EP1538192B1 - Benzinzusammensetzung - Google Patents

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Publication number
EP1538192B1
EP1538192B1 EP04106249A EP04106249A EP1538192B1 EP 1538192 B1 EP1538192 B1 EP 1538192B1 EP 04106249 A EP04106249 A EP 04106249A EP 04106249 A EP04106249 A EP 04106249A EP 1538192 B1 EP1538192 B1 EP 1538192B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
gasoline
range
nitrogen
boiling
attapulgite
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EP04106249A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1538192A1 (de
Inventor
Michael John Grundy
Christopher Russell Millington
Susan Jane Smith
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Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij BV
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Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij BV
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Priority to EP04106249A priority Critical patent/EP1538192B1/de
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/04—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons
    • C10L1/06—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons for spark ignition
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
    • C10L1/234—Macromolecular compounds
    • C10L1/238—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10L1/2383—Polyamines or polyimines, or derivatives thereof (poly)amines and imines; derivatives thereof (substituted by a macromolecular group containing 30C)

Definitions

  • This invention relates to gasoline compositions, more particularly to gasoline compositions containing a nitrogen-containing detergent, to processes for their preparation, and to their use in operation of spark-ignition engines.
  • UK Patent 437, 023 discloses a process for refining cracked hydrocarbons of substantially gasoline boiling range by the treatment with a solid active adsorbent such as fullers earth, clay or other suitable adsorptive catalysts, under conditions of elevated temperature and superatmospheric pressure adequate to maintain said hydrocarbons in substantially liquid phase, which comprises first removing from said hydrocarbons relatively unstable low boiling constituents, namely dissolved gases, propane, part or all of the butanes and their corresponding unsaturates, and reducing the vapour pressure of said hydrocarbons by submitting them to a stabilising fractionation and thereupon subjecting the stabilised hydrocarbons, whilst still hot, to said refining treatment.
  • a solid active adsorbent such as fullers earth, clay or other suitable adsorptive catalysts
  • US Patent 3,529,944 discloses a method for clarifying and stabilizing hydrocarbon liquids which are subject to oxidative deterioration, particularly jet fuels, which includes adding to the fuel a material which accelerates the oxidative deterioration of the fuel, such as a polyphenyl substituted lower alkane or lower alkylene, an alkanol ester of citric acid or acetoxy ethyl monobutylether; passing the hydrocarbon liquid through the solid, particulate, adsorbent media to remove microimpurities and the products of oxidative deterioration; and thereafter adding additional amounts of a stabilizing material to stabilize the hydrocarbon liquid against further oxidative deterioration.
  • a material which accelerates the oxidative deterioration of the fuel such as a polyphenyl substituted lower alkane or lower alkylene, an alkanol ester of citric acid or acetoxy ethyl monobutylether
  • Suitable adsorbent materials include various types of natural or synthetic clays, either treated or untreated, fullers earth, attapulgite, silica gel and adsorbent catalysts.
  • jet fuels are treated by filtration through attapulgite clay. It is specifically taught (Column 6, lines 27 to 32) that the effectiveness of the filtration process can be greatly improved and the life of the filter substantially prolonged if certain promoting agents which apparently promote oxidation and speed up certain types of degradation are added prior to filtration.
  • an antioxidant in the form of 2,6-ditertiary butyl paracresol is added to some jet fuels together with a mixed polyamine product known as "jet fuel additive 5" "JFA5" prior to adsorptive filtration.
  • adsorbent-treated cat cracked gasoline is blended into a fuel composition for use in an internal combustion engine.
  • adsorbents which are useful "for treating the cat cracked gasoline include many of the well known adsorbents such as silica, alumina, silica-alumina, charcoal, carbon black, magnesium silicate, aluminium silicate, zeolites, clay, fuller's earth, magnesia and the like".
  • the adsorbent used is silica-gel.
  • US Patent 5,951,851 relates to a process for removing elemental sulphur from fluids, particularly fuels such as gasoline, jet fuel, diesel, kerosene and fuel additives such as ethers.
