EP1549778B1 - Aluminum alloy for cutting processing, and aluminum alloy worked article made of the same - Google Patents
Aluminum alloy for cutting processing, and aluminum alloy worked article made of the same Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1549778B1 EP1549778B1 EP03754054A EP03754054A EP1549778B1 EP 1549778 B1 EP1549778 B1 EP 1549778B1 EP 03754054 A EP03754054 A EP 03754054A EP 03754054 A EP03754054 A EP 03754054A EP 1549778 B1 EP1549778 B1 EP 1549778B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- mass
- aluminum alloy
- cutting
- recited
- cutting processing
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 92
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 87
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010407 anodic oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 33
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 30
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 19
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 18
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 13
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 12
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 11
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000007743 anodising Methods 0.000 description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000007962 solid dispersion Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910016338 Bi—Sn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000014509 gene expression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910018563 CuAl2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000997 High-speed steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910019752 Mg2Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017708 MgZn2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000875 corresponding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/003—Alloys based on aluminium containing at least 2.6% of one or more of the elements: tin, lead, antimony, bismuth, cadmium, and titanium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/12—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent
- C22C21/16—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent with magnesium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/12—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent
- C22C21/18—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent with zinc
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an aluminum alloy for cutting processing containing no Pb, and also related to an aluminum alloy worked article made of the aforementioned aluminum alloy.
- a step of disposing chips is required since continuous chips are generated during the cutting processing. Also required is a step of eliminating burrs which generate at corner portions of an article during the turning processing or at a periphery of drilled holes during the drill processing. Under the circumstances, it has been required to provide an aluminum alloy excellent in cutting processability and in breaking ability of chips which is capable of reducing generation of burrs.
- the present invention has the following structural features.
- the aluminum alloy for cutting processing as recited in the aforementioned Item (1), excellent cutting processability, mechanical characteristics and coating processability can be obtained without adding Pb. Furthermore, the aluminum alloy causes less abrasion and/or damage on a cutting tool.
- the article is made of the aluminum alloy for cutting processing as recited in any one of the aforementioned Items (1) to (7), the article is excellent in cutting processability, mechanical characteristics and coating processability.
- the article is an extruded article excellent in cutting processability, mechanical characteristics and coating processability.
- the article is excellent in surface quality because of the excellent cutting processability of the material.
- the article is excellent in surface quality because of the uniformly formed anodic oxide coating.
- compositions of the aluminum alloy for cutting processing Cu, Zn, Bi, Sn and B are essential elements.
- Cu is an element dissolved as solid dispersion in the aluminum mother phase and also dispersed in the aluminum mother phase as a deposited material such as CuAl 2 created by combining with Al, which improves the mechanical characteristics of the alloy and enhances the cutting processability. Furthermore, the synergistic effects with effects of another solid dispersion type elements further enhance the aforementioned effects. If the content of Cu is less than 1 mass%, the aforementioned effects become poor. To the contrary, if the content exceeds 6.5 mass%, there is a possibility that the corrosion resistance deteriorates. Accordingly, the Cu content should fall within the range of 1 to 6.5 mass%. The preferable Cu content is 4 to 6 mass%.
- Zn is an element dissolved as solid dispersion in the aluminum mother phase and also dispersed in the aluminum mother phase as deposited material such as MgZn 2 created by combining with Mg, which improves the mechanical characteristics of the alloy and enhances the cutting processability. Furthermore, the synergistic effects with effects of another solid dispersion type elements further enhance the aforementioned effects. Furthermore, if the Zn content falls within the range specified by the present invention, the creation rate of an anodic oxide coating can be increased. As a result, the aluminum alloy according to the present invention can be preferably used as a product to be subjected to anodizing for the purpose of improving the corrosion resistance, the ornamentation, etc. If the Zn content is less than 0.05 mass%, the aforementioned effects become poor.
- the Zn content should fall within the range of 0.05 to 1 mass%.
- the preferable Zn content is 0.1 to 0.5 mass%. More preferably, the content exceeds 0.2 mass% but not larger than 0.5 mass%.
- Bi and Sn form a low melting Bi-Sn compound when Bi and Sn coexist, and the compound disperses in the alloy mother phase.
- the dispersed Bi-Sn compound is melted by heat generated during the cutting processing, resulting in fusion embrittlement of the chips, which enhances the chips breakability.
- the contents of these elements should fall within the range of Bi: 0.1 to 1 mass% and Sn: 0.1 to 1 mass%. If each content is less than the lower limit, the aforementioned effects become poor. To the contrary, if each content exceeds the upper limit, the casting characteristics deteriorate remarkably.
- the preferable Bi content and Sn content are Bi: 0.2 to 0.8 mass% and Sn: 0.2 to 0.8 mass%.
- B has an effect of improving the cutting processability of the alloy by fining the casting structure to thereby form fine crystallized objects.
- the aforementioned effects can be obtained by adding a small amount of B. If the B content exceeds 100 mass ppm, a tool life may deteriorate due to the abrasion or the breakage of the tool. Accordingly, the B content is 3 to 10 mass ppm.
- any one or two or more of the elements selected from the group consisting of four (4) elements, Fe, Mg, Si and Ti, can be added to the basic compositions of the aluminum alloy containing the aforementioned five (5) essential elements.
- Fe can disperse Si, which is effective in breakability of chips, as a single particle since a relatively small amount of Fe can be combined with Si when Fe coexists with Si, which enables excellent breakability of the chips. Furthermore, although Fe is an element inevitably contained in an aluminum alloy, if the Fe content falls within the range of 0.05 to 1 mass%, no special step for decreasing the Fe content is required since the content is an allowable amount for a normal manufacturing quality. An attempt to decrease the Fe content less than 0.05 mass% causes an increased cost.
