EP1537318B1 - Method for operating an internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Method for operating an internal combustion engine Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1537318B1
EP1537318B1 EP03793447A EP03793447A EP1537318B1 EP 1537318 B1 EP1537318 B1 EP 1537318B1 EP 03793447 A EP03793447 A EP 03793447A EP 03793447 A EP03793447 A EP 03793447A EP 1537318 B1 EP1537318 B1 EP 1537318B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
internal combustion
combustion engine
piezoelectric actuator
activating
control unit
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EP03793447A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1537318A1 (en
Inventor
Klaus Joos
Ulrich Steinbrenner
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/20Output circuits, e.g. for controlling currents in command coils
    • F02D41/2096Output circuits, e.g. for controlling currents in command coils for controlling piezoelectric injectors
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M51/00Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by being operated electrically
    • F02M51/06Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle
    • F02M51/0603Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using piezoelectric or magnetostrictive operating means
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M57/00Fuel-injectors combined or associated with other devices
    • F02M57/005Fuel-injectors combined or associated with other devices the devices being sensors

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for operating an internal combustion engine having at least one injection valve, which is assigned to a control device of the internal combustion engine with a drive signal acted upon piezoelectric actuator, which causes a drive signal corresponding needle stroke of a valve needle of the injection valve for fuel injection.
  • the present invention relates to a control device for an internal combustion engine having at least one injection valve, which is associated with a control signal supplied to the control signal piezoelectric actuator, which causes a control signal corresponding to the needle stroke of a valve needle of the injection valve for fuel injection.
  • the present invention relates to a computer program for a control unit of a Internal combustion engine having at least one injection valve, which is assigned to a by the control unit with a drive signal acted upon piezoelectric actuator, which causes a control signal corresponding to the needle stroke of a valve needle of the injection valve for fuel injection.
  • a method for driving a capacitive actuator in which the actuator is operated by defined discharging a capacitor and the energy given thereby.
  • An integral value is formed via the current and the voltage drop across the actuator and compared with a setpoint value, whereby the charging process is aborted if the integral value exceeds the setpoint value.
  • the power output stage usually includes a DC-DC converter (DC / DC) whose performance can not be increased arbitrarily from a cost point of view and because of the available installation space. From the mentioned upper speed limit, the drive power of the DC / DC converter is no longer sufficient to compensate for the energy dissipated in the piezoelectric actuators. In addition, the control unit can assume inadmissibly high temperatures due to the heating of the DC / DC converter.
  • DC / DC DC-DC converter
  • This object is achieved in an operating method for an internal combustion engine of the aforementioned type according to the invention in that the drive signal is changed in response to a picked up by the piezoelectric actuator drive power.
  • the drive signal controlling a piezoelectric actuator is reduced relative to a reference value, the mechanical expansion of the corresponding piezoelectric actuator and thus the needle lift of the corresponding injection valve are also reduced.
  • the loss energy converted in the piezoelectric actuator at a smaller needle stroke is smaller than when the actuator is driven with the reference value, so that when using the operating method according to the invention also a smaller amount of thermal energy is dissipated by the actuator.
  • the energy dissipated in the power output stage is reduced, which also lowers the temperature of the control unit.
  • the injection time must be increased accordingly to allow for the application of the inventive method with reduced needle stroke to inject the same amount of fuel into a combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine as with a conventional control.
  • a limit for a minimum needle stroke or a corresponding minimal drive signal is set.
  • Another, very particular advantage of the operating method according to the invention is the possibility of an increase in the power of the internal combustion engine, which results from the fact that the upper speed limit for multiple injections compared to conventional methods is increased.
  • a predefinable maximum drive power reduces the drive signal to a maximum value.
  • the maximum drive power corresponds for example to a predetermined maximum speed of the internal combustion engine with multiple injection.
  • a particularly simple embodiment of the method according to the invention is characterized in that the maximum value is a constant.
  • the drive signal for the piezoelectric actuator is set to the constant maximum value when the predeterminable maximum drive power or a corresponding maximum speed is exceeded.
  • the maximum value is selected as a function of a characteristic which is stored, for example, in a memory of the control unit.
  • the characteristic curve, as well as the constant maximum value, can be applied, so that a change of the relevant values is possible even after the initial startup of the internal combustion engine.
  • the maximum drive power is preferably applied to increase the flexibility.
  • the drive power received by the piezoelectric actuator is calculated from operating variables of the internal combustion engine. That way is one Monitoring the required for the operation of the actuator drive power possible, the drive power can be determined only from variables that are all present in the control unit of the internal combustion engine, namely: the energy loss of the actuator per needle stroke, the number of injections per cycle and the speed of the internal combustion engine.
  • the drive power picked up by the piezoelectric actuator is detected metrologically. For this purpose, for example, the amount of charge flowing to the piezoelectric actuator and the corresponding charging time and possibly other variables are detected.
  • an internal combustion engine controller having at least one injector associated with a piezoelectric actuator urged by the controller with a drive signal to effect a needle lift of a valve needle of the fuel injector corresponding to the drive signal ,
  • the drive signal can be changed as a function of a drive power received by the piezoelectric actuator.
  • the computer program is suitable for carrying out the method according to the invention.
  • the computer program is advantageously stored on an electrical storage medium, in particular on a flash memory or a read-only memory.
  • FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of the method according to the invention, which is used in an internal combustion engine 10 shown in phantom in FIG. 2 in order to increase a maximum rotational speed and thus also a maximum power of the internal combustion engine 10.
  • the internal combustion engine 10 has injection valves 30a, 30b, 30c which inject fuel from a fuel manifold 26 directly into combustion chambers 32a, 32b, 32c of the cylinders 33a, 33b, 33c.
  • the injection valves 30 a, 30 b, 30 c are controlled by a control unit 34 of the internal combustion engine 10.
  • FIG. 3 The exact structure of the injection valves 30a, 30b, 30c is shown in FIG. 3, in which an injection valve 30 is shown by way of example.
  • Each of the injection valves 30a, 30b, 30c has a piezoelectric actuator 58, which has a Valve needle 44 of the respective injection valve 30a, 30b, 30c drives.
  • valve needle 44 which is also referred to as needle lift, is proportional to a drive signal applied to the piezoelectric actuator 58 by the control unit 34 (FIG. 2) of the internal combustion engine 10 via the lines 70 (FIG. 3).
  • the drive signal is generated within the controller 34 by a DC / DC converter (not shown), which supplies in the present case, all the piezoelectric actuators 58 of the injection valves 30a, 30b, 30c ( Figure 2) of the internal combustion engine 10 with the drive signal. Since the piezoelectric actuators 58 are components with essentially capacitive properties, an amount of electrical charge proportional to the drive signal flows to / from the actuators (s) 58 when driven by the drive signal.
  • the electrical energy to be applied by the DC / DC converter for controlling the piezoelectric actuators 58 results from the product of the number of cylinders 33a, 33b, 33c of the internal combustion engine 10, the power loss of an actuator 58 in dependence From the needle stroke, the number of activations of the actuator 58 per injection cycle and the speed of the internal combustion engine 10th
  • a drive power corresponding to the total control energy is evaluated, that of the piezoelectric actuators 58 of the injection valves 30a, 30b, 30c of the internal combustion engine 10 is received to move the valve needle 44 of the respective injection valve 30a, 30b, 30c.
  • the DC / DC converter contained in the control unit 34 can provide the total drive energy in the time specified by the speed of the internal combustion engine 10, which in step 120 of Figure 1 by comparing the actually picked up by the actuators 58 drive power with an applicable, predetermined maximum Control power is queried, the specification of the needle lift of the injection valves 30a, 30b, 30c according to the subsequent step 130 in a conventional manner, ie The maximum needle stroke of the valve needles 44 is predetermined by the drive signal.
  • step 150 the injection of fuel into the combustion chambers 32a, 32b, 32c of the cylinders 33a, 33b, 33c takes place (FIG. 2).
  • the piezoelectric actuators 58 become in accordance with the present invention is no longer conventionally driven, but it is, as seen in Figure 1, first branched into the query step 140.
  • the piezoelectric actuators 58 are driven by the query 140 with a reduced drive signal, resulting in a reduced needle lift and thus a lower total drive energy.
  • the drive time is extended accordingly.
  • step 140 the control unit 34 of the internal combustion engine 10 polls a status flag indicating how the needle lift of the injection valves 30a, 30b, 30c should be limited.
  • the drive signal can be set to a constant maximum value in step 142.
  • the constant maximum value and the characteristic are applicable, so that adjustments of the stored values are possible at any time.
  • step 130 injection of fuel into the combustion chambers 32a, 32b, 32c of the cylinders 33a, 33b, 33c takes place according to step 150 after the specification of the activation signal in one of the steps 142, 144.
  • the internal combustion engine 10 can be operated at a higher speed using the inventive control with reduced needle lift, without the Total drive energy to be applied by the DC / DC converter assumes impermissibly high values. In this case, there is a performance increase of the internal combustion engine 10.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
  • Electrical Control Of Air Or Fuel Supplied To Internal-Combustion Engine (AREA)

