EP1548383B1 - Kondensator - Google Patents

Kondensator Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1548383B1
EP1548383B1 EP04078483A EP04078483A EP1548383B1 EP 1548383 B1 EP1548383 B1 EP 1548383B1 EP 04078483 A EP04078483 A EP 04078483A EP 04078483 A EP04078483 A EP 04078483A EP 1548383 B1 EP1548383 B1 EP 1548383B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
condenser
pump
steam
exhaust
cooling
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP04078483A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1548383A1 (de
Inventor
Hermanus Gerardus Schaefer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Bronswerk Heat Transfer BV
Original Assignee
Bronswerk Heat Transfer BV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bronswerk Heat Transfer BV filed Critical Bronswerk Heat Transfer BV
Publication of EP1548383A1 publication Critical patent/EP1548383A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1548383B1 publication Critical patent/EP1548383B1/de
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28B—STEAM OR VAPOUR CONDENSERS
    • F28B1/00—Condensers in which the steam or vapour is separate from the cooling medium by walls, e.g. surface condenser
    • F28B1/06—Condensers in which the steam or vapour is separate from the cooling medium by walls, e.g. surface condenser using air or other gas as the cooling medium
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28B—STEAM OR VAPOUR CONDENSERS
    • F28B11/00—Controlling arrangements with features specially adapted for condensers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28B—STEAM OR VAPOUR CONDENSERS
    • F28B9/00—Auxiliary systems, arrangements, or devices
    • F28B9/10—Auxiliary systems, arrangements, or devices for extracting, cooling, and removing non-condensable gases

