Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04B—TRANSMISSION
  • H04B3/00—Line transmission systems
  • H04B3/54—Systems for transmission via power distribution lines
  • H04B3/542—Systems for transmission via power distribution lines the information being in digital form
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04B—TRANSMISSION
  • H04B2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to line transmission systems
  • H04B2203/54—Aspects of powerline communications not already covered by H04B3/54 and its subgroups
  • H04B2203/5462—Systems for power line communications
  • H04B2203/5466—Systems for power line communications using three phases conductors
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04B—TRANSMISSION
  • H04B2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to line transmission systems
  • H04B2203/54—Aspects of powerline communications not already covered by H04B3/54 and its subgroups
  • H04B2203/5462—Systems for power line communications
  • H04B2203/547—Systems for power line communications via DC power distribution

Definitions

• the invention relates to a process defined according to the preamble of claim 1.
• the invention also relates to an installation, a transmitter of orders and a receiver of orders allowing the implementation of such a process.
• Actuators such as single-phase asynchronous motors, or DC motors with rectifiers or AC / DC converters, with two directions of rotation are commonly used for comfort and / or building security applications, such as driving blinds, ventilation shutters or closures.
• two actuators A1 and A2 of the asynchronous or “induction motor” type, connected in parallel, are provided with two phase wires PI and P2 and a neutral wire LN.
• a phase shift capacitor C1, C2 is connected between Pi and P2, while the two windings EDI, EG1 and ED2 and EG2 of the actuators are connected respectively between PI and LN and between P2 and LN.
• a movement is obtained in a first direction by feeding the actuators between Pi and LN and in the second direction by feeding them between P2 and LN.
• FCBl, FCH1, FCB2 and FCH2 limit switches internal to the actuators make it possible to cut the supply to one or the other phase when the motor reaches an end of travel position.
• the first two of these restrictions are linked to the risk of a frank short-circuit of the capacitor by the switch (s) at the time of closing, which can occur at a time when the voltage across the terminals of the capacitor C1 or C2 is maximum.
• patent EP 0 895 211 proposes a control system by pilot wire.
• the pilot wire is connected to the phase on the positive half-waves for an ascent order, on the negative half-waves for a descent order and on the two half-waves for a stop order.
• This solution has the drawback of requiring a pilot wire in addition to the actuator supply wires.
• the communication technique on the sector by carrier currents is by far the most used. On transmission and reception, it requires electronic equipment for modulation - demodulation and signal detection, which means that this type of solution presents a cost as high as a radio wave communication solution.
• Patent application EP 0 038 877 describes an installation making it possible to send information on an electric line supplying an actuator.
• the information consists of signals sent during the line cut.
• the abstract of application JP 60 183826 describes a device control device, comprising a command transmitter having switches in parallel with each other and in series with diodes.
• US Patent 4,408,185 the line is also short-circuited for a short time in the vicinity of zero to transmit information to receivers.
• US Patent 4,719,446 describes the control of lighting and a fan from a control point allowing the partial opening of the supply line in the vicinity of the zero of the sinusoid.
• Patent FR 2 518 335 discloses a remote transmission method characterized in that one chooses, as the mode of interrogation of the line, to cut two consecutive periods of the alternating current of said line.
• Patent application FR 2 798 499 also describes a means of addressing and controlling several devices on the basis of information communicated by several consecutive interruptions of the mains voltage.
• the devices of the prior art remain too complex to be of interest in comparison with other techniques, such as communications by infrared rays or by radio waves. Indeed, although they are more expensive, the latter have the advantage of allowing the elimination of the wiring of the control points and therefore become generally cheaper.
• actuators comprising a direct current motor and an AC / DC converter authorizing their direct supply to the mains
• the object of the invention is to provide a control method improving those of the prior art and overcoming the problems thereof.
• the invention proposes to provide a simple, inexpensive, safe control method allowing two directions of rotation, requiring a short reaction time to a stop command and requiring no wiring other than the wiring of electric power supply to the actuators.
• Another object of the invention is to provide an installation, a command transmitter and a command receiver allowing the implementation of such a method.
• Claims 6 and 7 define modes of execution of the order transmitter according to the invention.
• Claims 8 to 11 define modes of execution of the command receiver according to the invention.
• Claims 12 to 14 define the installation according to the invention.
• Figure 1 is a connection diagram of two actuators, with induction motor and permanent capacitor, controlled by a common switch.
• FIG. 2 is an oscillogram of the supply voltage of a command receiver when a command transmitter has been inserted into the sector so as to interrupt the voltage for half a period.