Description

Stand der TechnikState of the art

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Betrieb einer Brennkraftmaschine mit mindestens einem Einspritzventil, dem ein durch ein Steuergerät der Brennkraftmaschine mit einem Ansteuersignal beaufschlagtes piezoelektrisches Stellglied zugeordnet ist, das einen dem Ansteuersignal entsprechenden Nadelhub einer Ventilnadel des Einspritzventils für eine Kraftstoffeinspritzung bewirkt.The present invention relates to a method for operating an internal combustion engine having at least one injection valve, which is assigned to a control device of the internal combustion engine with a drive signal acted upon piezoelectric actuator, which causes a drive signal corresponding needle stroke of a valve needle of the injection valve for fuel injection.

Ferner betrifft die vorliegende Erfindung ein Steuergerät für eine Brennkraftmaschine mit mindestens einem Einspritzventil, dem ein durch das Steuergerät mit einem Ansteuersignal beaufschlagtes piezoelektrisches Stellglied zugeordnet ist, das einen dem Ansteuersignal entsprechenden Nadelhub einer Ventilnadel des Einspritzventils für eine Kraftstoffeinspritzung bewirkt.Furthermore, the present invention relates to a control device for an internal combustion engine having at least one injection valve, which is associated with a control signal supplied to the control signal piezoelectric actuator, which causes a control signal corresponding to the needle stroke of a valve needle of the injection valve for fuel injection.

Darüber hinaus betrifft die vorliegende Erfindung ein Computerprogramm für ein Steuergerät einer Brennkraftmaschine mit mindestens einem Einspritzventil, dem ein durch das Steuergerät mit einem Ansteuersignal beaufschlagtes piezoelektrisches Stellglied zugeordnet ist, das einen dem Ansteuersignal entsprechenden Nadelhub einer Ventilnadel des Einspritzventils für eine Kraftstoffeinspritzung bewirkt.Moreover, the present invention relates to a computer program for a control unit of a Internal combustion engine having at least one injection valve, which is assigned to a by the control unit with a drive signal acted upon piezoelectric actuator, which causes a control signal corresponding to the needle stroke of a valve needle of the injection valve for fuel injection.

