EP1541440B1 - Method of phase modulation of an electrical and electromagnetic resonance circuit, in particular for axle counters - Google Patents

Method of phase modulation of an electrical and electromagnetic resonance circuit, in particular for axle counters Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1541440B1
EP1541440B1 EP03360140A EP03360140A EP1541440B1 EP 1541440 B1 EP1541440 B1 EP 1541440B1 EP 03360140 A EP03360140 A EP 03360140A EP 03360140 A EP03360140 A EP 03360140A EP 1541440 B1 EP1541440 B1 EP 1541440B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
input coupling
coil
switch
oscillating circuit
over
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EP03360140A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1541440A1 (en
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Kassen Oldewurtel
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Alcatel CIT SA
Alcatel Lucent SAS
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Alcatel CIT SA
Alcatel SA
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Priority to AT03360140T priority Critical patent/ATE317788T1/en
Priority to EP03360140A priority patent/EP1541440B1/en
Priority to DE50302424T priority patent/DE50302424D1/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
    • B61L1/00—Devices along the route controlled by interaction with the vehicle or train
    • B61L1/16—Devices for counting axles; Devices for counting vehicles
    • B61L1/167—Circuit details

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for phase modulation of an electromagnetic resonant circuit and an electromagnetic resonant circuit for carrying out the method.
  • the method is particularly suitable for use in axle counting points (axle counters) of rail contacts.
  • axle counters are used to monitor track sections.
  • Each axle counter contains metering points with two rail contacts and one or more evaluation units.
  • Such an axle counter is e.g. in document GB 926,976.
  • Each axle counter monitors a track section assigned to it. If the axle counter detects a passing rail vehicle, the track section is switched to occupied. If the axle counter closest to the direction of travel of the rail vehicle detects the passing rail vehicle, the track section is released again.
  • Electronic rail contacts often consist of two mounted on a running rail, spatially consecutive transmission coils, which are fed with audio frequency alternating currents and two arranged on the respective opposite rail side, inductively coupled to the transmitting coils receiving coils. Depending on a transmitting and a receiving coil together form a pulse.
  • the voltages induced in the receiver coils are fed to an evaluation unit arranged in the vicinity of the rail contact and evaluated there. As an indication of the passing of a vehicle wheel on a rail contact, the temporary drop and the phase rotation of the voltages induced in the receiver coils are evaluated. The falling and the phase rotation of the receiving voltages is due to the coupling between the transmitting and receiving coils when passing a Vehicle wheel.
  • the voltages induced in the receiver coils are converted into digital signals, from which finally direction-dependent counting pulses are derived.
  • the prerequisite for the proper operation of the axle counting systems controlled by the electronic rail contacts is that the amplitude of the reception voltages transmitted from the receiver coils to the evaluation unit does not depend on parameters which have nothing to do with the influence of the vehicle wheels.
  • interference fields can have a negative effect on the operation of the rail contacts. This may be the case in particular if the sensors are influenced by interference fields which are generated, for example, by eddy-current brakes.
  • European patent application 03360046.1 discloses a method for increasing the signal-to-noise ratio at points of delivery of an axle counting system in which an artificially noisy signal is generated on the transmitter side from at least one transmission signal and the noisy signal is converted into the original signal for further processing on the receiver side.
  • the transmission signal has been noisy. Accordingly, the original transmission signal can be reconstructed on the receiver side from the noisy signal.
  • An interference signal is converted on the receiving side into a noise. Hence, no meaningful signal can be obtained from this. This noise can be removed by filtering.
  • the transmission coil of the axle counter has a resonant oscillating circuit in order to achieve a maximum electromagnetic field strength of the transmission signal.
  • the original transmit signal is phase modulated with digital noise, ie, 180 degrees each. So especially with modulation with a so pseudo noise mentioned in a particularly simple manner a broadband, noisy or noisy signal can be generated.
  • phase modulation For such a phase modulation, complex electronic circuits comprising amplifiers and bandpass filters are used in the prior art. Such electronic circuits do not directly modulate the phase of a resonant circuit. They are therefore expensive to manufacture, operate and maintain.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a method for phase modulation of an electrical resonant circuit and an electromagnetic resonant circuit for performing the method, which avoid the disadvantages of the prior art, in particular a 180 degree phase modulation with little effort, preferably for use in axle counters allow ,
  • phase modulation method Pulsenumtastung
  • only a few components are required for a device for carrying out the method according to the invention.
  • the switching is performed such that the switching time is at a current zero crossing of the resonant circuit.
  • the switching is then made when the resonant element, i. the coils of the resonant circuit, are energyless.
  • the voltage application of the coupling coils is made such that after switching results in a 180 ° phase modulation of the resonant circuit. This results in a modulation of the phase such that the electromagnetic field of the resonator coil, a digital noise can be impressed.
  • This is particularly suitable for the application of the method according to the invention for the purposes of an axle counter.
  • an artificial noise of a transmission signal of the resonant circuit preferably in a transmitting coil of a rail contact in a counting point of a Achsterrorismsystems generated.
  • a noisy magnetic field is generated on the transmitter side with the method according to the invention, from the receiving end, the original transmission signal is obtained.
  • Such a magnetic field with a noise character can be generated particularly easily by the fed coil with the noisy signal of a rail contact.
  • the noisy (electrical) transmission signal thus stimulates the transmitting coil.
  • the transmitter coil generates a noisy transmission (magnet) field, which in turn is received by a receiver coil.
  • the transmitting coil generates a magnetic field of constant frequency, which runs around the rail and which is evaluated by the receiver in magnitude and phase
  • the invention generates a magnetic field with noise character, from which by the cancellation of the noise in the evaluation of the received signal, the original signal can be obtained.
  • an electromagnetic resonant circuit having a resonator coil and a first and a second coupling coil.
  • the coupling coils form the primary side and the resonator coil form the secondary side of a transformer.
  • Switching means are provided, which are set up for switching a generator voltage from the first coupling coil to the second coupling coil, such that a magnetic field, which is at least partially opposite to the magnetic field of the first coupling coil, can be generated by the second coupling coil.
  • the coupling coils are connected in series and the switching means each coupling coil a switch, wherein the switches are arranged for connecting the generator voltage to the coupling coils, such that the coils are traversed in the opposite direction by an electric current.
  • This circuit arrangement allows a particularly compact circuit structure of the electromagnetic resonant circuit according to the invention.
  • the switching means to a modulator, wherein the switches are switchable by the modulator.
  • a modulator and switches as switching means allows control of the switching time of the switches e.g. in response to an AC voltage with which the coupling coils are acted upon. This will e.g. enabling a generation of digital noise.
  • the modulator is preferably set up to switch over the switches at a changeover time as a function of the amplitude of the generator voltage.
  • the switching times can be selected so that they are at a current zero crossing of the resonant circuit.
  • the coupling coils are galvanically isolated from the resonance coil.
  • the modulation transmitter ie an arrangement of the coupling coils and the resonator coil can thereby be used for galvanic isolation of, for example, a transmitting coil of a rail contact and a modulation circuit.
  • interference currents which are generated for example by eddy current brakes of a rail vehicle, shielded from the modulation circuit.
  • An axle counting point with an electronic rail contact with a transmitter with an electromagnetic resonant circuit according to the invention considerably increases the safety of rail traffic.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Inductance-Capacitance Distribution Constants And Capacitance-Resistance Oscillators (AREA)
  • Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)

