EP1534871B1 - Use of a hard metal alloy - Google Patents

Use of a hard metal alloy Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1534871B1
EP1534871B1 EP03790536A EP03790536A EP1534871B1 EP 1534871 B1 EP1534871 B1 EP 1534871B1 EP 03790536 A EP03790536 A EP 03790536A EP 03790536 A EP03790536 A EP 03790536A EP 1534871 B1 EP1534871 B1 EP 1534871B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
screwdriver
hard metal
metal alloy
tungsten carbide
cobalt
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EP03790536A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1534871A1 (en
Inventor
Alfred Bernhard
Ronald Huber
Alfred Knittel
Michael Schretter
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Ceratizit Austria GmbH
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Ceratizit Austria GmbH
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C29/00Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides
    • C22C29/02Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides
    • C22C29/06Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides based on carbides, but not containing other metal compounds
    • C22C29/08Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides based on carbides, but not containing other metal compounds based on tungsten carbide
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25BTOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING OR HOLDING
    • B25B15/00Screwdrivers
    • B25B15/001Screwdrivers characterised by material or shape of the tool bit
    • B25B15/002Screwdrivers characterised by material or shape of the tool bit characterised by material used or surface finishing
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2998/00Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the use of a hard metal alloy for screwdriver bits.
  • Such screwdriver bits are often referred to as screwdriver bits are received in a holder or directly in the screwing tool and usually have a hexagonal-shaped receiving shaft and a tip, also referred to as the output, on.
  • the shape or profile of the tip is matched to the head shape of the screw to be screwed.
  • screws with slotted heads, with Phillips heads of different shapes, and with inner Torx heads are widely used.
  • the screwdriver bits are primarily made of steel, which is usually cured to a hardness between 54 and 62 HRC. At this hardness, such screwdriver bits made of steel usually have sufficient toughness to accommodate the stress occurring during the screwing on torsion without damage.
  • the JP 02 204592 A , the DE 296 17 040 U as well as the US-A-4753678 describe fine-grained tungsten carbide hard metal alloys as the main constituent with cobalt binder or with a binder system of iron, cobalt and nickel.
  • drilling tools or cutting tools which operate at high speeds or high cutting speeds and which do not have to transmit high torques and are primarily claimed for mechanical wear and only to a small extent on Torosion ,
  • the FR-A-2 469 250 describes more generally a carbide material such as tungsten carbide without further details of the exact composition for the production of specially designed screwdriver bits.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide for screwdriver bits, a material that exceeds the previously known materials for such applications in its properties.
  • this is achieved by using a hard metal alloy consisting essentially of tungsten carbide with an average particle size of less than 1.2 ⁇ m and from 13 to 23% by weight binder metal selected from one or more metals from the group of cobalt, iron and nickel.
  • This special hard metal alloy brings significant improvements in wear resistance and at the same time excellent results in terms of torsional strength. This was surprising in particular because not particularly hard carbide alloys, as expected, have good torsional strength, but rather an alloy group which has only below-average values with regard to toughness.
  • the torsional strength depending on the specific shape and size of the manufactured part is in the range of 1,800 to 2,400 N / mm 2 .
  • the alloy consists essentially of tungsten carbide means that minor amounts of other hard materials, in particular other carbides, of the order of up to about 10% by weight may be present in the alloy without significantly changing the advantageous properties.
  • a cemented tungsten carbide hard metal alloy having a mean grain size in the range from 0.7 to 0.9 ⁇ m and from 13 to 17% by weight cobalt binder has proven particularly suitable for the use according to the invention.
