EP1552083A1

EP1552083A1 - A method for building a multi-storey building and a temporary exterior wall with a number of temporary wall elements for practising the method

Info

Publication number: EP1552083A1
Application number: EP03737939A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Mads Blom; Claus Bork
Original assignee: Bork & Blom Udviklingsselskab Aps
Current assignee: Bork & Blom Udviklingsselskab Aps
Priority date: 2002-07-03
Filing date: 2003-07-02
Publication date: 2005-07-13
Also published as: AU2003246160A1; WO2004005650A1

Abstract

In a method for building a multi-storey building the floors (1) are erected one by one on columns (2) supporting against the top of the subjacent floor (1) which is the flooring (3) in the case of the first floor. A temporary exterior wall (5) in form of a number of temporary wall elements (8) is erected between each of two floors, after which a number of permanent wall elements (7) are mounted along the floor edge and the temporary wall elements are removed. The temporary wall elements each consist of a rectangular frame (9) assembled by vertical bars (10) and horizontal bars (11). The opening of the frame is covered by an armoured plastic sheet (12) which is transparent so that the light is allowed to fall into the covered floor. The multi-storey building according to the invention is quick and inexpensive to build. Concurrently with the erection of the frame construction of the building, the complete floors of the frame construction can be covered from the inside by means of the temporary exterior walls and thereby be heated and dried, whereby the time spent on the building is reduced.

Description

A method fo!r building a multi-storey building and a temporary- exterior watll with a number of temporary wall elements for practising the method

The invention relates to a method for building a multi-storey building and a temporary exterior wall with a number of temporary wall elements for practising the method.

More specifically the invention relates to a method for erecting floors one by one on columns/girders supporting against the top of the subjacent floor which is the flooring in the case of the first floor.

Conventionally the exterior wall of a multi-storey building is built first. Each time the wall reaches the level of a new storey partition, the floor is mounted on the wall and possibly propped further up by columns/girders .

In a building method that has gained a footing during the recent many years the exterior wall is per contra built at the end. Floor after floor are thus built without exterior wall, the floors being erected one by one on columns by means of cranes. In this way the frame construction of the building is erected quickly, easily and inexpensively.

However, it is not possible to simultaneously build the exterior wall as this would require working in the working area of the cranes where it is dangerous to stay.

Only when all the floors have been erected can the work of building the exterior wall begin. Over a longer period of time the building can therefore not be heated, dried and fitted.

Although the frame construction of the building is built quickly, easily and inexpensively, the above problem however prolongs the building time disproportionately much with the result that the advantages otherwise offered by the building method are not fully gained, just as the builder normally cannot accept the long period that it is spent on finishing the building.

In some cases the problem is tried solved by covering with tarpaulins that however are not able to offer the imperviousness and insulation needed to be able to heat and dry the building in a secure and economic way. If the tarpaulins are mounted from the outside, the crane erecting must be discontinued temporarily. Furthermore there is a risk of a tarpaulin coming more or less loose when it is windy. This can cause damages if the tarpaulin then is caught by the crane .

Another solution is to cover the floors gradually with walls that are built of wood in si tu . However, this solution is difficult, labour-consuming, costly and ineffective.

In a first aspect of the invention a quick, effective and inexpensive method is provided for building a building with floors that are built one by one on columns.

In a second aspect of the invention a temporary exterior wall for such a building being built is provided.

In a third aspect of the invention a wall element for such a temporary exterior wall is provided.

When a temporary exterior wall in form of a number of temporary wall elements is erected between two floors, the floors can advantageously be heated at once and the drying begin. Thereby precious building time is gained.

According to the invention the wall elements of the temporary exterior wall are advantageously mounted from the inside of the building whereby the considerable advantage is obtained in that the work of erecting the frame construction by means of a crane can proceed uninterruptedly while the floor below a just placed floor is covered.

Prefabricated concrete floors are often prestressed with an arch rise that is reduced or disappears when the building is fitted. The dimensions of the floors and columns will also vary within inevitable working tolerances. The temporary wall elements are normally also prefabricated and therefore within given tolerances - of equal height. This means that there can be spaces in some places between the topmost floor and the wall elements of the temporary exterior wall or that there is not enough room for the elements in other places.

According to the invention a U-rail is therefore first mounted on the underside of the topmost structural floor in a floor after which the upper end parts of the temporary wall elements are edged or pushed into the U-rail whereas their lower end parts are fastened on the top face of the subjacent structural floor.

In this connection each temporary wall elements are manufactured with a minus tolerance in relation to the nominal spacing between the floors of a size that allows the element to be securely fitted in between the body of the U-rail and the subjacent floor and the topmost floor to settle without the body of the U-rail thereby getting into load transmitting contact with the topside of the element.