Herkömmliche Betriebsverfahren der eingangs genannten Art haben den Nachteil, dass aufgrund der in den piezoelektrischen Stellgliedern umgesetzten Verlustleistung und der begrenzten, vom Steuergerät bzw. einer Leistungsendstufe des Steuergeräts bereitgestellten Ansteuerleistung insbesondere bei einer Mehrfacheinspritzung eine obere Drehzahlgrenze für die Brennkraftmaschine definiert wird, die die maximale Leistung der Brennkraftmaschine begrenzt.Conventional operating methods of the type mentioned have the disadvantage that due to the converted power in the piezoelectric actuators and the limited, provided by the control unit or a power output stage of the control unit drive power, especially in a multiple injection, an upper speed limit is defined for the internal combustion engine, the maximum power the internal combustion engine limited.

Aus der DE 196 44 521 A1 ist ein Verfahren zum Ansteuern eines kapazitiven Stellglieds bekannt, bei dem das Stellglied durch definiertes Entladen eines Kondensators und der dadurch vorgegebenen Energie betrieben wird. Über den Strom und der am Stellglied abfallenden Spannung wird ein Integralwert gebildet und mit einem Sollwert verglichen, wobei der Ladevorgang abgebrochen wird, wenn der Integralwert den Sollwert überschreitet.From the DE 196 44 521 A1 a method for driving a capacitive actuator is known in which the actuator is operated by defined discharging a capacitor and the energy given thereby. An integral value is formed via the current and the voltage drop across the actuator and compared with a setpoint value, whereby the charging process is aborted if the integral value exceeds the setpoint value.

Die Leistungsendstufe umfasst üblicherweise einen Gleichstrom-Gleichstrom-(DC/DC)-Wandler, dessen Leistung aus Kostengesichtspunkten und wegen des zur Verfügung stehenden Einbauraums nicht beliebig gesteigert werden kann. Ab der angesprochenen oberen Drehzahlgrenze reicht die Ansteuerleistung des DC/DC-Wandlers nicht mehr aus, die in den piezoelektrischen Stellgliedern umgesetzte Verlustenergie zu kompensieren. Darüber hinaus kann das Steuergerät durch die Erwärmung des DC/DC-Wandlers unzulässig hohe Temperaturen annehmen.The power output stage usually includes a DC-DC converter (DC / DC) whose performance can not be increased arbitrarily from a cost point of view and because of the available installation space. From the mentioned upper speed limit, the drive power of the DC / DC converter is no longer sufficient to compensate for the energy dissipated in the piezoelectric actuators. In addition, the control unit can assume inadmissibly high temperatures due to the heating of the DC / DC converter.

Ein weiterer Nachteil bekannter Verfahren besteht in der Notwendigkeit der Ableitung der Verlustleistung von den piezoelektrischen Stellgliedern, um eine Überhitzung der Stellglieder zu verhindern.Another disadvantage of known methods is the need to dissipate the power dissipation from the piezoelectric actuators to prevent overheating of the actuators.

Demgemäß ist es Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, ein verbessertes Betriebsverfahren, ein Steuergerät und ein Computerprogramm hierfür anzugeben, wodurch eine Leistungssteigerung der Brennkraftmaschine ermöglicht wird und gleichzeitig die in den piezoelektrischen Stellgliedern umgesetzte Verlustleistung verringert wird.Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide an improved method of operation, a control device and a computer program therefor, whereby a Increasing the performance of the internal combustion engine is made possible and at the same time the converted in the piezoelectric actuators power loss is reduced.

Diese Aufgabe wird bei einem Betriebsverfahren für eine Brennkraftmaschine der eingangs genannten Art erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, dass das Ansteuersignal in Abhängigkeit von einer von dem piezoelektrischen Stellglied aufgenommenen Ansteuerleistung geändert wird.This object is achieved in an operating method for an internal combustion engine of the aforementioned type according to the invention in that the drive signal is changed in response to a picked up by the piezoelectric actuator drive power.

Dadurch ist es möglich, das Ansteuersignal stets so zu wählen, bspw. zu verringern, dass noch ein sicherer Betrieb der Brennkraftmaschine sowie eine ausreichende Ableitung der Verlustwärme von den piezoelektrischen Stellgliedern gewährleistet ist. Ferner ist auf diese Weise sichergestellt, dass die Steuergerätetemperatur stets innerhalb zulässiger Grenzen bleibt.This makes it possible to always select the drive signal so as to reduce, for example, that even a safe operation of the internal combustion engine and a sufficient dissipation of the heat loss is ensured by the piezoelectric actuators. Furthermore, it is ensured in this way that the control unit temperature always remains within permissible limits.

Sobald das ein piezoelektrisches Stellglied steuernde Ansteuersignal gegenüber einem Bezugswert verringert wird, verringert sich auch die mechanische Ausdehnung des entsprechenden piezoelektrischen Stellglieds und damit der Nadelhub des entsprechenden Einspritzventils. Die bei einem geringeren Nadelhub in dem piezoelektrischen Stellglied umgesetzte Verlustenergie ist kleiner als bei Ansteuerung des Stellglieds mit dem Bezugswert, so dass bei der Anwendung des erfindungsgemäßen Betriebsverfahrens auch eine geringere Menge thermischer Energie von dem Stellglied abzuführen ist. Ebenso wird die in der Leistungsendstufe umgesetzte Verlustenergie verringert, wodurch auch die Steuergerätetemperatur sinkt.As soon as the drive signal controlling a piezoelectric actuator is reduced relative to a reference value, the mechanical expansion of the corresponding piezoelectric actuator and thus the needle lift of the corresponding injection valve are also reduced. The loss energy converted in the piezoelectric actuator at a smaller needle stroke is smaller than when the actuator is driven with the reference value, so that when using the operating method according to the invention also a smaller amount of thermal energy is dissipated by the actuator. Likewise, the energy dissipated in the power output stage is reduced, which also lowers the temperature of the control unit.