  • An advantageous order of magnitude has proven to be a proportion of up to 200 grains / mm 2 with a mean particle size in the range of 6 to 15 ⁇ m.
  • the formation of the coarse grain fraction is effected by a slight sintering of the hard metal alloy during production. Without forming a coarse grain fraction sintering of the hard metal alloy according to the invention takes place at a temperature of about 1400 ° C, during a period of about 60 minutes.
  • the sintering to form the coarse grain fraction is achieved by increasing the sintering temperature to about 1440 ° C and extending the sintering time to about 90 minutes.
  • granules are produced from the hard metal powder mixture and an organic binder, such as waxes or polymers, by mixing and heated in an injection molding machine to temperatures between about 100 and 200 ° C and injected through a press into correspondingly executed molds. After cooling the mixture, the blanks, which already have excellent strength, are ejected from the injection mold and then debinded in respective ovens and sintered to form a liquid phase of the binder metal portion.
  • the resulting volumetric shrinkage is on the order of about 50%, the achieved sintering density at nearly 100% of the theoretical density.
  • targeted fillets can be incorporated in the injection mold on particularly vulnerable edges on the screwdriver bit, which allows high torques to be transmitted without breakage hazard due to the reduced notch effect on the screwdriver bit.
  • the metal powder injection molding alone by a specific surface finish of the injection mold allows a particularly structured design of the profile surface of the screwdriver bit, through which even with a lower contact force of the screwdriver bit slipping it can be largely prevented from the screw head, whereby the service life of the screwdriver bit is extended.
  • An additional enhanced effect in this direction can be achieved through the Incorporation of ultrahard particles, eg diamond grains, in the course of the injection molding process in the injection mold reach.
  • rod-shaped samples of a hard metal alloy according to the invention referred to as samples 1 in Table 1, were prepared from 85% by weight tungsten carbide with a mean grain size of 0.7 ⁇ m, balance cobalt.
  • the samples had a hexagonal profile with a cylindrical central part.
  • the total length of the samples was 38 mm with a key width of the hexagonal profile of 5 mm.
  • the cylindrical center portion of the samples had a length of 16 mm and a diameter of 3.8 mm.
  • the resulting cross section of the central part corresponds approximately to the shear cross section of the screwdriver bits most frequently used in practice.
  • a block with the dimensions 70 mm x 46 mm x 25 mm was prepared by pressing the powder mixture of the hard metal alloy according to the invention with a pressure of 220 MPa.
  • the samples were cut with their hexagon basic shape from the middle part by means of diamond discs. Then the samples were sintered at 1420 ° C for 60 minutes.
  • Sample 5 Similar samples of hardened steel, referred to as Sample 5 in Table 1, were prepared.
  • the steel had a composition customary for the production of screwdriver bits.
  • These samples were also tested for flexural strength and torsional strength and their averages are listed in Table 1.
  • the hard metal alloy according to the invention has the best values in terms of torsional strength compared with the other hard metal alloys. Your values in the Torsional strength is comparable to the values of the steel alloy. Since carbide also has significantly better wear resistance properties compared to steel, there is a serious advantage of the hard metal alloy. It is particularly surprising that hard metal alloys with high toughness and good or even higher bending strength have worse, sometimes even significantly worse values in the torsional strength.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to the use of a hard metal alloy for parts which are subject particularly to torsion in addition to wear. Said hard metal alloy substantially contains tungsten carbide having an average grain size of less than 1.2 µm and 13 to 23 percent by weight of binder metal which comprises one or several metals that is/are selected among the group consisting of cobalt, iron, and nickel.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft die Verwendung einer Hartmetalllegierung für Schraubendrehereinsätze.The invention relates to the use of a hard metal alloy for screwdriver bits.