  • the process involves contacting the sulphur contaminated fluid with layered double hydroxide (or hydrotalcite) Mg 2 AlNO 3 ; mH 2 O or Mg 3 Al NO 3 ; mH 2 O, where m is the number of waters of hydration.
  • layered double hydroxide or hydrotalcite
  • Kao-tetraethylene glycol, Al 13 pillared montmorillonite, tetramethylammonium-montmorillonite, palygorskite-PF1-s, Kaolinite KGa-1, Kao-cellosolve and Iron (III) montmorillonite are ineffective in removing elemental sulphur, whilst the hydrotalcites Al 2 LiCl, Mg 2 AlNO 3 , Mg 2 FeNO 3 , Mg 3 FeNO 3 and Mg 3 AlNO 3 are particularly effective in removing elemental sulphur.
  • Japanese publication JP 2002 285179 A relates to an anti-slagging fuel additive which is capable of preventing slagging, a phenomenon caused by the ash in a fuel of such a large ash content as is found in various kinds of fuel represented by coal and oil coke while the fuel is in process of combustion
  • the anti-slagging fuel additive comprising a composition having one or more compounds selected from among aluminum compounds, silica compounds, titanium compounds and zirconium compounds invariably of a form of ultrafine particles 3 to 200 nm in particle diameter dispersed in water and/or oil in a stable state.
  • US Patent 2,094,554 relates to the manufacture of volatile liquid motor fuels, such as gasoline and kerosene, which are relatively stable as to color and anti-knock properties, and have little tendency to form gum, said fuels containing natural or self-generated inhibitors which substantially stabilize the fuel against deterioration.
  • volatile liquid motor fuels such as gasoline and kerosene
  • the fuels may be prepared by manufacturig operations which include any ordinary or preferred cracking process in which heavy oils are converted into low boiling products such as gasoline; reforming operations in which naphtha is transformed into a product of higher anti-knock value; treatments with adsorptive catalysts, such as fuller's earth; treating and refining processes involving chemical polymerization, such as those using aluminium chloride, zinc chloride or other metallic halides; digestion processes for the pressure polymerization of the more reactive unsaturated constituents; and, high temperature and pressure hydrogenation operations (column 2, lines 28 to 42).
  • Classes of materials which may be used as inhibitors include phenols, creylic acids, tar acid oils from coal or wood, polyhydric phenols, aromatic mono- and polyamines (column 3, lines 45 to 48).
  • US Patent 2,768,885 relates to the sweetening of cracked naphthas which contain objectionable amounts of mercaptans. More particularly, US Patent 2,768,885 relates to the sweetening of cracked naphthas by means of a supported cupric chloride catalyst.
  • a catalyst comprises essentially CuCl 2 , water and a carrier in the form of free flowing granules is dispersed into the sour naphtha until a substantially sweet naphtha has been obtained whereupon the sweet product naphtha is separated from the catalyst (column 1, lines 25 to 30).
  • the carrier may be either an adsorbent material such as fuller's earth or acid treated clay or an essentially non-adsorbent material such as pumice or diatomaceous earth (column 1, lines 32 to 35). It is preferred to add to the sweet naphtha an effective amount of an oxidation inhibitor and a metal deactivator (column 1, lines 59 to 61), phenylene diamine-type inhibitors are disclosed at column 2, lines 47 to 65.
  • Group (8) sepiolite, attapulgite and palygorskite, are described as fibrous clay minerals, and these have, as an important structural element, the amphibole double silica chain which is oriented parallel to the c axis.
  • a gasoline composition comprising a major amount of a gasoline suitable for use in a spark-ignition engine, which gasoline comprises a blend of at least two hydrocarbon refinery components boiling within the gasoline boiling range, at least one of which hydrocarbon refinery components has been treated with a fibrous clay mineral of the sepiolite, attapulgite and palygorskite groups, and a minor amount of a nitrogen-containing detergent containing a hydrocarbyl group having a number average molecular weight (Mn) in the range 750 to 6000.
  • Mn number average molecular weight
  • the blend of at least two refinery components has been treated with the fibrous clay mineral.