Abstract

The method involves applying a generator voltage to a first input coupling coil (1) of the oscillation circuit, applying a generator voltage to second input coupling coil (2) of the oscillation circuit so that the magnetic field generated by the second input coupling coil opposes that from the first coil, whereby the input coupling coils interact with a resonator coil (3) of the oscillation circuit so that the input coupling coils act as the primary side and the resonator coil as the secondary side of a transformer (10). Independent claims are also included for the following: (A) an electromagnetic oscillation circuit for implementing the inventive method (B) and an axle counting point with an electronic rail contact with an inventive electromagnetic oscillation circuit.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Phasenmodulation eines elektromagnetischen Schwingkreises und einen elektromagnetischen Schwingkreis zur Durchführung des Verfahrens. Das Verfahren eignet sich insbesondere zum Einsatz in Achszählpunkten (Achszählern) von Schienenkontakten.The invention relates to a method for phase modulation of an electromagnetic resonant circuit and an electromagnetic resonant circuit for carrying out the method. The method is particularly suitable for use in axle counting points (axle counters) of rail contacts.

In der Eisenbahnsignaltechnik werden zur Überwachung von Gleisabschnitten unter anderem Achszähler eingesetzt. Jeder Achszähler beinhaltet Zählpunkte mit zwei Schienenkontakten und eine oder mehrere Auswerteeinheiten. Ein derartiger Achszähler wird z.B. in dem Dokument GB 926, 976 offenbart.In railway signaling, among other things, axle counters are used to monitor track sections. Each axle counter contains metering points with two rail contacts and one or more evaluation units. Such an axle counter is e.g. in document GB 926,976.

Jeder Achszähler überwacht einen ihm zugewiesenen Gleisabschnitt. Detektiert der Achszähler ein vorbeifahrendes Schienenfahrzeug, wird der Gleisabschnitt belegt geschaltet. Detektiert der in Fahrtrichtung des Schienenfahrzeugs nächstgelegene Achszähler das vorbeifahrende Schienenfahrzeug, wird der Gleisabschnitt wieder frei geschaltet.Each axle counter monitors a track section assigned to it. If the axle counter detects a passing rail vehicle, the track section is switched to occupied. If the axle counter closest to the direction of travel of the rail vehicle detects the passing rail vehicle, the track section is released again.

Beim Vorüberlaufen eines Fahrzeugrades werden nacheinander zwei benachbarte Schienenkontakte betätigt und dabei werden zwei sich zeitlich überlappende Impulse ausgelöst. Diese Impulse werden in der Auswerteeinheit hinsichtlich ihrer Amplitude bewertet und in Zählimpulse umgesetzt, wobei die durch die Fahrrichtung der vorüberlaufenden Fahrzeugachsen gegebene Folge der Impulse die jeweilige Zählrichtung der Impulse bestimmt.When passing a vehicle wheel successively two adjacent rail contacts are actuated and thereby two temporally overlapping pulses are triggered. These pulses are evaluated in the evaluation unit in terms of their amplitude and converted into counts, wherein the given by the direction of travel of the passing vehicle axles sequence of pulses determines the respective counting direction of the pulses.

