CN111218592A - Free-cutting aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Free-cutting aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111218592A CN111218592A CN202010128320.0A CN202010128320A CN111218592A CN 111218592 A CN111218592 A CN 111218592A CN 202010128320 A CN202010128320 A CN 202010128320A CN 111218592 A CN111218592 A CN 111218592A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/10—Alloys based on aluminium with zinc as the next major constituent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/03—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/06—Making non-ferrous alloys with the use of special agents for refining or deoxidising
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/053—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with zinc as the next major constituent
Abstract
The invention provides a cutting aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof, wherein the aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 1.0 to 2.5 percent of Mg, 5.5 to 7.5 percent of Zn, 0.2 to 1.0 percent of Sn, 0.3 to 0.5 percent of Bi, 0.02 to 0.1 percent of In, 0.01 to 0.05 percent of Ti, less than or equal to 0.15 percent of impurity element Si, less than or equal to 0.10 percent of Cu, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of Mn, less than or equal to 0.15 percent of Fe, inevitable impurity elements and the balance of Al. The aluminum alloy has good free-cutting performance, good anodic oxidation performance and excellent mechanical performance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of aluminum alloy manufacturing, relates to an aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof, and particularly relates to a free-cutting aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Free-cutting aluminum alloys are widely used for various precision metal parts due to their good cutting processability, good surface smoothness of the product, high precision and small specific gravity. The conventional free-cutting aluminum alloys 6262M and 6012 contain Pb, Bi and other elements, and although the alloy has good processability, Pb is a harmful element to human bodies, is limited to use internationally and pollutes the environment. With the improvement of environmental protection requirements of countries in the world, toxic element lead is forbidden to be produced and used by European Union and other countries, and the development of the novel lead-free-cutting aluminum alloy aims to replace toxic metal lead by green and environment-friendly components, thereby being beneficial to the global environmental protection. The free-cutting high-strength alloy is suitable for manufacturing large-batch parts processed by an automatic cutting machine tool, and in the cutting process, the high-strength free-cutting aluminum alloy can compensate trade and remove chips, so that the service life of a cutter can be prolonged, the finish of a processed surface can be improved, and meanwhile, the original design of a high-strength product can be reduced, and the final production cost can be reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems in the prior art, the invention provides the free-cutting aluminum alloy and the preparation method thereof.
In order to achieve the technical effect, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
one of the purposes of the invention is to provide a free-cutting aluminum alloy, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 1.0 to 2.5 percent of Mg, 5.5 to 7.5 percent of Zn, 0.2 to 1.0 percent of Sn, 0.3 to 0.5 percent of Bi, 0.02 to 0.1 percent of In, 0.01 to 0.05 percent of Ti0.01 percent of Ti, less than or equal to 0.15 percent of impurity element Si, less than or equal to 0.10 percent of Cu, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of Mn, less than or equal to 0.15 percent of Fe, inevitable impurity elements and the balance of Al.
Wherein, the mass percentage of Mg may be 1.1%, 1.2%, 1.5%, 1.8%, 2.0%, 2.2%, 2.4%, etc., the mass percentage of Zn may be 5.6%, 5.8%, 6.0%, 6.2%, 6.5%, 6.8%, 7.0%, 7.2%, 7.4%, etc., the mass percentage of Sn may be 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5%, 0.6%, 0.7%, 0.8%, 0.9%, etc., the mass percentage of Bi may be 0.32%, 0.35%, 0.38%, 0.4%, 0.42%, 0.45%, 0.48%, etc., the mass percentage of In may be 0.03%, 0.04%, 0.05%, 0.06%, 0.07%, 0.08%, 0.09%, etc., the mass percentage of Ti may be 0.015%, 0.02%, 0.025%, 0.03%, 0.04%, 0.05%, 0.06%, 0.07%, 0.08%, 0.05%, 0.02%, 0.01%, 0.05%, 0.02%, 14%, etc., 14%, 14, 12%, 14, 12, etc., 1, 14, 1, 14, etc., 0.02%, 0.03%, 0.04%, etc., and the Fe content may be 0.01%, 0.02%, 0.05%, 0.08%, 0.1%, 0.12%, 0.14%, etc., but the Fe content is not limited to the above-mentioned values, and other values not listed in the above-mentioned ranges of values are also applicable.
In the present invention, the mass fraction of each element in the inevitable impurities in the free-cutting aluminum alloy is not more than 0.05%.