  • the nitrogen-containing detergent containing a hydrocarbyl group having a number average molecular weight (Mn) in the range 750 to 6000 may be an amine, e.g. a polyisobutylene mono-amine or polyamine, such as a polyisobutylene ethylene diamine, or N-polyisobutenyl-N',N'-dimethyl-1,3-diaminopropane, or amides, e.g. a polyisobutenyl succinimide, and are variously descsribed, for example, in US Patent 5,855,629 and WO 0132812 .
  • the nitrogen-containing detergent is a polyisobutylene monoamine or polyamine or a polyisobutenyl succinimide.
  • a particularly preferred nitrogen-containing detergent is hydrocarbyl amine of formula R 1 -NH 2 and R 1 represents a group R 2 or a group R 2 -CH 2 - and R 2 represents a hydrocarbyl group having a number average molecular weight in the range 750 to 6000, preferably in the range 900 to 3000, more preferably 950 to 2000, and most preferably in the range 950 to 1350, e.g. a polybutenyl or polyisobutenyl group having a number average molecular weight in the range 950 to 1050.
  • the nitrogen-containing detergents are known materials and may be prepared by known methods or by methods analogous to known methods.
  • US Patent 4,832,702 describes the preparation of polybutenyl and polyisobutenyl amines from an appropriate polybutene or polyisobutene by hydroformylation and subsequent amination of the resulting oxo product under hydrogenating conditions.
  • Suitable hydrocarbyl amines are obtainable from BASF A.G., under the trade mark "Kerocom”.
  • the nitrogen-containing detergent may be present in a wide range of concentrations, but is preferably present at a concentration in the range 25 to 2500 ppmw, based on total composition, more preferably 50 to 1000 ppmw, conveniently 50 to 500 ppmw and advantageously 50 to 250 ppmw.
  • Number average molecular weights e.g. of hydrocarbons such as polyalkenes, may be determined by several techniques which give closely similar results. Conveniently Mn may be determined by vapour phase osmometry (VPO) (ASTM D 3592) or by modern gel permeation chromatography (GPC), e.g. as described for example in W.W. Yau, J.J. Kirkland and D.D. Bly, "Modern Size Exclusion Liquid Chromatography", John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1979 . Where the formula of a compound is known, the number average molecular weight can be calculated as its formula weight.
  • VPO vapour phase osmometry
  • GPC gel permeation chromatography
  • gasolines suitable for use in spark ignition engines are mixtures of hydrocarbons having boiling points in the range from 25°C to 232°C and comprising mixtures of saturated hydrocarbons, olefinic hydrocarbons and aromatic hydrocarbons.
  • Preferred are gasoline blends having a saturated hydrocarbon content ranging from 40 to 80 per cent volume, an olefinic hydrocarbon content ranging from 0 to 30 per cent volume and an aromatic hydrocarbon content ranging from 10 to 60 per cent volume.
  • the gasoline can be derived from straight run gasoline, polymer gasoline, natural gasoline, dimer- or trimerised olefins, synthetically produced aromatic hydrocarbon mixtures from thermally or catalytically reformed hydrocarbons, or from catalytically cracked or thermally cracked petroleum stocks, or mixtures thereof.
  • the hydrocarbon composition and octane level of the gasoline are not critical.
  • the octane level, (R+M)/2 will generally be above 85. Any conventional gasoline can be used.
  • hydrocarbons can be supplemented by up to substantial amounts of conventional alcohols or ethers conventionally known for use in gasoline.
  • the gasoline composition is preferably lead-free, and this may be required by law. Where permitted, lead-free anti-knock compounds and/or valve-seat recession protectant compounds (e.g. known potassium salts, sodium salts or phosphorous compounds) may be present.
  • lead-free anti-knock compounds and/or valve-seat recession protectant compounds e.g. known potassium salts, sodium salts or phosphorous compounds
  • Modern gasolines are inherently low-sulphur fuels, e.g. containing less than 200 ppmw sulphur.
  • the gasoline composition may additionally contain one or more corrosion inhibitors, anti-oxidants, dyes, dehazers, metal deactivators, detergents other than a nitrogen-containing detergent containing a hydrocarbyl group having a number average molecular weight (Mn) in the range 750 to 6000 (e.g. a polyether amine), synthetic or mineral oil carriers e.g. a polyalphaolefin or a polyoxyalkylene compound, friction modifiers, diluents and markers.