- the preferable Fe amount is 0.05 to 0.5 mass%.
- Mg is an element dissolved as solid dispersion in the alloy mother phase and dispersed in the mother phase by combining with coexisting Cu or Si, which further improves the strength and the cutting processability of the aluminum alloy. If the Mg content is less than 0.01 mass%, the aforementioned effects become poor. To the contrary, if the Mg content exceeds 0.3 mass%, the hot-workability deteriorates. Accordingly, the Mg content should be 0.01 to 0.3 mass%. The preferable Mg content is 0.01 to 0.1 mass%.
- Si except for an amount required to form a compound, is dispersed in the alloy mother phase as single particles since only a small amount of Si is dissolved into an aluminum, which enhances the strength and the cutting processability of the aluminum alloy. Especially, Si forms Mg 2 Si by the coexistence with Mg to increase the strength. Furthermore, dispersion of eutectic Si further enhances the aforementioned cutting processability improving effect. If the Si content is less than 0.05 mass%, the aforementioned effect becomes poor. To the contrary, if the Si content exceeds 1 mass%, although the cutting processability can be improved, abrasion or damage of a cutting tool becomes marked, resulting in a short tool life and deteriorated hot-workability. Accordingly, the Si content should be 0.05 to 1 mass%. The preferable Si content is 0.05 to 0.5 mass%.
- Ti fines an ingot texture and forms fine crystallized objects by the recrystallization restrain effect, which improves the mechanical characteristics and the cutting processability of the aluminum alloy. Furthermore, Ti has an effect of improving the corrosion resistance. If the Ti content is less than 0.01 mass%, the recrystallization depression effect deteriorates, causing, for example, an easy formation of rough recrystallization grains on a surface of an extruded article, which destabilizes the chips breakability in the cross-sectional direction. Furthermore, if the Ti content is less than 0.01 mass%, mechanical characteristics improving effect and corrosion resistance improving effect become poor. To the contrary, if the Ti content exceeds 0.5 mass%, there is a possibility that the casting workability of an extruding billet or the like deteriorates. Accordingly, the Ti content should fall within the range of 0.01 to 0.5 mass%. The preferable Ti content is 0.01 to 0.1 mass%.
- compositions of the aluminum alloy for cutting processing according to the present invention are, for example, inevitable impurities and Al.
- the aluminum alloy for cutting processing according to the present invention can be melted, cast into an ingot such as a slab or a billet, subjected to a surface cutting, soaking and then formed into a predetermined shape by plastic processing such as an extrusion or rolling by a common procedure.
- the heat treating, aging treating, washing, etc. , in the aforementioned steps can also be performed by a common procedure.
- the formed aluminum alloy material can be used widely as various products via cutting or anodizing processing as needed.
- the application examples include optical equipment parts such as lens frames, lens spacing tubes (camera cones), camera tripod fixing screws, office automation equipment parts or electronics device parts such as flanges for magnet rolls, square nuts for connectors or external screw tubes.
- optical device parts can be manufactured by, for example, extruding an aluminum alloy ingot into a bar-shaped extruded article or an annular-shaped extruded article, then cutting off these extruded articles and subjecting to cutting operation and thereafter subjecting to anodizing treatment.
- the aluminum alloy worked article according to the present invention is an article obtained by forming the aforementioned aluminum alloy for cutting processing into a predetermined configuration, or further forming an anodic oxide coating thereon for the purpose of improving the corrosion resistance and ornamentation.
- the aluminum alloy worked article can be preferably used as the aforementioned various applications.
- the aluminum alloy worked article can be obtained by forming the material alloy by any method. Examples include a cut article formed by cutting an extruded article or a raw material and a rolled article.
- the kind of material to be subjected to cutting processing is not limited to a specific one and can be any material such as an extruded material or a rolled material. At the time of cutting processing, generation of burrs can be suppressed, resulting in easy processing, which in turn results in a worked article with excellent surface quality.
- an anodic oxide coating can be formed on a surface by anodizing the worked article after the forming processing. Since the worked article is formed by material alloy excellent in coat processing workability, a uniform coating can be formed quickly. Thus, effects due to the coating formation such as an improvement of the corrosion resistance and/or the ornamentation can be obtained at the maximum, resulting in a worked article with excellent surface quality.
- the conditions of anodizing are not limited to specific ones, and any known method can be employed.
- Aluminum alloys having compositions Nos. A1 to A30 shown in Table 1 were prepared.
- the alloy Nos. A1 to A21 according to the compositions of the present invention includes Cu, Zn, Bi, Sn, B and the balance being Al and impurities. wherein A18 is outside the scope of the present invention.
- the alloy Nos. A22 to A30 are comparative compositions.
- the aluminum alloys Nos. A1 to A30 shown in Table 1 were used as casting materials, and extruding billets each having a diameter of 200 mm were cast by a common procedure and then subjected to a homogenizing treatment. Thereafter, the billets were extruded into bars each having a diameter of 30 mm. Subsequently, these bars were subjected to a solution treatment for 5 hours at 495 °C, and then subjected to water quenching. Then, these bars were drawn into 25 mm in diameter to thereby obtain T3 processed materials. Further, the obtained materials were subjected to artificial ageing processing for 14 hours at 130°C to thereby obtain T8 processed materials. These T8 processed materials were used as test pieces.
- Each test piece was subjected to wet cutting at cutting speed: 150m/min., feed rate: 0.2 mm/rev., cut depth: 1.0 mm. Then, the breakability of chips is examined by the number of chips/100 g, and the cutting processability was evaluated by the breakability of chips.