In the invention, the Al MgZn intermediate phase in the alloy strictly plays a strengthening role by Mg and Zn elements to improve the mechanical strength and hardness of the alloy. The Al-Ti-B grain refining material can obviously refine the grain structure, is more convenient to control the components by adding the SnBiIn ternary intermediate alloy, replaces the commonly used Pb element (RoHS limiting element), plays a role in optimizing the alloy cutting performance, ensures that the material is easy to break and does not wind a cutter during processing. Elements such as Cr, Zr and the like are not used, so that the final extruded structure can form an equiaxial recrystallized structure, and a good anodic oxidation surface treatment effect is easy to form; the indium element can improve the corrosion resistance of the alloy.
The second purpose of the invention is to provide a preparation method of the free-cutting aluminum alloy, which comprises the following steps:
(1) after melting metal aluminum, adding metal magnesium, metal zinc, metal tin, metal bismuth and metal indium into the obtained aluminum liquid, wherein the tin, the bismuth and the indium are added in a form of ternary intermediate alloy and mixed to obtain aluminum alloy liquid;
(2) refining the aluminum alloy liquid obtained in the step (1), standing, adding an aluminum-boron-titanium alloy for refining, and then degassing and filtering to obtain a casting liquid;
(3) and (3) performing semi-continuous casting on the casting liquid obtained in the step (2), performing homogenization treatment after first cooling, performing hot extrusion treatment on the aluminum alloy rod after second cooling, performing two-stage aging treatment after third cooling, and performing fourth cooling to obtain the free-cutting aluminum alloy.
According to the invention, the preparation method adopts the traditional DC aluminum bar production, homogenization treatment, heat treatment, secondary aging treatment, cutting processing, subsequent surface treatment and the like, so that the comprehensive production cost is lower, and meanwhile, the final product can obtain more uniform tissues, so that the alloy has excellent strength and hardness.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the temperature for melting the aluminum metal in step (1) is 720 to 750 ℃, for example, 725 ℃, 730 ℃, 735 ℃, 740 ℃, or 745 ℃, but the invention is not limited to the above-mentioned values, and other values not shown in the above-mentioned range are also applicable.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the mixing in step (1) is performed by stirring.
Preferably, the stirring time is 20-30 min, such as 21min, 22min, 23min, 24min, 25min, 26min, 27min, 28min or 29min, but not limited to the recited values, and other values not recited in the range of values are also applicable.
Preferably, the slag-removing agent is added after the stirring for blowing and stirring.
Preferably, the amount of the slag removing agent is 1 to 1.5 kg/ton of molten aluminum, such as 1.1 kg/ton of molten aluminum, 1.2 kg/ton of molten aluminum, 1.3 kg/ton of molten aluminum, or 1.4 kg/ton of molten aluminum, but not limited to the recited values, and other values not recited in the range of the values are also applicable.
In the invention, the aluminum liquid in the unit kg/ton of aluminum liquid represents the aluminum alloy liquid in the step (2).
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the refining in the step (2), blowing refining is performed using argon gas and a sodium-free refining agent.
Preferably, the sodium-free refining agent is added in an amount of 2-4 kg/ton of molten aluminum, such as 2.2 kg/ton of molten aluminum, 2.5 kg/ton of molten aluminum, 2.8 kg/ton of molten aluminum, 3 kg/ton of molten aluminum, 3.2 kg/ton of molten aluminum, 3.5 kg/ton of molten aluminum, or 3.8 kg/ton of molten aluminum, but not limited to the recited values, and other values not recited in the range of values are also applicable.
Preferably, the time for the hammering is 10-30 min, such as 12min, 15min, 18min, 20min, 22min, 25min or 28min, but not limited to the recited values, and other values not recited in the range of the values are also applicable.
Preferably, the standing in the step (2) is to carry out slag skimming after standing for 5-10 min and then to carry out standing for 5-15 min.
The time for the first standing may be 6min, 7min, 8min or 9min, and the time for the first standing may be 6min, 7min, 8min, 9min, 10min, 11min, 12min, 13min or 14min, but is not limited to the recited values, and other unrecited values within the above numerical ranges are also applicable.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the adding amount of the aluminum-boron-titanium alloy in the step (2) is 2-6 kg/ton of aluminum liquid, such as 2.5 kg/ton of aluminum liquid, 3 kg/ton of aluminum liquid, 3.5 kg/ton of aluminum liquid, 4 kg/ton of aluminum liquid, 4.5 kg/ton of aluminum liquid, 5 kg/ton of aluminum liquid or 5.5 kg/ton of aluminum liquid, but not limited to the recited values, and other unrecited values in the numerical value range are also applicable.
