieses Anfahrvorgangs kann es von Vorteil sein, wenn die Statorwicklung 25 der Erregermaschine 14 bei niedrigen Drehzahlen zunächst mit einem Wechselstrom variabler Frequenz, insbesondere aus dem an das Netz 24 angeschlossenen Frequenzumrichter 20, gespeist wird, und wenn bei dieser Speisung der Statorwicklung 25 der Erregermaschine 14 mit einem Wechselstrom variabler Frequenz der Erregerwiderstand als Belastung benutzt wird.When starting up, switches S2 and S3 are closed and switch S1 opened to start up the shaft train. The stator winding 25 of the excitation machine 14 is thus fed from the network 24, the rotor winding 23 via Slip rings 26 from the frequency converter 20. Corresponding control signals are taken off via current transformers 17 in the feed lines between the step transformer 19 and the rotor winding 23 and passed on to the rotating rectifier 13 via a control signal line 18, the electronic elements of which switch off and thus the connection between the rotor winding 23 and the excitation winding 12 interrupt. The excitation machine 14 thus works as a drive motor for the shaft train. The starting behavior can be controlled via the frequency converter 20. Once the speed required for the operation of the gas turbine 10 has been reached, it is possible to switch over to the continuous operation described above. The step transformer 19 can be switched on for the gentle loading of the frequency converter, the step switching preferably being carried out electronically. In the context of this starting process, it can be advantageous if the stator winding 25 of the excitation machine 14 is initially supplied with an alternating current of variable frequency, in particular from the frequency converter 20 connected to the network 24, at low speeds, and if the stator winding 25 is supplied with this power Excitation machine 14 with an alternating current of variable frequency the excitation resistance is used as a load.
Die zu Fig. 1 umgekehrte Anspeisung ist in Fig. 2 wiedergegeben. Hier ist die Ro- torwicklung 23 über die Schleifringe 26, den Schalter S2 und ggf. den Stufentransformator 19 an das Netz angeschlossen und wird mit einem Wechselstrom konstanter Frequenz, insbesondere Netzfrequenz, gespeist. Die Statorwicklung 25 dagegen wird aus dem Frequenzumrichter 20 mit einem Wechselstrom variabler Frequenz gespeist.The feed reversed from FIG. 1 is shown in FIG. 2. Here the rotor winding 23 is connected to the network via the slip rings 26, the switch S2 and possibly the step transformer 19 and is fed with an alternating current of constant frequency, in particular network frequency. In contrast, the stator winding 25 is fed from the frequency converter 20 with an alternating current of variable frequency.
Die Spannungsverläufe U(r) in Abhängigkeit von der Rotationsgeschwindigkeit r beim Hochfahren sind für die verschiedenen Fälle in Fig. 3 dargestellt. Kurve A zeigt die Rotorspannung UR ohne Einsatz des Stufentransformators 19, Kurve B zeigt die Rotorspannung UR mit Einsatz des Stufentransformators 19, Kurve C zeigt die Statorspannung Ust ohne Einsatz des Stufentransformators 19, Kurve D zeigt die Statorspannung Ust mit Einsatz des Stufentransformators 19. Insgesamt ergeben sich für die erfindungsgemässe Lösung die folgenden charakteristischen Eigenschaften, Merkmale und Vorteile:The voltage profiles U (r) as a function of the rotational speed r when starting up are shown in FIG. 3 for the different cases. Curve A shows the rotor voltage UR without using the step transformer 19, curve B shows the rotor voltage UR with using the step transformer 19, curve C shows the stator voltage Us t without using the step transformer 19, curve D shows the stator voltage Us t with using the step transformer 19. Overall, the following characteristic properties, features and advantages result for the solution according to the invention:
- Durch die drehzahlvariable Ausführung der Erregermaschine eines bürstenlosen Generators kann die Erregermaschine als Hochfahrvorrichtung ein- gesetzt werden. Die sonst übliche SFC-Anlage, die den Generator direkt speist, entfällt.- Due to the variable-speed design of the exciter of a brushless generator, the exciter can be used as a starting device. The usual SFC system, which feeds the generator directly, is no longer required.