- Each test piece was continuously subjected to dry cutting using high-speed steel single edge byte for five minutes under the conditions of cutting speed: 200 m/min., feed rate: 0.2 mm/rev., cut depth: 3 mm. Then, the abrasion width of the flank of the byte was measured.
- Each piece was subjected to anodic oxidation coating processing by a common procedure, and the coating processability was evaluated by the thickness of the created anodic oxidation coating.
- the aluminum alloy for cutting processing according to the present invention has excellent cutting processability and mechanical strength equivalent to or superior to A2011 alloy without adding Pb, (2) abrasion of a tool due to cutting processing can be suppressed, and (3) the aluminum alloy has excellent corrosion resistance and anodic oxidation coating processability.
- Aluminum alloys having compositions Nos. B1 to B26 shown in Table 2 were prepared. In the alloy Nos. B1 to B11, four optional elements (Fe, Mg, Si, Ti) are added to the basic compositions of alloy No. A3. In the alloy Nos. B12 to B22, four optional elements are added to the basic compositions of alloy No. A19. The alloy Nos. B23 to B26 are comparative compositions.
- the casting surface quality of the cast billet was poor, and the quality of the extruded test piece was also poor.
- the workability at the time of extrusion was poor, causing great difficulty to form.
- the abrasion of the cutting tool was heavy.
- the casting workability f the billet was poor, causing great difficulty to cast a billet.
- the aluminum alloy according to the present invention is excellent in cutting processability, mechanical characteristics and coating processability, and therefore the aluminum alloy can be widely used as materials for various aluminum articles. Furthermore, since the aluminum alloy does not contain Pb, it is recommended to use it from the view point of environmental conservation.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Extrusion Of Metal (AREA)
- Nonmetal Cutting Devices (AREA)
- Conductive Materials (AREA)
- Turning (AREA)
- Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- The present invention relates to an aluminum alloy for cutting processing containing no Pb, and also related to an aluminum alloy worked article made of the aforementioned aluminum alloy.
- In cutting processing of aluminum alloy materials, a step of disposing chips is required since continuous chips are generated during the cutting processing. Also required is a step of eliminating burrs which generate at corner portions of an article during the turning processing or at a periphery of drilled holes during the drill processing. Under the circumstances, it has been required to provide an aluminum alloy excellent in cutting processability and in breaking ability of chips which is capable of reducing generation of burrs.
- In order to enhance the cutting processability of an aluminum alloy, conventionally, it has been performed to add Pb which is a low-melting element to an aluminum alloy. One example of such an aluminum alloy containing Pb, which is excellent in cutting processability, is A2011 alloy (JIS (Japanese Industrial Standards) H4040). However, from the viewpoint of global environment protection, it is preferable to avoid manufacturing and using such an aluminum alloy containing Pb which is a harmful element. Considering the above, for example, an aluminum alloy in which the Pb content is controlled or an aluminum alloy to which Bi or Sn is added in place of Pb has been developed (see, e.g.,
JP H2-85331 A JP 2000-328168 A JP 2001-240931 A - However, since enough cutting processability cannot be obtained by the aforementioned non-Pb-containing aluminum alloys, further improvement is expected. Furthermore, since cut aluminum alloy materials may sometimes be subjected to anodic oxide coating processing, it is also required to improve characteristics such as coating creation efficiency other than cutting processability to quickly create a uniform anodic oxide coating.
- Documents
US6113850 ,JP2001-107169 JP63312945 - In view of the aforementioned technical background, it is an object of the present invention to provide an aluminum alloy excellent in cutting processability containing no Pb and in coating processability, and also to provide an aluminum alloy worked article made of the aforementioned aluminum alloy.
- In order to attain the aforementioned objects, the present invention has the following structural features.
- (1) An aluminium alloy for cutting processing, the aluminium alloy consisting of Cu: 1 to 6.5 mass%, Zn: 0.05 to 1 mass%, Bi: 0.1 to 1 mass%, Sn: 0.1 to 1 mass%, B: 3-10 mass ppm, and optionally including at least one element as a selective additional element selected from the group consisting of Fe: 0.05 to 1 mass%, Mg: 0.01 to 0.3 mass%, Si: 0.05 to 1 mass% and Ti: 0.01 to 0.5 mass%, and the balance being aluminium and impurities.
- (2) The aluminum alloy for cutting processing as recited in the aforementioned Item (1), further including at least one element as a selective additional element selected from the group consisting of Fe: 0.05 to 1 mass%, Mg: 0.01 to 0.3 mass%, Si: 0.05 to 1 mass% and Ti: 0.01 to 0.5 mass%.
- (3) The aluminum alloy for cutting processing as recited in the aforementioned Item (2), wherein the Mg content is 0.01 to 0.1 mass%.
- (4) The aluminum alloy for cutting processing as recited in any one of the aforementioned Items (1) to (3), wherein the Cu content is 4 to 6 mass%.
- (5) The aluminum alloy for cutting processing as recited in any one of the aforementioned Items (1) to (4), wherein the Zn content is 0.1 to 0.5 mass%.
- (6) The aluminum alloy for cutting processing as recited in any one of the aforementioned Items (1) to (5), wherein the Bi content is 0.2 to 0.8 mass%.
- (7) The aluminum alloy for cutting processing as recited in any one of the aforementioned Items (1) to (6), wherein the Sn content is 0.2 to 0.8 mass%.
- (8) An aluminum alloy worked article made of the aluminum alloy for cutting processing as recited in any one of the aforementioned Items (1) to (7).