Preferably, the speed of the rotor of the degasser used for degassing in the degassing filtration in the step (2) is 100-200 rpm, such as 110rpm, 120rpm, 130rpm, 140rpm, 150rpm, 160rpm, 170rpm, 180rpm or 190rpm, and the flow rate of argon is 0.5-0.8 m3H, e.g. 0.55m3/h、0.6m3/h、0.65m3/h、0.7m3H or 0.75m3And/h, etc., but are not limited to the recited values, and other values not recited within the numerical range are equally applicable.
Preferably, the degassing filtration uses a ceramic foam filter plate or a tubular filter.
Preferably, the porosity of the ceramic foam filter plate is 40 to 60ppi, such as 42ppi, 45ppi, 48ppi, 50ppi, 52ppi, 55ppi or 58ppi, but not limited to the recited values, and other values not recited in this range are also applicable.
Preferably, the candle filter is class B.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the temperature of the semi-continuous casting in step (3) is 690 to 710 ℃, for example, 692 ℃, 695 ℃, 698 ℃, 700 ℃, 702 ℃, 705 ℃, or 708 ℃, but is not limited to the values listed, and other values not listed in the numerical range are also applicable.
Preferably, the speed of the semi-continuous casting in step (3) is 50-70 mm/min, such as 52mm/min, 55mm/min, 58mm/min, 60mm/min, 62mm/min, 65mm/min or 68mm/min, but is not limited to the recited values, and other non-recited values in the range of the values are also applicable.
Preferably, the pressure of the cooling water for the first cooling in step (3) is 0.5 to 0.8MPa, such as 0.55MPa, 0.6MPa, 0.65MPa, 0.7MPa or 0.75MPa, but not limited to the values listed, and other values not listed in the range of the values are also applicable.
Preferably, the temperature of the homogenization treatment in step (3) is 475 to 490 ℃, such as 476 ℃, 478 ℃, 480 ℃, 482 ℃, 485 ℃, 488 ℃ or the like, but is not limited to the recited values, and other values not recited in the range of the values are also applicable.
Preferably, the time for the homogenization treatment in step (3) is 12-24 h, such as 13h, 15h, 18h, 20h or 22h, but is not limited to the recited values, and other values not recited in the range of the values are also applicable.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the temperature of the aluminum alloy rod in the hot extrusion treatment in the step (3) is 410 to 450 ℃, for example, 415 ℃, 420 ℃, 425 ℃, 430 ℃, 435 ℃, 440 ℃, or 445 ℃, but is not limited to the above-mentioned values, and other values not shown in the above-mentioned value range are also applicable.
Preferably, the temperature of the mold in the hot extrusion process in step (3) is 400 to 420 ℃, such as 402 ℃, 405 ℃, 408 ℃, 410 ℃, 412 ℃, 415 ℃ or 418 ℃, but not limited to the recited values, and other values not recited in the range of the values are also applicable.
Preferably, the temperature of the extrusion cylinder in the hot extrusion treatment in step (3) is 380 to 420 ℃, such as 385 ℃, 390 ℃, 395 ℃, 400 ℃, 405 ℃, 410 ℃ or 415 ℃, but not limited to the recited values, and other values not recited in the range of the values are also applicable.
Preferably, the extrusion speed in the hot extrusion process in step (3) is 3-6 m/min, such as 3.5m/min, 4m/min, 4.5m/min, 5m/min or 5.5m/min, but not limited to the recited values, and other values not recited in the range of the values are also applicable.
Preferably, the hot extrusion process of step (3) has a compression ratio of 30 to 60, such as 35, 40, 45, 50 or 55, but not limited to the recited values, and other values not recited in the recited values are also applicable.
Preferably, the temperature of the cooling water in the third cooling in the step (3) is less than 40 ℃.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the two-stage aging treatment in step (3), the first-stage aging temperature is 100 to 110 ℃, such as 101 ℃, 102 ℃, 103 ℃, 104 ℃, 105 ℃, 106 ℃, 107 ℃, 108 ℃ or 109 ℃, and the time is 4 to 8 hours, such as 4.5 hours, 5 hours, 5.5 hours, 6 hours, 6.5 hours, 7 hours or 7.5 hours, but the present invention is not limited to the recited values, and other values not recited in the above numerical ranges are also applicable.