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a condenser, in particular a vacuum condenser for condensing expanded steam from a steam turbine.
  • Such a condenser is generally known and comprises a steam inlet and an exhaust chamber which are connected with each other via a plurality of cooling tubes connected in parallel, which exhaust chamber is provided with an exhaust opening which is connected to a pump for discharging inert gas, for instance a vacuum pump.
  • the steam inlet is connected to the exit of a steam turbine, so that steam expanded in the steam turbine is conducted via the steam inlet into the cooling tubes.
  • the cooling tubes which are typically provided with cooling fins, are cooled.
  • the cooling capacity of the cooling tubes and the flow rate of the circumfluent air have been chosen such that the steam condenses in the cooling tubes, so that in the part of the cooling tube contiguous to the exhaust chamber, and in the exhaust chamber itself, a lower pressure, typically a reduced pressure, is created. With the aid of this lower pressure, the exit pressure of the steam turbine can be maintained. By lowering this pressure, the efficiency of the steam turbine can be increased.
  • the cooling tubes are conventionally arranged at a slope, for instance in an A-frame, so that the condensation can flow downwards under the influence of gravity.
  • gas that does not condense in the condenser here also designated as inert gas, such as any leakage air, is discharged via a pump.
  • US 5 632 329 discloses a condenser having the features of the preamble of claim 1.
  • SU 145 6736 discloses a condenser, comprising a steam inlet and an exhaust chamber which are connected with each other via a plurality of cooling tubes connected in parallel.
  • the cooling tubes are divided into groups and terminate per group in a separate exhaust chamber having a separate exhaust line.
  • Each exhaust chamber is provided with an exhaust opening to the exhaust line for discharging inert gas that is provided with a baffle to separate non condensing gases from condensate.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a condenser, in particular a vacuum condenser for a steam turbine, with which, while maintaining the advantages mentioned, the disadvantages mentioned can be avoided.
  • the invention provides a condenser according to claim 1.
  • the desired low pressure in the exhaust chamber can be realized with a greater amount of certainty.
  • the inert gas such as leakage air
  • the inert gas accumulates in the exhaust chamber, it is not the magnitude of the leakage or the design of the condenser that is the causative factor of the desired pressure in the exhaust chamber not being achieved, but that as a result of local disturbance of the cooling action, in one or more cooling tubes steam breakthrough can occur whereas this would not be expected having regard to the ample capacity of the whole cooling system.
  • the local disturbance of the cooling capacity can for instance be caused by fouling of the cooling fins on one of the cooling tubes and/or through local impediment of the throughflow of the cooling air.
  • Such local impediment can for instance be the result of a disturbing sidewind load.
  • a supplemental barrier against steam breakthrough is included, with which the pump during use can be screened at least partly from steam breaking through a cooling tube, the pump typically has a sufficient flow rate to exhaust the leakage air from the exhaust chamber and the desired low pressure can be preserved in the exhaust chamber of the condenser.
  • the supplemental barrier can for instance be designed as a flow resistance which can screen the pump from steam breaking through.
  • a flow resistance is preferably placed upstream of the pump and, while leaving clear at least one suction route from steam inlet to pump, closes off at least partly at least one other suction route from steam inlet to pump.
  • the barrier does not need to fully prevent steam breaking through, but at least reduces the amount of steam breaking through, so that the pump can fulfill its task longer.
  • the leakage air from pipes not breaking through will be discharged, so that these pipes can fulfill their function.
  • the barrier can be so dimensioned as to entail hardly any pressure drop when only a small amount of leakage air passes, but to give rise to an inhibitory action in case of a larger amount of steam breaking through. This may already be involved in the use in the case of fixed restrictions, such as a restrictor having a fixed passage.
  • such a flow resistance can be designed as a variable valve, for instance a restrictor which impedes the throughflow when a predetermined flow rate is exceeded, or a thermal valve which impedes the throughflow when a predetermined temperature of the passing medium is exceeded.
  • a thermal valve is preferably arranged adjacent an exhaust chamber, for instance in the part of a cooling tube contiguous to the exhaust chamber, or in a part of the exhaust line to the pump that is contiguous to the exhaust opening.
  • suction routes can already be formed by dividing the cooling tubes into groups and having them terminate per group in a separate exhaust chamber.
  • Such an exhaust chamber can in each case be provided with its own pump.
  • the supplemental barrier is formed in that the split into groups has a mutual barrier action; the restriction is then formed by a multiple steam discharge.
  • Fig. 1 shows a condenser 1 with a so-called A-frame 2 which is arranged at some height above ground level 3, for instance next to a power plant and in close proximity to the exit of a steam turbine.
  • the condenser 1 is provided with two steam inlets 4a, 4b which are each connected, via a series of cooling tubes 5a, 5b placed at a slope, with an exhaust chamber 6.
  • the inclined cooling tubes 5 leaning towards each other give the frame 2 of the condenser 1 the shape of an "A" in side elevation.
  • Arranged at the bottom of the frame 2, between two steam inlets 4a, 4b, are one or more fans 7.
  • ambient air By means of the fans 7, ambient air, as represented in the figure, can be drawn in from below and be blown out via the inside of the frame between the cooling tubes 5.
  • the cooling tubes 5a, 5b are provided at their outer circumference with fins to enlarge their cooling capacity. If the condenser 1 works correctly, a steam plume 8 passes via the steam inlet 4 into the cooling tube 5, where the steam plume 8, as a result of the cooling, thereby creating a reduced pressure or "vacuum", has condensed in the upper part of the cooling tube 5. This is represented in the right-hand portion of the condenser of Fig. 1 . In the figure, the pressure is symbolically represented by 9.
  • This low pressure provides for the suction of new steam from the inlet and thus maintains a low pressure at the turbine exit.
  • the condensate 10 flows down and is discharged from the lowermost point of the condenser 1, optionally to a condensate vessel.
  • inert gas such as leakage air
  • an air exhaust line which is connected via an opening with the central exhaust chamber 6, here a vacuum chamber, by means of a vacuum pump.
  • the supplemental barrier is designed as a flow resistance placed upstream of the pump 13, which, while leaving clear one suction route between steam inlet 4B and pump 13, wholly or partly closes off one or a plurality of other suction routes.
  • the flow resistance is implemented in that each of the cooling tubes 5 is provided with a thermal valve which closes the cooling tube wholly or partly when steam flows through the valve.
  • the thermal valves are arranged at the top of the cooling tubes 5, at a point which is cool and not exposed to steam during normal functioning of the cooler.
  • the thermal valves are arranged in an exit part of the cooling tubes 5, contiguous to the central exhaust chamber 6.
  • a moisture sensor may be provided, for instance an electrical contact, with which a valve is driven.
  • each cooling tube upon steam breakthrough, can be individually closed.
  • fixed restrictions are possible, which, by virtue of their dimensioning, hardly cause a pressure drop upon passage of a small flow of leakage air, but cause a considerable pressure drop upon a greater flow of leakage air.
  • FIG. 2 an embodiment of the invention is shown, in which two separate exhaust chambers 6a, 6b are provided.
  • the exhaust chambers are each connected via a separate exhaust line 12A, 12B with the same pump 13.
  • a thermostatic valve 14A, 14B is included in each line.
  • cooling tube 5A breaks through and the valve 14A, through restriction or at least partial closure of the suction route 4A-5A-6A-12A, screens the pump 13 while leaving clear the suction route 4B-5B-6B-12B-13.
  • Fig. 3 shows a variant of the invention, in which the condenser is provided with separate exhaust chambers 6A, 6B, each connected with a separate pump 13A, 13B.
  • the A-frame has been placed on end and there is a central steam inlet 4.
  • a sidewind load instead of having a negative influence, has a positive influence on the amount of cooling air flowing along the cooling tubes on the weather side.
  • the condenser 1 can for instance be designed as a half "A", with the cooling tubes situated in one plane surface placed at an inclination.
  • the shape and construction of the condenser can be chosen differently, for instance with helically or spirally extending tubes placed horizontally, vertically or at an inclination, with or without joint steam inlets or exhaust chambers.
  • valves having a variable passage for instance restrictors having a fixed passage can be employed.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structure Of Emergency Protection For Nuclear Reactors (AREA)
  • Valve Device For Special Equipments (AREA)
  • Oscillators With Electromechanical Resonators (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)