Da sich bei verringertem Nadelhub auch ein geringerer statischer Durchfluss an Kraftstoff durch das Einspritzventil ergibt, muss die Einspritzzeit entsprechend angehoben werden, um bei der Anwendung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens mit reduziertem Nadelhub dieselbe Kraftstoffmenge in einen Brennraum der Brennkraftmaschine einzuspritzen wie mit einer herkömmlichen Ansteuerung.Since there is less static flow of fuel through the injector when the needle stroke is reduced, the injection time must be increased accordingly to allow for the application of the inventive method with reduced needle stroke to inject the same amount of fuel into a combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine as with a conventional control.

Um Verschmutzungen zu vermeiden, die z.B. durch ein Einklemmen von Partikeln in einer Öffnung des Einspritzventils entstehen, ist eine Grenze für einen minimalen Nadelhub bzw. ein damit korrespondierendes minimales Ansteuersignal festzulegen.To avoid soiling, e.g. caused by pinching of particles in an opening of the injection valve, a limit for a minimum needle stroke or a corresponding minimal drive signal is set.

Ein weiterer, ganz besonderer Vorteil des erfindungsgemäßen Betriebsverfahrens besteht in der Möglichkeit einer Leistungssteigerung der Brennkraftmaschine, die sich dadurch ergibt, dass die obere Drehzahlgrenze für Mehrfacheinspritzungen gegenüber herkömmlichen Verfahren erhöht ist.Another, very particular advantage of the operating method according to the invention is the possibility of an increase in the power of the internal combustion engine, which results from the fact that the upper speed limit for multiple injections compared to conventional methods is increased.

Wie bereits angesprochen, wird durch die erfindungsgemäße Reduzierung des Nadelhubs pro Zeit eine geringere Verlustenergie in dem piezoelektrischen Stellglied umgesetzt. Diese Einsparungen, d.h. die Differenz zur maximal zulässigen Verlustenergie, die durch den DC/DC-Wandler kompensiert werden kann, können dazu aufgewandt werden, die Brennkraftmaschine mit einer höheren Drehzahl und Mehrfacheinspritzungen hierbei zu betreiben, wobei die in dem piezoelektrischen Stellglied umgesetzte Verlustenergie aufgrund ihrer Proportionalität zur Drehzahl wieder zunimmt. Somit ist ein Betrieb der Brennkraftmaschine bei gleicher maximaler Leistung des DC/DC-Wandlers und erhöhter maximaler Drehzahl mit Mehrfacheinspritzungen und damit erhöhter maximaler Leistung der Brennkraftmaschine möglich.As already mentioned, a smaller loss energy is converted in the piezoelectric actuator per time by the inventive reduction of the needle stroke. These savings, i. the difference to the maximum allowable energy loss that can be compensated by the DC / DC converter may be used to drive the engine at a higher speed and multiple injections, with the energy dissipated in the piezoelectric actuator reverting to speed due to its proportionality to the speed increases. Thus, an operation of the internal combustion engine at the same maximum power of the DC / DC converter and increased maximum speed with multiple injections and thus increased maximum power of the internal combustion engine is possible.

Bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren wird bei Überschreiten einer vorgebbaren maximalen Ansteuerleistung das Ansteuersignal auf einen Maximalwert reduziert. Die maximale Ansteuerleistung entspricht beispielsweise einer vorgegebenen Maximaldrehzahl der Brennkraftmaschine bei Mehrfacheinspritzung. Durch entsprechende Wahl des Maximalwerts ist dabei eine Reduzierung des Nadelhubs möglich, so dass bei gleicher Verlustleistung im piezoelektrischen Stellglied die Drehzahl der Brennkraftmaschine bei Mehrfacheinspritzung gesteigert werden kann.In the method according to the invention is exceeded when a predefinable maximum drive power reduces the drive signal to a maximum value. The maximum drive power corresponds for example to a predetermined maximum speed of the internal combustion engine with multiple injection. By appropriate choice of the maximum value, a reduction of the needle stroke is possible, so that with the same power loss in the piezoelectric actuator, the speed of the internal combustion engine can be increased with multiple injection.

Eine ganz besonders einfache Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Maximalwert eine Konstante ist. Bei dieser Ausführungsform wird das Ansteuersignal für das piezoelektrische Stellglied bei Überschreiten der vorgebbaren maximalen Ansteuerleistung bzw. einer damit korrespondierenden Maximaldrehzahl auf den konstanten Maximalwert gesetzt.A particularly simple embodiment of the method according to the invention is characterized in that the maximum value is a constant. In this embodiment, the drive signal for the piezoelectric actuator is set to the constant maximum value when the predeterminable maximum drive power or a corresponding maximum speed is exceeded.

Bei einer anderen vorteilhaften Ausführungsform der Erfindung wird der Maximalwert in Abhängigkeit von einer Kennlinie gewählt, die beispielsweise in einem Speicher des Steuergeräts abgelegt ist.In another advantageous embodiment of the invention, the maximum value is selected as a function of a characteristic which is stored, for example, in a memory of the control unit.

