EP1535237A1 - Systeme d'ecriture acoustique biometrique et procede d'identification de personnes et reconnaissance de l'ecriture a l'aide de donnees biometriques - Google Patents

Systeme d'ecriture acoustique biometrique et procede d'identification de personnes et reconnaissance de l'ecriture a l'aide de donnees biometriques

Info

Publication number
EP1535237A1
EP1535237A1 EP03755552A EP03755552A EP1535237A1 EP 1535237 A1 EP1535237 A1 EP 1535237A1 EP 03755552 A EP03755552 A EP 03755552A EP 03755552 A EP03755552 A EP 03755552A EP 1535237 A1 EP1535237 A1 EP 1535237A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
biometric
data
writing
writing system
pen
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP03755552A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Jürgen Kempf
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ostbayerische Technische Hochschule Regensburg (OTH Regensburg)
Original Assignee
Ostbayerische Technische Hochschule Regensburg (OTH Regensburg)
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE10241328A external-priority patent/DE10241328B4/de
Application filed by Ostbayerische Technische Hochschule Regensburg (OTH Regensburg) filed Critical Ostbayerische Technische Hochschule Regensburg (OTH Regensburg)
Publication of EP1535237A1 publication Critical patent/EP1535237A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06V—IMAGE OR VIDEO RECOGNITION OR UNDERSTANDING
    • G06V40/00—Recognition of biometric, human-related or animal-related patterns in image or video data
    • G06V40/30—Writer recognition; Reading and verifying signatures

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a biometric acoustic writing system in which, with a microphone integrated in a pen device, the sound signals caused by the hand-guided movement of the pen are acoustically recorded and then processed to biometric data.
  • the invention further relates to a method for person identification and person verification by means of a biometric writing system and a method for handwriting recognition and / or hand sketch recognition.
  • biometric systems There is currently a large selection of competing biometric systems. The majority of biometric systems currently make up systems that use finger lines as recognition features, followed by systems for facial recognition and so-called iris scanners.
  • Pens with acceleration sensors are known (for example ⁇ accelerometer-based pens from British Telecommunications) for absorbing acceleration forces when writing with the pen.
  • the disadvantage of this known pen is a comparatively low recognition rate for signature verification due to the only two-dimensional data space.
  • the pen must always be aligned when writing, ie the angle between the pen and the base must be largely constant, so that a natural writing behavior is not guaranteed when signing.
  • an acceptable recognition rate requires a minimum writing speed, otherwise the measured acceleration forces are too low.
  • a data entry pen for signature verification is known from US 4,513,437.
  • the pen contains a pen to visualize what is written on a surface and piezoelectric pressure and acceleration sensors to detect acceleration forces caused by transversal writing movements of the pen are caused on the writing surface.
  • the pressure on the pen is recorded in the axially parallel direction of the pen.
  • Writing systems are known in which a writing pen for carrying out hand-guided movements on a base is integrated in a pen device.
  • the pen device contains an optical sensor device for detecting the movements carried out with the pen as movement or position data.
  • a further pressure sensor device for detecting the forces occurring during the movements of the pen is integrated in the pen device.
  • a data processing unit is used to calculate biometric data as a function of the recorded movement data and the recorded writing pressure data.
  • the so-called Anoto digital pen describes a writing system in which written text is transferred to a computer can.
  • the pen consists of a ballpoint pen with an integrated digital camera.
  • a force sensor detects the placement of the writing surface on a special paper.
  • the special paper is a paper with a printed dot pattern.
  • the integrated digital camera of the Anoto pen perceives the writing movements of the pen over the dot pattern.
  • the camera takes a large number of frames per second.
  • Each recorded image is compared with the following image and an integrated processor uses this to calculate the change of direction and the movement distance of the writing lead integrated in the pen, taking into account the pen position.
  • There is a large number of printed dots on the Anoto special paper which are applied with carbon-based ink and are less than 1 mm apart.
  • Each Anoto special paper has a different dot pattern so that the individual pages can be distinguished from one another.
  • a light-emitting diode LED illuminates the carbon-containing ink dots, which absorb long-wave infrared light and are therefore recognizable for the integrated digital camera inside the Anoto pen.
  • the relative movement of the pen and the absolute position of the pen on the paper can be determined using the Anoto special paper.
  • the disadvantage of the Anoto pen is that special paper is required and that the pen is fixed.
  • the security against tampering with signature verification is too low, since no person-specific biometric data are determined.
  • the Anoto pen does not record the individual writing pressure on the writing surface.
  • the biometric writing system according to the invention is preferably used as a multifunctional input system in biometrics for personal identification.
  • the writing system according to the invention can replace or supplement the tablet of a PC with normal writing paper as an input medium.
  • the writing system according to the invention can also be used in life science for diagnosis and therapy, in medicine and in psychology.
  • the invention relates to a biometric acoustic writing system with a pen housing for performing hand-guided movements on a base, at least one microphone integrated in the pen housing for acoustic detection of sound signals which are caused by the hand-guided movements, and with a data processing unit for calculating biometric data as a function of the recorded sound signals.
  • the biometric, acoustic writing system enables the generation of person-specific biometric reference data which are unique for the person. This makes it possible to verify the identity of a person writing and even identify it by comparing it with stored reference data.
  • the biometric writing system according to the invention also enables handwriting recognition or hand sketch recognition for the determination and output of handwritten characters in digital form.
  • the biometric writing system according to the invention preferably contains a data processing unit for the reconstruction of handwritten characters and texts from the recorded sound signals.
  • a pen is preferably provided in the pen housing and is placed on the base and guided on the base.
  • the acoustic writing noise caused by the friction of the pen on the base during the hand-guided writing movement is preferably transmitted as structure-borne sound signal via the pen and / or additionally as airborne sound signal via the ambient air through the microphone integrated in the pen housing.