Preferably, in the two-stage aging treatment in step (3), the second-stage aging temperature is 150 to 170 ℃, such as 152 ℃, 155 ℃, 158 ℃, 160 ℃, 162 ℃, 165 ℃ or 168 ℃, and the time is 4 to 8 hours, such as 4.5 hours, 5 hours, 5.5 hours, 6 hours, 6.5 hours, 7 hours or 7.5 hours, but the two-stage aging treatment is not limited to the recited values, and other values not recited in the above numerical ranges are also applicable.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) melting metal aluminum at 720-750 ℃, adding metal magnesium, metal zinc, metal tin, metal bismuth and metal indium into the obtained aluminum liquid, wherein the tin, the bismuth and the indium are added in a form of ternary intermediate alloy, and stirring and mixing for 20-30 min to obtain aluminum alloy liquid;
(2) blowing and refining the aluminum alloy liquid obtained in the step (1) for 10-30 min by using argon and a sodium-free refining agent, wherein the addition amount of the sodium-free refining agent is 2-4 kg/ton of aluminum liquid, standing for 5-10 min, slagging off, standing for 5-15 min, adding an aluminum-boron-titanium alloy for refining, wherein the addition amount of the aluminum-boron-titanium alloy is 2-6 kg/ton of aluminum liquid, and degassing and filtering to obtain a casting liquid;
wherein the speed of a rotor in the degassing machine for degassing in degassing filtration is 100-200 rpm, and the flow of argon is 0.5-0.8 m3The filtration operation in the degassing filtration uses a foamed ceramic filter plate or a tubular filter, the porosity of the foamed ceramic filter plate is 40-60 ppi, and the tubular filter is B-grade;
(3) performing semi-continuous casting on the casting liquid obtained in the step (2), wherein the speed of the semi-continuous casting is 50-70 mm/min, performing homogenization treatment after first cooling, wherein the temperature of the homogenization treatment is 475-490 ℃, the time is 12-24 h, performing hot extrusion treatment on the aluminum alloy rod after second cooling, performing double-stage aging treatment after third cooling, wherein the first-stage aging temperature is 100-110 ℃, the time is 4-8 h, the second-stage aging temperature is 150-170 ℃, the time is 4-8 h, and performing fourth cooling to obtain the free-cutting aluminum alloy;
wherein the temperature of the aluminum alloy rod in the hot extrusion treatment is 410-450 ℃, the temperature of the die is 400-420 ℃, the temperature of the extrusion cylinder is 380-420 ℃, the extrusion speed is 3-6 m/min, and the pressure ratio is 30-60.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has at least the following beneficial effects:
(1) the invention provides a free-cutting aluminum alloy which has excellent mechanical strength and hardness, the tensile strength of a final material can reach 470MPa, the yield strength is more than 420MPa, and the hardness of the material can reach more than 140 HB;
(2) the invention provides a preparation method of free-cutting aluminum alloy, which is simple to operate and suitable for industrial production.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of facilitating an understanding of the present invention, the present invention will now be described by way of examples. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the examples are only for the understanding of the present invention and should not be construed as the specific limitations of the present invention.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a free-cutting aluminum alloy which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 1.8 percent of Mg1.8 percent, 6.8 percent of Zn, 0.65 percent of Sn, 0.32 percent of Bi, 0.03 percent of In, 0.015 percent of Ti, less than or equal to 0.15 percent of impurity element Si, less than or equal to 0.10 percent of Cu, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of Mn, less than or equal to 0.15 percent of Fe, inevitable impurity elements and the balance of Al. The mass fraction of each element in the inevitable impurities does not exceed 0.05%.