According to the invention the temporary exterior wall comprises a number of temporary wall elements that are mounted together in pairs. By means of this design a construction is obtained that is resistant to for example the action of the wind and that at the same time is easy and quick to mount and demount . Each of these temporary wall elements can according to the invention be composed of V-shaped bars that are joined to a rectangular frame defining an opening covered by at least one, preferably transparent shee .

If the temporary wall element has two sheets, it advantageously forms a heat-insulating thermal element that ensures that the floors are heated without unnecessary waste of energy.

Alternatively the temporary wall element can be formed by a frame with an opening without sheet and a thermal element of the kind described in the applicant's Danish patent application no. PA 2002 00384 which is incorporated in the present patent application by reference. The thermal element is fitted detachably in the first-mentioned frame and can be removed as required so that a vent hole is created in the temporary exterior wall . The hole can also be used as door for passage of persons and goods.

The invention will be explained in greater details below, describing only exemplary embodiments with reference to the drawing, in which

Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the erection of a frame construction for a building in a preliminary phase,

Fig. 2 is the frame construction in fig. 1 in a second phase,

Fig. 3 is the frame construction in fig. 1 in a final phase,

Fig. 4 is a side elevational view of a part of a temporary exterior wall for covering a floor in the frame construction in figs . 1 - 3 , Fig. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the temporary exterior wall,

Fig. 6 is on a larger scale a cross-sectional view in more detail of a first embodiment of the temporary exterior wall,

Fig. 7 is on a larger scale a cross-sectional view in more detail of a second embodiment of the temporary exterior wall,

Fig. 8 is on a larger scale a cross-sectional view in more detail of a third embodiment of the temporary exterior wall, and

Fig. 9 is on a larger scale a cross-sectional view in more detail of a fourth embodiment of the temporary exterior wall.

Figs. 1 - 3 are schematic views of three phases of the erection of a frame construction for a building, note being made that there are not-shown intermediate phases between these phases .

By way of example it is in the following assumed that the frame construction is built as a modular building by means of a crane (not shown) .

The main components of the structure are the floors 1 which e.g. can be of reinforced concrete and the columns 2 which e.g. can be of steel or reinforced concrete.

In fig. 1 the bottom floor of the frame construction is complete . The columns 2 are mounted on the flooring 3 in a known manner, after which the crane has lifted the floor 1 up onto the columns that then have been permanently connected to the floor. In the example shown the columns are located at a distance from the outer edge 4 of the floor. The distance can for example correspond to a module. One module of a room can therefore be established on the cantilevered parts of the floors.

A distance from the outer edge 4 of the floors a temporary exterior wall 5 is placed that at the top is extending into a U-rail 6 mounted on the underside of the floor and at the bottom is mounted in the flooring.

The temporary exterior wall 5 is mounted from the inside under cover of the already mounted floor, and the mounting can therefore take place without risk of getting hit by the crane or goods lifted by the crane or falling down.

The temporary exterior wall covers the bottom floor that therefore can be immediately heated and dried without having to wait for the remaining part of the frame construction to be complete. Thereby, precious building time is gained, as the floors are made ready for fitting concurrently with the progression of the erection of the frame construction.

In fig. 2 three floors have been erected and provided with exterior walls and in fig. 3 five floors have been erected. The frame construction is now complete.

As mentioned each of the temporary exterior walls are located a distance from the outer edge 4 of the floor. This distance is adjusted so that as much as possible of the respective floor is covered but so that there is still left enough room to be able to build the permanent exterior wall 7.

This takes place when the frame construction is complete and work in the area outside the building can take place without any risk. This situation is shown in fig. 3, in which the two bottom floors are provided with exterior walls 7 after which the temporary exterior walls 6 can be removed and used again for another building. In fig. 3 the temporary exterior wall has been removed in the lowest floor whereas this still has not taken place in the floor second from the bottom.

Fig. 4 is on a larger scale a side elevational view of four temporary wall elements 8 forming part of a temporary exterior wall 5 covering the floor between the two floors 1.

These temporary wall elements are each composed of a rectangular frame 9 assembled by vertical bars 10 and horizontal bars 11. The opening of the frame is, in this case, covered by an armoured plastic sheet 12 which preferably is transparent so that light is allowed to fall into the covered floor.

The temporary wall elements are mounted in pairs by bolts 13 with a sealing strip 14 in between. Furthermore, the elements are mounted to the top face of the bottom floor by bolts 15 with a sealing strip 16 in between.

The top part of the temporary wall elements is extending into the U-rail 6 which is mounted on the top floor by bolts 17.

Fig. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view through a temporary wall element 8 which is only extending, as shown, a distance into the U-rail 6.

The reason for this is that the temporary wall elements, the sheets and the columns cannot be produced with 100% accuracy but only with working tolerances of a size that depends on the production process and the materials chosen. The prefabricated concrete floors are furthermore often prestressed with an arch rise which is reduced or disappears when the building is fitted.