  • the writing system according to the invention is also suitable for areas of application in acoustically noisy areas.
  • the microphone is preferably mechanically coupled to the stylus for transmitting the structure-borne sound signal.
  • the microphone is mechanically coupled to a sound body connected to the stylus for transmitting the structure-borne sound signal.
  • the sound body is preferably designed as a resonator for certain natural frequencies.
  • the microphone is arranged in an airborne sound chamber provided in the pen housing.
  • the airborne sound chamber is preferably designed as a resonator for certain natural frequencies.
  • the microphone together with the resonators, is preferably surrounded by sound insulation, which is provided to dampen ambient noise and only transmits sound signals to the microphone via the stylus.
  • the airborne sound chamber can be coupled to the ambient air via a housing opening in the pen housing.
  • the housing opening can preferably be closed by means of a mechanical closure device for suppressing external noise.
  • the microphone When the housing opening is open, the microphone preferably detects the internal and external writing noise caused by the hand-held writing movement as a body and airborne sound signal and / or a speech signal originating from a person.
  • the sound body for the external writing noise is preferably formed by the writing pad.
  • the microphone with the housing opening open can optionally be replaced by an acoustically non-isolated second microphone in the pen housing.
  • the error rate when recognizing the person can be significantly reduced.
  • a very high level of recognition reliability of the biometric writing system is achieved.
  • the microphone preferably converts the recorded acoustic sound signals into an electrical sound signal.
  • the electrical sound signal is preferably converted by an analog / digital converter into sound signal data for digital data processing by the data processing unit.
  • the typing noise and the speech signal are recorded simultaneously or in succession by the microphone.
  • the sound signal data generated can preferably be stored in a storage unit of the biometric writing system.
  • the desk pad is preferably made of any paper.
  • the writing pad is preferably a solid pad that has a certain embossed surface roughness and hardness.
  • a loudspeaker is provided in the pen housing for reproducing recorded microphone signals, for reproducing stored biometric reference data and for reproducing spoken information.
  • a voice signal originating from the person is preferably acoustically recorded and corresponding sound signal data is generated for speaker recognition or voice recognition.
  • the typing noise itself can also be evaluated using the algorithms and methods of speaker and speech recognition.
  • a second sensor device is also provided, which measures the writing dynamics via the static and dynamic pressure and the writing speed via the vibration of the pen on the base and hand-held writing instrument.
  • At least three sensors are provided for simultaneous detection of the typing forces and vibrations of the writing lead occurring in three spatial directions.
  • an inclination sensor device is also provided which determines the inclination of the hand-held writing instrument placed on the base and thus predominantly detects the finger motor when writing.
  • an optical sensor device is additionally provided, which detects position data of the hand-guided pen movement via image signals from the surface of the writing pad.
  • a pressure sensor device is also provided which detects the static and dynamic pressure of the hand-held writing pen placed on the base.
  • the microphone is preferably an electret microphone, a piezoelectric microphone, a piezoresistive microphone or a capacitive microphone.
  • a replaceable pen lead is preferably provided in the pen of the biometric writing system.
  • This pen lead can preferably be moved out of the pen by means of a switching device.
  • the optical sensor device has imaging optics for imaging the document surface and a converter device for converting the optical imaging signal into an electrical signal.
  • the imaging optics preferably consist of optical lenses and / or glass fibers.
  • the converter device is preferably a CCD camera or a photodiode array. Furthermore, a diode light source is preferably provided for illuminating the underlay surface.
  • a laser diode for illuminating the surface of the documentation and an optical grating integrated in the pen are additionally provided.
  • the optical sensor device preferably detects the movements carried out with the stylus by comparing the staggered image sequences of the document surface.
  • the optical sensor device detects the movements carried out with the stylus by comparing the temporally offset, recorded image sequences of the interferences of the laser light reflected on the grating and the surface of the document.
  • the pen lead in an extended state, releases a writing liquid onto the base when the hand-guided movements are carried out, which increases the structuring of the surface of the document, so that the optical detection of the hand-guided movements by means of the optical sensor device is facilitated and via the ink lettering image on the base a natural spelling is evoked.
  • the data processing unit is preferably integrated in the pen housing or in an external receiving unit.
  • the external receiving unit is preferably a computer, a microcontroller, a cell phone, a credit card reader, a fax machine or a printer.
  • the recorded sound signals, the optical movement data and the recorded multidimensional print data are preferably transmitted via a data transmission path from the pen housing to the data processing unit integrated in the external receiving unit.
  • the biometric writing system preferably has an encryption unit contained in the pen housing for encrypting sound signal data, optical movement data and print data.
  • the data transmission path is preferably wired or wireless.
  • the biometric writing system preferably has a data memory for storing biometric reference data, position data of the writing movement and spoken information.
  • the biometric reference data are preferably calculated by the data processing unit from the sound signal data recorded when writing and speaking a word, from optical movement data and mechanical pressure data and stored in the reference data memory.
  • the reference data memory is preferably a microchip of an identity card, a credit card, an authorization magnetic card or a storage unit of a computer or the biometric writing system.
  • the written and spoken words and characters are preferably pin codes, passwords, names or texts.
  • the position data of the writing movement are preferably calculated from the sound signal data, optical movement data and mechanical pressure data recorded when writing a word and stored in the data memory for handwriting recognition.
  • the reference data memory is preferably integrated in the pen housing.
  • the data processing unit integrated in the external receiving unit is preferably connected to a reference data memory.
  • the external receiving unit has a reading unit for reading portable biometric reference data.
  • the external receiving unit is preferably connected to a database with a reference data memory via a data network.
  • the data network is preferably the Internet.
  • the data processing unit compares the calculated current biometric data to stored biometric reference data for their verification, and I- dentifi 'cation.