Claims (9)

  1. Kondensator (1) mit einem Dampfeinlass (4) und mit mehreren Auslasskammern (6), wobei der Dampfeinlass (4) und jede Auslasskammer (6A,6B) über mehrere schrägverlaufende und parallelgeschaltete Kühlrohre (5) miteinander verbunden sind, wobei die Auslasskammern (6) höher angeordnet sind als der Dampfeinlass (4) und mit einer Auslassöffnung versehen sind, die mit einer Pumpe (13) zur Ausgabe von Inertgas verbunden ist, wobei aus dem untersten Punkt des Kondensators (1) Kondensat ausgegeben wird, wobei der Kondensator (1) mit Strömungswiderständen (14) versehen ist, um die Pumpe (13) während des Betriebs vor durch ein Kühlrohr (5) hindurchbrechendem Dampf abzuschirmen, wobei die Kühlrohre (5) in Gruppen unterteilt sind und pro Gruppe in einer separaten Auslasskammer (6A,6B) enden, und wobei zwischen jeder Auslasskammer (6A,6B) und der Pumpe (13) eine separate Auslassleitung (12A,12B) vorhanden ist, in der ein Strömungswiderstand (14A,14B) vorhanden ist, um die Pumpe (13) vor Dampfdurchbruch abzuschirmen.
  2. Kondensator nach Anspruch 1, bei dem die Strömungswiderstände (14A,14B) stromaufwärts der Pumpe (13) platziert sind und, während sie mindestens eine Saugstrecke von dem Dampfeinlass (4) zu der Pumpe (13) freilassen, mindestens eine weitere Saugstrecke von dem Dampfeinlass (4) zu der Pumpe (13) mindestens teilweise schließen.
  3. Kondensator nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, bei dem die Strömungswiderstände (14A,14B) eine Drossel aufweisen.
  4. Kondensator nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, bei dem die Strömungswiderstände (14A,14B) ein verstellbares Ventil aufweisen.
  5. Kondensator nach Anspruch 4, bei dem die Strömungswiderstände (14A,14B) ein Wärmeventil aufweisen, das den Durchfluss erschwert, wenn eine vorbestimmte Temperatur des hindurchtretenden Mediums überschritten wird.
  6. Kondensator nach Anspruch 1, bei dem die Auslasskammern (6A,6B) jeweils mit ihrer eigenen Pumpe (13) versehen sind.
  7. Kondensator nach Anspruch 2, bei dem mehrere Auslasskammern (6A, 6B) mit der gleichen Pumpe (13) verbunden sind.
  8. Kondensator (1) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, bei dem die Rohre (5) dem Rahmen des Kondensators (1) in seitlicher Vertikalansicht die Form eines "A" oder eines umgekehrten "A" verleihen.
  9. Kondensator nach Anspruch 8, bei dem die Luft entlang der Kühlrohre (5) von der Außenseite zur Innenseite des Rahmens (2) gesaugt wird.
EP04078483A 2003-12-22 2004-12-22 Kondensator Not-in-force EP1548383B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL1025109 2003-12-22
NL1025109A NL1025109C2 (nl) 2003-12-22 2003-12-22 Condensor.