The embodiment also provides a preparation method of the free-cutting aluminum alloy, which comprises the following steps:
(1) melting an aluminum ingot with 99.7 percent of aluminum content at 730 ℃, adding a magnesium ingot with 99.8 percent of magnesium content, a zinc ingot with 99.9 percent of zinc content and a ternary intermediate alloy Sn65Bi32In3 into the obtained aluminum liquid, electromagnetically stirring and mixing for 20min, adding a slag removing agent for blowing and stirring, wherein the using amount of the slag removing agent is 1 kg/ton of aluminum liquid, standing for 5min, and taking out dross on the surface of the aluminum alloy liquid to obtain the aluminum alloy liquid;
(2) blowing and refining the aluminum alloy liquid obtained in the step (1) for 20min by using argon and a sodium-free refining agent, wherein the addition amount of the sodium-free refining agent is 3 kg/ton of aluminum liquid, standing for 10min, slagging off, standing for 10min, adding an AlTi5B alloy for refining, wherein the addition amount of the AlTi5B alloy is 3 kg/ton of aluminum liquid, and degassing and filtering to obtain a casting liquid;
wherein, the speed of a rotor in the degassing machine for degassing in the degassing and filtering is 150rpm, and the flow of argon is 0.6m3The filtration operation in the degassing filtration uses a ceramic foam filter plate, and the porosity of the ceramic foam filter plate is 60 ppi;
(3) performing semi-continuous casting on the casting liquid obtained in the step (2) at 700 ℃, wherein the speed of the semi-continuous casting is 60mm/min, performing strong water cooling after the semi-continuous casting, the pressure of cooling water is 0.6MPa, then performing homogenization treatment, the temperature of the homogenization treatment is 480 ℃, the time is 20 hours, performing forced cooling on water mist to room temperature to obtain an aluminum alloy rod, performing hot extrusion treatment on the aluminum alloy rod, cooling the aluminum alloy rod to room temperature through water after the hot extrusion treatment, cooling the water to 20 ℃, then performing two-stage aging treatment, wherein the first-stage aging temperature is 105 ℃, the time is 6 hours, the second-stage aging temperature is 155 ℃, the time is 6 hours, and performing air cooling to room temperature to obtain the free-cutting aluminum alloy;
wherein the temperature of the aluminum alloy rod in the hot extrusion treatment is 420 ℃, the temperature of the die is 400 ℃, the temperature of the extrusion cylinder is 400 ℃, the extrusion speed is 6m/min, and the pressurization ratio is 45.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a free-cutting aluminum alloy which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 1.9 percent of Mg1.9 percent, 6.9 percent of Zn, 0.65 percent of Sn, 0.32 percent of Bi, 0.03 percent of In, 0.02 percent of Ti, less than or equal to 0.15 percent of impurity element Si, less than or equal to 0.10 percent of Cu, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of Mn, less than or equal to 0.15 percent of Fe, inevitable impurity elements and the balance of Al. The mass fraction of each element in the inevitable impurities does not exceed 0.05%.
The embodiment also provides a preparation method of the free-cutting aluminum alloy, which comprises the following steps:
(1) melting an aluminum ingot with 99.7 percent of aluminum content at 730 ℃, adding a magnesium ingot with 99.8 percent of magnesium content, a zinc ingot with 99.9 percent of zinc content and a ternary intermediate alloy Sn65Bi32In3 into the obtained aluminum liquid, electromagnetically stirring and mixing for 20min, adding a slag removing agent for blowing and stirring, wherein the using amount of the slag removing agent is 1 kg/ton of aluminum liquid, standing for 5min, and taking out dross on the surface of the aluminum alloy liquid to obtain the aluminum alloy liquid;
(2) blowing and refining the aluminum alloy liquid obtained in the step (1) for 20min by using argon and a sodium-free refining agent, wherein the addition amount of the sodium-free refining agent is 3 kg/ton of aluminum liquid, standing for 10min, slagging off, standing for 10min, adding an AlTi5B alloy for refining, wherein the addition amount of the AlTi5B alloy is 4 kg/ton of aluminum liquid, and degassing and filtering to obtain a casting liquid;
wherein, the speed of a rotor in the degassing machine for degassing in the degassing and filtering is 150rpm, and the flow of argon is 0.6m3The filtration operation in the degassing filtration uses a ceramic foam filter plate, and the porosity of the ceramic foam filter plate is 60 ppi;
(3) performing semi-continuous casting on the casting liquid obtained in the step (2) at 700 ℃, wherein the speed of the semi-continuous casting is 60mm/min, performing strong water cooling after the semi-continuous casting, the pressure of cooling water is 0.6MPa, then performing homogenization treatment, the temperature of the homogenization treatment is 480 ℃, the time is 22 hours, performing forced cooling on water mist to room temperature to obtain an aluminum alloy rod, performing hot extrusion treatment on the aluminum alloy rod, cooling the aluminum alloy rod to room temperature through water after the hot extrusion treatment, cooling the water to 20 ℃, then performing two-stage aging treatment, the temperature of the first-stage aging treatment is 105 ℃, the time is 6 hours, the temperature of the second-stage aging treatment is 155 ℃, the time is 6 hours, and performing air cooling to room temperature to obtain the free-cutting aluminum alloy;
wherein the temperature of the aluminum alloy rod in the hot extrusion treatment is 420 ℃, the temperature of the die is 400 ℃, the temperature of the extrusion cylinder is 400 ℃, the extrusion speed is 5m/min, and the pressurization ratio is 45.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a free-cutting aluminum alloy which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 2.0 percent of Mg2.0 percent, 7.0 percent of Zn, 0.60 percent of Sn, 0.36 percent of Bi, 0.04 percent of In, 0.02 percent of Ti, less than or equal to 0.15 percent of impurity element Si, less than or equal to 0.10 percent of Cu, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of Mn, less than or equal to 0.15 percent of Fe, inevitable impurity elements and the balance of Al. The mass fraction of each element in the inevitable impurities does not exceed 0.05%.