  • the data processing unit If the current biometric data largely matches the stored reference data, the data processing unit generates an identification or verification display signal. In a particularly preferred embodiment of the biometric writing system according to the invention, if the current biometric data completely matches the stored biometric reference data, the data processing unit recognizes the current biometric data as a pirated copy of the stored reference data and generates a corresponding warning signal.
  • the data processing unit If the current biometric data deviate from the stored biometric reference data, the data processing unit generates a deviation display signal.
  • the biometric writing system has at least one actuator which is actuated after the identification or verification display signal has been generated.
  • the invention also provides a method for generating person-specific biometric reference data with the following steps:
  • the method steps are carried out several times and the respectively determined reference data are statistically evaluated, the evaluated data being encrypted as person-specific reference data and then stored.
  • the statistically evaluated, person-specific reference data are stored in a microchip of an identity card, in a microchip of a credit card, in an authorization magnetic card or in the storage unit of a computer or a writing system.
  • a speech signal originating from the person is also acoustically recorded and corresponding sound signal data is generated.
  • the typing forces which occur in at least one spatial direction during the writing movement of the pen are detected by pressure sensors and correspondingly at least one-dimensional writing pressure data are generated.
  • the writing movements that are hand-guided when writing a character, a word or a character / word sequence with the writing pen on the base are preferably optically recorded and corresponding writing movement data is generated.
  • the biometric reference data are preferably determined from the sound intensity of the digital time sound signal by means of feature extraction, from the calculated frequency spectrum of the sound time signal by means of feature extraction, and from the optical movement data and writing pressure data generated when writing and speaking a word, and stored in the reference data memory in encrypted form as person-specific biometric reference data.
  • the static and dynamic write movement data, the write pressure data, the optical movement data and the sound signal data are preferably reduced by means of cluster formation.
  • Feature parameters are preferably extracted from the data-reduced cluster data.
  • the generated biometric reference data are preferably stored inside or outside the pen.
  • the invention also provides a method for verifying a person with the following steps, acoustic detection of hand-held writing movements which are carried out by a person when writing a character, a word or a sequence of words with a pen on a base and generating corresponding sound signal data;
  • a speech signal originating from the person is preferably acoustically recorded and corresponding sound signal data is generated.
  • a speech signal originating from the person is preferably also acoustically recorded and corresponding sound signal data is generated.
  • a speech signal originating from the person is additionally acoustically recorded and corresponding sound signal data are generated.
  • the hand-held writing movements when writing or sketching a character, a word or a character / word sequence with the pen on the base are preferred additionally optically recorded and corresponding position data generated.
  • the forces occurring in at least one spatial direction during the writing movement of the pen are detected by pressure sensors and corresponding, at least one-dimensional writing pressure data is generated.
  • the character, the word or the word sequence is determined from the sequence of selected reference feature vectors, from the position data and from the writing pressure data by means of statistical, connectionistic and knowledge-based methods.
  • the ascertained character of the person carrying it out is optically and / or acoustically reported back for checking.
  • the generated person-specific reference data are preferably evaluated to determine psychological and / or physiological characteristics of the person.
  • the biometric writing system according to the invention can be used in many ways.
  • the biometric writing system is used as a computer input device.
  • the writing system according to the invention is used as a voice input device, in particular as a dictation device.
  • the biometric writing system according to the invention is preferably used to identify a person's neuromotive movement disorders.
  • the biometric writing system according to the invention is also preferably used as a therapy system for eliminating neuromotor movement disorders in a person.
  • the biometric writing system according to the invention is also preferably used as a graphological system for determining psychological / physiological characteristics of a person.
  • the biometric writing system according to the invention is preferably used as a training system for learning to write.
  • the biometric writing system according to the invention is preferably used as a training system for learning a language.
  • biometric writing system according to the invention and the method according to the invention for person identification, for person verification, for generating biometric reference data and for handwriting and hand sketch recognition are described with reference to the attached figures to explain features essential to the invention.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic illustration showing a preferred embodiment of the biometric writing system according to the invention. 2 shows a sectional view through a pen housing of the biometric writing system according to the invention;
  • FIG. 4 shows a flow chart for explaining the handwriting recognition by means of the biometric writing system according to the invention
  • Fig. 12 dynamic behavior of some frequency lines when writing the letter "b"; 1 shows a schematic block diagram of the biometric writing system 1 according to the invention.
  • the biometric writing system 1 according to the invention comprises a pen 2, which is integrated in a pen housing 3.
  • the pen 2 is used to carry out hand-guided movements on a base 4.
  • the base 4 can be any base with any surface.
  • the base 4 is preferably paper.
  • the writing pad 4 is preferably a solid base which has a certain embossed surface roughness and hardness.
  • the stylus 2 preferably contains an exchangeable stylus lead which can be moved out of the stylus 2 by means of a mechanical switching device (not shown).
  • the pen housing 3 is used to carry out hand-guided movements on the pad 4.
  • the writing pen 2 and its pen refill dispense a writing liquid onto the pad 4 for optical feedback for the person writing.
  • writing noises occur.
  • the pen housing 3 in the writing system 1 according to the invention at least one microphone 5 is provided for acoustic detection of sound signals. The microphone 5 detects the sound signals that are caused by the hand-guided movements, ie the writing noise caused by the writing movement.
  • the acoustic writing noises caused by the friction of the stylus 2 on the base 4 during the hand-guided writing movement are transmitted on the one hand as structure-borne noise signal via the stylus 2 and on the other hand as an airborne sound signal via the ambient air to the microphone 5.
  • the microphone 5 is mechanically connected to transmit the structure-borne sound signal the pen 2 coupled.
  • the microphone 5 for the transmission of the structure-borne sound signal is mechanically coupled to a sound body 6 connected to the stylus 2.
  • the sound body 6 is preferably designed as a resonator for certain natural frequencies.
  • the microphone 5 is located in an airborne sound chamber 7 provided in the pen housing 3.