• FIG. 3 is a diagram of an installation for implementing the method according to the invention and for controlling two pieces of equipment.
• FIG. 4 is a diagram of a command receiver according to the invention.
• FIG. 5 is a flow diagram of the voltage at the output of a command transmitter transmitting a frame corresponding to an activation order.
• Figure 6 is an explanatory diagram of the principle of order detection according to a second embodiment of the device according to the invention.
• FIG. 7 is a diagram of a command receiver supplying an actuator of the induction motor type.
• FIG. 8 represents two oscillograms originating from an order transmitter and constituting two activation orders of an actuator.
• FIG. 9 is a diagram of a command transmitter according to the invention.
• Figure 10 is a connection diagram of an installation for implementing the method according to the invention.
• FIG. 11 describes a second embodiment of a command transmitter.
• FIG. 12 is a diagram of a command receiver supplying an actuator of the DC motor type.
• the device 1, represented in FIG. 3, mainly comprises a general command transmitter 10, two local command transmitters 20, 30 and two command receivers 26, 36 each controlling an item of equipment 28, 38 via an actuator 27, 37.
• Each local command receiver 26, 36 and the actuator 27, 37 which it controls are grouped into one physical unit 25, 35.
• Each command transmitter 10, 20, 30 is connected to the supply line and contains at least one switch making it possible to open one of the conductors of the supply line according to a determined sequence, synchronized with the mains.
• the command transmitter contains a second switch enabling the two conductors downstream of the supply line to be short-circuited when the first switch, located upstream of the second, has been opened. This ensures zero voltage downstream.
• the first assembly 25 is connected to the supply line L20 leaving the order transmitter 20.
• This order receiver controls the equipment 28 by controlling the supply of the actuator 27. It is the same for the assembly 35, containing the command receiver 36 and the actuator 37. It is the nature of the voltage on the supply line L30 which makes it possible to control the operation of the equipment 38 .
• An installation as shown in FIG. 3 allows the command transmitter 10 to simultaneously control the two devices 28 and 38, while the command transmitters 20 and 30 respectively control the only devices 28 and 38.
• the instantaneous voltage is used to determine the sequence of openings and closings of the line and to deduce an order therefrom.
• Such an order receiver is shown diagrammatically in FIG. 4.
• the command receiver includes a microcontroller 52, an input of which is connected to the output of a rectifying and shaping circuit 51 of the supply voltage present on the supply conductor L20.
• This voltage can, for example, be that of line L10, line L20 or line L30 of FIG. 3.
• Circuit 51 makes it possible preferably to carry out a full-wave rectification and comprises at least one resistive divider, so applying a reduced voltage to an input 53 of the microcontroller 52.
• the voltage applied to the input 53 is therefore zero at least twice per period. These times are used to synchronize the start of time measurements with the mains voltage.
• the assembly therefore makes it possible to identify the possible presence of a zero mains voltage for half a period.
• the measurement is sampled over time, digital filtering is applied to it and the output value is compared not to zero but to a threshold voltage.
• the input 53 is of analog type, it allows the measurement of the voltage when the latter is not zero. It is thus ideally possible to verify that the sampled voltage indeed follows a sinusoidal profile for at least half a period. In a degraded manner, but respecting the principle of the invention, it is possible to choose a more or less fine sampling according to the computing capacity of the microcontroller.
• the microcontroller has only logic inputs, two of these inputs 53 and 54 are used and the circuit 52 is modified so that it has two outputs this time.
• the output connected to input 53 is only in a logic "0" state when the line voltage is close to zero, while the output connected to input 54 is only in a logic state "1" only when the line voltage is greater than a significant value, for example 30 Volts.
• a significant value for example 30 Volts.
• a microcontroller allows the recognition of complex orders, for example in the form of four-bit words, as represented in FIG. 5. It is noted in this figure that the opening times of the line are equal to one period and the line closing times are equal to two periods. A significant binary element (“1") comprises these two successive phases.
• the transmitter of orders is designed, in the same way as an ordinary electric switch. It must allow the supply voltage to be cut off when the stop button is activated. It is the disappearance of the mains voltage and not the reception of a specific frame which causes the power supply to the actuator to stop. Thus, it is possible to obtain a rapid reaction from the actuator even if the control frames used comprise a high number of periods of the network voltage.
• a stop order is therefore only issued transiently and corresponds to the total interruption of the voltage for several consecutive half-periods (for example 1 to 5 half-periods).