Derartige Schraubendrehereinsätze vielfach auch als Schrauberbits bezeichnet werden in einem Halter oder direkt im Schraubwerkzeug aufgenommen und weisen im Regelfall einen sechskant-förmigen Aufnahmeschaft sowie eine Spitze, auch als Abtrieb bezeichnet, auf. Die Form bzw. das Profil der Spitze ist auf die Kopfform der einzuschraubenden Schraube abgestimmt. So sind insbesondere Schrauben mit geschlitzten Köpfen, mit Kreuzschlitzköpfen unterschiedlicher Formen, sowie mit Innen-Torxköpfen stark verbreitet.Such screwdriver bits are often referred to as screwdriver bits are received in a holder or directly in the screwing tool and usually have a hexagonal-shaped receiving shaft and a tip, also referred to as the output, on. The shape or profile of the tip is matched to the head shape of the screw to be screwed. In particular, screws with slotted heads, with Phillips heads of different shapes, and with inner Torx heads are widely used.

Die Schraubendrehereinsätze werden in erster Linie aus Stahl, der im Regelfall auf eine Härte zwischen 54 und 62 HRC gehärtet wird, hergestellt. Bei dieser Härte besitzen derartige Schraubendrehereinsätze aus Stahl in der Regel noch ausreichende Zähigkeit, um die beim Schraubvorgang auftretende Belastung auf Torsion ohne Schädigung aufzunehmen.The screwdriver bits are primarily made of steel, which is usually cured to a hardness between 54 and 62 HRC. At this hardness, such screwdriver bits made of steel usually have sufficient toughness to accommodate the stress occurring during the screwing on torsion without damage.

Trotz der verhältnismäßig hohen Härte kommt es vielfach auch in Abhängigkeit vom Profil des Schraubendrehereinsatzes zu einer raschen Abnützung und Beschädigung der Profilkanten und damit zu einem frühzeitigen Verschleiß und/oder einer Beschädigung der Schraubenköpfe.Despite the relatively high hardness, it often comes in response to the profile of the screwdriver bit to a rapid wear and damage the tread edges and thus premature wear and / or damage to the screw heads.

Es wurde daher in der Vergangenheit versucht, die Verschleißfestigkeit der Oberfläche der Schraubendrehereinsätze zumindest im Profilbereich durch Hartstoffbeschichtungen oder aufgelötete Hartmetallarmierungen weiter zu verbessern.It has therefore been tried in the past, the wear resistance of the surface of the screwdriver bits at least in the profile area by hard coatings or brazed carbide reinforcements continue to improve.

So beschreibt beispielsweise die DE 40 29 734 C2 die Ausbildung einer Anti-Rutsch-Beschichtung auf Schraubendrehereinsätzen, wobei Reibstoffteilchen im Lichtbogenverfahren von einer Elektrode auf die gehärtete Arbeitsfläche des Schraubendrehereinsatzes aufgebracht werden.For example, describes the DE 40 29 734 C2 the formation of an anti-slip coating on screwdriver bits, wherein Reibstoffteilchen be applied in the arc process of an electrode on the hardened work surface of the screwdriver bit.

Alle diese Maßnahmen sind jedoch aufwändig und teuer und können im Falle der Beschichtung aufgrund der langen Temperatureinwirkungen während des Beschichtungsvorganges das Gefüge des Schraubendrehereinsatzes schädigen. Bei den durch aufgelötete Hartmetallarmierungen verstärkten Schraubendrehereinsätzen ist die Scherfestigkeit der Lötstelle vielfach zu gering.However, all these measures are complicated and expensive and can damage the structure of the screwdriver bit in the case of coating due to the long temperature effects during the coating process. In the screwdriver bits reinforced by soldered carbide reinforcements, the shear strength of the solder joint is often too low.

Die JP 02 204592 A , die DE 296 17 040 U sowie die US-A-4753678 beschreiben feinkörnige Hartmetalllegierungen aus Wolframkarbid als Hauptbestandteil mit Kobaltbinder bzw. mit einem Bindersystem aus Eisen, Kobalt und Nickel.The JP 02 204592 A , the DE 296 17 040 U as well as the US-A-4753678 describe fine-grained tungsten carbide hard metal alloys as the main constituent with cobalt binder or with a binder system of iron, cobalt and nickel.

Als Teile, für welche diese Hartmetalllegierungen zum Einsatz kommen, werden Bohrwerkzeuge bzw. Schneidwerkzeuge beschrieben, welche mit hohen Drehzahlen bzw. hoher Schnittgeschwindigkeit arbeiten und die keine hohen Drehmomente übertragen müssen und in erster Linie auf mechanischen Verschleiß und nur in geringem Maß auf Torosion beansprucht werden.As parts for which these hard metal alloys are used, drilling tools or cutting tools are described which operate at high speeds or high cutting speeds and which do not have to transmit high torques and are primarily claimed for mechanical wear and only to a small extent on Torosion ,

Die FR-A-2 469 250 beschreibt ganz allgemein einen karbidischen Werkstoff wie Wolframkarbid ohne nähere Angaben über die genaue Zusammensetzung für die Herstellung speziell ausgestalteter Schraubendrehereinsätze.The FR-A-2 469 250 describes more generally a carbide material such as tungsten carbide without further details of the exact composition for the production of specially designed screwdriver bits.