  • the airborne sound chamber 7 is preferably designed as a resonator for specific natural frequencies.
  • the microphone 5 is surrounded by sound insulation 8a, 8b, which is provided for damping ambient noise and only lets sound signals through from the sound body 6 and the air switching chamber 7.
  • the airborne sound chamber 7 can be coupled to the ambient air via a housing opening in the pen housing 3.
  • the housing opening can preferably be closed by means of a mechanical locking device 9 for suppressing external noise.
  • the microphone 5 detects the internal and external writing noise caused by the hand-held writing movement as a body and airborne sound signal and, in addition, a speech signal originating from a person.
  • the microphone 5 converts the detected acoustic sound signals into an electrical sound signal.
  • the electrical sound signal is converted into sound signal data for digital data processing by an analog / digital converter.
  • the digital signal data are fed via a signal line 10 to a data processing unit 11 for further data processing.
  • the writing noise generated during writing and the speech signal possibly additionally received by the person are recorded either simultaneously or in succession by the microphone 5 and converted into corresponding sound signal data.
  • the sound signal data supplied to the data processing unit 11 are preferably stored in a memory provided for this purpose.
  • the biometric writing system 1 in addition to the microphone 5 as an acoustic sensor, the biometric writing system 1 according to the invention shown in FIG. 1 preferably additionally has an optical sensor device 14 which detects position data of the hand-held pen movement via image signals from the surface of the writing pad 4.
  • the optical sensor device is also connected to the data processing unit 11 via a signal line 15.
  • the microphone 5 can be, for example, an electronic microphone, a piezoelectric microphone, a piezoresistive microphone or a capacitive microphone.
  • the optical sensor device 14 preferably contains imaging optics for imaging the substrate surface and a converter device for converting the optical imaging signal into an electrical signal. The electrical signal is converted into position data or movement data by an analog / digital converter and output to the data processing unit 11 via the signal line 15.
  • the imaging optics of the optical sensor device 14 preferably consist of optical lenses and / or glass fibers.
  • the converter device can be a CCD camera or a photodiode array.
  • a diode light source is preferably additionally provided for illuminating the underlay surface.
  • a laser diode is also provided for illuminating an optical grating integrated in the pen.
  • the optical sensor device 14 detects the movements carried out with the stylus 2 by comparing the staggered image sequences that show the surface of the base.
  • the optical sensor device 14 can also be designed such that they offset the movements carried out with the stylus 2 by comparing them in time image sequences of the interference of the. laser light reflected from the grating and the surface of the underlay.
  • the stylus refill delivers a writing liquid to the base 4 when the hand-guided movements are carried out, which increases the structuring of the surface, so that the optical detection of the hand-guided movements by means of the optical sensor device 14 is facilitated. Furthermore, a natural spelling is brought about by the person writing on the ink lettering on the base.
  • the data processing unit 11 is integrated in the pen housing 3.
  • the data processing unit can also be integrated in an external receiving unit.
  • a receiving unit is, for example, a computer, a microcontroller, a cell phone, a credit card reader, a fax machine or a printer.
  • the data processing unit 11 is connected via a signal line 16 to a downstream encryption unit 17.
  • the encryption unit 17 is used to encrypt the sound signal data output by the data processing unit 11 within the pen housing 1 and the detected optical movement data.
  • the encrypted data are transmitted via the data transmission path 18, which is wireless or wired, to a data processing unit 19 within the local computer 20 transmitted.
  • the local computer 20 has a memory 21 and a display 22, which are each connected to the data processing unit 19 via signal lines 23, 24.
  • the data processing unit 19 of the local computer 20 is also connected to a reading unit 26 via lines 25.
  • the data processing unit 19 of the local computer 20 controls an actuator 28, for example a security door, via control lines 27.
  • the data processing unit 19 is connected via a line 29 to a data network 30 to which an external database 31 is connected.
  • the data network 30 is preferably the Internet.
  • the biometric writing system 1 shown in FIG. 1 contains an acoustic sensor device 5 and an optical sensor device 14.
  • the biometric writing system 1 according to the invention additionally has a pressure sensor device which detects the static and dynamic pressure of the hand-held writing pen placed on the base 4 and outputs corresponding writing print data to the data processing unit 11.
  • the recorded sound signal data, the optical movement data and the palpable multidimensional print data are transmitted by the data processing unit 11 after corresponding encryption by the encryption unit 17 via the data transmission path 18 from the pen housing 3 to the data processing unit 19 integrated in the local computer 20.
  • Biometric reference data are calculated from the recorded sound signal data, the optical movement data and from the mechanical writing pressure data by the data processing unit, which is located inside or outside the pen housing 3, and stored in a reference data memory, for example in the memory 12 or the memory 21.
  • the reference data memory can be a memory within a Identity card, a credit card, a magnetic authorization card or a storage unit of any computer.
  • the written words and characters, the writing noises of which are recorded acoustically by the microphone 5 and emitted as sound signal data are, in particular, written pin codes, passwords, names or handwritten texts.
  • the character written by the person can be spoken simultaneously by the person and also recorded as a speech signal by the microphone 5.
  • the reading unit 26 provided in the local computer 20 is used, for example, to read a portable storage medium for biometric reference data.
  • current biometric data can be compared with stored biometric reference data for verification and identification. If the current biometric data largely match the stored reference data, the data processing unit 11 or 19 generates an identification or verification display signal.
  • An actuator for example a security door, is actuated on the data processing unit 19 after the identification or verification display signal has been generated.
  • the data processing unit 11 or 19 detects a complete match of the current biometric data with stored biometric reference data, the current biometric reference data are recognized by the data processing unit 11, 19 as a pirated copy of the stored reference data and a corresponding warning signal is generated.
  • the stored person-specific biometric reference data are first generated by the biometric writing system 1 according to the invention for later comparisons.