Die Kennlinie ist, ebenso wie der konstante Maximalwert, applizierbar, so dass eine Veränderung der betreffenden Werte auch noch nach der Erstinbetriebnahme der Brennkraftmaschine möglich ist. Auch die maximale Ansteuerleistung ist zur Steigerung der Flexibilität vorzugsweise applizierbar.The characteristic curve, as well as the constant maximum value, can be applied, so that a change of the relevant values is possible even after the initial startup of the internal combustion engine. The maximum drive power is preferably applied to increase the flexibility.

Besonders vorteilhaft ist gemäß einer weiteren Variante der Erfindung, dass die von dem piezoelektrischen Stellglied aufgenommene Ansteuerleistung aus Betriebsgrößen der Brennkraftmaschine berechnet wird. Auf diese Weise ist eine Überwachung der zum Betrieb des Stellglieds erforderlichen Ansteuerleistung möglich, wobei die Ansteuerleistung allein aus Größen ermittelbar ist, die alle in dem Steuergerät der Brennkraftmaschine vorliegen, nämlich: die Verlustenergie des Stellglieds je Nadelhub, die Anzahl der Einspritzungen je Zyklus und die Drehzahl der Brennkraftmaschine.According to a further variant of the invention, it is particularly advantageous for the drive power received by the piezoelectric actuator to be calculated from operating variables of the internal combustion engine. That way is one Monitoring the required for the operation of the actuator drive power possible, the drive power can be determined only from variables that are all present in the control unit of the internal combustion engine, namely: the energy loss of the actuator per needle stroke, the number of injections per cycle and the speed of the internal combustion engine.

Bei einer anderen Variante des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens wird die von dem piezoelektrischen Stellglied aufgenommene Ansteuerleistung messtechnisch erfasst. Hierzu wird beispielsweise die auf das piezoelektrische Stellglied fließende Ladungsmenge und die entsprechende Ladezeit sowie ggf. weitere Größen erfasst.In another variant of the method according to the invention, the drive power picked up by the piezoelectric actuator is detected metrologically. For this purpose, for example, the amount of charge flowing to the piezoelectric actuator and the corresponding charging time and possibly other variables are detected.

Als eine weitere Lösung der Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist ein Steuergerät für eine Brennkraftmaschine vorgeschlagen, mit mindestens einem Einspritzventil, dem ein durch das Steuergerät mit einem Ansteuersignal beaufschlagtes piezoelektrisches Stellglied zugeordnet ist, das einen dem Ansteuersignal entsprechenden Nadelhub einer Ventilnadel des Einspritzventils für eine Kraftstoffeinspritzung bewirkt. Bei dem Steuergerät ist das Ansteuersignal in Abhängigkeit von einer von dem piezoelektrischen Stellglied aufgenommenen Ansteuerleistung änderbar.As another solution to the object of the present invention, there is provided an internal combustion engine controller having at least one injector associated with a piezoelectric actuator urged by the controller with a drive signal to effect a needle lift of a valve needle of the fuel injector corresponding to the drive signal , In the control device, the drive signal can be changed as a function of a drive power received by the piezoelectric actuator.

Ferner ist als noch eine weitere Lösung für die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung bei einem Computerprogramm der eingangs genannten Art vorgeschlagen, dass das Computerprogramm zur Ausführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens geeignet ist. Das Computerprogramm ist vorteilhaft auf einem elektrischen Speichermedium, insbesondere auf einem Flash-Memory oder einem Read-Only-Memory, abgespeichert.Further, as yet another solution for the object of the present invention is proposed in a computer program of the type mentioned that the computer program is suitable for carrying out the method according to the invention. The computer program is advantageously stored on an electrical storage medium, in particular on a flash memory or a read-only memory.

Weitere Merkmale, Anwendungsmöglichkeiten und Vorteile der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung von Ausführungsbeispielen der Erfindung, die in den Figuren der Zeichnung dargestellt sind. Dabei bilden alle beschriebenen oder dargestellten Merkmale für sich oder in beliebiger Kombination den Gegenstand der Erfindung, unabhängig von ihrer Zusammenfassung in den Patentansprüchen oder deren Rückbeziehung sowie unabhängig von ihrer Formulierung bzw. Darstellung in der Beschreibung bzw. in der Zeichnung.

Figur 1
zeigt einen Ablaufplan einer Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens,
Figur 2
zeigt eine erfindungsgemäße Brennkraftmaschine, und
Figur 3
zeigt ein Einspritzventil der Brennkraftmaschine aus Figur 2.
Other features, applications and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following description of embodiments of the invention, which are illustrated in the figures of the drawing. All described or illustrated features, alone or in any combination form the subject matter of the invention, regardless of their summary in the claims or their dependency and regardless of their formulation or representation in the description or in the drawing.
FIG. 1
shows a flowchart of an embodiment of the method according to the invention,
FIG. 2
shows an internal combustion engine according to the invention, and
FIG. 3
shows an injection valve of the internal combustion engine of Figure 2.

Figur 1 zeigt eine Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens, das bei einer in Figur 2 strichpunktiert dargestellten Brennkraftmaschine 10 eingesetzt wird, um eine maximale Drehzahl und damit auch eine maximale Leistung der Brennkraftmaschine 10 zu erhöhen.FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of the method according to the invention, which is used in an internal combustion engine 10 shown in phantom in FIG. 2 in order to increase a maximum rotational speed and thus also a maximum power of the internal combustion engine 10.