Zur Gänze aus Hartmetall gefertigte Schraubendrehereinsätze sind aufgrund Bedenken einer zu geringen Torsionsfestigkeit bis jetzt in der Praxis jedenfalls noch nicht zur Anwendung gekommen.Wholly made of tungsten carbide screwdriver bits are still not used in practice because of concerns about too low torsional strength in practice.

Die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, für Schraubendrehereinsätze, einen Werkstoff zur Verfügung zu stellen, der die bisher bekannten Werkstoffe für derartige Anwendungen in seinen Eigenschaften übertrifft.The object of the present invention is to provide for screwdriver bits, a material that exceeds the previously known materials for such applications in its properties.

Erfindungsgemäß wird dies durch die Verwendung einer Hartmetalllegierung aus im wesentlichen Wolframkarbid mit einer mittleren Korngröße kleiner 1,2 µm und aus 13 bis 23 Gew.% Bindermetall, ausgewählt aus einem oder mehreren Metallen aus der Gruppe Kobalt, Eisen und Nickel erreicht.According to the invention, this is achieved by using a hard metal alloy consisting essentially of tungsten carbide with an average particle size of less than 1.2 μm and from 13 to 23% by weight binder metal selected from one or more metals from the group of cobalt, iron and nickel.

Die Verwendung dieser speziellen Hartmetalllegierung bringt deutliche Verbesserungen in der Verschleißfestigkeit und gleichzeitig ausgezeichnete Ergebnisse hinsichtlich Torsionsfestigkeit. Dies war insbesondere auch deshalb überraschend, weil nicht wie zu erwarten besonders zähe Hartmetalllegierungen eine gute Torsionsfestigkeit aufweise, sondern eine Legierungsgruppe die hinsichtlich Zähigkeit nur unterdurchschnittliche Werte aufweist. Die von der speziellen Form und Größe des hergestellten Teiles abhängige Torsionsfestigkeit liegt im Bereich von 1.800 bis 2.400 N/mm2.The use of this special hard metal alloy brings significant improvements in wear resistance and at the same time excellent results in terms of torsional strength. This was surprising in particular because not particularly hard carbide alloys, as expected, have good torsional strength, but rather an alloy group which has only below-average values with regard to toughness. The torsional strength depending on the specific shape and size of the manufactured part is in the range of 1,800 to 2,400 N / mm 2 .

Dass die Legierung im wesentlichen aus Wolframkarbid besteht bedeutet, dass geringfügige Mengen anderer Hartstoffe, insbesondere anderer Karbide in einer Größenordnung von bis zu etwa 10 Gew.% in der Legierung vorhanden sein können, ohne dass sich die vorteilhaften Eigenschaften wesentlich ändern.The fact that the alloy consists essentially of tungsten carbide means that minor amounts of other hard materials, in particular other carbides, of the order of up to about 10% by weight may be present in the alloy without significantly changing the advantageous properties.

Besonders bewährt für die erfindungsgemäße Verwendung hat sich eine Hartmetalllegierung aus Wolframkarbid mit einer mittleren Korngröße im Bereich von 0,7 bis 0,9 µm und aus 13 bis 17 Gew.% Kobaltbinder.A cemented tungsten carbide hard metal alloy having a mean grain size in the range from 0.7 to 0.9 μm and from 13 to 17% by weight cobalt binder has proven particularly suitable for the use according to the invention.

Zusätzlich verbesserte Eigenschaften der erfindungsgemäßen Hartmetalllegierung liegen dann vor, wenn ein gewisser Grobkornanteil in der Hartmetalllegierung vorhanden ist.Additionally improved properties of the hard metal alloy according to the invention are present when a certain amount of coarse grain is present in the hard metal alloy.