It is therefore necessary to produce the wall elements with an adequate minus tolerance in relation to the nominal spacing between the floors so that a clearance 18 is left between the top face of the elements and the body of the U-rail.

Fig. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a first embodiment of a temporary wall element according to the invention.

The bars 10 and 11 that form the rectangular frame 9 of the wall element 8 have a first flap 19 extending along the periphery of the frame and a second flap 20 extending crosswise to the first flap.

Two V-shaped ribs 21 on the first flap 19 form T-slot 22 serving for receiving V-shaped plate portions 23 that are bent an angle of 90°. The bars 10 and 11 are joined in the corners by means of these V-shaped plate portions 23 that furthermore are fastened on the first flaps 19 by rivets, screws, or similar parts (not shown) .

The above assembling method is only to be taken as an example, as the frame of the wall element according to the invention can be joined in any other expedient way. For example by pressing a piece of one of the bars into the other bar in the corner of the frame.

On the face of the second flap 20 are made two ribs 24 with an intermediate groove 25. On the inside face of the ribs 24 are furthermore made a number of barbs 26. The armoured plastic sheet 12 is clamped in these grooves by means of clamp bars 27. As shown, the wall element is extending up into the U-rail 6 with a clearance 18 between the top face of the element and the body of the U-rail. A wedge 28 is ensuring against the wall element rattling in the wind.

Fig. 7 is a cross-sectional view of a second embodiment of a temporary wall element according to the invention. This embodiment corresponds in the main to the one in fig. 6, and like parts are therefore referenced by the same reference numerals.

On the inside of the second flap 20 there is, in this case however, two ribs 29 defining a groove 30 with a sealing strip 31.

In the frame of the wall element a thermal element 32 is fitted detachably. This element is known from the applicant's Danish patent application no. PA 2002 00384 and will therefore not be described in detail here.

In this case the thermal element 32 is fastened in the frame 9 of the wall element by means of two or more locks mounted preferably opposite each other and in form of loose fasteners 38 that upon turning are made to clamp against the frame of the thermal element and the inside of a rib 39 on the frame 9. The locks can for example be of plastic.

In this embodiment the wall element itself is without sheet whereby a vent hole is advantageously created when the thermal element is removed. The hole can also be used for passage in and out of the respective floor of persons and goods.

Fig. 8 is a cross-sectional view of a third embodiment of a temporary wall element according to the invention. Also this embodiment corresponds in the main to the one in fig. 6, and like parts are therefore referenced by the same reference numerals .

In this case two ribs 33 with an intermediate groove 34 are made on the inside of the second flap 20. On the inside of the ribs 33 are furthermore made a number of barbs 35. A second armoured plastic sheet 16 is clamped in these grooves by means of clamp bars 37.

This third embodiment of the wall element according to the invention forms in itself a heat-insulated thermal element that advantageously ensures that the already complete floors of the frame construction can be heated without substantial waste of heat.

Fig. 9 is a cross-sectional view of a fourth embodiment of a temporary wall element according to the invention.

The temporary wall elements are mounted in pairs by bolts (not shown) and are furthermore mounted on the top face of the bottom floor by bolts 41 with a sealing strip 42 in between.

The topmost part of the temporary wall elements are extending with a clearance 43 into a U-rail 44 mounted on the topmost floor by bolts 45.

The wall element is composed of a rectangular frame 46 assembled by vertical bars 47 and horizontal bars 48.

On each bar 47 and 48 a first flap 49 is made that is extending along the periphery of the frame and second - and third flaps 50 and 51 respectively are made that are extending crosswise to the first flap 49.

On the second flap 50 is made a pair of first ribs 52 defining a first groove 53 with barbs 54 and on the third flap 51 is made a pair of second ribs 55 defining a second groove 56 with barbs 57.

By means of the clamp bars 58 first - and second sheets 59 and 60 of e.g. plastic are clamped in the first and second grooves 53 and 56 respectively. The sheets are preferably transparent so that daylight is allowed to penetrate into the floors of the building.

Two V-shaped ribs 61 on the first flap 49 form T-slot 62 serving for receiving V-shaped plate portions 63 bent an angle of 90°. The bars 47 and 48 are joined in the corners by means of these V-shaped plate portions that also are secured on the first flap by rivets, screws, or similar parts (not shown) .

The second - and third flaps 50 and 51 are located with a relatively great spacing which preferably is greater than a third of the width of the first flap 49.

Thereby a highly heat-insulating spacing is created between the two plastic sheets so that the floors of the multi-storey building can be heated and dried without heat loss as they are built.

The load from the tightened sheets and the wind pressure on these are furthermore distributed on the second and third flaps whereby the frame is better capable of absorbing these loads than if the loads were to be absorbed by only one flap on the first flap.