- (9) The aluminum alloy worked article as recited in the aforementioned Item (8), wherein the aluminum alloy worked article is an extruded article.
- (10) The aluminum alloy worked article as recited in the aforementioned Item (8), wherein the aluminum alloy worked article is a cut article made by cutting a raw material.
- (11) The aluminum alloy worked article as recited in any one of the aforementioned Items (8) to (10), wherein the aluminum alloy worked article has an anodic oxide coating formed on a surface thereof.
- According to the aluminum alloy for cutting processing as recited in the aforementioned Item (1), excellent cutting processability, mechanical characteristics and coating processability can be obtained without adding Pb. Furthermore, the aluminum alloy causes less abrasion and/or damage on a cutting tool.
- According to the aluminum alloy for cutting processing as recited in the aforementioned Item (2), further enhanced cutting processability can be obtained, and no special step for decreasing the amount of inevitably contained Fe is required.
- According to the aluminum alloy for cutting processing as recited in the aforementioned Item (3), extremely excellent strength and cutting processability can be obtained.
- According to the aluminum alloy for cutting processing as recited in the aforementioned Item (4), extremely excellent cutting processability and mechanical characteristics can be obtained.
- According to the aluminum alloy for cutting processing as recited in the aforementioned Item (5), extremely excellent cutting processability, mechanical characteristics and coating processability can be obtained.
- According to the aluminum alloy for cutting processing as recited in the aforementioned Item (6), extremely excellent cutting processability can be obtained.
- According to the aluminum alloy for putting processing as recited in the aforementioned Item (7), extremely excellent cutting processability can be obtained.
- According to the aluminum alloy worked article as recited in the aforementioned Item (8), since the article is made of the aluminum alloy for cutting processing as recited in any one of the aforementioned Items (1) to (7), the article is excellent in cutting processability, mechanical characteristics and coating processability.
- According to the aluminum alloy worked article as recited in the aforementioned Item (9), the article is an extruded article excellent in cutting processability, mechanical characteristics and coating processability.
- According to the aluminum alloy worked article as recited in the aforementioned Item (10), the article is excellent in surface quality because of the excellent cutting processability of the material.
- According to the aluminum alloy worked article as recited in the aforementioned Item (11), the article is excellent in surface quality because of the uniformly formed anodic oxide coating.
- Hereinafter, the reasons for adding each element in the aluminum alloy for cutting processing according to the present invention and the reasons for limiting the content thereof will be detailed.
- In the compositions of the aluminum alloy for cutting processing, Cu, Zn, Bi, Sn and B are essential elements.
- Cu is an element dissolved as solid dispersion in the aluminum mother phase and also dispersed in the aluminum mother phase as a deposited material such as CuAl2 created by combining with Al, which improves the mechanical characteristics of the alloy and enhances the cutting processability. Furthermore, the synergistic effects with effects of another solid dispersion type elements further enhance the aforementioned effects. If the content of Cu is less than 1 mass%, the aforementioned effects become poor. To the contrary, if the content exceeds 6.5 mass%, there is a possibility that the corrosion resistance deteriorates. Accordingly, the Cu content should fall within the range of 1 to 6.5 mass%. The preferable Cu content is 4 to 6 mass%.
- Zn is an element dissolved as solid dispersion in the aluminum mother phase and also dispersed in the aluminum mother phase as deposited material such as MgZn2 created by combining with Mg, which improves the mechanical characteristics of the alloy and enhances the cutting processability. Furthermore, the synergistic effects with effects of another solid dispersion type elements further enhance the aforementioned effects. Furthermore, if the Zn content falls within the range specified by the present invention, the creation rate of an anodic oxide coating can be increased. As a result, the aluminum alloy according to the present invention can be preferably used as a product to be subjected to anodizing for the purpose of improving the corrosion resistance, the ornamentation, etc. If the Zn content is less than 0.05 mass%, the aforementioned effects become poor. To the contrary, if the Zn content exceeds 1 mass%, the creation rate of an anodic oxide coating tends to be saturated. Accordingly, the Zn content should fall within the range of 0.05 to 1 mass%. The preferable Zn content is 0.1 to 0.5 mass%. More preferably, the content exceeds 0.2 mass% but not larger than 0.5 mass%.
- Bi and Sn form a low melting Bi-Sn compound when Bi and Sn coexist, and the compound disperses in the alloy mother phase. The dispersed Bi-Sn compound is melted by heat generated during the cutting processing, resulting in fusion embrittlement of the chips, which enhances the chips breakability. The contents of these elements should fall within the range of Bi: 0.1 to 1 mass% and Sn: 0.1 to 1 mass%. If each content is less than the lower limit, the aforementioned effects become poor. To the contrary, if each content exceeds the upper limit, the casting characteristics deteriorate remarkably. The preferable Bi content and Sn content are Bi: 0.2 to 0.8 mass% and Sn: 0.2 to 0.8 mass%.
- B has an effect of improving the cutting processability of the alloy by fining the casting structure to thereby form fine crystallized objects. The aforementioned effects can be obtained by adding a small amount of B. If the B content exceeds 100 mass ppm, a tool life may deteriorate due to the abrasion or the breakage of the tool. Accordingly, the B content is 3 to 10 mass ppm.
- In the aforementioned aluminum alloy for cutting processing, for the purpose of further improving various characteristics of the alloy, any one or two or more of the elements selected from the group consisting of four (4) elements, Fe, Mg, Si and Ti, can be added to the basic compositions of the aluminum alloy containing the aforementioned five (5) essential elements.