Als vorteilhafte Größenordnung hat sich dabei ein Anteil von bis zu 200 Körnern/mm2 mit einer mittleren Korngröße im Bereich von 6 -15 µm bewährt.An advantageous order of magnitude has proven to be a proportion of up to 200 grains / mm 2 with a mean particle size in the range of 6 to 15 μm.

Die Ausbildung des Grobkornanteiles erfolgt durch eine leichte Übersinterung der Hartmetalllegierung bei der Herstellung. Ohne Ausbildung eines Grobkornanteiles erfolgt die Sinterung der erfindungsgemäßen Hartmetalllegierung bei einer Temperatur von etwa 1.400°C, während eines Zeitraumes von etwa 60 Minuten. Die Übersinterung zur Ausbildung des Grobkornanteiles wird durch eine Erhöhung der Sintertemperatur auf etwa 1.440°C und eine Verlängerung der Sinterzeit auf etwa 90 Minuten erreicht.The formation of the coarse grain fraction is effected by a slight sintering of the hard metal alloy during production. Without forming a coarse grain fraction sintering of the hard metal alloy according to the invention takes place at a temperature of about 1400 ° C, during a period of about 60 minutes. The sintering to form the coarse grain fraction is achieved by increasing the sintering temperature to about 1440 ° C and extending the sintering time to about 90 minutes.

Die höchsten Werte an übertragbaren Drehmomenten werden dann erzielt, wenn die Schraubendrehereinsätze durch Metallpulverspritzguss hergestellt werden.The highest levels of transferable torques are achieved when the screwdriver bits are manufactured by metal powder injection molding.

Dazu wird aus dem Hartmetallpulvergemisch und einem organischen Binder, wie Wachsen oder Polymeren, durch Mischen ein Granulat hergestellt und dieses in einer Spritzgussmaschine auf Temperaturen zwischen etwa 100 und 200°C erwärmt und durch eine Presse in entsprechend ausgeführte Gießformen gespritzt. Nach Abkühlen der Mischung werden die Rohlinge, die bereits eine ausgezeichnete Festigkeit aufweisen, aus der Spritzgussform ausgestoßen und dann in entsprechenden Öfen entbindert und unter Ausbildung einer Flüssigphase des Bindermetallanteiles gesintert. Der dabei auftretende volumsmäßige Schwund liegt in der Größenordnung von etwa 50 %, die erzielte Sinterdichte bei nahezu 100 % der theoretischen Dichte.For this purpose, granules are produced from the hard metal powder mixture and an organic binder, such as waxes or polymers, by mixing and heated in an injection molding machine to temperatures between about 100 and 200 ° C and injected through a press into correspondingly executed molds. After cooling the mixture, the blanks, which already have excellent strength, are ejected from the injection mold and then debinded in respective ovens and sintered to form a liquid phase of the binder metal portion. The resulting volumetric shrinkage is on the order of about 50%, the achieved sintering density at nearly 100% of the theoretical density.

Durch die Anwendung des Metallpulverspritzgießens lassen sich bereits in der Spritzgussform gezielte Verrundungen an besonders gefährdeten Kanten am Schraubendrehereinsatz einarbeiten, wodurch sich aufgrund der verminderten Kerbwirkung am Schraubendrehereinsatz hohe Drehmomente ohne Bruchgefährdung übertragen lassen.Through the use of metal powder injection molding, targeted fillets can be incorporated in the injection mold on particularly vulnerable edges on the screwdriver bit, which allows high torques to be transmitted without breakage hazard due to the reduced notch effect on the screwdriver bit.