Elektronische Schienenkontakte bestehen häufig aus zwei an einer Fahrschiene angebrachten, räumlich hintereinander liegenden Sendespulen, die mit tonfrequenten Wechselströmen gespeist werden und zwei auf der jeweils gegenüberliegenden Schienenseite angeordneten, mit den Sendespulen induktiv gekoppelten Empfangsspulen. Je eine Sende- und eine Empfangsspule bilden gemeinsam einen Impulsgeber. Die in den Empfangsspulen induzierten Spannungen werden einer in der Nähe des Schienenkontaktes angeordneten Auswerteeinheit zugeführt und dort bewertet. Als Indiz für das Vorüberlaufen eines Fahrzeugrades an einem Schienenkontakt wird das vorübergehende Abfallen und die Phasendrehung der in den Empfangsspulen induzierten Spannungen gewertet. Das Abfallen und die Phasendrehung der Empfangsspannungen ist bedingt durch die Kopplung zwischen den Sende- und Empfangsspulen beim Passieren eines Fahrzeugrades. Die in den Empfangsspulen induzierten Spannungen werden in digitale Signale umgesetzt, aus denen schließlich fahrrichtungsabhängige Zählimpulse abgeleitet werden.Electronic rail contacts often consist of two mounted on a running rail, spatially consecutive transmission coils, which are fed with audio frequency alternating currents and two arranged on the respective opposite rail side, inductively coupled to the transmitting coils receiving coils. Depending on a transmitting and a receiving coil together form a pulse. The voltages induced in the receiver coils are fed to an evaluation unit arranged in the vicinity of the rail contact and evaluated there. As an indication of the passing of a vehicle wheel on a rail contact, the temporary drop and the phase rotation of the voltages induced in the receiver coils are evaluated. The falling and the phase rotation of the receiving voltages is due to the coupling between the transmitting and receiving coils when passing a Vehicle wheel. The voltages induced in the receiver coils are converted into digital signals, from which finally direction-dependent counting pulses are derived.

Voraussetzung für einen ordnungsgemäßen Betrieb der von den elektronischen Schienenkontakten gesteuerten Achszählanlagen ist es, dass die von den Empfangsspulen an die Auswerteeinheit weitergegebenen Empfangsspannungen in ihrer Amplitude nicht auch von Parametern abhängig sind, die mit der Beeinflussung durch die Fahrzeugräder nichts zu tun haben. Insbesondere können sich Störfelder negativ auf die Funktionsweise der Schienenkontakte auswirken. Dies kann insbesondere dann der Fall sein, wenn die Sensoren durch Störfelder, die beispielsweise durch Wirbelstrombremsen erzeugt werden, beeinflusst werden.The prerequisite for the proper operation of the axle counting systems controlled by the electronic rail contacts is that the amplitude of the reception voltages transmitted from the receiver coils to the evaluation unit does not depend on parameters which have nothing to do with the influence of the vehicle wheels. In particular, interference fields can have a negative effect on the operation of the rail contacts. This may be the case in particular if the sensors are influenced by interference fields which are generated, for example, by eddy-current brakes.

Aus der europäischen Patentanmeldung 03360046.1 ist ein Verfahren zur Erhöhung des Störabstands bei Zählpunkten eines Achszählsystems, bei dem senderseitig mindestens aus einem Sendesignal ein künstlich verrauschtes Signal erzeugt wird und empfängerseitig das verrauschte Signal in das ursprüngliche Signal für die weitere Verarbeitung umgesetzt wird, bekannt. Im Empfänger ist es bekannt, auf welche Art und Weise das Sendesignal verrauscht wurde. Entsprechend kann empfängerseitig aus dem verrauschten Signal das ursprüngliche Sendesignal rekonstruiert werden. Ein Störsignal wird empfangsseitig in ein Rauschen umgewandelt. Daraus kann also kein sinnvolles Signal gewonnen werden. Dieses Rauschen kann durch Filtern beseitigt werden.
Die Sendespule des Achszählers weist einen resonanten Schwingkreis auf, um eine maximale elektromagnetische Feldstärke des Sendesignals zu erreichen. Ohne einen derartigen resonanten Schwingkreis könnten bei Achszählem lediglich 10 Prozent der Sendeleistung erreicht werden. Das ursprüngliche Sendesignal wird mit einem digitalen Rauschen, d.h. jeweils um 180 Grad, phasenmoduliert. So kann insbesondere bei Modulation mit einem so genannten Pseudo-Noise auf besonders einfache Art und Weise ein breitbandiges, verrauschtes bzw. rauschartiges Signal erzeugt werden.European patent application 03360046.1 discloses a method for increasing the signal-to-noise ratio at points of delivery of an axle counting system in which an artificially noisy signal is generated on the transmitter side from at least one transmission signal and the noisy signal is converted into the original signal for further processing on the receiver side. In the receiver, it is known in what way the transmission signal has been noisy. Accordingly, the original transmission signal can be reconstructed on the receiver side from the noisy signal. An interference signal is converted on the receiving side into a noise. Hence, no meaningful signal can be obtained from this. This noise can be removed by filtering.
The transmission coil of the axle counter has a resonant oscillating circuit in order to achieve a maximum electromagnetic field strength of the transmission signal. Without such a resonant resonant circuit, only 10 percent of the transmission power could be achieved with axle counters. The original transmit signal is phase modulated with digital noise, ie, 180 degrees each. So especially with modulation with a so pseudo noise mentioned in a particularly simple manner a broadband, noisy or noisy signal can be generated.