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1548383A1 EP1548383A1 (de) 2005-06-29
EP1548383B1 true EP1548383B1 (de) 2008-11-12

Family

ID=34545954

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP04078483A Not-in-force EP1548383B1 (de) 2003-12-22 2004-12-22 Kondensator

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US20050167093A1 (de)
EP (1) EP1548383B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE414251T1 (de)
DE (1) DE602004017692D1 (de)
NL (1) NL1025109C2 (de)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR102055708B1 (ko) * 2018-06-26 2019-12-13 동일플랜트 주식회사 스팀 배기관에 삽입된 히트파이프를 이용한 드래프트 방식 복수기
CN111473657A (zh) * 2020-04-16 2020-07-31 华北电力科学研究院有限责任公司 直接空冷凝汽器防冻系统及方法

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9551532B2 (en) 2012-05-23 2017-01-24 Spx Dry Cooling Usa Llc Modular air cooled condenser apparatus and method
CN109328290A (zh) 2016-06-21 2019-02-12 艾威普科公司 全次级的空气冷却式工业蒸汽冷凝装置
US10024600B2 (en) * 2016-06-21 2018-07-17 Evapco, Inc. Mini-tube air cooled industrial steam condenser
ES2761695T3 (es) * 2016-08-24 2020-05-20 Spg Dry Cooling Belgium Condensador enfriado por aire de tiro inducido
EP3480548B1 (de) * 2017-11-07 2020-05-27 SPG Dry Cooling Belgium Dreistufiger wärmetauscher für einen luftgekühlten kondensator
US11852419B1 (en) * 2018-03-29 2023-12-26 Hudson Products Corporation Air-cooled heat exchanger with tab and slot frame

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2247056A (en) * 1939-10-05 1941-06-24 Gen Electric Condenser control apparatus
US2499169A (en) * 1948-09-11 1950-02-28 Worthington Pump & Mach Corp Variable pressure vent control
US2602590A (en) * 1949-03-03 1952-07-08 Edward J Zeitlin Air vent valve
SU1456736A1 (ru) * 1987-04-15 1989-02-07 Институт ядерной энергетики АН БССР Воздухоохлаждаемый конденсатор парогазовой смеси
DE4439801C2 (de) * 1994-11-08 1996-10-31 Gea Power Cooling Systems Inc Luftbeaufschlagter Trockenkühler
US6588499B1 (en) * 1998-11-13 2003-07-08 Pacificorp Air ejector vacuum control valve

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR102055708B1 (ko) * 2018-06-26 2019-12-13 동일플랜트 주식회사 스팀 배기관에 삽입된 히트파이프를 이용한 드래프트 방식 복수기
CN111473657A (zh) * 2020-04-16 2020-07-31 华北电力科学研究院有限责任公司 直接空冷凝汽器防冻系统及方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1548383A1 (de) 2005-06-29
US20050167093A1 (en) 2005-08-04
ATE414251T1 (de) 2008-11-15
DE602004017692D1 (de) 2008-12-24
NL1025109C2 (nl) 2005-06-23

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