- Fe can disperse Si, which is effective in breakability of chips, as a single particle since a relatively small amount of Fe can be combined with Si when Fe coexists with Si, which enables excellent breakability of the chips. Furthermore, although Fe is an element inevitably contained in an aluminum alloy, if the Fe content falls within the range of 0.05 to 1 mass%, no special step for decreasing the Fe content is required since the content is an allowable amount for a normal manufacturing quality. An attempt to decrease the Fe content less than 0.05 mass% causes an increased cost. To the contrary, if the Fe content exceeds 1 mass%, a casting surface of a casting article such as a billet deteriorates, and the amount of the compounds with Si increases, causing decreased Si single particles, which in turn causes a deterioration of the breakability of chips. The preferable Fe amount is 0.05 to 0.5 mass%.
- Mg is an element dissolved as solid dispersion in the alloy mother phase and dispersed in the mother phase by combining with coexisting Cu or Si, which further improves the strength and the cutting processability of the aluminum alloy. If the Mg content is less than 0.01 mass%, the aforementioned effects become poor. To the contrary, if the Mg content exceeds 0.3 mass%, the hot-workability deteriorates. Accordingly, the Mg content should be 0.01 to 0.3 mass%. The preferable Mg content is 0.01 to 0.1 mass%.
- Si, except for an amount required to form a compound, is dispersed in the alloy mother phase as single particles since only a small amount of Si is dissolved into an aluminum, which enhances the strength and the cutting processability of the aluminum alloy. Especially, Si forms Mg2Si by the coexistence with Mg to increase the strength. Furthermore, dispersion of eutectic Si further enhances the aforementioned cutting processability improving effect. If the Si content is less than 0.05 mass%, the aforementioned effect becomes poor. To the contrary, if the Si content exceeds 1 mass%, although the cutting processability can be improved, abrasion or damage of a cutting tool becomes marked, resulting in a short tool life and deteriorated hot-workability. Accordingly, the Si content should be 0.05 to 1 mass%. The preferable Si content is 0.05 to 0.5 mass%.
- Ti fines an ingot texture and forms fine crystallized objects by the recrystallization restrain effect, which improves the mechanical characteristics and the cutting processability of the aluminum alloy. Furthermore, Ti has an effect of improving the corrosion resistance. If the Ti content is less than 0.01 mass%, the recrystallization depression effect deteriorates, causing, for example, an easy formation of rough recrystallization grains on a surface of an extruded article, which destabilizes the chips breakability in the cross-sectional direction. Furthermore, if the Ti content is less than 0.01 mass%, mechanical characteristics improving effect and corrosion resistance improving effect become poor. To the contrary, if the Ti content exceeds 0.5 mass%, there is a possibility that the casting workability of an extruding billet or the like deteriorates. Accordingly, the Ti content should fall within the range of 0.01 to 0.5 mass%. The preferable Ti content is 0.01 to 0.1 mass%.
- If at least any one or plural elements to be arbitrarily selected from the aforementioned four (4) elements are added to the aforementioned essential five (5) elements, corresponding effects can be obtained.
- The remaining compositions of the aluminum alloy for cutting processing according to the present invention are, for example, inevitable impurities and Al.
- The aluminum alloy for cutting processing according to the present invention can be melted, cast into an ingot such as a slab or a billet, subjected to a surface cutting, soaking and then formed into a predetermined shape by plastic processing such as an extrusion or rolling by a common procedure. The heat treating, aging treating, washing, etc. , in the aforementioned steps can also be performed by a common procedure. The formed aluminum alloy material can be used widely as various products via cutting or anodizing processing as needed. The application examples include optical equipment parts such as lens frames, lens spacing tubes (camera cones), camera tripod fixing screws, office automation equipment parts or electronics device parts such as flanges for magnet rolls, square nuts for connectors or external screw tubes. The aforementioned optical device parts can be manufactured by, for example, extruding an aluminum alloy ingot into a bar-shaped extruded article or an annular-shaped extruded article, then cutting off these extruded articles and subjecting to cutting operation and thereafter subjecting to anodizing treatment.
- The aluminum alloy worked article according to the present invention is an article obtained by forming the aforementioned aluminum alloy for cutting processing into a predetermined configuration, or further forming an anodic oxide coating thereon for the purpose of improving the corrosion resistance and ornamentation. As mentioned above, since the material alloy is excellent in mechanical characteristics, cutting processability and surface processing workability due to the chemical compositions, the aluminum alloy worked article can be preferably used as the aforementioned various applications.
- The aluminum alloy worked article can be obtained by forming the material alloy by any method. Examples include a cut article formed by cutting an extruded article or a raw material and a rolled article. The kind of material to be subjected to cutting processing is not limited to a specific one and can be any material such as an extruded material or a rolled material. At the time of cutting processing, generation of burrs can be suppressed, resulting in easy processing, which in turn results in a worked article with excellent surface quality.
- In the aluminum alloy worked article, an anodic oxide coating can be formed on a surface by anodizing the worked article after the forming processing. Since the worked article is formed by material alloy excellent in coat processing workability, a uniform coating can be formed quickly. Thus, effects due to the coating formation such as an improvement of the corrosion resistance and/or the ornamentation can be obtained at the maximum, resulting in a worked article with excellent surface quality. The conditions of anodizing are not limited to specific ones, and any known method can be employed.
- Aluminum alloys having compositions Nos. A1 to A30 shown in Table 1 were prepared. The alloy Nos. A1 to A21 according to the compositions of the present invention includes Cu, Zn, Bi, Sn, B and the balance being Al and impurities. wherein A18 is outside the scope of the present invention. The alloy Nos. A22 to A30 are comparative compositions.