Die Brennkraftmaschine 10 weist Einspritzventile 30a, 30b, 30c auf, die Kraftstoff aus einer Kraftstoff-Sammelleitung 26 direkt in Brennräume 32a, 32b, 32c der Zylinder 33a, 33b, 33c einspritzen. Die Einspritzventile 30a, 30b, 30c werden von einem Steuergerät 34 der Brennkraftmaschine 10 gesteuert.The internal combustion engine 10 has injection valves 30a, 30b, 30c which inject fuel from a fuel manifold 26 directly into combustion chambers 32a, 32b, 32c of the cylinders 33a, 33b, 33c. The injection valves 30 a, 30 b, 30 c are controlled by a control unit 34 of the internal combustion engine 10.

Der genaue Aufbau der Einspritzventile 30a, 30b, 30c ergibt sich aus Figur 3, in der beispielhaft ein Einspritzventil 30 abgebildet ist. Jedes der Einspritzventile 30a, 30b, 30c weist ein piezoelektrisches Stellglied 58 auf, das eine Ventilnadel 44 des jeweiligen Einspritzventils 30a, 30b, 30c antreibt.The exact structure of the injection valves 30a, 30b, 30c is shown in FIG. 3, in which an injection valve 30 is shown by way of example. Each of the injection valves 30a, 30b, 30c has a piezoelectric actuator 58, which has a Valve needle 44 of the respective injection valve 30a, 30b, 30c drives.

Der von der Ventilnadel 44 zurückgelegte Weg, der auch als Nadelhub bezeichnet wird, ist proportional zu einem Ansteuersignal, mit dem das piezoelektrische Stellglied 58 von dem Steuergerät 34 (Figur 2) der Brennkraftmaschine 10 über die Leitungen 70 (Figur 3) beaufschlagt wird.The path traveled by the valve needle 44, which is also referred to as needle lift, is proportional to a drive signal applied to the piezoelectric actuator 58 by the control unit 34 (FIG. 2) of the internal combustion engine 10 via the lines 70 (FIG. 3).

Das Ansteuersignal wird innerhalb des Steuergeräts 34 von einem DC/DC-Wandler (nicht gezeigt) erzeugt, der im vorliegenden Fall alle piezoelektrischen Stellglieder 58 der Einspritzventile 30a, 30b, 30c (Figur 2) der Brennkraftmaschine 10 mit dem Ansteuersignal versorgt. Da es sich bei den piezoelektrischen Stellgliedern 58 um Bauelemente mit im wesentlichen kapazitiven Eigenschaften handelt, fließt bei einer Ansteuerung mit dem Ansteuersignal eine zu dem Ansteuersignal proportionale Menge elektrischer Ladung auf die / von den Stellglieder(n) 58.The drive signal is generated within the controller 34 by a DC / DC converter (not shown), which supplies in the present case, all the piezoelectric actuators 58 of the injection valves 30a, 30b, 30c (Figure 2) of the internal combustion engine 10 with the drive signal. Since the piezoelectric actuators 58 are components with essentially capacitive properties, an amount of electrical charge proportional to the drive signal flows to / from the actuators (s) 58 when driven by the drive signal.

Die vom DC/DC-Wandler zur Ansteuerung der piezoelektrischen Stellglieder 58 aufzubringende elektrische Energie, die im folgenden als Gesamtansteuerungsenergie bezeichnet wird, ergibt sich aus dem Produkt der Zahl der Zylinder 33a, 33b, 33c der Brennkraftmaschine 10, der Verlustleistung eines Stellglieds 58 in Abhängigkeit vom Nadelhub, der Zahl der Ansteuerungen des Stellglieds 58 je Einspritzzyklus und der Drehzahl der Brennkraftmaschine 10.The electrical energy to be applied by the DC / DC converter for controlling the piezoelectric actuators 58, which is referred to below as total drive energy, results from the product of the number of cylinders 33a, 33b, 33c of the internal combustion engine 10, the power loss of an actuator 58 in dependence From the needle stroke, the number of activations of the actuator 58 per injection cycle and the speed of the internal combustion engine 10th

In einem ersten Schritt 110 des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens (Figur 1) wird eine mit der Gesamtsteuerungsenergie korrespondierende Ansteuerleistung ausgewertet, die von den piezoelektrischen Stellgliedern 58 der Einspritzventile 30a, 30b, 30c der Brennkraftmaschine 10 aufgenommen wird, um die Ventilnadel 44 des jeweiligen Einspritzventils 30a, 30b, 30c zu bewegen.In a first step 110 of the method according to the invention (FIG. 1), a drive power corresponding to the total control energy is evaluated, that of the piezoelectric actuators 58 of the injection valves 30a, 30b, 30c of the internal combustion engine 10 is received to move the valve needle 44 of the respective injection valve 30a, 30b, 30c.

Solange der im Steuergerät 34 enthaltene DC/DC-Wandler die Gesamtansteuerungsenergie in der durch die Drehzahl der Brennkraftmaschine 10 vorgegebenen Zeit bereitstellen kann, was im Schritt 120 der Figur 1 durch einen Vergleich der tatsächlich von den Stellgliedern 58 aufgenommenen Ansteuerleistung mit einer applizierbaren, vorgegebenen maximalen Ansteuerleistung abgefragt wird, erfolgt die Vorgabe des Nadelhubs der Einspritzventile 30a, 30b, 30c gemäß dem nachfolgenden Schritt 130 auf konventionelle Weise, d.h. es wird der maximale Nadelhub der Ventilnadeln 44 durch das Ansteuersignal vorgegeben.As long as the DC / DC converter contained in the control unit 34 can provide the total drive energy in the time specified by the speed of the internal combustion engine 10, which in step 120 of Figure 1 by comparing the actually picked up by the actuators 58 drive power with an applicable, predetermined maximum Control power is queried, the specification of the needle lift of the injection valves 30a, 30b, 30c according to the subsequent step 130 in a conventional manner, ie The maximum needle stroke of the valve needles 44 is predetermined by the drive signal.