  • Mn number average molecular weight
  • the present invention further provides a process for the preparation of a gasoline composition of the invention, which comprises treating at least one hydrocarbon refinery component boiling within the gasoline boiling range with a fibrous clay mineral of the sepiolite, attapulgite and palygorskite groups, before or after blending said at least one hydrocarbon refinery component with at least one other hydrocarbon refinery component boiling within the gasoline boiling range, to form a gasoline suitable for use in a spark-ignition engine, and bringing the gasoline suitable for use in spark-ignition engine into admixture with the nitrogen-containing detergent.
  • the treatment with fibrous clay mineral is effected with the hydrocarbons in the liquid phase, very conveniently at ambient temperature.
  • the treatment may very conveniently be effected at atmospheric pressure.
  • a particular hydrocarbon refinery component or combination/components of a gasoline is at least predominantly responsible for deposit formation when used as fuel in a spark-ignition engine, that component or combination of components may be treated with the fibrous clay mineral before blending with at least the other hydrocarbon refinery component to form the gasoline, it is preferred to treat the fully pre-blended gasoline.
  • the process of the invention preferably comprises blending at least two hydrocarbon refinery components boiling within the gasoline boiling range and treating the resulting mixture with a fibrous clay mineral of the sepiolite, attapulgite and palygorskite groups, to form a gasoline suitable for use in a spark-ignition engine, and bringing the gasoline into admixture with the nitrogen-containing detergent.
  • the fibrous clay mineral of the sepiolite, attapulgite and palygorskite, groups must at least contain at least one mineral of the sepiolite, attapulgite and palygorskite groups.
  • fullers earth is used in published literature on clays in a number of different ways, but in the context of the present invention "fullers earth” comprises at least one fibrous clay mineral of the sepiolite, attapulgite and palygorskite groups.
  • One type of fullers earth may comprise a mixture of montmorillonite and palygorskite.
  • the fibrous clay mineral is sepiolite, attapulgite or fullers earth, as will be illustrated in the examples which follow this description.
  • the fibrous clay mineral may remove iron and/or copper ions from iron and/or copper compounds which may contaminate hydrocarbon refinery components.
  • spent clay contains iron and/or copper, whilst containing negligible organic contaminants, it may be susceptible for disposal as land fill, without prior incineration.
  • the present invention further provides a method of operating a spark-ignition engine, which comprises bringing into the combustion chambers of such engine a gasoline composition according to the invention giving improved engine cleanliness, e.g. reduced intake valve deposits.
  • Base fuel blends were prepared from 50%v of an unleaded gasoline (95 ULG) of RON 95.7, MON 84.6, and having sulphur content (ASTM D 2622-94) of 483 ppmw, saturated hydrocarbon content of 49.1% v/v, aromatics content of 29.6% v/v and olefins content of 21.3% v/v (ASTM D6623-01 (procedure C), density at 15°C (DIN 51757/V4) 735.1 kg/m 3 , distillation (ISO 3405/88) IBP 24°C, 10% 41°C, 50% 100°C, 90% 175°C and FBP 218°C and 50% v of a heavy catalytically cracked (HCC) gasoline (the higher boiling fraction of a refinery stream produced by catalytic cracking of heavier hydrocarbons), by mixing at ambient temperature (20°C).
  • HCC heavy catalytically cracked
  • the HCC gasoline had distillation (ISO 3405/88) IBP 65.6°C, 10% 79.3°C, 50% 94.3°C, 90% 124°C and FBP 153.3°C, sulphur content (ASTM D 2622-94) 520 ppmw, RON 91.8 and MON 79.7.
  • the resulting base fuel blends had properties as follows:- density at 15°C (DIN 51757/V4) 746.6 kg/m 3 , distillation (ISO 3405/88) IBP 40°C, 10% 68°C, 50% 98.5°C, 90% 145°C, FBP 195.5°C, RON 93.2, and MON 81.
  • Base fuel at ambient temperature (20°C) was poured into the column, to a depth of 25 to 30 cm above the clay.