- The aluminum alloys Nos. A1 to A30 shown in Table 1 were used as casting materials, and extruding billets each having a diameter of 200 mm were cast by a common procedure and then subjected to a homogenizing treatment. Thereafter, the billets were extruded into bars each having a diameter of 30 mm. Subsequently, these bars were subjected to a solution treatment for 5 hours at 495 °C, and then subjected to water quenching. Then, these bars were drawn into 25 mm in diameter to thereby obtain T3 processed materials. Further, the obtained materials were subjected to artificial ageing processing for 14 hours at 130°C to thereby obtain T8 processed materials. These T8 processed materials were used as test pieces.
- On each obtained test piece, mechanical characteristics of 0.2% proof stress, tensile strength and elongation after fracture were measured, and cutting processability, abrasion of a tool, corrosion resistance and coating processability were examined according to the below-mentioned method. Then, these results were compared with characteristics of an extruded article of A2011 alloy (JIS (Japanese Industrial Standards) H4040) containing Pb and relatively evaluated by the following four grades.
- ⊚: Excellent
- ○: Equivalent
- Δ: Slightly inferior
- ×: Inferior
- Each test piece was subjected to wet cutting at cutting speed: 150m/min., feed rate: 0.2 mm/rev., cut depth: 1.0 mm. Then, the breakability of chips is examined by the number of chips/100 g, and the cutting processability was evaluated by the breakability of chips.
- Each test piece was continuously subjected to dry cutting using high-speed steel single edge byte for five minutes under the conditions of cutting speed: 200 m/min., feed rate: 0.2 mm/rev., cut depth: 3 mm. Then, the abrasion width of the flank of the byte was measured.
- Neutral salt spray test based on JIS (Japanese Industrial Standards) Z2371 was performed, and the corrosion resistance of each test piece was evaluated by the mass loss by 1,000 hours spray.
- Each piece was subjected to anodic oxidation coating processing by a common procedure, and the coating processability was evaluated by the thickness of the created anodic oxidation coating.
-
- From the results shown in Table 1, it has been confirmed that (1) the aluminum alloy for cutting processing according to the present invention has excellent cutting processability and mechanical strength equivalent to or superior to A2011 alloy without adding Pb, (2) abrasion of a tool due to cutting processing can be suppressed, and (3) the aluminum alloy has excellent corrosion resistance and anodic oxidation coating processability.
- Aluminum alloys having compositions Nos. B1 to B26 shown in Table 2 were prepared. In the alloy Nos. B1 to B11, four optional elements (Fe, Mg, Si, Ti) are added to the basic compositions of alloy No. A3. In the alloy Nos. B12 to B22, four optional elements are added to the basic compositions of alloy No. A19. The alloy Nos. B23 to B26 are comparative compositions.
- These aluminum alloys were used as casting materials, and test pieces were manufactured by the same method as the aforementioned test A. Then, on each test piece, mechanical characteristics, cutting processability, abrasion of a tool, corrosion resistance and coating processability were examined in the same method as Test A. Then, the results of the alloy Nos. B1 to B11, B23 to B26 were compared with the result of the alloy No. A3 as a comparative material, and the results of the alloy Nos. B12 to B22 were compared with the result of the alloy No. A19 as a comparative material. These relative evaluations are shown by the following four grades. ⊚: Excellent
- ○: Equivalent
- Δ: Slightly inferior
- ×: Inferior
-
- From the results shown in Table 2, it has been confirmed that cutting processability and mechanical characteristics can be further improved by adding Fe, Mg, Si, Ti to the basic compositions. Furthermore, according to the alloys Nos. B1, B2, B12 and B13, it has been confirmed that if the Fe content falls within the range as defined by the present invention an aluminum alloy for cutting processing can be obtained without no special step.
- To the contrary, in the alloy No. B23, the casting surface quality of the cast billet was poor, and the quality of the extruded test piece was also poor. In the alloys Nos. B24 and B25, the workability at the time of extrusion was poor, causing great difficulty to form. In addition, in the alloy No. B25, the abrasion of the cutting tool was heavy. In the alloy No. B26, the casting workability f the billet was poor, causing great difficulty to cast a billet.
- The terms and expressions which have been employed herein are used as terms of description and not of limitation, and there is no intent, in the use of such terms and expressions, of excluding any of the equivalents of the features shown and described or portions thereof, but it is recognized that various modifications are possible within the scope of the invention claimed.
- The aluminum alloy according to the present invention is excellent in cutting processability, mechanical characteristics and coating processability, and therefore the aluminum alloy can be widely used as materials for various aluminum articles. Furthermore, since the aluminum alloy does not contain Pb, it is recommended to use it from the view point of environmental conservation.
Claims (11)
- An aluminium alloy for cutting processing, the aluminium alloy consisting of Cu: 1 to 6.5 mass%, Zn: 0.05 to 1 mass%, Bi: 0.1 to 1 mass%, Sn: 0.1 to 1 mass%, B: 3-10 mass ppm, and optionally including at least one element as a selective additional element selected from the group consisting of Fe: 0.05 to 1 mass%, Mg: 0.01 to 0.3 mass%, Si: 0.05 to 1 mass% and Ti: 0.01 to 0.5 mass%, and the balance being aluminium and impurities.
- An aluminium alloy for cutting processing as recited in claim 1, further including at least one element as a selective additional element selected from the group consisting of Fe: 0.05 to 1 mass%, Mg: 0.01 to 0.3 mass%, Si: 0.05 to 1 mass% and Ti: 0.01 to 0.5 mass%, and the balance being aluminium and impurities.
- The aluminium alloy for cutting processing as recited in claim 1 or 2, wherein the Mg content is 0.01 to 0.1 mass%.