Anschließend erfolgt in Schritt 150 die Einspritzung von Kraftstoff in die Brennräume 32a, 32b, 32c der Zylinder 33a, 33b, 33c (Figur 2).Subsequently, in step 150, the injection of fuel into the combustion chambers 32a, 32b, 32c of the cylinders 33a, 33b, 33c takes place (FIG. 2).

Falls der Vergleich der tatsächlich von den Stellgliedern 58 aufgenommenen Ansteuerleistung mit der vorgegebenen maximalen Ansteuerleistung in Schritt 120 jedoch ergibt, dass der DC/DC-Wandler bei gegebener Drehzahl sowie Mehrfacheinspritzung der Brennkraftmaschine 10 die Gesamtansteuerungsenergie nicht mehr aufwenden kann, werden die piezoelektrischen Stellglieder 58 erfindungsgemäß nicht mehr konventionell angesteuert, sondern es wird, wie aus Figur 1 ersichtlich, zunächst in den Abfrageschritt 140 verzweigt.However, if the comparison of the drive power actually received by the actuators 58 with the predetermined maximum drive power in step 120 shows that the DC / DC converter can no longer use the total drive power at a given speed and multiple injection of the engine 10, the piezoelectric actuators 58 become in accordance with the present invention is no longer conventionally driven, but it is, as seen in Figure 1, first branched into the query step 140.

Unabhängig von dem Ergebnis der noch zu erläuternden Abfrage 140 werden die piezoelektrischen Stellglieder 58 nach der Abfrage 140 mit einem reduzierten Ansteuersignal angesteuert, wodurch sich ein reduzierter Nadelhub und damit eine geringere Gesamtansteuerungsenergie ergibt. Um trotzdem dieselbe Einspritzmenge wie bei der konventionellen Ansteuerung mit maximalem Nadelhub, vgl. Schritt 130, zu erhalten, wird die Ansteuerzeit entsprechend verlängert.Regardless of the result of the query 140 to be explained, the piezoelectric actuators 58 are driven by the query 140 with a reduced drive signal, resulting in a reduced needle lift and thus a lower total drive energy. To still the same injection quantity as in the conventional control with maximum needle stroke, cf. Step 130, the drive time is extended accordingly.

In Schritt 140 schließlich wird von dem Steuergerät 34 der Brennkraftmaschine 10 ein Statusflag abgefragt, das besagt, auf welche Weise der Nadelhub der Einspritzventile 30a, 30b, 30c begrenzt werden soll. Zum einen kann das Ansteuersignal in Schritt 142 auf einen konstanten Maximalwert gesetzt werden. Andererseits ist es bei dem Verfahren gemäß Figur 1 auch möglich, den Maximalwert für das Ansteuersignal im Schritt 144 in Abhängigkeit von einer Kennlinie zu wählen, die in einem Speicher des Steuergeräts 34 abgelegt ist.Finally, in step 140, the control unit 34 of the internal combustion engine 10 polls a status flag indicating how the needle lift of the injection valves 30a, 30b, 30c should be limited. On the one hand, the drive signal can be set to a constant maximum value in step 142. On the other hand, it is also possible in the method according to FIG. 1 to select the maximum value for the activation signal in step 144 as a function of a characteristic which is stored in a memory of the control unit.

Der konstante Maximalwert und die Kennlinie sind applizierbar, so dass Anpassungen der gespeicherten Werte jederzeit möglich sind.The constant maximum value and the characteristic are applicable, so that adjustments of the stored values are possible at any time.

Analog zu Schritt 130 erfolgt auch nach der Vorgabe des Ansteuersignals in einem der Schritte 142, 144 die Einspritzung von Kraftstoff in die Brennräume 32a, 32b, 32c der Zylinder 33a, 33b, 33c gemäß Schritt 150.Analogously to step 130, injection of fuel into the combustion chambers 32a, 32b, 32c of the cylinders 33a, 33b, 33c takes place according to step 150 after the specification of the activation signal in one of the steps 142, 144.

Aufgrund des geringeren Nadelhubs bei der Ansteuerung der piezoelektrischen Stellglieder 58 gemäß einem der Schritte 142, 144 ergibt sich bei gleicher Drehzahl im Vergleich zur Ansteuerung der Stellglieder 58 mit maximalem Nadelhub eine Reduzierung der von den Stellgliedern 58 aufgenommenen Ansteuerleistung, so dass die von den Stellgliedern 58 abzuführende Wärmeenergie ebenfalls verringert ist. Zusätzlich verringert sich die Temperatur des Steuergeräts 34 entsprechend.Due to the smaller needle lift in the control of the piezoelectric actuators 58 according to one of the steps 142, 144 results at the same speed compared to the control of the actuators 58 with maximum needle stroke, a reduction of the pickup by the actuators 58 drive power, so that the actuators 58th dissipated heat energy is also reduced. In addition, the temperature of the controller 34 decreases accordingly.

Alternativ kann die Brennkraftmaschine 10 unter Einsatz der erfindungsgemäßen Ansteuerung mit reduziertem Nadelhub auch bei einer höheren Drehzahl betrieben werden, ohne dass die vom DC/DC-Wandler aufzubringende Gesamtansteuerungsenergie unzulässig hohe Werte annimmt. In diesem Fall ergibt sich eine Leistungssteigerung der Brennkraftmaschine 10.Alternatively, the internal combustion engine 10 can be operated at a higher speed using the inventive control with reduced needle lift, without the Total drive energy to be applied by the DC / DC converter assumes impermissibly high values. In this case, there is a performance increase of the internal combustion engine 10.