  • Flow rate was adjusted to 1 litre/hour, and the column was regularly topped up with fuel. Total volume of 50 litres was passed through each column. The first litre of permeate was discarded, and subsequently 5 litre samples were collected. The 2 nd ,4 th , 6 th , 8 th and final samples were tested for Fe and Cu content.
  • the final samples were also subjected to testing in an intake valve deposit simulator test, using a multiple inclined hot plate (MIHPT) rig, in comparison both with untreated base fuel and with portions of both untreated base fuel and of final samples into which were incorporated (by mixing at ambient temperature (20°C)) a standard detergent additive package (“DP”), at a concentration of 380 ppmw.
  • MIHPT multiple inclined hot plate
  • DP standard detergent additive package
  • Example 1 Attapulgite 30-60, ex Wilfrid Smith Limited (manufactured by Millwhite)
  • Example 2 Fullers Earth 30-60, ex Aldrich
  • Example 3 Sepiolite, ex Steetly Bentonite & Absorbents Ltd.
  • Comparative A Talc
  • ex Aldrich Comparative B Kaolin
  • Ex Aldrich Comparative C Vermiculite
  • ex Aldrich Comparative D Calcined Kaolin 22-60, ex Imerys.
  • Comparative E Bentonite, ex Wilfrid Smith Limited (Manufactured by Cymbar)
  • Comparative F Diatomaceous earth, ex Steetley Bentonite & Absorbents Ltd.
  • This simulator test corresponds closely to that described in SAE Paper 890215, Daneshgari et al ., "The Influence of Temperature upon Gasoline Deposit guild-up on the Intake Valves", Detroit, USA, 27 February to 3 March 1989.
  • the test rig utilises four inclined plates in parallel.
  • the plates are strips of sandblasted aluminium 50 cm long and 2.5 cm wide, having a central groove along their lengths 3 mm wide and 1 mm deep, mounted in the rig at an angle of 3 degrees relative to the horizontal.
  • the temperature at the top end of each plate is maintained at 400°C and at the middle of each plate is maintained at 250°C.
  • Gasoline samples containing test materials at a concentration of non-volatile matter of 100 parts per million by weight (ppmw) in base fuel, are prepared, and 100 ml portions of the gasoline samples are delivered at a rate of 0.6 ml/minute from glass syringes fitted with 20 gauge steel hypodermic Luer lock needles into the groove at the top end of each plate. Once delivery is complete, after about 2 hours and 40 minutes, the plates are allowed to cool to ambient temperature (20°C) and are washed with n-heptane until the run-off liquid is clear, and are then left to dry before assessment of any deposit present.
  • ambient temperature (20°C)
  • n-heptane washed with n-heptane until the run-off liquid is clear, and are then left to dry before assessment of any deposit present.
  • a clear portion of the plate is moved under the camera and an image thereof captured.
  • the section of the plate containing deposit is then moved beneath the camera and an image thereof is captured.
  • the image analyser divides, pixel by corresponding pixel, the deposit image by the clean image and automatically measures the area and optical density of deposit at the pixels contained within overall measuring frame, and calculates an integrated optical density for the image, the numerical value of which is recorded as a test rating.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Benzinzusammensetzung, umfassend eine Hauptmenge eines Benzins, geeignet zur Verwendung in einem Otto-Motor, welches Benzin ein Gemisch aus wenigstens zwei Kohlenwasserstoff-Raffineriekomponenten umfasst, welche innerhalb des Benzinsiedebereichs sieden, wovon wenigstens eine der Kohlenwasserstoff-Raffineriekomponenten mit einem faserigen Tonmineral der Sepiolit-, Attapulgit- und Palygorskit-Gruppen behandelt wurde, und eine Nebenmenge eines stickstoffhältigen Detergens, welches eine Hydrocarbylgruppe mit einem zahlenmittleren Molekulargewicht (Mn) im Bereich von 750 bis 6.000 aufweist.
  2. Benzinzusammensetzung nach Anspruch 1, wobei das Gemisch der wenigstens zwei Kohlenwasserstoff-Raffineriekomponenten mit dem faserigen Tonmineral behandelt wurde.