- Ein solcher Hochfahrerreger ermöglicht das Anfahren von Generator-Turbinen, bei denen der Generator eine Hochspannungswicklung besitzt (z.B. beim sogenannten „Powerformer"; siehe dazu M. Leijon - Powerformer - a radically new rotating machine, ABB Review 2 (1998) pp. 21-26), ohne dass die frequenzvariable Einspeisung über einen Zwischentransformator auf die Spannungsebene des Generators hochtransformiert wird und ohne dass eine aufwändige Zusatzwicklung benötigt wird.- Such a high-rise exciter enables the start-up of generator turbines in which the generator has a high-voltage winding (for example in the case of the so-called "powerformer"; see in this regard M. Leijon - Powerformer - a radically new rotating machine, ABB Review 2 (1998) pp. 21 -26), without the variable-frequency feed being stepped up to the voltage level of the generator via an intermediate transformer and without the need for a complex additional winding.
- Der Einsatz eines drehzahlvariablen Generators wird durch einen Hochfahr- erreger unterstützt, da hierdurch der Generator und die Umrichter allein für den generatorischen Betrieb, nicht aber für den Motorbetrieb ausgelegt werden müssen.- The use of a variable-speed generator is supported by a start-up exciter, since this means that the generator and the converter must be designed solely for generator operation, but not for engine operation.
- Die Statorwicklung des Generators wird während des Anlaufes nicht mehr den hochfrequenten Spannungspeaks der Anfahrvorrichtung ausgesetzt. Die Gefahr einer Schädigung der Generatorisolation wird hiermit verringert.- The stator winding of the generator is no longer exposed to the high-frequency voltage peaks of the starting device during startup. This reduces the risk of damage to the generator insulation.
Wellenspannungen aufgrund der Spannungspeaks werden ebenfalls verringert.Wave voltages due to the voltage peaks are also reduced.
- Die Lösung ist auch für ein Abbremsen des Wellenstranges geeignet.- The solution is also suitable for braking the shaft train.
- Die Bürsten sind für ein Erregerboosten, d.h., die kurzzeitige Überziehung des Erregerstromes, im Betrieb geeignet.- The brushes are suitable for an excitation boost, i.e. the short-term excess of the excitation current, during operation.
- Die Bürsten sind im Betrieb abhebbar.- The brushes can be lifted off during operation.
- Das Verfahren und die Anlage können für den Turnbetrieb verwendet werden, bei dem der Wellenstrang langsam gedreht wird. BEZUGSZEICHENLISTE- The method and the system can be used for gymnastics, in which the shaft train is rotated slowly. LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS
10 Gasturbine10 gas turbine
11 Generatorrotor11 generator rotor
12 Erregerwicklung12 excitation winding
13 elektronisches Element (rotierender Gleichrichter)13 electronic element (rotating rectifier)
14 Erregermaschine14 excitation machine
15 Erregerrotor15 exciter rotor
16 Erregerstator16 excitation stator
17 Stromwandler17 current transformers
18 Steuersignalleitung18 control signal line
19 Stufentransformator19 step transformer
20 Frequenzumrichter20 frequency converters
21 Welle21 wave
22 Generator22 generator
23 Rotorwicklung (Erregermaschine)23 rotor winding (excitation machine)
24 Netz24 network
25 Statorwicklung25 stator winding
26 Schleifring26 slip ring
S1. S2. S3 SchalterS1. S2. S3 switch
A....D Kurve A .... D curve

Claims

PATENTANSPRÜCHE
1. Verfahren zum Hochfahren eines Wellenstranges (10, 14, 21, 22), welcher Wellenstrang eine Turbine, insbesondere eine Gasturbine (10), einen Generator (22) und eine Erregermaschine (14) umfasst, die durch eine gemeinsame Welle (21) miteinander verbunden sind, bei welchem Verfahren die Turbine während eines Anfahrvorgangs mittels einer Hochfahrvorrichtung hochgefahren wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Erregermaschine (14) als Hochfahrvorrichtung verwendet wird.1. Method for starting up a shaft train (10, 14, 21, 22), which shaft train comprises a turbine, in particular a gas turbine (10), a generator (22) and an excitation machine (14), which is driven by a common shaft (21) are connected to one another, in which method the turbine is started up by means of a starting device during a starting process, characterized in that the exciter (14) is used as the starting device.