The embodiment also provides a preparation method of the free-cutting aluminum alloy, which comprises the following steps:
(1) melting an aluminum ingot with 99.7 percent of aluminum content at 735 ℃, adding a magnesium ingot with 99.8 percent of magnesium content, a zinc ingot with 99.9 percent of zinc content and Sn60Bi36In4 ternary intermediate alloy into the obtained aluminum liquid, electromagnetically stirring and mixing for 20min, adding a slag removing agent for blowing and stirring, wherein the using amount of the slag removing agent is 1 kg/ton of aluminum liquid, standing for 5min, and taking out dross on the surface of the aluminum alloy liquid to obtain the aluminum alloy liquid;
(2) blowing and refining the aluminum alloy liquid obtained in the step (1) for 20min by using argon and a sodium-free refining agent, wherein the addition amount of the sodium-free refining agent is 3 kg/ton of aluminum liquid, standing for 10min, slagging off, standing for 10min, adding an AlTi5B alloy for refining, wherein the addition amount of the AlTi5B alloy is 4 kg/ton of aluminum liquid, and degassing and filtering to obtain a casting liquid;
wherein, in the degassing filtrationThe speed of a rotor in a degassing machine for degassing is 150rpm, and the flow of argon is 0.6m3The filtration operation in the degassing filtration uses a ceramic foam filter plate, and the porosity of the ceramic foam filter plate is 60 ppi;
(3) performing semi-continuous casting on the casting liquid obtained in the step (2) at 705 ℃, wherein the speed of the semi-continuous casting is 60mm/min, performing strong water cooling after the semi-continuous casting, the pressure of cooling water is 0.6MPa, then performing homogenization treatment, the temperature of the homogenization treatment is 480 ℃, the time is 22 hours, performing forced cooling on water mist to room temperature to obtain an aluminum alloy rod, performing hot extrusion treatment on the aluminum alloy rod, cooling the aluminum alloy rod to room temperature through water after the hot extrusion treatment, cooling the water to 25 ℃, then performing two-stage aging treatment, wherein the first-stage aging temperature is 105 ℃, the time is 6 hours, the second-stage aging temperature is 155 ℃, the time is 6 hours, and performing air cooling to room temperature to obtain the free-cutting aluminum alloy;
wherein the temperature of the aluminum alloy rod in the hot extrusion treatment is 420 ℃, the temperature of the die is 400 ℃, the temperature of the extrusion cylinder is 400 ℃, the extrusion speed is 4.5m/min, and the pressurization ratio is 45.
Example 4
The embodiment provides a free-cutting aluminum alloy which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 2.1 percent of Mg2.1 percent, 7.1 percent of Zn, 0.60 percent of Sn, 0.36 percent of Bi, 0.04 percent of In, 0.02 percent of Ti, less than or equal to 0.15 percent of impurity element Si, less than or equal to 0.10 percent of Cu, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of Mn, less than or equal to 0.15 percent of Fe, inevitable impurity elements and the balance of Al. The mass fraction of each element in the inevitable impurities does not exceed 0.05%.