Besonders vorteilhaft beim Metallpulverspritzgießen von Schraubendrehereinsätzen ist es, wenn in der Spritzgussform unmittelbar unter der Schraubendreherspitze mehrere parallele, etwa 45° zur Längsachse verlaufende, stegförmige Erhebungen eingearbeitet sind. Diese Erhebungen bewirken, dass dem in die Form eingespritzten Material ein gerichteter Fluss zur Spitze des Schraubendrehereinsatzes aufgezwungen wird, wodurch es zu einer besonders guten Füllung und gleichmäßigen Dichte in diesem Bereich kommt, auf den bei der Anwendung die größte Beanspruchung ausgeübt wird.Particularly advantageous in the metal powder injection molding of screwdriver bits is when in the injection mold directly below the screwdriver tip several parallel, about 45 ° to the longitudinal axis extending, web-shaped elevations are incorporated. These bumps cause the material injected into the mold to be forced into a directional flow to the tip of the driver bit, resulting in a particularly good filling and uniform density in this area, which is subjected to the greatest stress in the application.

Weiters lässt das Metallpulverspritzgießen allein durch eine gezielte Oberflächenbeschaffenheit der Spritzgussform eine besonders strukturierte Ausbildung der Profilfläche des Schraubendrehereinsatzes zu, durch die auch bei einer geringeren Anpresskraft des Schraubendrehereinsatzes ein Herausrutschen desselben aus dem Schraubenkopf weitgehend verhindert werden kann, wodurch die Standzeit des Schraubendrehereinsatzes verlängert wird. Ein zusätzlich verstärkter Effekt in dieser Richtung lässt sich durch die Einbringung von ultraharten Teilchen, z.B. Diamantkörnern, im Zuge des Spritzgießvorganges in die Spritzgussform erreichen.Furthermore, the metal powder injection molding alone by a specific surface finish of the injection mold allows a particularly structured design of the profile surface of the screwdriver bit, through which even with a lower contact force of the screwdriver bit slipping it can be largely prevented from the screw head, whereby the service life of the screwdriver bit is extended. An additional enhanced effect in this direction can be achieved through the Incorporation of ultrahard particles, eg diamond grains, in the course of the injection molding process in the injection mold reach.

Im Folgenden wird die Erfindung an Hand eines Herstellungsbeispieles näher beschrieben.The invention will be described in more detail below with reference to a production example.

HerstellungsbeispielPreparation example

Zum Testen der Torsionsfestigkeit wurden stabförmige Proben aus einer erfindungsgemäßen Hartmetalllegierung, in Tabelle 1 als Proben 1 bezeichnet, aus 85 Gew.% Wolframkarbid mit einer mittleren Korngröße von 0,7 µm, Rest Kobalt, hergestellt. Die Proben wiesen ein Sechskantprofil mit einem zylindrischen Mittelteil auf. Die Gesamtlänge der Proben lag bei 38 mm mit einer Schlüsselweite des Sechskantprofiles von 5 mm. Der zylindrische Mittelteil der Proben wies eine Länge von 16 mm und einen Durchmesser von 3,8 mm auf. Der sich dadurch ergebende Querschnitt des Mittelteiles entspricht etwa dem Scherquerschnitt der in der Praxis am häufigsten eingesetzten Schraubendrehereinsätze.To test the torsional strength, rod-shaped samples of a hard metal alloy according to the invention, referred to as samples 1 in Table 1, were prepared from 85% by weight tungsten carbide with a mean grain size of 0.7 μm, balance cobalt. The samples had a hexagonal profile with a cylindrical central part. The total length of the samples was 38 mm with a key width of the hexagonal profile of 5 mm. The cylindrical center portion of the samples had a length of 16 mm and a diameter of 3.8 mm. The resulting cross section of the central part corresponds approximately to the shear cross section of the screwdriver bits most frequently used in practice.

Auf einer Matrizenpresse wurde ein Block mit den Abmessungen 70 mm x 46 mm x 25 mm durch Pressen des Pulvergemisches der erfindungsgemäßen Hartmetalllegierung mit einem Pressdruck von 220 MPa hergestellt.On a die press, a block with the dimensions 70 mm x 46 mm x 25 mm was prepared by pressing the powder mixture of the hard metal alloy according to the invention with a pressure of 220 MPa.