Die Ermittlung der im Schritt 120 für den beschriebenen Vergleich erforderlichen tatsächlich von den Stellgliedern 58 aufgenommenen Ansteuerleistung erfolgt im vorliegenden Fall durch eine Berechnung aus den Betriebsgrößen der Brennkraftmaschine 10, wie sie bereits beschrieben worden ist.The determination of the drive power actually taken up by the actuators 58 in step 120 for the described comparison takes place in the present case by a calculation from the operating variables of the internal combustion engine 10, as has already been described.

Alternativ hierzu ist es auch möglich, die tatsächlich von den Stellgliedern 58 aufgenommene Ansteuerleistung messtechnisch zu erfassen, indem die auf das jeweilige piezoelektrische Stellglied 58 fließende Ladungsmenge und die entsprechende Ladezeit hierfür sowie ggf. weitere Größen der Brennkraftmaschine 10 erfasst werden.As an alternative to this, it is also possible to metrologically detect the drive power actually picked up by the actuators 58 by detecting the amount of charge flowing to the respective piezoelectric actuator 58 and the corresponding charging time therefor, as well as possibly further variables of the internal combustion engine 10.

Claims (9)

  1. Method for operating an internal combustion engine (10) having at least one injection valve (30) which is assigned a piezoelectric actuator (58) which is acted on with an activating signal by a control unit (34) of the internal combustion engine (10), which piezoelectric actuator (58) causes a needle lift, which corresponds to the activating signal, of a valve needle (44) of the injection valve (30) for a fuel injection, with the activating signal being varied as a function of an activating power drawn by the piezoelectric actuator (58),
    characterized in that,
    in the event of a maximum activating power being exceeded, the activating signal is reduced to a maximum value.
  2. Method according to Claim 1, characterized in that the maximum value is a constant.
  3. Method according to Claim 1, characterized in that the maximum value is selected as a function of a characteristic curve.
  4. Method according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the maximum activating power and/or maximum value and/or the characteristic curve for the maximum value is applied.
  5. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the activating power drawn by the piezoelectric actuator (58) is calculated from operating variables of the internal combustion engine (10).
  6. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the activating power drawn by the piezoelectric actuator (58) is measured using measuring technology.
  7. Control unit (34) for an internal combustion engine (10) having at least one injection valve (30) which is assigned a piezoelectric actuator (58) which is acted on with an activating signal by the control unit (34), which piezoelectric actuator (58) causes a needle lift, which corresponds to the activating signal, of a valve needle (44) of the injection valve (30) for a fuel injection, with the activating signal being varied as a function of an activating power drawn by the piezoelectric actuator (58),
    characterized in that,
    in the event of a maximum predefinable activating power being exceeded, the activating signal is reduced to a maximum value.
  8. Computer program for a control unit (34) for an internal combustion engine (10) having at least one injection valve (30) which is assigned a piezoelectric actuator (58) which is acted on with an activating signal by the control unit (34), which piezoelectric actuator (58) causes a needle lift, which corresponds to the activating signal, of a valve needle (44) of the injection valve (30) for a fuel injection, characterized in that the computer program is suitable for carrying out the method according to one of Claims 1 to 6.
  9. Computer program according to Claim 8,
    characterized in that the computer program is stored on an electric storage medium, in particular on a flash memory or on a read-only memory.
EP03793447A 2002-09-03 2003-07-07 Method for operating an internal combustion engine Expired - Lifetime EP1537318B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2002140493 DE10240493A1 (en) 2002-09-03 2002-09-03 Method for operating an internal combustion engine
DE10240493 2002-09-03
PCT/DE2003/002254 WO2004022957A1 (en) 2002-09-03 2003-07-07 Method for operating an internal combustion engine

Publications (2)

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EP1537318A1 EP1537318A1 (en) 2005-06-08
EP1537318B1 true EP1537318B1 (en) 2007-09-26

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EP (1) EP1537318B1 (en)
JP (1) JP2005537431A (en)
DE (2) DE10240493A1 (en)
ES (1) ES2291732T3 (en)
WO (1) WO2004022957A1 (en)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102004012428A1 (en) * 2003-09-23 2005-04-28 Bosch Gmbh Robert Method, computer program and apparatus for operating an internal combustion engine
EP2045459B1 (en) * 2007-10-04 2012-03-07 Delphi Technologies Holding S.à.r.l. A method of controlling fuel injection apparatus
DE102009052487B4 (en) * 2009-11-09 2019-10-10 Continental Automotive Gmbh Method for operating a control unit for an internal combustion engine
DE102010042844B4 (en) 2010-10-25 2022-02-03 Robert Bosch Gmbh Method for monitoring a control device for an injection system in a motor vehicle

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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JPH04128518A (en) * 1990-09-18 1992-04-30 Toyota Motor Corp Fuel feeding pump control unit for internal combustion engine
DE19644521A1 (en) * 1996-10-25 1998-04-30 Siemens Ag Method and device for controlling a capacitive actuator
EP1139449A1 (en) * 2000-04-01 2001-10-04 ROBERT BOSCH GmbH Fuel injection system
DE10106170A1 (en) * 2001-02-10 2002-08-14 Bosch Gmbh Robert Method for controlling an injection valve with piezo-actuator, involves applying non-null voltage different from first voltage, but of same sign, to close/open valve after applying first voltage to open/close it

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ES2291732T3 (en) 2008-03-01
EP1537318A1 (en) 2005-06-08
JP2005537431A (en) 2005-12-08
DE10240493A1 (en) 2004-03-11
DE50308287D1 (en) 2007-11-08
WO2004022957A1 (en) 2004-03-18

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