Stand der TechnikState of the art

Für eine derartige Phasenmodulation werden im Stand der Technik komplexe elektronische Schaltungen, die Verstärker und Bandpass- Filter umfassen eingesetzt. Derartige elektronische Schaltkreise modulieren die Phase eines Schwingkreis nicht direkt. Sie sind daher in Herstellung, Betrieb und Wartung aufwendig.For such a phase modulation, complex electronic circuits comprising amplifiers and bandpass filters are used in the prior art. Such electronic circuits do not directly modulate the phase of a resonant circuit. They are therefore expensive to manufacture, operate and maintain.

Aufgabe der ErfindungObject of the invention

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, ein Verfahren zur Phasenmodulation eines elektrischen Schwingkreises und einen elektromagnetischen Schwingkreis zur Durchführung des Verfahrens bereitzustellen, die die Nachteile des Standes der Technik vermeiden, insbesondere die eine 180 Grad Phasenmodulation mit geringem Aufwand, bevorzugt für den Einsatz in Achszählern, ermöglichen.The object of the invention is to provide a method for phase modulation of an electrical resonant circuit and an electromagnetic resonant circuit for performing the method, which avoid the disadvantages of the prior art, in particular a 180 degree phase modulation with little effort, preferably for use in axle counters allow ,

Gegenstand der ErfindungSubject of the invention

Gelöst wird diese Aufgabe erfindungsgemäß durch ein Verfahren zur Phasenmodulation eines elektromagnetischen Schwingkreises mit den Verfahrensschritten:

  • Spannungsbeaufschlagung einer ersten Einkopplungsspule des Schwingkreises mit einer Generatorspannung,
  • Spannungsbeaufschlagung einer zweiten Einkopplungsspule des Schwingkreises mit einer Generatorspannung derart, dass von der zweiten Einkopplungsspule ein mindestens teilweise zum magnetischen Feld der ersten Einkopplungsspule entgegengesetztes magnetisches Feld erzeugt wird, wobei die Einkopplungsspulen mit einer Resonatorspule des Schwingkreises derart zusammenwirken, dass die Einkopplungsspulen als Primärseite und die Resonatorspule als Sekundärseite eines Transformators wirken.

Dabei wird die Spannungsbeaufschlagung der zweiten Einkopplungsspule durch Umschalten der Generatorspannung von der ersten Einkopplungsspule auf die zweite Einkopplungsspule zu einem Umschaltzeitpunkt, bevorzugt nach einem Modulationssignal, vorgenommen. Der durch die beschriebene Spulenanordnung gebildete Transformator wirkt als Modulationsüberträger. Um die entgegengesetzten Felder zu erzeugen, sind bevorzugt entweder die erste und die zweite Einkopplungsspule in entgegengesetzter Richtung gewickelt und werden in gleicher Richtung von elektrischem Strom durchflossen, oder sie sind in gleicher Richtung gewickelt und werden in entgegengesetzter Richtung von einem Strom durchflossen.This object is achieved according to the invention by a method for phase modulation of an electromagnetic resonant circuit with the method steps:
  • Voltage application of a first coupling coil of the resonant circuit with a generator voltage,
  • Voltage application of a second coupling coil of the oscillating circuit with a generator voltage such that the second coupling coil generates an at least partially opposite magnetic field of the first coupling coil magnetic field, wherein the coupling coils cooperate with a resonator coil of the resonant circuit such that the coupling coils act as a primary side and the resonator coil as a secondary side of a transformer.

In this case, the voltage application of the second coupling coil by switching the generator voltage from the first coupling coil to the second coupling coil at a switching time, preferably after a modulation signal made. The transformer formed by the described coil arrangement acts as a modulation transformer. In order to generate the opposite fields, preferably either the first and the second coupling coil are wound in opposite directions and are traversed by electric current in the same direction, or they are wound in the same direction and are traversed in the opposite direction by a current.

Im Gegensatz zu Phasenmodulationsverfahren (Phasenumtastung) gemäß Stand der Technik werden für eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens lediglich wenige Bauteile benötigt. Es erfolgt eine direkte Phasenmodulation des Schwingkreises.In contrast to phase modulation method (Phasenumtastung) according to the prior art, only a few components are required for a device for carrying out the method according to the invention. There is a direct phase modulation of the resonant circuit.

Bevorzugt wird das Umschalten derart vorgenommen, dass der Umschaltzeitpunkt an einem Strom-Nulldurchgang des Schwingkreises liegt. Das Umschalten wird dadurch dann vorgenommen, wenn das resonante Element, d.h. die Spulen des Schwingkreises, energielos sind.Preferably, the switching is performed such that the switching time is at a current zero crossing of the resonant circuit. The switching is then made when the resonant element, i. the coils of the resonant circuit, are energyless.