  • the person-specific biometric reference data is generated as follows. First, the hand-held writing utensils movements that are carried out by the person with the stylus 2 on the base when writing a character, a word or a sequence of words are acoustically detected, ie the writing noise is acoustically detected by the microphone 5. After analog / digital conversion, the microphone 5 generates sound signal data which are output to the data processing unit 11.
  • the sound signal data is stored as a digital sound time signal and an associated frequency spectrum is calculated from the stored sound time signal by means of Fourier transformation. Characteristic extraction is used to determine first biometric reference data from the sound intensity of the stored digital sound time signal.
  • Characteristic extraction is used to determine second biometric reference data from the calculated frequency spectrum of the sound time signal. These method steps are preferably carried out several times, and the respectively determined reference data are statistically evaluated, the evaluated data being stored in encrypted form as person-specific reference data.
  • the statistically evaluated, person-specific reference data are preferably stored in a microchip of an identity card, a microchip of a credit card, an authorization magnetic card or the storage unit of a computer or writing system.
  • the microphone 5 can additionally acoustically detect a speech signal originating from the person and output corresponding sound signal data to the data processing unit 11.
  • the optical sensor device 14 additionally detects the hand-guided write movements optically and generates corresponding write movement data which are output to the data processing unit 11.
  • the typing forces that occur during the writing movement of the stylus 2 are preferably detected by pressure sensors, not shown, and correspondingly at least one-dimensional writing pressure data are output to the data processing unit 11.
  • the data processing Processing unit 11 determines the biometric reference data from the sound intensity of the digital time sound signal by means of feature extraction, from the calculated frequency spectrum of the sound time signal by means of feature extraction, and from the optical movement data and writing pressure data generated when writing and speaking a word.
  • the static and dynamic write movement data, the write pressure data, the optical movement data and the sound signal data are preferably reduced by clustering. Characteristic parameters are then extracted from the data-reduced cluster data.
  • FIG. 2 shows a preferred embodiment of a pen 2 of the biometric writing system 1 according to the invention.
  • the pen housing 3 shown in FIG. 2 is, for example, an ordinary ballpoint pen housing.
  • a pen 2 with an integrated pen refill is located in the pen housing 3.
  • the stylus 2 is mechanically connected to a sound body 6 for the transmission of structure-borne sound signals.
  • the recording sound is picked up by the microphone 5 via the stylus 2 and the sound body 6.
  • the stylus 2 itself can serve as a sound body.
  • the microphone 5 can acoustically detect a speech signal originating from a person if the air switch chamber 7 or the acoustic window is connected to the surroundings by opening a closure device.
  • the recording noise and the speech signal can be recorded simultaneously or in succession by the microphone 5.
  • the microphone 5 is an electret microphone.
  • a loudspeaker 32 is additionally provided in the pen housing 3. The loudspeaker 32 is used to reproduce recorded microphone signals, and in addition the loudspeaker 32 can be reproduced stored biometric reference data and used to reproduce spoken information.
  • the volume ⁇ speaker 32 is preferably a miniaturized conventional speakers.
  • the pen 2 can consist of a ballpoint pen refill, an ink pen or a rod with a defined tip.
  • the base 4 consists, for example, of paper or a support with a natural and additionally impressed surface roughness and hardness.
  • the surface roughness of pad 4 leads to statistically excited, forced vibrations of the pad and pen, i.e. statistical scratches and scratches occur.
  • airborne sound waves and / or structure-borne sound waves are produced from this and transmitted to the microphone 5 within the cursive housing 3.
  • the pen 2 with the housing 3 as a sound body and the airborne sound chamber 7 in the pen housing 3 can be optimally designed according to the laws of acoustics.
  • the sound body 6 and the airborne sound space 7 are preferably defined as resonators with specific frequencies. In this case, frequencies are preferably used which have the greatest dynamic range in the change in amplitude when writing.
  • the microphone 5 When writing the pen 2, the microphone 5 emits a sound time signal which is clearly above the noise signal and whose sound intensity is sensitive to the writing speed and to a very small extent to the different roughness of the writing pad and the different mean contact pressure of the writing lead 2.
  • the sound intensity of the recorded sound time signal increases with the writing speed. With the same writing speed, the differences in intensity for different writing paper surfaces are negligible.
  • the frequency spectrum of the recorded sound time signal consists of a continuous noise spectrum that is clearly overlaid by characteristic frequency lines. The frequency lines mainly occur at frequencies below 2 kHz. With the same frequency position, the amplitudes of these frequency lines increase significantly with the writing speed. The amplitudes of the frequency lines increase slightly with increasing surface roughness of the writing pad 4. The frequency positions remain unchanged.
  • the airborne microphone 5 is insensitive to surrounding sound events.
  • the airborne sound chamber 7 has no connection with the ambient air.
  • ambient noises in particular spoken words or engine noises, have no influence on the recorded sound time signal when writing. In this case, only the structure-borne noise generated via the writing lead is picked up by the microphone 5.
  • the biometric characteristics of the person's writing dynamics are determined from the change in time of the acoustic microphone signals and / or the amplitudes of selected spectral lines. Since only the dynamics of the recorded sound signals are evaluated for the generation of biometric reference data, the influence of different roughnesses of the base 4 and the influence of production variations during the manufacture of the writing instrument are negligible. Variations in writing dynamics are therefore person-specific or person-specific and can therefore be evaluated to identify and verify the person.
  • the acoustic time signal recorded acoustically by the microphone 5 is in contrast to Writing pressure signals which reproduce the writing lead pressure in different directions, regardless of how the pen 2 is held on the base 4.
  • the sound signal generated by the microphone 5 does not change if the pen housing 3 is rotated differently about the longitudinal axis.
  • the writing device shown in FIG. 2 can be dimensioned with regard to the geometry, the material, the layer structure, the damping and the acoustic coupling between the sound source and the microphone 5 in such a way that optimal, acoustically less susceptible to interference biometric features can be generated for authentication methods.