Aus dem gepressten Block wurden die Proben mit ihrer Sechskant Grundform aus dem Mittelteil mittels Diamantscheiben herausgeschnitten. Dann wurden die Proben bei 1.420° während 60 Minuten gesintert.From the pressed block, the samples were cut with their hexagon basic shape from the middle part by means of diamond discs. Then the samples were sintered at 1420 ° C for 60 minutes.

Nach der Sinterung wurde in das Sechskantprofil der Proben der zylindrische Mittelteil mit 38 mm Durchmesser mit einer Toleranz von ± 5 µm eingeschliffen. Die derart hergestellten Proben wurden auf entsprechenden Prüfeinrichtungen auf Biegebruchfestigkeit und Torsionsfestigkeit geprüft. Die Mittelwerte der Biegebruchfestigkeit und Torsionsfestigkeit der geprüften Proben sind in Tabelle 1 aufgeführt.After sintering, the 38 mm diameter cylindrical center section with a tolerance of ± 5 μm was ground into the hexagonal profile of the samples. The samples prepared in this way were tested for bending strength and torsional strength on appropriate test equipment. The values of the bending strength and torsional strength of the tested samples are shown in Table 1.

Zum Vergleich wurden gleichartige Proben aus einer Hartmetalllegierung, bestehend aus 75 Gew.% Wolframkarbid mit einer mittleren Korngröße von 3 µm, Rest Kobalt, in Tabelle 1 als Proben 2 bezeichnet, weiters aus einer Hartmetalllegierung, bestehend aus 85 Gew.% Wolframkarbid mit einer mittleren Korngröße von 1,5 µm, Rest Kobalt, in Tabelle 1 als Proben 3 bezeichnet, sowie schließlich aus einer Hartmetalllegierung, bestehend aus 80 Gew.% Wolframkarbid mit einer mittleren Korngröße von 1,5 µm, Rest Kobalt, in Tabelle 1 als Proben 4 bezeichnet, hergestellt und wie die Proben aus der erfindungsgemäßen Hartmetalllegierung auf Biegebruchfestigkeit und Torsionsfestigkeit geprüft. Auch die Mittelwerte der Festigkeiten dieser Proben sind in Tabelle 1 aufgeführt.For comparison, similar samples of a hard metal alloy, consisting of 75 wt.% Tungsten carbide with a mean grain size of 3 microns, balance cobalt, referred to in Table 1 as samples 2, further from a Tungsten carbide, consisting of 85 wt.% Tungsten carbide with a mean grain size of 1.5 microns, remainder cobalt, referred to in Table 1 as samples 3, and finally from a hard metal alloy consisting of 80 wt.% Tungsten carbide with a mean grain size of 1, 5 microns, balance cobalt, referred to in Table 1 as samples 4, prepared and tested as the samples of the hard metal alloy according to the invention on bending strength and torsional strength. The mean values of the strengths of these samples are also listed in Table 1.

Als weiterer Vergleich wurden gleichartige Proben aus gehärtetem Stahl, in Tabelle 1 als Proben 5 bezeichnet, hergestellt. Der Stahl wies dabei eine für die Herstellung von Schraubendrehereinsätzen übliche Zusammensetzung auf. Auch diese Proben wurden auf Biegebruchfestigkeit und Torsionsfestigkeit untersucht und ihre Mittelwerte in Tabelle 1 aufgeführt. Tabelle 1 Proben Zusammensetzung Biegebruchfestigkeit Torsionsfestigkeit [N/mm2] [N/mm2] 1 85 Gew.% WC, 0,7 µm 3.300 2.300 (erfindungsgemäß) Rest Co 2 75 Gew.% WC, 3 µm 2.500 1.200 Rest Co 3 85 Gew.% WC, 1,5 µm 3.400 1.900 Rest Co 4 80 Gew.% WC, 1,5 µm 3.100 1.350 Rest Co 5 Stahl 4.400 2.300 As a further comparison, similar samples of hardened steel, referred to as Sample 5 in Table 1, were prepared. The steel had a composition customary for the production of screwdriver bits. These samples were also tested for flexural strength and torsional strength and their averages are listed in Table 1. <u> Table 1 </ u> rehearse composition Flexural strength torsional strength [N / mm 2 ] [N / mm 2 ] 1 85% by weight of WC, 0.7 μm 3300 2300 (Invention) Rest Co 2 75% by weight WC, 3 μm 2500 1200 Rest Co 3 85% by weight WC, 1.5 μm 3400 1900 Rest Co 4 80% by weight WC, 1.5 μm 3100 1350 Rest Co 5 stole 4400 2300