Besonders bevorzugt wird die Spannungsbeaufschlagung der Einkopplungsspulen derart vorgenommen wird, dass nach dem Umschalten eine 180° Phasenmodulation des Schwingkreises resultiert. Hierdurch erfolgt eine Modulation der Phase derart, dass dem elektromagnetischen Feld der Resonatorspule ein digitales Rauschen aufgeprägt werden kann. Dies eignet sich besonders für die Anwendung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens für die Zwecke eines Achszählers.Particularly preferably, the voltage application of the coupling coils is made such that after switching results in a 180 ° phase modulation of the resonant circuit. This results in a modulation of the phase such that the electromagnetic field of the resonator coil, a digital noise can be impressed. This is particularly suitable for the application of the method according to the invention for the purposes of an axle counter.

Bevorzugt wird mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren ein künstliches Rauschen eines Sendesignals des Schwingkreises, bevorzugt in einer Sendespule eines Schienenkontaks in einem Zählpunkt eines Achszählsystems, erzeugt.
Dabei wird senderseitig mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren ein verrauschtes Magnetfeld erzeugt, aus dem empfangsseitig das ursprüngliche Sendesignal gewonnen wird. Ein solches Magnetfeld mit Rauschcharakter kann besonders einfach durch die mit dem verrauschten Signal gespeiste Sendespule eines Schienenkontaktes erzeugt werden. Das verrauschte (elektrische) Sendesignal regt also die Sendespule an. Die Sendespule erzeugt ein verrauschtes Sende(magnet)feld, das wiederum von einer Empfangsspule aufgenommen wird. Gegenüber einem Verfahren, bei dem die Sendespule ein Magnetfeld mit konstanter Frequenz erzeugt, das um die Schiene herum verläuft und das vom Empfänger nach Betrag und Phase ausgewertet wird, wird erfindungsgemäß ein Magnetfeld mit Rauschcharakter erzeugt, aus dem durch das Rückgängigmachen des Rauschens bei der Auswertung des Empfangssignals das ursprüngliche Signal gewonnen werden kann.Preferably, with the method according to the invention, an artificial noise of a transmission signal of the resonant circuit, preferably in a transmitting coil of a rail contact in a counting point of a Achszählsystems generated.
In this case, a noisy magnetic field is generated on the transmitter side with the method according to the invention, from the receiving end, the original transmission signal is obtained. Such a magnetic field with a noise character can be generated particularly easily by the fed coil with the noisy signal of a rail contact. The noisy (electrical) transmission signal thus stimulates the transmitting coil. The transmitter coil generates a noisy transmission (magnet) field, which in turn is received by a receiver coil. Compared to a method in which the transmitting coil generates a magnetic field of constant frequency, which runs around the rail and which is evaluated by the receiver in magnitude and phase, according to the invention generates a magnetic field with noise character, from which by the cancellation of the noise in the evaluation of the received signal, the original signal can be obtained.

Hinsichtlich des elektromagnetischen Schwingkreises zum Durchführen des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens wird die Aufgabe durch einen elektromagnetischen Schwingkreis mit einer Resonatorspule und einer ersten und einer zweiten Einkopplungsspule gelöst. Dabei bilden die Einkopplungsspulen die Primärseite und die Resonatorspule die Sekundärseite eines Transformators. Es sind Umschaltmittel vorgesehen, die eingerichtet sind zum Umschalten einer Generatorspannung von der ersten Einkopplungsspule auf die zweite Einkopplungsspule, derart, dass von der zweiten Einkopplungsspule ein mindestens teilweise zum magnetischen Feld der ersten Einkopplungsspule entgegengesetztes magnetisches Feld erzeugbar ist. Durch den erfindungsgemäßen elektromagnetischen Schwingkreis werden die Vorteile des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens realisiert.With regard to the electromagnetic resonant circuit for carrying out the method according to the invention, the object is achieved by an electromagnetic resonant circuit having a resonator coil and a first and a second coupling coil. The coupling coils form the primary side and the resonator coil form the secondary side of a transformer. Switching means are provided, which are set up for switching a generator voltage from the first coupling coil to the second coupling coil, such that a magnetic field, which is at least partially opposite to the magnetic field of the first coupling coil, can be generated by the second coupling coil. The inventive electromagnetic resonant circuit, the advantages of the method according to the invention are realized.

Bevorzugt sind bei dem erfindungsgemäßen elektromagnetischen Schwingkreis die Einkopplungsspulen in Reihe geschaltet und die Umschaltmittel weisen je Einkopplungsspule einen Schalter, wobei die Schalter eingerichtet sind zum Aufschalten der Generatorspannung auf die Einkopplungsspulen, derart, dass die Spulen in entgegengesetzter Richtung von einem elektrischen Strom durchflossen werden. Diese Schaltungsanordnung ermöglicht einen besonders kompakten Schaltungsaufbau des erfindungsgemäßen elektromagnetischen Schwingkreises.Preferably, in the inventive electromagnetic resonant circuit, the coupling coils are connected in series and the switching means each coupling coil a switch, wherein the switches are arranged for connecting the generator voltage to the coupling coils, such that the coils are traversed in the opposite direction by an electric current. This circuit arrangement allows a particularly compact circuit structure of the electromagnetic resonant circuit according to the invention.