  • An acoustic window or opening is provided in the pen housing 3, which can be opened by the person for voice recording at the push of a button. For this purpose, a relatively small opening in the pen housing 3 is sufficient to also record the airborne sound when speaking via the microphone 5. The person closes the housing window to record the pure acoustic write signal or write noise.
  • FIG. 3a shows a further preferred embodiment of the biometric acoustic writing system 1 according to the invention.
  • additional sensor devices are provided in the pen housing 3a in addition to the microphone 5 for the acoustic detection of writing cases.
  • the biometric pen shown in FIG. 3 additionally contains an optical sensor device 33.
  • the optical sensor device 33 detects the position data of the hand-held pen movement via image signals from the surface of the writing pad 4.
  • the optical sensor device 33 contains imaging optics for imaging the document surface and a transducer device Conversion of the optical imaging signal into an electrical signal.
  • the imaging optics include an optical lens 33a.
  • the lens optics can be glass fiber bundles or GRIN lenses.
  • the converter device 33c of the optical sensor device 33 is, for example, a CCD camera with an integrated microprocessor. Alternatively, a photodiode array can be used. A diode light source is preferably additionally provided for illuminating the underlay surface. In an alternative embodiment, the laser diode also serves to illuminate an optical grating integrated in the pen.
  • the optical sensor device 33 detects the movements carried out with the stylus 2 by comparing the temporally offset recorded image sequences of the document surface. In an alternative embodiment, the optical sensor device detects the movements carried out with the stylus 2 by comparing the temporally offset recorded image sequences of the interferences of the laser light reflected on the grating and the surface of the document. In the extended state, the pen lead 2 releases a writing liquid onto the base 4 when the hand-guided movements are carried out, which increases the structuring of the surface of the document. As a result, the optical detection of the hand-guided movements by means of the optical sensor device 33 becomes easier, and a person receives feedback via the ink lettering image, which facilitates the natural spelling.
  • the first preferred embodiment of the biometric writing system 1 according to the invention shown in FIG. 3a contains, in addition to the microphone 5 for recording an acoustic writing noise and the optical sensor device 33 for generating position or movement data, also a pressure sensor system 34 for recording the writing pressure.
  • the pressure sensor system 34 consists, for example, of strain gauges Strain gauges or force-sensitive resistors FSR and piezo sensors 34a, 34b, 34c, 34d, which detect the static and dynamic pressure of the hand-held pen 2 placed on the base 4 and sensory.
  • the sound signal data emitted by the microphone 5, the movement data emitted by the optical sensor device 33 and the detected multidimensional writing pressure data are fed to an integrated data processing unit 11a, 11b within the pen housing 3 and processed into biometric data.
  • the determined biometric data are preferably temporarily stored in a data memory 12 within the pen housing 3.
  • the currently determined biometric data are then preferably encrypted by an encryption unit 17 and transmitted via a data transmission path 18 to a remote computer 20.
  • the acoustic window 7 can be switched between voice and writing noise recording by moving sound insulation 8b within the pen housing 3.
  • the disturbing external noise can be suppressed, for example, by closing the acoustic window 7.
  • the person can open the acoustic window and, for example, additionally speak a written password at the same time or at different times.
  • FIG. 3b shows a second preferred embodiment of the biometric writing system 1 according to the invention.
  • the data processing unit 11 is supplied with current by an accumulator 37.
  • a pressure sensor device 34b is provided at the upper end of the pen lead 2.
  • a spring 38 is also provided.
  • the pressure sensor 34b is preferably a piezo pressure sensor.
  • FIG. 3c shows a third preferred embodiment of the writing system 1 according to the invention.
  • the writing system 1 is rotationally symmetrical and consists of a stylus lead 2, a microphone 5 with holder, sound insulation 8 and a piezo pressure sensor 3.
  • FIG. 3d shows a fourth preferred embodiment of the writing system 1 according to the invention.
  • a fingerprint sensor 39 is provided on the pen housing 3.
  • the fingerprint sensor 39 records biometric data of the person writing about body features.
  • the fingerprint sensor is preferably a capacitive fingerprint sensor.
  • the pen 2 is mounted in the pen housing 3 by a spring steel holder 42.
  • the stylus 2 has two microphones 5a, 5b.
  • Within a body 49 provided in the pen housing 3, a thinner microphone 5a is provided, which is located in the vicinity of one side 41.
  • the side 41 serves as an acoustic oscillator and is connected to the pen refill 2.
  • An external microphone 5b is used to record the ambient sound.
  • the writing system 1 in the embodiment shown in FIG. 3d also has an inclination sensor 40.
  • the inclination sensor 40 detects the inclination of the pen 2 during writing.
  • the motor movement of the pen-guiding fingers is hereby detected.
  • the data processing unit 11 is supplied with power by an accumulator 37.
  • At the upper end of the stylus 2 there is also a pressure sensor 34d.
  • Further pressure sensors 34a, 34b, 34c are provided on the spring steel holder 42.
  • the spring steel holder 42 serves as a pencil lead holder and as a deformer of the strain gauge strips 34a, 34b, 34c, which are preferably attached to the spring steel holder 42.
  • FIG. 3e shows a fifth preferred embodiment of the biometric writing system 1 according to the invention.
  • the writing system 1 has an optical sensor device 48 which at the same time, the static and dynamic pressure and the vibration of the hand-held pen 2 placed on the base 4 are detected in three spatial directions.
  • This optical sensor device 48 contains photodetectors for detecting the movement of a diode light source 44.
  • the diode light source 44 is firmly connected to the stylus 2.
  • the diode light source 44 carries out the deflection and oscillation of the stylus 2, the light rays emitted by the diode light source 44 being emitted as a light source signal to the photodetectors of the optical sensor device 40.