Aus der Tabelle ist zu ersehen, dass die erfindungsgemäße Hartmetalllegierung im Vergleich zu den übrigen Hartmetalllegierungen hinsichtlich Torsionsfestigkeit die besten Werte aufweist. Ihre Werte in der Torsionsfestigkeit sind vergleichbar mit den Werten der Stahllegierung. Da Hartmetall gegenüber Stahl zusätzlich deutlich bessere Verschleißfestigkeitseigenschaften aufweist, ergibt sich ein gravierender Vorteil der Hartmetalllegierung. Insbesondere überraschend ist, dass Hartmetalllegierungen mit einer hohen Zähigkeit und guter oder sogar höherer Biegebruchfestigkeit, schlechtere, teilweise sogar deutlich schlechtere Werte in der Torsionsfestigkeit aufweisen.It can be seen from the table that the hard metal alloy according to the invention has the best values in terms of torsional strength compared with the other hard metal alloys. Your values in the Torsional strength is comparable to the values of the steel alloy. Since carbide also has significantly better wear resistance properties compared to steel, there is a serious advantage of the hard metal alloy. It is particularly surprising that hard metal alloys with high toughness and good or even higher bending strength have worse, sometimes even significantly worse values in the torsional strength.

Claims (7)

  1. Use of a hard metal alloy substantially comprising tungsten carbide with an average particle size of less than 1.2 µm, and 13 to 23 wt.% of binder metal, selected from one or more metals from the group of cobalt, iron and nickel, for screwdriver inserts.
  2. Use of a hard metal alloy according to claim 1, characterised in that the hard metal alloy consists of tungsten carbide with an average particle size in the range of 0.7 to 0.9 µm, and 13 to 17 wt.% of cobalt.
  3. Use of a hard metal alloy according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that it has a coarse-grain fraction of up to 200 particles/mm2 with an average particle size in the range of 6 - 15 µm.
  4. A screwdriver insert made from an alloy according to one of claims 1 to 3.
  5. A process for the production of a screwdriver insert according to claim 4, characterised in that the production takes place by metal powder injection moulding.
  6. The process for the production of a screwdriver insert according to claim 5, characterised in that several parallel fin-shaped protrusions running at approximately 45° to the longitudinal axis of the screwdriver insert are machined into the injection mould directly beneath the screwdriver tip.
  7. A screwdriver insert produced by a process according to claim 6, characterised in that it has several parallel grooves running at approximately 45° to the longitudinal axis of the screwdriver insert directly beneath the screwdriver tip.
EP03790536A 2002-09-02 2003-08-26 Use of a hard metal alloy Expired - Lifetime EP1534871B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

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AT0058002U AT6278U1 (en) 2002-09-02 2002-09-02 USE OF A HARD METAL ALLOY
AT5802002U 2002-09-02
PCT/AT2003/000244 WO2004020681A1 (en) 2002-09-02 2003-08-26 Use of a hard metal alloy

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CN101812621A (en) * 2010-04-22 2010-08-25 株洲硬质合金集团有限公司 Submicron hard alloy and preparation method

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US11541516B2 (en) 2019-09-25 2023-01-03 Snap-On Incorporated Fastener retention and anti-camout tool bit

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CN101812621A (en) * 2010-04-22 2010-08-25 株洲硬质合金集团有限公司 Submicron hard alloy and preparation method

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AU2003260151A1 (en) 2004-03-19
EP1534871A1 (en) 2005-06-01
WO2004020681A1 (en) 2004-03-11
US20060037431A1 (en) 2006-02-23
DE50309483D1 (en) 2008-05-08
AT6278U1 (en) 2003-07-25
ATE390494T1 (en) 2008-04-15

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