- The aluminium alloy for cutting processing as recited in any of claims 1 to 3, wherein the Cu content is 4 to 6 mass%.
- The aluminium alloy for cutting processing as recited in any of claims 1 to 4, wherein the Zn content is 0.1 to 0.5 mass%.
- The aluminium alloy for cutting processing as recited in any of claims 1 to 5, wherein the Bi content is 0.2 to 0.8 mass%.
- The aluminium alloy for cutting processing as recited in any of claims 1 to 6, wherein the Sn content is 0.2 to 0.8 mass%.
- An aluminium alloy worked article made of the aluminium alloy for cutting processing as recited in any of claims 1 to 7.
- The aluminium alloy worked article as recited in claim 8, wherein the aluminium alloy worked article is an extruded article.
- The aluminium alloy worked article as recited in claim 8, wherein the aluminium alloy worked article is a cut article made by cutting a raw material.
- An aluminium alloy worked article as recited in any one of claims 8 to 10, wherein the aluminium alloy worked article has an anodic oxide coating formed on a surface thereof.
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2002296268 | 2002-10-09 | ||
JP2002296268 | 2002-10-09 | ||
US48363503P | 2003-07-01 | 2003-07-01 | |
US483635P | 2003-07-01 | ||
PCT/JP2003/012938 WO2004033740A1 (en) | 2002-10-09 | 2003-10-09 | Aluminum alloy for cutting processing, and aluminum alloy worked article made of the same |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1549778A1 EP1549778A1 (en) | 2005-07-06 |
EP1549778A4 EP1549778A4 (en) | 2006-04-05 |
EP1549778B1 true EP1549778B1 (en) | 2009-08-19 |
Family
ID=32095416
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP03754054A Expired - Lifetime EP1549778B1 (en) | 2002-10-09 | 2003-10-09 | Aluminum alloy for cutting processing, and aluminum alloy worked article made of the same |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20060108030A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1549778B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE440155T1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU2003272094A1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE60328902D1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2004033740A1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN106609330A (en) * | 2015-10-12 | 2017-05-03 | 中国航空工业集团公司北京航空材料研究院 | Damage-resistant aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof |
CN106609329A (en) * | 2015-10-12 | 2017-05-03 | 中国航空工业集团公司北京航空材料研究院 | Damage-resistant aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof |
Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN103710597A (en) * | 2013-12-17 | 2014-04-09 | 芜湖万润机械有限责任公司 | Preparation method of aluminum alloy profile for high-power LED (light-emitting diode) lamp substrate |
CN103710652A (en) * | 2013-12-17 | 2014-04-09 | 芜湖万润机械有限责任公司 | Method for preparing aluminum alloy sections with high damage resistance |
US9359686B1 (en) | 2015-01-09 | 2016-06-07 | Apple Inc. | Processes to reduce interfacial enrichment of alloying elements under anodic oxide films and improve anodized appearance of heat treatable alloys |
US11352708B2 (en) | 2016-08-10 | 2022-06-07 | Apple Inc. | Colored multilayer oxide coatings |
US11242614B2 (en) | 2017-02-17 | 2022-02-08 | Apple Inc. | Oxide coatings for providing corrosion resistance on parts with edges and convex features |
CN111218592A (en) * | 2020-02-28 | 2020-06-02 | 同曦集团有限公司 | Free-cutting aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS63312945A (en) * | 1987-06-17 | 1988-12-21 | Kobe Steel Ltd | Non heat treatment type high strength free cutting aluminum alloy for cold forging and its production |
US6113850A (en) * | 1993-03-22 | 2000-09-05 | Aluminum Company Of America | 2XXX series aluminum alloy |
US5803994A (en) * | 1993-11-15 | 1998-09-08 | Kaiser Aluminum & Chemical Corporation | Aluminum-copper alloy |
CZ286150B6 (en) * | 1996-09-09 | 2000-01-12 | Alusuisse Technology & Management Ag | Aluminium alloy with excellent machinability |
JP2001107169A (en) * | 1999-09-30 | 2001-04-17 | Showa Alum Corp | Free-cutting aluminum alloy and method for producing alloy material thereof |
JP3969672B2 (en) * | 2002-04-15 | 2007-09-05 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | Aluminum alloy wrought material with excellent hot forgeability and machinability |
EP1359233B1 (en) * | 2002-04-25 | 2006-12-13 | Furukawa-Sky Aluminum Corp. | Aluminium alloy with good cuttability, method for producing a forged article and the forged article obtained |
JP3773914B2 (en) * | 2002-04-25 | 2006-05-10 | 古河スカイ株式会社 | Aluminum alloy excellent in machinability, its forging method and its forged product |
-
2003
- 2003-10-09 WO PCT/JP2003/012938 patent/WO2004033740A1/en active Application Filing
- 2003-10-09 AU AU2003272094A patent/AU2003272094A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-10-09 EP EP03754054A patent/EP1549778B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-10-09 AT AT03754054T patent/ATE440155T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2003-10-09 US US10/530,484 patent/US20060108030A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-10-09 DE DE60328902T patent/DE60328902D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN106609330A (en) * | 2015-10-12 | 2017-05-03 | 中国航空工业集团公司北京航空材料研究院 | Damage-resistant aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof |
CN106609329A (en) * | 2015-10-12 | 2017-05-03 | 中国航空工业集团公司北京航空材料研究院 | Damage-resistant aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof |
CN106609330B (en) * | 2015-10-12 | 2018-04-10 | 中国航空工业集团公司北京航空材料研究院 | A kind of damnification resistant aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof |
CN106609329B (en) * | 2015-10-12 | 2018-06-26 | 中国航空工业集团公司北京航空材料研究院 | A kind of damnification resistant aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1549778A4 (en) | 2006-04-05 |
EP1549778A1 (en) | 2005-07-06 |
AU2003272094A1 (en) | 2004-05-04 |
ATE440155T1 (en) | 2009-09-15 |
DE60328902D1 (en) | 2009-10-01 |
WO2004033740A1 (en) | 2004-04-22 |
US20060108030A1 (en) | 2006-05-25 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
JP6955483B2 (en) | High-strength aluminum alloy extruded material with excellent corrosion resistance and good hardenability and its manufacturing method | |
JP6085365B2 (en) | Improved free-cutting wrought aluminum alloy product and manufacturing method thereof | |
US20080187456A1 (en) | Extruded material of a free-cutting aluminum alloy excellent in embrittlement resistance at a high temperature | |
JPH108175A (en) | Aluminum alloy excellent in machinability and its manufacture | |
EP1549778B1 (en) | Aluminum alloy for cutting processing, and aluminum alloy worked article made of the same | |
AU2017367371B2 (en) | Aluminum alloy for extruded material, extruded material using the same, and method for producing extruded material | |