  • the light rays emitted by the diode light source 44 go to a beam splitter 47 and from there to a lens 46.
  • the lens 46 preferably has a partially mirrored underside.
  • the optical sensor device 40 also contains a four-quadrant photodetector 50 and a simple photodetector 45.
  • the four-quadrant photodetector 50 is mounted behind the lens 46.
  • the four-quadrant photodetector 50 detects the deflection and the oscillation of the light source 44 in mutually orthogonal X, Y directions.
  • the simple photodetector 45 detects the deflection and vibration of the light source 44 in the direction perpendicular to the X, Y direction z.
  • the dynamics of the writing pressure and the vibration of the dynamics of the writing speed can be determined in three spatial directions.
  • the signals from the photodetectors 45, 50 are fed to the data processing unit 11 and evaluated there.
  • the stylus 2 is supported by a lead holder 43.
  • a spring 38 is also provided.
  • the image of the optical sensor device 40 consists of the beam splitter 47, the optically partially mirrored lens 46 and an aperture.
  • the biometric acoustic writing systems 1 shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 are versatile.
  • the biomet Rische writing system 1 can be used as a computer input device.
  • the biometric writing system 1 is suitable as a voice input device, in particular as a dictation device.
  • a further possible application is the identification and verification of a writing person by comparing currently derived biometric data with biometric reference data istspei ⁇ cherten of persons.
  • biometric reference data biometric reference data tospei ⁇ cherten of persons.
  • the currently generated biometric data are compared with stored reference data of this person.
  • the prerequisite for this is that the person-specific biometric reference data of this person are first generated.
  • Schreibbe ⁇ are movements that are performed by that person under supervision, recorded acoustically.
  • the person doing the signing for example, signs under supervision with his signature, and the microphone 5 inside the writing instrument detects the sound signals of the writing noise that occur.
  • the recorded writing noises are output to the data processing unit 11 as sound signal data.
  • the sound signal data are temporarily stored in a memory 12 as digital sound time signals.
  • the data processing unit 11 then calculates the associated frequency spectrum, for example by means of a Fourier transformation.
  • First biometric reference data are determined from the stored digital switching time signal by means of feature extraction.
  • Second biometric reference data are likewise determined from the calculated and stored frequency spectrum of the switching time signal by means of feature extraction.
  • the generated person-specific reference data are stored, for example, in a microchip of an identity card, in a microchip of a credit card, in an authorization magnetic card or in any storage unit of a computer.
  • a speech signal originating from the person is preferably also acoustically recorded and corresponding sound signal data is generated.
  • the person concerned can sign a supervision or supervision at a bank or an authority and speak his or her own name simultaneously or subsequently.
  • the typists who appear when signing can also be recorded and evaluated using the pressure sensors.
  • a further increase in security results from additional optical detection of the hand-guided writing movement, ie optical detection of the position data of the signature made.
  • 3a-3e senses a variety of person-specific features, in particular the typeface of the signature, the static and dynamic writing pressure that occurs when writing the signature, the writing noise generated when writing the signature, and additionally the spoken by the person writing Word, for example their name or a password. All of this data is processed and stored to produce biometric reference data. The level of recognition and falsification security is very high, since a wide variety of person-specific features are sensed and evaluated.
  • the current biometric data generated by the writing system are compared with the previously generated and saved biometric data. see reference data of the person compared to determine whether the current biometric data largely match the stored biometric reference data of the person. However, a 100% match is presumably a pirated copy of the stored reference data, and the biometric writing system 1 according to the invention emits a corresponding warning signal.
  • the current biometric data are compared with stored biometric reference data of a large number of people and the person selected whose biometric reference data best match the current biometric data.
  • the biometric writing system can also be used for handwriting recognition and / or hand sketch recognition.
  • Fig. 4 shows schematically the steps for handwriting recognition.
  • the writing noises that occur when writing the pen 2 on the base 3 when writing or sketching a character, a word or a word sequence are acoustically detected by the microphone 5 and converted into corresponding sound signal data.
  • coding takes place.
  • the generated sound signal data is temporarily stored as a digital sound time signal, and the associated frequency spectrum is then calculated from the sound signal data using a Fourier transformation.
  • first current acoustic data are determined from the sound intensity of the digital sound time signal by means of feature extraction for data reduction.
  • Current second acoustic data are also determined from the calculated frequency spectrum of the sound time signal by means of feature extraction.
  • This step also serves above all Data reduction.
  • a sequence of feature vectors is calculated from the acoustic data, and these calculated feature vectors are compared with stored person-specific reference feature vectors in a pattern comparison. A sequence of reference feature vectors which have the smallest deviation from the respective feature vectors is then selected.
  • the written character, the written word or the written word sequence are determined from the sequence of selected reference feature vectors using statistical, connectionistic and knowledge-based methods.
  • the statistical methods are, for example, hidden Markow models for recognizing a larger vocabulary.
  • the connectionist methods primarily use neural network models to recognize a limited vocabulary.
  • the knowledge-based methods are, for example, fuzzy logic models.
  • the reference feature vectors are generated and stored system-specific when the writing system is in position and person-specific before using the system by repeated handwritten writing of a training text. Over longer periods of use, the reference feature vectors of the person are updated adaptively and automatically via newly written characters and words. All methods are based on acoustic models of characters, letters, syllables and vocabulary words of a language in phonetic transcription.
  • the phonetic spelling of the vocabulary of a language is formed by phonetic elements, ie short, phonetic units (allophones) of the writing noise.
  • Every word in the vocabulary is stored as a sequence of allophones.
  • the acoustic models determine from the vocabulary in phonetic transcription several word candidates that are most likely to belong to the acoustic symbol sequence. The probability for each word is determined using the HMM (Hidden Markow models) or the neuro-fuzzy systems. The most likely word candidate is determined via a threshold decision or a word sequence statistics model or language model. The determined character is then output, for example, as formatted text or as handwritten text.