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Erregermaschine (14) einen Erregerrotor (15) mit einer Rotorwicklung (23) und einen Erregerstator (16) mit einer Statorwicklung (25) umfasst, und dass beim Hochfahren die Rotorwicklung (23) mit einem Wechselstrom variabler Frequenz und die Sta- torwicklung (25) mit einem Wechselstrom konstanter Frequenz, insbesondere Netzfrequenz, gespeist wird.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the excitation machine (14) comprises an excitation rotor (15) with a rotor winding (23) and an excitation stator (16) with a stator winding (25), and in that the rotor winding (23) is fed with an alternating current of variable frequency and the stator winding (25) with an alternating current of constant frequency, in particular mains frequency.
3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Erregermaschine (14) einen Erregerrotor (15) mit einer Rotorwicklung (23) und einen Er- regerstator (16) mit einer Statorwicklung (25) umfasst, und dass beim Hochfahren die Statorwicklung (25) mit einem Wechselstrom variabler Frequenz und die Rotorwicklung (23) mit einem Wechselstrom konstanter Frequenz, insbesondere Netzfrequenz, gespeist wird.3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the excitation machine (14) comprises an excitation rotor (15) with a rotor winding (23) and an excitation stator (16) with a stator winding (25), and in that the stator winding () 25) with an alternating current of variable frequency and the rotor winding (23) with an alternating current of constant frequency, in particular mains frequency, is fed.
4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2 oder 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zum4. The method according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that for
Speisen der Rotorwicklung (23) bzw. Statorwicklung (25) der Erregermaschine (14) ein an das Netz (24) angeschlossener Frequenzumrichter (20) verwendet wird.Feeding the rotor winding (23) or stator winding (25) of the excitation machine (14) a frequency converter (20) connected to the network (24) is used.
5. Verfahren nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Generator (22) eine Erregerwicklung (12) aufweist, dass nach Beendigung des Anfahrvorgangs die Rotorwicklung (23) der Erregermaschine (14) die Erregerwicklung (12) des Generators (22) speist, und dass der Frequenzumrichter (20) zur Regelung der Erregerspannung an die Statorwicklung (25) der Erregermaschine (14) angeschlossen wird oder bleibt.5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that the generator (22) has an excitation winding (12), that after completion of the starting process, the rotor winding (23) of the excitation machine (14), the excitation winding (12) of the generator (22) feeds, and that the frequency converter (20) for controlling the excitation voltage is or remains connected to the stator winding (25) of the excitation machine (14).
6. Verfahren nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Speisung der Erregerwicklung (12) des Generators (22) durch die Rotorwicklung (23) der Erregermaschine (14) über elektronische Elemente (13), insbesondere in Form eines rotierenden Gleichrichters, erfolgt.6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that the excitation winding (12) of the generator (22) is supplied by the rotor winding (23) of the excitation machine (14) via electronic elements (13), in particular in the form of a rotating rectifier.
7. Verfahren nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Rotorwicklung (23) der Erregermaschine (14) über die elektronischen Elemente (13) dauerhaft an die Erregerwicklung (12) des Generators (22) angeschlossen ist, und dass die elektronischen Elemente (13) durch ein Signal ein- oder ausgeschaltet werden, je nachdem, ob der Wellenstrang (10, 14, 21, 22) hochgefahren wird oder ob der Generator (22) erregt wird.7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that the rotor winding (23) of the excitation machine (14) via the electronic elements (13) is permanently connected to the excitation winding (12) of the generator (22), and that the electronic elements (13 ) can be switched on or off by a signal, depending on whether the shaft train (10, 14, 21, 22) is started up or whether the generator (22) is excited.
8. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Statorwicklung (25) der Erregermaschine (14) bei niedrigen Drehzahlen zunächst mit einem Wechselstrom variabler Frequenz, insbesondere aus einem an das Netz (24) angeschlossener Frequenzumrichter (20), gespeist wird.8. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the stator winding (25) of the excitation machine (14) at low speeds is initially fed with an alternating current of variable frequency, in particular from a frequency converter (20) connected to the network (24).
9. Verfahren nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Erregerwiderstand bei der Speisung der Statorwicklung (25) der Erregermaschine (14) als Belastung benutzt wird.9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that the excitation resistance is used as a load when feeding the stator winding (25) of the excitation machine (14).
10. Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens nach Anspruch 1, welche Vorrichtung einen Wellenstrang (10, 14, 21, 22) mit einer Turbine, insbesondere einer Gasturbine (10), einem Generator (22) und einer Erregermaschine (14) umfasst, die durch eine gemeinsame Welle (21) miteinander verbunden sind, sowie Mittel (17, 18, 20; S1 ,..,S3) zum Hochfahren des Wellenstranges (10, 14, 21 , 22) aufweist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Hochfahrmittel einen ans Netz (24) angeschlossenen Frequenzumrichter (20) umfassen, welcher wahlweise mit einer Rotorwicklung (23) der Erregermaschine (14) verbindbar ist.10. The device for performing the method according to claim 1, which device comprises a shaft train (10, 14, 21, 22) with a turbine, in particular a gas turbine (10), a generator (22) and an excitation machine (14), which by a common shaft (21) is connected to one another, and has means (17, 18, 20; S1, .., S3) for starting up the shaft train (10, 14, 21, 22), characterized in that the starting means connects one to the network (24) connected frequency converter (20), which can optionally be connected to a rotor winding (23) of the exciter (14).
11. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Ro- torwicklung (23) der Erregermaschine (14) über steuerbare elektronische Elemente (13) mit einer Erregerwicklung (12) des Generators (22) verbunden ist, und dass die steuerbaren elektronischen Elemente über eine Steuersignalleitung (18) ein- und ausschaltbar sind.11. The device according to claim 10, characterized in that the rotor winding (23) of the excitation machine (14) is connected via controllable electronic elements (13) to an excitation winding (12) of the generator (22), and that the controllable electronic elements can be switched on and off via a control signal line (18).
12. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die elektronischen Elemente einen rotierenden Gleichrichter (13) bilden.12. The apparatus according to claim 11, characterized in that the electronic elements form a rotating rectifier (13).
13. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 10 bis 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zwischen dem Frequenzumrichter (20) und der Rotorwicklung (23) der Erregermaschine (14) ein Stufentransformator (19) angeordnet ist.13. Device according to one of claims 10 to 12, characterized in that a step transformer (19) is arranged between the frequency converter (20) and the rotor winding (23) of the excitation machine (14).
14. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 10 bis 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Erregermaschine (14) eine Statorwicklung (25) aufweist, welche wahlweise mit dem Frequenzumrichter (20) oder dem Netz (24) verbindbar ist. 14. Device according to one of claims 10 to 13, characterized in that the excitation machine (14) has a stator winding (25) which can optionally be connected to the frequency converter (20) or the network (24).
EP03776929A 2002-10-14 2003-10-13 Method for running-up a shaft assembly and device for carrying out the method Withdrawn EP1554796A1 (en)

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DE10247905 2002-10-14
DE10247905A DE10247905A1 (en) 2002-10-14 2002-10-14 Method for starting up a shaft train and device for carrying out the method
PCT/EP2003/050713 WO2004036731A1 (en) 2002-10-14 2003-10-13 Method for running-up a shaft assembly and device for carrying out the method

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JP4488896B2 (en) 2010-06-23
DE10247905A1 (en) 2004-05-06

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