SK62596A3 (en) | Lead-free 6xxx aluminum alloy | |
JP2009013503A (en) | Aluminum alloy extruded material for machining, machined article made of aluminum alloy, and valve material for automotive part | |
JP3886270B2 (en) | High corrosion resistance aluminum alloy with excellent machinability | |
KR101712328B1 (en) | Aluminium alloy having an excellent processibility | |
WO2006100859A1 (en) | Process for producing continuous magnesium material | |
EP1359233B1 (en) | Aluminium alloy with good cuttability, method for producing a forged article and the forged article obtained | |
JP2004292847A (en) | Aluminum alloy extruded material for machining, machined article made of aluminum alloy, and valve material for automotive part | |
JP4268007B2 (en) | Aluminum alloy for cutting and aluminum alloy processed products | |
JP2002047524A (en) | Aluminum alloy extrusion material for machine parts having excellent strength, machinability and clinching property | |
US5262124A (en) | Alloy suited for use in water service and having improved machinability and forming properties | |
JP2003147468A (en) | Al-Mg-Si ALUMINUM ALLOY EXTRUSION MATERIAL FOR CUTTING | |
CN1703528A (en) | Aluminum alloy for machining and aluminum alloy machined product made therewith | |
KR102004603B1 (en) | Aluminium alloy having an excellent processibility | |
JP3379901B2 (en) | Al-Mg-Si alloy extruded material excellent in cutting workability and method for producing the same | |
JP5007708B2 (en) | Free-cutting aluminum alloy | |
JP2011038130A (en) | Aluminum alloy having excellent machinability and high temperature embrittlement resistance | |
JPS59193236A (en) | Free cutting aluminum alloy and preparation thereof | |
JP3453607B2 (en) | High-strength aluminum alloy extruded material with excellent chip breaking performance | |
EP3259379B1 (en) | An item made from a metal alloy |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 20050408 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IT LI LU MC NL PT RO SE SI SK TR |
|
AX | Request for extension of the european patent |
Extension state: AL LT LV MK |
|
DAX | Request for extension of the european patent (deleted) | ||
A4 | Supplementary search report drawn up and despatched |
Effective date: 20060220 |
|
17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 20061130 |
|
GRAP | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1 |
|
GRAS | Grant fee paid |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR3 |
|
RIN1 | Information on inventor provided before grant (corrected) |
Inventor name: MATSUOKA, HIDEAKI Inventor name: YAMANAKA, MASAKI,C/O OYAMA REGIONAL OFFICE, SHOWA Inventor name: YOSHIOKA, HIROKI,C/O OYAMA REGIONAL OFFICE, SHOWA |
|
GRAA | (expected) grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: B1 Designated state(s): AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IT LI LU MC NL PT RO SE SI SK TR |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: GB Ref legal event code: FG4D |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: EP |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: IE Ref legal event code: FG4D |
|
REF | Corresponds to: |
Ref document number: 60328902 Country of ref document: DE Date of ref document: 20091001 Kind code of ref document: P |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: NV Representative=s name: PATENTANWAELTE SCHAAD, BALASS, MENZL & PARTNER AG |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: AT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20090819 Ref country code: SE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20090819 Ref country code: ES Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20091130 Ref country code: FI Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20090819 |
|
NLV1 | Nl: lapsed or annulled due to failure to fulfill the requirements of art. 29p and 29m of the patents act | ||
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SI Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20090819 Ref country code: NL Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20090819 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: CY Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20090819 Ref country code: PT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20091221 Ref country code: BG Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20091119 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: RO Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20090819 Ref country code: EE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20090819 Ref country code: DK Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20090819 Ref country code: CZ Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20090819 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: MC Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20091031 Ref country code: SK Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20090819 |
|
PLBE | No opposition filed within time limit |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: BE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20090819 |
|
26N | No opposition filed |
Effective date: 20100520 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20091009 Ref country code: GR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20091120 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Payment date: 20101006 Year of fee payment: 8 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20090819 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Payment date: 20101006 Year of fee payment: 8 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: LU Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20091009 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: HU Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20100220 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: TR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20090819 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: CH Payment date: 20111012 Year of fee payment: 9 Ref country code: FR Payment date: 20111103 Year of fee payment: 9 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: PL |
|
GBPC | Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 20121009 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: ST Effective date: 20130628 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20130501 Ref country code: LI Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20121031 Ref country code: CH Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20121031 Ref country code: GB Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20121009 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: R119 Ref document number: 60328902 Country of ref document: DE Effective date: 20130501 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20121031 |