Bevorzugt weisen die Umschaltmittel einen Modulator auf, wobei die Schalter von dem Modulator umschaltbar sind. Eine derartige Kombination von einem Modulator und Schaltern als Umschaltmittel ermöglicht eine Steuerung des Umschaltzeitpunktes der Schalter z.B. in Abhängigkeit von einer Wechselspannung mit der die Einkopplungsspulen beaufschlagt werden. Dadurch wird z.B. ein Erzeugen eines digitalen Rauschens ermöglicht.Preferably, the switching means to a modulator, wherein the switches are switchable by the modulator. Such a combination of a modulator and switches as switching means allows control of the switching time of the switches e.g. in response to an AC voltage with which the coupling coils are acted upon. This will e.g. enabling a generation of digital noise.

Bevorzugt ist der Modulator eingerichtet, die Schalter an einem Umschaltzeitpunkt in Abhängigkeit von der Amplitude der Generatorspannung umzuschalten. Dadurch können die Umschaltzeitpunkte so gewählt werden, dass diese an einem Strom-Nulldurchgang des Schwingkreises liegen.
Bevorzugt sind die Einkopplungsspulen von der Resonanzspule galvanisch getrennt. Der Modulationsüberträger, d.h. eine Anordnung der Einkopplungsspulen und der Resonatorspule kann dadurch zur galvanischen Trennung von z.B. einer Sendespule eines Schienenkontakts und einer Modulationsschaltung verwendet werden. Dadurch werden Störströme, die z.B. durch Wirbelstrombremsen eines Schienenfahrzeuges erzeugt werden, von der Modulationsschaltung abgeschirmt.The modulator is preferably set up to switch over the switches at a changeover time as a function of the amplitude of the generator voltage. As a result, the switching times can be selected so that they are at a current zero crossing of the resonant circuit.
Preferably, the coupling coils are galvanically isolated from the resonance coil. The modulation transmitter, ie an arrangement of the coupling coils and the resonator coil can thereby be used for galvanic isolation of, for example, a transmitting coil of a rail contact and a modulation circuit. As a result, interference currents, which are generated for example by eddy current brakes of a rail vehicle, shielded from the modulation circuit.

Ein Achszählpunkt mit einem elektronischen Schienenkontakt mit einem Sender mit einem erfindungsgemäßen elektromagnetischen Schwingkreis erhöht die Sicherheit des Schienenverkehrs erheblich.An axle counting point with an electronic rail contact with a transmitter with an electromagnetic resonant circuit according to the invention considerably increases the safety of rail traffic.

Weitere Merkmale und Vorteile der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung eines Ausführungsbeispiels der Erfindung, anhand der Figuren der Zeichnung, die erfindungswesentliche Einzelheiten zeigen, und aus den Ansprüchen. Die einzelnen Merkmale können je einzeln für sich oder zu mehreren in beliebiger Kombination bei einer Variante der Erfindung verwirklicht sein.Further features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following description of an embodiment of the invention, with reference to the figures of the drawing, the invention essential details show, and from the claims. The individual features can be realized individually for themselves or for several in any combination in a variant of the invention.

Zeichnungdrawing

Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung ist in der schematischen Zeichnung dargestellt und wird in der nachfolgenden Beschreibung erläutert.

Fig. 1
zeigt ein Blockschaltbild eines erfindungsgemäßen Schwingkreises.
An embodiment of the device according to the invention is shown in the schematic drawing and will be explained in the following description.
Fig. 1
shows a block diagram of a resonant circuit according to the invention.

In Fig. 1 ist stark schematisiert in einem Blockschaltbild ein erfindungsgemäßer Schwingkreis zur 180 Grad Phasenmodulation dargestellt.
Die Phasenmodulation wird durch ein Umschalten von entgegengesetzt gepolten als Primärwicklungeri eines Modulationsüberträgers, d.h. eines Transformators 10 ausgebildeten Einkopplungsspulen 1, 2 (Primärspulen) erreicht. Die Primärspulenseite des Transformators umfasst also zwei Primärspulen. Die Phasenmodulation des Transformators wird durch Umschalten einer Wechselstromquelle, d.h. eines Generators 7 auf jeweils eine der Primärspulen realisiert, wobei die Primärspulen entgegengesetzt gepolt sind. Die Umschaltung wird durch einen Modulator 8 kontrolliert. Es sind also Umschaltmittel 6 vorhanden, die eine Generatorspannung von einer auf die andere Primärspule umschalten. Die Umschaltmittel 6 umfassen zwei Schalter S1 und S2 und einen Modulator 8, der eingerichtet ist, die Schalter umzuschalten. Die zwei Primärspulen 1, 2 sind in Reihe geschaltet. Der Modulator 8 aktiviert die zwei Schalter S1 und S2 , wobei ein erster Schalter S1 den Generator 7 mit der ersten Primärspule 1 und ein zweiter Schalter S2 den Generator 7 mit einer zweiten Primärspule 2 derart verbindet, dass die Spulen, bei gleicher Orientierung der Spulenwicklungen, in entgegengesetzter Richtung von Strom durchflossen werden können. Das resonante Element des Schwingkreises, also die durch die Anordnung gemäß eines Transformators 10 im Modulationsüberträger mit Energie versorgte Resonatorspule 3 wird durch das Umschalten der Primärspulen umgepolt. Bei der Resonatorspule 3 handelt es sich um die Sekundärseite des Transformators 10. Dadurch wird eine Phasendrehung um 180 Grad des Stromes durch die Resonatorspule 3, bzw. des erzeugten elektromagnetischen Feldes erreicht. Die in der Figur dargestellte Schaltung hat zwei Zustände:

  • 1. Null Grad Modulationszustand: Dabei verbindet der Schalter S1 die erste Einkopplungsspule (Primärwicklung) 1 mit einer Signalquelle, z.B. den, dargestellten Generator 7. Der Schalter S2 ist dabei offen, so dass die der ersten Primärwicklung entgegengesetzt gepolte zweite Einkopplungsspule 2 offen ist, d.h. nicht von einem Strom durchflossen wird.
  • 2. 180 Grad Modulationszustand: Dabei verbindet der Schalter S2 die zweite Einkopplungsspule 2 mit der Signalquelle, d.h. dem Generator 7. Der Schalter S1 ist dabei offen, so dass die der Einkopplungsspule 1 offen ist, d.h. nicht von einem Strom durchflossen wird Es ist besonders vorteilhaft, den Zeitpunkt des Umschaltens so zu wählen, dass im Umschaltmoment das resonante Element, also die Resonatorspule 3, energielos ist. Bei einer Spule ist das entsprechend der Formel W = ½ L * i2 (Energie (W), Strom (i)) der Moment eines Stromnulldurchganges.

Die zwei Resonatorspulen 1,2 werden also durch Umschalten der Schalter S1, S2 abwechselnd an den Generator 7 angeschlossen, wobei das Umschalten gemäß eines Modulationssignals, das z.B. einer Generatorwechselspannung folgt, vom Modulator 8 gesteuert wird. Beide Resonatorspulen 1,2 werden dabei in entgegengesetzter Richtung an den Generator angeschlossen, d.h. das bei Stromdurchfluss von den Spulen erzeugte elektromagnetische Feld ist entgegengesetzt gepolt. Das Modulationssignal wird bevorzugt derart gewählt, dass das Umschalten beim Nulldurchgang des vom Generator bereit gestellten Stroms erfolgt. Bei der in der Figur dargestellten weiteren Spule 4 handelt es sich z.B. um eine Sendespule eines Achszählers.In Fig. 1 is a highly schematic diagram of an inventive resonant circuit for 180 degree phase modulation shown in a block diagram.
The phase modulation is achieved by switching from oppositely poled as Primärwicklungeri a Modulationsüberträgers, ie, a transformer 10 formed input coils 1, 2 (primary coils). The primary coil side of the transformer thus comprises two primary coils. The phase modulation of the transformer is realized by switching an AC power source, that is, a generator 7 to each one of the primary coils, wherein the primary coils are oppositely poled. The switching is controlled by a modulator 8. So it is Switching means 6 present, which switch a generator voltage from one to the other primary coil. The switching means 6 comprise two switches S1 and S2 and a modulator 8 which is arranged to switch over the switches. The two primary coils 1, 2 are connected in series. The modulator 8 activates the two switches S1 and S2, wherein a first switch S1 connects the generator 7 to the first primary coil 1 and a second switch S2 connects the generator 7 to a second primary coil 2 in such a way that, given the orientation of the coil windings, In the opposite direction can be traversed by electricity. The resonant element of the resonant circuit, that is to say the resonator coil 3 which is supplied with energy by the arrangement according to a transformer 10 in the modulation transformer, is reversed by the switching of the primary coils. The resonator coil 3 is the secondary side of the transformer 10. As a result, a phase rotation of 180 degrees of the current through the resonator coil 3, and the generated electromagnetic field is achieved. The circuit shown in the figure has two states:
  • 1. Zero degree modulation state: In this case, the switch S1 connects the first coupling coil (primary winding) 1 to a signal source, eg the generator 7 shown. The switch S2 is open, so that the second primary coupling coil 2, which is polarized opposite to the first primary winding, is open, that is, a current does not flow through it.
  • 2. 180 degrees modulation state: In this case, the switch S2 connects the second coupling coil 2 with the signal source, ie the generator 7. The switch S1 is open, so that the coupling coil 1 is open, that is not a current flows through it is special advantageous to choose the time of switching so that the switching moment the resonant element, so the resonator coil 3, is energy-free. For a coil this is the moment of a current zero crossing according to the formula W = ½ L * i 2 (energy (W), current (i)).

The two resonator coils 1, 2 are thus alternately connected to the generator 7 by switching over the switches S1, S2, the switching over is controlled by the modulator 8 according to a modulation signal, which follows, for example, a generator AC voltage. Both resonator coils 1, 2 are connected in the opposite direction to the generator, that is to say the electromagnetic field generated by current flow through the coils is polarized in the opposite direction. The modulation signal is preferably selected such that the switching takes place at the zero crossing of the current provided by the generator. The further coil 4 shown in the figure is, for example, a transmitting coil of an axle counter.