Above and in the drawing the invention is described on the assumption that the wall element is to be used as a temporary exterior wall for covering complete floors in the frame construction of a building. Within the scope of the invention the wall element can however advantageously be used for many other purposes, for example as a temporary window or door in an opening in a building being built.

Claims

Patent claims

1. A method for building a multi-storey building and comprising the process steps of erecting the floors (1) one by one on columns (2) supporting against the top of the subjacent floor (1) which is the flooring (3) in the case of the first floor, characterized in that a temporary exterior wall (5) in form of a number of temporary wall elements (8) is erected between two floors, that a number of permanent wall elements (7) are erected along the outer edge (4) of the floor and that the temporary wall elements are removed.

2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the wall elements (8) of the temporary exterior wall (5) are mounted from the inside of the building as soon as a floor (1) is erected.

3. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that a U- rail (6) having a body and two flaps is mounted with the body against the underside of a floor (1), that an upper part of each temporary wall element (8) is guided in between the flaps (19,20) of the U-rail, that a lower part of the wall element is mounted on the subjacent floor, and that adjacent wall elements are fixed to each other.

4. A temporary exterior wall (5) for a multi-storey building which is being built with the floors (1) erected on columns (2) supporting against the top of the subjacent floor which is the flooring (3) in the case of the first floor, characterized in that the temporary exterior wall comprises a U-rail (6) which is fastened on the bottom of a floor which is to be covered temporarily, and a number of temporary wall elements (8) which are fastened to each other in pairs and with their upper end extending in between the flaps (19,20) of the U-rail whereas their lower end is mounted on the top of the subjacent floor.

A temporary wall element (8) for a temporary exterior wall (5) for a multi-storey building which is being built with the floors erected on columns (2) supporting against the top of the subjacent floor which is the flooring (3) in the case of the first floor, characterized in that the temporary wall element comprises two main bars (10) located with a spacing and extending vertically between two floors in mounted state, two crossbars (11) connecting the ends of the main bars and together with these bars forming a rectangular frame (9) defining an opening, and at least one sheet (12; 36) fastened on the frame and covering the opening.

A temporary wall element according to claim 5, characterized in that the at least one sheet (12; 36) is transparent .

A temporary wall element according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that each bar (10,11) has a V-shaped profile with a flap (19) extending along the periphery of the frame (9) and a second flap (20) extending crosswise to the first one and defining the opening of the frame.

A temporary wall element according to claim 7, characterized in that a T-slot (22) is made at least at each end of the inside of the first flap (19) , and that the main bars (10) and the crossbars (11) are assembled in pairs with a V-shaped plate portion (23) that is bent 90° and received in the respective T-slot of the bars.

A temporary wall element (8) for a temporary exterior wall (5) for a multi-storey building which is being built with the floors (1) erected on columns (2) supporting against the top of the subjacent floor which is the flooring (3) in the case of the first floor, characterized in that the temporary wall element comprises a first rectangular frame (9) composed of four bars (10,11) assembled at the corners and having a V- shaped profile with a flap (19) extending along the periphery of the frame and a second flap (20) extending crosswise to the first one and defining a first opening, a second rectangular frame (32) fitted detachably in the first one and composed of four bars defining a second opening, and at least one preferably transparent sheet fastened on the second frame and covering the second opening of the wall element.

10. A temporary wall element according to claim 9, characterized in that a sealing (31) is located between the two frames (9; 32).

11. A temporary wall element (40) for a temporary exterior wall for a multi-storey building which is being built with the floors (1) erected on columns supporting against the top of the subjacent floor which is the flooring (3) in the case of the first floor, whereby the temporary wall element comprises two vertical bars (47) extending vertically between two floors in mounted state; two horizontal bars (48) connecting the ends of the vertical bars and together with these bars forming a rectangular frame (46); a first flap (49) made on each bar (47;48) and extending along the periphery of the frame (46) ; a second flap (50) extending crosswise to the first flap (49); a pair of first ribs (52) made on the second flap (50) and defining a first groove (53) having barbs (54) on the inside of the ribs (52); a first sheet (59) made of e.g. plastic and clamped in the first groove (53); and clamp bars (58) for clamping the first sheet (59) in the first groove (53), characterized in that the wall element furthermore comprises a third flap (51) extending at a distance from the second flap (50) crosswise to the first flap (49); a pair of second ribs (5) made on the third flap (51) and defining a second groove (56) having barbs (57) on the inside of the ribs (55) ; a second sheet (60) clamped in the second groove (56) ; and clamp bars (58) for clamping the second sheet (60) in the second groove (56) .

12. A wall element according to claim 11, characterized in that the second and third flaps (50; 51) are located at a relatively great distance from each other.

13. A wall element according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that the distance between the first and third flaps (50,51) is greater than a third of the width of the first flap (49) .