• the actuator control relays and / or circuits are connected to a common supply circuit. Due to the high consumption of these various elements, it is preferable that the recognition of an activation frame takes place while these elements are not supplied. Indeed, the presence of breaks in the frame would then require oversizing the power supply so that it can provide a sufficient holding current to these relays and / or control circuits during cuts.
• the command receiver is therefore designed to interpret as a stop command any opening of the line exceeding a given number of half-periods.
• control system operates on a four-stroke cycle: - Direction 1,
• the command receiver operates on a two-stroke cycle:
• the command receiver is the average voltage of the supply line which is used to identify the sequences of openings and closings of the line.
• Figure 6 shows this principle.
• a moving average of the signal is carried out over a fixed duration equal to a period. This period during which the average is carried out is represented by a hatched window.
• the principle is based on the detection of temporal variations in the average voltage.
• FIG. 7 proposes an exemplary embodiment of a command receiver according to this principle, making it possible to supply the actuator when it comprises a single-phase induction motor with permanent capacitor.
• the order transmitter comprises a controlled switch allowing the opening of the line L20, during one (or more) positive half-period or during one (or more) negative half-period.
• This line opening can be achieved using diodes and / or triacs.
• RX1 and RX2 are connected in series with two diodes Dl and D2 of opposite polarities, forming two branches placed in parallel on the capacitor C.
• RX1 activates the reversing contact rxl when it is energized and the coil RX2 activates the reversing contact rx2 when it is energized.
• the contacts are shown in Figure 7 in the rest position.
• Resistors Ri, R2 and R3, through which the capacitor C charges and discharges, have a very high value.
• the AC mains voltage is first applied in full, that is to say without interruption: it is therefore zero in average value.
• the capacitor C begins to charge through R3.
• the time constant RC of the load circuit involves an equivalent resistance which can be calculated from Thévenin's theorem. It is assumed here that the components have been chosen so as to present a time constant at least equivalent to the duration of the half-period. Consequently, at the end of half a period, the capacitor C is therefore still only partially charged and the voltage across the terminals of the coil RXl is less than the bonding threshold of the relay rxl.
• the disconnection of the branch formed by the resistor R2 and the diode D4 causes the supply of the coil RXl from the conductor L20 by a path parallel to the resistor R3 passing through the capacitor CM of the actuator 27, the diode D3 and the resistor Ri.
• the command receiver can be improved by placing in series with the coils RXl and RX2 elements with voltage threshold, such as for example diacs or assemblies with transistors equivalent to thyristors with low ignition voltage.
• voltage threshold such as for example diacs or assemblies with transistors equivalent to thyristors with low ignition voltage.
• These threshold elements voltage are known to those skilled in the art. They make it possible to obtain a very frank changeover of the relay from a state of rest to an active state.
• the relays can be replaced by controlled elements such as opto-triacs or MOS transistors.
• An optional block VS for monitoring the mains voltage is shown in dotted lines in FIG. 7.
• This block comprises three inputs, two of which are connected to the two terminals of capacitor C and the third to phase or more general to a point giving between this point and the neutral a voltage proportional to the mains voltage.
• the monitoring block is such that it becomes conductive between the two terminals connected to the capacitor C if the mains voltage remains zero for a duration greater than a half-period, for example for two half-periods. It is thus possible to reduce to a minimum the duration of an actuator stop order.
• the realization of this VS functional block requires only current timing components.
• the order transmitter is preferably reactive, that is to say that it is capable of detecting the value of the current flowing through it: such a device makes it possible to automatically stop repeating the activation time sequences as soon as this activation has been taken into account.
• a transmitter of orders comprising these improvements is represented in figure 9. This transmitter is intended to give orders to a receiver according to figure 7. Its conductors L10 and LN are connected to the sector and its conductors L20 and LN are connected to the receiver orders.
• the assembly only includes the series-parallel combination of diodes D5 and D6 and the two switches UP and DN normally closed at rest. In the rest position shown in FIG. 9, the phase line is therefore uninterrupted between the conductors L10 and L20.
• a mechanical key allows the UP and DN switches to be pressed simultaneously. It is actually a stop button causing the total opening of the line. We can, likewise, to ensure this function add a third switch in series with the two switches UP and DN downstream or upstream of the previous assembly.
• the order transmitter can also have two current sensors CS1 and CS2 acting on two closing contacts rx5 and rx6, by means of a control circuit not shown, comprising for example bistable relay coils or equivalents known to those skilled in the art.