Claims (10)

  1. Method for the phase modulation of an electromagnetic oscillating circuit, having the method steps:
    - application of a generator voltage to a first input coupling coil (1) of the oscillating circuit,
    - application of a generator voltage to a second input coupling coil (2) of the oscillating circuit, in such a way that a magnetic field, which is at least partially opposed to the magnetic field of the first input coupling coil (1), is generated by the second input coupling coil (2), the input coupling coils (1, 2) acting together with a resonator coil (3) of the oscillating circuit in such a way that the input coupling coils (1, 2) act as a primary side and the resonator coil (3) acts as a secondary side of a transformer (10), and

    the application of voltage to the second input coupling coil (2) being effected through switch-over of the generator voltage from the first input coupling coil (1) to the second input coupling coil (2) at a switch-over instant, preferably following a modulation signal.
  2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the switch-over is performed in such a way that the switch-over instant occurs at a zero crossing of the current of the oscillating circuit.
  3. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the application of voltage to the input coupling coils is performed in such a way that a 180° phase modulation of the oscillating circuit results following the switch-over.
  4. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that, using the method, an artificial noise of a transmit signal of the oscillating circuit is generated in a counting point of an axle counting system, preferably in a transmitting coil of a rail contact.
  5. Electromagnetic oscillating circuit for execution of the method according to at least one of claims 1 to 4, comprising a resonator coil (3), characterized in that a first and a second input coupling coil (1, 2) are provided, the input coupling coils (1, 2) constituting the primary side, and the resonator coil (3) constituting the secondary side, of a transformer (10), and switch-over means (6) are provided, which are set up to switch over a generator voltage from the first input coupling coil (1) to the second input coupling coil (2) in such a way that a magnetic field, which is at least partially opposed to the magnetic field of the first input coupling coil (1), can be generated by the second input coupling coil (2).
  6. Electromagnetic oscillating circuit according to claim 5, characterized in that the input coupling coils are connected in series and the switch-over means have a switch for each input coupling coil, the switches being set up to apply the generator voltage to the input coupling coils in such a way that an electric current flows through the coils in opposing directions.
  7. Electromagnetic oscillating circuit according to claim 6, characterized in that the switch-over means (6) have a modulator (8), the switches being able to be switched over by the modulator (8).
  8. Electromagnetic oscillating circuit according to claim 7, characterized in that the modulator (8) is set up to switch over the switches at a switch-over instant in dependence on the amplitude of the generator voltage.
  9. Electromagnetic oscillating circuit according to claim 5, characterized in that the input coupling coils are electrically isolated from the resonance coil.
  10. Axle counting point comprising an electronic rail contact which comprises a transmitter having an electromagnetic oscillating circuit according to claim 5.
EP03360140A 2003-12-08 2003-12-08 Method of phase modulation of an electrical and electromagnetic resonance circuit, in particular for axle counters Expired - Lifetime EP1541440B1 (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT03360140T ATE317788T1 (en) 2003-12-08 2003-12-08 METHOD FOR PHASE MODULATION OF AN ELECTRICAL AND ELECTROMAGNETIC SWITCHING CIRCUITS, PARTICULARLY FOR AXLE COUNTERS
EP03360140A EP1541440B1 (en) 2003-12-08 2003-12-08 Method of phase modulation of an electrical and electromagnetic resonance circuit, in particular for axle counters
DE50302424T DE50302424D1 (en) 2003-12-08 2003-12-08 Method for phase modulation of an electrical and electromagnetic resonant circuit, in particular for axle counters

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP03360140A EP1541440B1 (en) 2003-12-08 2003-12-08 Method of phase modulation of an electrical and electromagnetic resonance circuit, in particular for axle counters

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1541440A1 EP1541440A1 (en) 2005-06-15
EP1541440B1 true EP1541440B1 (en) 2006-02-15

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EP03360140A Expired - Lifetime EP1541440B1 (en) 2003-12-08 2003-12-08 Method of phase modulation of an electrical and electromagnetic resonance circuit, in particular for axle counters

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AT (1) ATE317788T1 (en)
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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2008138858A1 (en) 2007-05-15 2008-11-20 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Wheel sensor
DE102007023476A1 (en) 2007-05-15 2008-11-20 Siemens Ag wheel sensor
DE102007031139A1 (en) 2007-06-29 2009-01-02 Siemens Ag Method for increasing the interference immunity of a wheel sensor and wheel sensor for carrying out the method

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE502005000732D1 (en) * 2005-01-31 2007-06-28 Alcatel Transp Solution D Gmbh A method for adjusting an output voltage of a receiving circuit of a receiving head of a rail contact and rail contact system
CN104290773B (en) * 2014-10-31 2016-07-06 上海自仪泰雷兹交通自动化系统有限公司 A kind of ACE frame for test run line and training center

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1139146B (en) * 1960-06-29 1962-11-08 Siemens Ag Vehicle operated track device
FR1391839A (en) * 1964-01-15 1965-03-12 Silec Liaisons Elec Method and device for detecting the passage of a mobile
US3721821A (en) * 1970-12-14 1973-03-20 Abex Corp Railway wheel sensor

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2008138858A1 (en) 2007-05-15 2008-11-20 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Wheel sensor
DE102007023476A1 (en) 2007-05-15 2008-11-20 Siemens Ag wheel sensor
DE102007023475A1 (en) 2007-05-15 2008-12-11 Siemens Ag wheel sensor
DE102007023475B4 (en) * 2007-05-15 2009-07-09 Siemens Ag wheel sensor
DE102007031139A1 (en) 2007-06-29 2009-01-02 Siemens Ag Method for increasing the interference immunity of a wheel sensor and wheel sensor for carrying out the method

Also Published As

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EP1541440A1 (en) 2005-06-15
ATE317788T1 (en) 2006-03-15
DE50302424D1 (en) 2006-04-20

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