The embodiment also provides a preparation method of the free-cutting aluminum alloy, which comprises the following steps:
(1) melting an aluminum ingot with 99.7 percent of aluminum content at 735 ℃, adding a magnesium ingot with 99.8 percent of magnesium content, a zinc ingot with 99.9 percent of zinc content and Sn65Bi32In3 ternary intermediate alloy into the obtained aluminum liquid, electromagnetically stirring and mixing for 20min, adding a slag removing agent for blowing and stirring, wherein the using amount of the slag removing agent is 1 kg/ton of aluminum liquid, standing for 5min, and taking out dross on the surface of the aluminum alloy liquid to obtain the aluminum alloy liquid;
(2) blowing and refining the aluminum alloy liquid obtained in the step (1) for 20min by using argon and a sodium-free refining agent, wherein the addition amount of the sodium-free refining agent is 3 kg/ton of aluminum liquid, standing for 10min, slagging off, standing for 10min, adding an AlTi5B alloy for refining, wherein the addition amount of the AlTi5B alloy is 4 kg/ton of aluminum liquid, and degassing and filtering to obtain a casting liquid;
wherein, the speed of a rotor in the degassing machine for degassing in the degassing and filtering is 150rpm, and the flow of argon is 0.6m3The filtration operation in the degassing filtration uses a ceramic foam filter plate, and the porosity of the ceramic foam filter plate is 60 ppi;
(3) performing semi-continuous casting on the casting liquid obtained in the step (2) at 705 ℃, wherein the speed of the semi-continuous casting is 60mm/min, performing strong water cooling after the semi-continuous casting, the pressure of cooling water is 0.6MPa, then performing homogenization treatment, the temperature of the homogenization treatment is 480 ℃, the time is 24 hours, performing forced cooling on water mist to room temperature to obtain an aluminum alloy rod, performing hot extrusion treatment on the aluminum alloy rod, cooling the aluminum alloy rod to room temperature through water after the hot extrusion treatment, cooling the water to 25 ℃, then performing two-stage aging treatment, wherein the first-stage aging temperature is 105 ℃, the time is 6 hours, the second-stage aging temperature is 155 ℃, the time is 6 hours, and performing air cooling to room temperature to obtain the free-cutting aluminum alloy;
wherein the temperature of the aluminum alloy rod in the hot extrusion treatment is 420 ℃, the temperature of the die is 400 ℃, the temperature of the extrusion cylinder is 400 ℃, the extrusion speed is 4.0m/min, and the pressurization ratio is 45.
Each example provides 2 alloy samples in turn, for a total of 8 alloy samples, numbered in turn # 1 to # 8, and table 1 is a list of examples, sample numbers and chemical compositions:
TABLE 1
Using 8 of the above-described examplesPreparation of a sample
According to GB/T228.2-2015, mechanical properties are carried out according to a room temperature test method of the first part of a metal material tensile test, Brinell hardness is measured according to GB/T231.2-2012 Brinell hardness test of metal materials, grain size is measured according to GB/T3247-1982 macrostructure test method of aluminum and aluminum alloy processed products, and cutting particle length is measured according to GB/T2204-1990 metal cutting. Table 2 shows the test results.
TABLE 2
In table 2: UTS is ultimate tensile strength, YTS is yield strength, EL is elongation, HB is brinell hardness number, grain size and cut length are average values.
With the increase of Mg/Zn content, the mechanical property and hardness of the free-cutting high-strength alloy are correspondingly increased, the average grain size is reduced, the cutting length is reduced, the comprehensive performance is improved, and the corresponding extrusion speed is reduced.
The applicant states that the present invention is illustrated by the above examples to show the detailed process equipment and process flow of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above detailed process equipment and process flow, i.e. it does not mean that the present invention must rely on the above detailed process equipment and process flow to be implemented. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that any modification of the present invention, equivalent substitutions of the raw materials of the product of the present invention, addition of auxiliary components, selection of specific modes, etc., are within the scope and disclosure of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The free-cutting aluminum alloy is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass: 1.0 to 2.5 percent of Mg1.0 to 2.5 percent of Zn 5.5 percent of Sn 0.2 to 1.0 percent of Bi 0.3 to 0.5 percent of In 0.02 to 0.1 percent of Ti0.01 to 0.05 percent of impurity element Si less than or equal to 0.15 percent of Cu less than or equal to 0.10 percent of Mn less than or equal to 0.05 percent of Fe less than or equal to 0.15 percent of unavoidable impurity element and the balance of Al.
2. A method of making the free-cutting aluminum alloy of claim 1, comprising the steps of:
(1) after melting metal aluminum, adding metal magnesium, metal zinc, metal tin, metal bismuth and metal indium into the obtained aluminum liquid, wherein the tin, the bismuth and the indium are added in a form of ternary intermediate alloy and mixed to obtain aluminum alloy liquid;
(2) refining the aluminum alloy liquid obtained in the step (1), standing, adding an aluminum-boron-titanium alloy for refining, and then degassing and filtering to obtain a casting liquid;
(3) and (3) performing semi-continuous casting on the casting liquid obtained in the step (2), performing homogenization treatment after first cooling, performing hot extrusion treatment on the aluminum alloy rod after second cooling, performing two-stage aging treatment after third cooling, and performing fourth cooling to obtain the free-cutting aluminum alloy.
3. The preparation method according to claim 2, wherein the temperature for melting the metallic aluminum in the step (1) by heating is 720-750 ℃.
4. The production method according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the mixing in step (1) is carried out by stirring;
preferably, the stirring time is 20-30 min;
preferably, adding a slag-removing agent after stirring for blowing and stirring;
preferably, the dosage of the slag removing agent is 1-1.5 kg/ton of aluminum liquid.