• rx5 and rx ⁇ contacts allow in particular not to unnecessarily prolong a repetition sequence of the activation frame.
• the contact rx5 closes as soon as the current measured by the current sensor CS1 exceeds a threshold indicating that the motor is supplied.
• the rx5 contact opens as soon as the current measured by the CS2 sensor exceeds the IS threshold, which is the case in the event of simultaneous pressing of the two pushers while the rx5 contact is closed.
• the contact rx6 closes as soon as the current measured by the sensor CS2 exceeds the threshold IS and opens as soon as the current measured by the sensor CS1 exceeds the threshold IS.
• the contacts rx5 and rx6 open in the event of detection of a very low resistance between the conductors L10 and L20 indicating that the two switches UP and DN are in their rest position.
• the contacts rx5 and rx ⁇ are controlled by time delays.
• FIG. 11 represents a second embodiment of a command transmitter.
• switches UP 'and DN' having the same function as the switches UP and DN described above, respectively include a contact KU, a thyristor TH2 and a resistor R6, and a contact KN, a thyristor TH1 and a resistor R5 .
• the thyristor TH1 When the contact KN is open, and there is a charge between the wire L20 and the neutral wire LN, the thyristor TH1 conducts on the positive alternations of the phase LlO, due to a connection between anode and trigger of the thyristor by resistance R5. Conduction is therefore ensured on the positive half-waves by the thyristor THl and a diode D8. It is likewise provided by the thyristor TH2 and a diode D7 on negative half-waves if the contact KU is open.
• the thyristor TH2 blocks: there is more conduction than on the positive half-waves. Conversely, conduction takes place only on negative half-waves when the KN contact is pressed.
• a stop order corresponds to a simultaneous action on the two push buttons. It is also possible to provide for a short circuit of the downstream line in this situation.
• FIG. 12 describes an embodiment of the invention in the case where the actuator contains a DC motor M and an AC / DC converter, this actuator being designed to be directly supplied with single-phase alternating current.
• the converter is reduced to a rectifier bridge constituted by diodes DA, DB, DC and DD.
• the elements having the same functionality have their index multiplied by 10.
• the resistors R31 and R32 fulfill the same role as the resistance R3.
• the motor M is short-circuited by the configuration of the contacts rxlO and rx20. In the event that the voltage applied between L20 and
• the capacitor C charges until reaching the threshold of the relay RX10.
• the rxlO contact then switches to the motor supply position.
• the state of relay RX10 is maintained by the current flowing in the resistor RIO and the diode D30.
• This voltage threshold element can be placed in series with the relay, or in parallel with the capacitor if it in turn acts on a transistor controlling the conduction of the relay and if it has a higher threshold than that of the relay.
• the voltage threshold to be taken into account is the bonding threshold of the relay, or the threshold of the complementary element, or the sum of these values.
• a block for monitoring the voltage present between L20 and LN is also used to short-circuit the capacitor C (or to short-circuit the relay RX10 and / or the relay RX20) when this voltage disappears. This avoids any risk of self-supply of a relay when the motor is operating as a generator under the effect of driving the load.
• a microcontroller in the command receiver represented in FIG. 12 allows the recognition of complex commands, for example in the form of four-bit words, as represented in FIG. 5.
• a general command transmitter 10 is put in place at the level of the electrical distribution panel from where the supply line common to all the actuators 25, 35.
• the neutral conductor is directly connected to the actuators 25, 35 each comprising a command receiver 26, 36 while the phase conductor is "interrupted" by local command transmitters 20, 30.
• the general order transmitter 10 can itself be controlled by a radio wave or infrared ray transmitter.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Power Engineering (AREA)
• Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
• Signal Processing (AREA)
• Selective Calling Equipment (AREA)
• Power-Operated Mechanisms For Wings (AREA)
• Remote Monitoring And Control Of Power-Distribution Networks (AREA)
• Operating, Guiding And Securing Of Roll- Type Closing Members (AREA)

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• 2002
  • 2002-09-16 FR FR0211433A patent/FR2844625B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2003
  • 2003-09-15 CN CN 03821998 patent/CN1682464A/zh active Pending
  • 2003-09-15 AU AU2003263418A patent/AU2003263418A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2003-09-15 ES ES03795157T patent/ES2239934T1/es active Pending
  • 2003-09-15 EP EP03795157A patent/EP1540845A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2003-09-15 WO PCT/IB2003/003922 patent/WO2004025867A1/fr not_active Ceased

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