  3. Benzinzusammensetzung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, wobei das stickstoffhältige Detergens ein Polyisobutylenmonoamin oder -polyamin oder ein Polyisobutenylsuccinimid ist.
  4. Benzinzusammensetzung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, wobei das stickstoffhältige Detergens ein Hydrocarbylamin der Formel R1-NH2 ist, worin R1 eine Gruppe R2 oder eine Gruppe R2-CH2- darstellt und R2 eine Hydrocarbylgruppe mit einem zahlenmittleren Molekulargewicht im Bereich von 900 bis 3.000 bedeutet.
  5. Benzinzusammensetzung nach Anspruch 4, wobei R2 eine Hydrocarbylgruppe mit einem zahlenmittleren Molekulargewicht im Bereich von 950 bis 1.350 bedeutet.
  6. Benzinzusammensetzung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, wobei das stickstoffhältige Detergens in einer Menge im Bereich von 25 bis 2.500 ppmw, bezogen auf die Gesamtzusammensetzung, vorhanden ist.
  7. Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Benzinzusammensetzung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, welches das Behandeln von wenigstens einer Kohlenwasserstoff-Raffineriekomponente, welche im Benzinsiedebereich siedet, mit einem faserigen Tonmaterial der Sepiolit-, Attapulgit- und Palygorskit-Gruppen, vor oder nach dem Mischen der wenigstens einen Kohlenwasserstoff-Raffineriekomponente mit wenigstens einer weiteren Kohlenwasserstoff-Raffineriekomponente, welche innerhalb des Benzinsiedebereichs siedet, zur Ausbildung eines Benzins, welches zur Verwendung in einem Otto-Motor geeignet ist, und das Vermischen des Benzins, welches zur Verwendung in einem Otto-Motor geeignet ist, mit dem stickstoffhältigen Detergens umfasst.
  8. Verfahren nach Anspruch 7, welches das Mischen von mindestens zwei Kohlenwasserstoff-Raffineriekomponenten, welche innerhalb des Benzinsiedebereichs sieden, und das Behandeln des erhaltenen Gemisches mit einem faserigen Tonmineral der Sepiolit-, Attapulgit- und Palygorskit-Gruppen, zur Ausbildung eines Benzins, welches für die Verwendung in einem Otto-Motor geeignet ist, und das Vermischen des Benzins mit dem stickstoffhältigen Detergens umfasst.
  9. Verfahren nach Anspruch 7 oder Anspruch 8, wobei das faserige Tonmaterial Sepiolit, Attapulgit oder eine Fullersche Erde ist, welche wenigstens ein faseriges Tonmineral der Sepiolit-, Attapulgit- und Palygorskit-Gruppen umfasst.
  10. Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Otto-Motors, welches das Einbringen einer Benzinzusammensetzung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6 in die Verbrennungskammern solch eines Motors umfasst.
EP04106249A 2003-12-04 2004-12-02 Benzinzusammensetzung Expired - Lifetime EP1538192B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP04106249A EP1538192B1 (de) 2003-12-04 2004-12-02 Benzinzusammensetzung

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP03257639 2003-12-04
EP32576399 2003-12-04
EP04106249A EP1538192B1 (de) 2003-12-04 2004-12-02 Benzinzusammensetzung

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EP1538192B1 true EP1538192B1 (de) 2007-11-21

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BR (1) BRPI0405407A (de)
DE (1) DE602004010223D1 (de)

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2094554A (en) * 1934-11-08 1937-09-28 Texas Co Manufacture of motor fuels
US2768885A (en) * 1953-08-27 1956-10-30 Standard Oil Co Copper sweetening of cracked naphthas and stabilizing the sweetened naphtha with an amine
BE573997A (de) * 1957-12-20
JP3745973B2 (ja) * 2001-03-23 2006-02-15 タイホー工業株式会社 スラッギング防止用石炭添加剤及び石炭の燃焼方法

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PHILIP BABCOCK GOVE: "WEBSTER'S THIRD NEW INTERNATIONAL DICTIONARY", 1961, G.BELL & SONS, LTD., LONDON *

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DE602004010223D1 (de) 2008-01-03
BRPI0405407A (pt) 2005-08-30

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