  • the person may also pronounce the written character or word and record it acoustically through the microphone.
  • the position data of the hand-held writing movement are optically recorded. A further increase in security is achieved by recording the writing pressure data that occurs when the word is written.
  • the person-specific reference data generated by the writing system 1 according to the invention can be evaluated to determine psychological and or physiological characteristics of the person.
  • the occurrence of neuromotor movement disorders of a person can be recognized by means of the biometric writing system 1 according to the invention.
  • the biometric writing system according to the invention is therefore suitable for diagnosing psychological and / or physiological features and for diagnosing neuromotor movement disorders in the person.
  • the biometric writing system 1 shows a particularly preferred embodiment of the biometric writing system 1 according to the invention with an optoacoustic feedback for the person writing.
  • the biometric data obtained are transferred from the stylus 3 to a local computer 20, which gives the writer via lines 35a, 35b an optoacoustic feedback via a screen 36a and a loudspeaker 36b.
  • the biometric writing system 1 according to the invention is suitable as a system for the therapy of movement disorders of the person. Thanks to the optoacoustic feedback, the person who may have a neuromotor movement disorder can learn to write again.
  • Another interesting area of application is the use of the biometric writing system 1, as shown in FIG. 5, as a training system for learning to write.
  • the biometric writing system 1 is suitable as a training system for learning a language, in particular a foreign language.
  • the learner can write a word on the pad 4, and the loudspeaker integrated in the pen housing 3 reproduces the word in the correct pronunciation of the foreign language.
  • predetermined numbers or characters that are attached to the base 4 can be traced by the person with the pen.
  • a student can trace a predetermined number or a character on the base 4 and receives optoacoustic feedback. Documentation of their learning progress is possible for people with coordination difficulties.
  • using the biometric writing system 1 according to the invention as shown in FIG. 5, it is possible to learn to write the alphabet in a simple manner. Manufacturing exercises, awareness exercises and imitation exercises are also possible.
  • FIGS. 6a, 6b show the recorded time sound signal at different writing speeds on a cardboard surface and on a writing paper block. In the example shown, a line is drawn with increasing speed on the cardboard and the writing paper block.
  • 6c, 6d show the associated frequency spectra.
  • FIG. 7 shows a time sound signal which is generated when the letter "a" is written three times when the pen is written on a writing pad by means of the biometric writing system 1 according to the invention. As can be seen in FIG. 7, the sound time signal is very easily repeatable or reproducible, so that the letter "a" can be specifically recognized.
  • Fig. 8 also shows a time sound signal which is generated by writing a letter "b" three times.
  • the letter "b” also has a characteristic sound time signal curve.
  • FIG. 9a shows amplitude frequency signals over time for the letter "a”
  • FIG. 9b shows amplitude frequency signals for writing the letter "b" over time.
  • 10a, 10b show in principle how the amplitude frequency lines change dynamically over time when writing a letter, for example a letter "a".
  • the person writing puts the pen on (starting point AP) and carries out the writing movement.
  • the spectrum existing at time tO changes dynamically over time.
  • 10b shows the change in the spectrum at time t0 at time t1.
  • the acoustic writing system 1 can be designed such that it detects the frequency lines of the handwritten characters in the largest possible dynamic range with large amplitude values.
  • the biometric acoustic writing system 1 according to the invention has a large number of possible uses. On the one hand, it can be used as a biometric authentication system for personal identification and verification.
  • the writing system 1 according to the invention is suitable as a computer input device as a replacement for a computer mouse or keyboard commands, in particular for password entry.
  • the biometric writing system 1 according to the invention can be used for electronic speech and handwriting recognition. Another extensive area of application is in the field of biometric diagnosis and therapy.
  • the biometric writing system 1 according to the invention can be used for training purposes, for example for learning to write, foreign languages or for eliminating coordination difficulties.
  • biometric writing system 1 can also be used as a biometric system for personal access and security control in all security areas with a high level of security against falsification and low error rates. Other possible uses are forensic use in criminal statistics, border guards or the police.
  • biometric writing system 1 according to the invention can be used for communication between man and machine, in particular as a dictation device, or for verbal and handwritten machine control.
  • the multifunctional biometric writing system 1 is also suitable as an input unit for a future virtual desk, in which, for example, the tablet of a PC is supplemented or replaced by the normal writing paper as an input medium with the input options according to the invention via the writing pen.
  • the biometric writing system 1 according to the invention can be produced inexpensively with relatively little technical effort, so that a wide range of applications can be opened up.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Human Computer Interaction (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Collating Specific Patterns (AREA)
  • Position Input By Displaying (AREA)
  • Image Input (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un système d'écriture biométrique comprenant un boîtier de stylo (3) destiné à réaliser des mouvements guidés à la main sur un support (4), au moins un microphone (5) intégré au boîtier de stylo (3) et destiné à l'enregistrement acoustique de signaux acoustiques qui sont générés par les mouvements guidés à la main, et une unité de traitement de données (11) destinée à calculer les données biométriques en fonction des signaux acoustiques enregistrés.
EP03755552A 2002-09-04 2003-09-04 Systeme d'ecriture acoustique biometrique et procede d'identification de personnes et reconnaissance de l'ecriture a l'aide de donnees biometriques Withdrawn EP1535237A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

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DE10241328A DE10241328B4 (de) 2002-09-04 2002-09-04 Biometrisches, akustisches Schreibsystem sowie Verfahren, und Verwendung hierzu
DE10241328 2002-09-04
DE10328345 2003-06-24
DE10328345 2003-06-24
PCT/EP2003/009814 WO2004023382A1 (fr) 2002-09-04 2003-09-04 Systeme d'ecriture acoustique biometrique et procede d'identification de personnes et reconnaissance de l'ecriture a l'aide de donnees biometriques

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