5. The production method according to any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein the refining in step (2) is blow refining using argon gas and a sodium-free refining agent;
preferably, the addition amount of the sodium-free refining agent is 2-4 kg/ton of aluminum liquid;
preferably, the hammering time is 10-30 min;
preferably, the standing in the step (2) is to carry out slag skimming after standing for 5-10 min and then to carry out standing for 5-15 min.
6. The preparation method according to any one of claims 2 to 5, wherein the addition amount of the aluminum-boron-titanium alloy in the step (2) is 2 to 6 kg/ton of aluminum liquid;
preferably, the speed of a rotor in the degassing machine for degassing in the degassing and filtering in the step (2) is 100-200 rpm, and the flow of argon is 0.5-0.8 m3/h；
Preferably, the filtering operation in the degassing filtration uses a ceramic foam filter plate or a tubular filter;
preferably, the porosity of the foamed ceramic filter plate is 40-60 ppi;
preferably, the candle filter is class B.
7. The method according to any one of claims 2 to 6, wherein the temperature of the semi-continuous casting in step (3) is 690 to 710 ℃;
preferably, the speed of the semi-continuous casting in the step (3) is 50-70 mm/min;
preferably, the pressure of the cooling water for the first cooling in the step (3) is 0.5-0.8 MPa;
preferably, the temperature of the homogenization treatment in the step (3) is 475-490 ℃;
preferably, the time of the homogenization treatment in the step (3) is 12-24 h.
8. The production method according to any one of claims 2 to 7, wherein the temperature of the aluminum alloy rod in the hot extrusion treatment of step (3) is 410 to 450 ℃;
preferably, the temperature of the die in the hot extrusion treatment in the step (3) is 400-420 ℃;
preferably, the temperature of the extrusion cylinder in the hot extrusion treatment in the step (3) is 380-420 ℃;
preferably, the extrusion speed in the hot extrusion treatment in the step (3) is 3-6 m/min;
preferably, the pressure ratio in the hot extrusion treatment in the step (3) is 30-60;
preferably, the temperature of the cooling water in the third cooling in the step (3) is less than 40 ℃.
9. The preparation method according to any one of claims 2 to 8, wherein the first stage aging temperature in the two-stage aging treatment in the step (3) is 100 to 110 ℃ and the time is 4 to 8 hours;
preferably, in the two-stage aging treatment in the step (3), the second-stage aging temperature is 150-170 ℃ and the time is 4-8 hours.
10. The method of any one of claims 2 to 9, comprising the steps of:
(1) melting metal aluminum at 720-750 ℃, adding metal magnesium, metal zinc, metal tin, metal bismuth and metal indium into the obtained aluminum liquid, wherein the tin, the bismuth and the indium are added in a form of ternary intermediate alloy, and stirring and mixing for 20-30 min to obtain aluminum alloy liquid;
(2) blowing and refining the aluminum alloy liquid obtained in the step (1) for 10-30 min by using argon and a sodium-free refining agent, wherein the addition amount of the sodium-free refining agent is 2-4 kg/ton of aluminum liquid, standing for 5-10 min, slagging off, standing for 5-15 min, adding an aluminum-boron-titanium alloy for refining, wherein the addition amount of the aluminum-boron-titanium alloy is 2-6 kg/ton of aluminum liquid, and degassing and filtering to obtain a casting liquid;
wherein the speed of a rotor in the degassing machine for degassing in degassing filtration is 100-200 rpm, and the flow of argon is 0.5-0.8 m3The filtration operation in the degassing filtration uses a foamed ceramic filter plate or a tubular filter, the porosity of the foamed ceramic filter plate is 40-60 ppi, and the tubular filter is B-grade;
(3) performing semi-continuous casting on the casting liquid obtained in the step (2), wherein the speed of the semi-continuous casting is 50-70 mm/min, performing homogenization treatment after first cooling, wherein the temperature of the homogenization treatment is 475-490 ℃, the time is 12-24 h, performing hot extrusion treatment on the aluminum alloy rod after second cooling, performing double-stage aging treatment after third cooling, wherein the first-stage aging temperature is 100-110 ℃, the time is 4-8 h, the second-stage aging temperature is 150-170 ℃, the time is 4-8 h, and performing fourth cooling to obtain the free-cutting aluminum alloy;
wherein the temperature of the aluminum alloy rod in the hot extrusion treatment is 410-450 ℃, the temperature of the die is 400-420 ℃, the temperature of the extrusion cylinder is 380-420 ℃, the extrusion speed is 3-6 m/min, and the pressure ratio is 30-60.
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