EP1534676B1 - Piperidinetriol derivatives as inhibitors of glycosylceramide synthase - Google Patents
Piperidinetriol derivatives as inhibitors of glycosylceramide synthase Download PDFInfo
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- EP1534676B1 EP1534676B1 EP03764025A EP03764025A EP1534676B1 EP 1534676 B1 EP1534676 B1 EP 1534676B1 EP 03764025 A EP03764025 A EP 03764025A EP 03764025 A EP03764025 A EP 03764025A EP 1534676 B1 EP1534676 B1 EP 1534676B1
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- 0 C[C@](c1ccccc1)NC(c1ccc(CN(C[C@]([C@@]2O)O)[C@@](CO)[C@]2O)cc1)=* Chemical compound C[C@](c1ccccc1)NC(c1ccc(CN(C[C@]([C@@]2O)O)[C@@](CO)[C@]2O)cc1)=* 0.000 description 2
- YSZLEXIZTOAFET-UZBMRHLWSA-N CC(C1)C(CN(C[C@@H]([C@H]2O)O)[C@@H](CO)[C@H]2O)=CC=C1C(N1c2ccccc2CCC1)=O Chemical compound CC(C1)C(CN(C[C@@H]([C@H]2O)O)[C@@H](CO)[C@H]2O)=CC=C1C(N1c2ccccc2CCC1)=O YSZLEXIZTOAFET-UZBMRHLWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JILPLKFIBUVJEJ-VNTMZGSJSA-N CCCCN(CCO)c(ccc(CN(C[C@@H]([C@H]1O)O)[C@@H](CO)[C@H]1O)c1)c1C#N Chemical compound CCCCN(CCO)c(ccc(CN(C[C@@H]([C@H]1O)O)[C@@H](CO)[C@H]1O)c1)c1C#N JILPLKFIBUVJEJ-VNTMZGSJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OLWLEADVJKYUHX-BYNSBNAKSA-N CN(C)c1cc(Cl)c(CN(C[C@@H]([C@H]2O)O)[C@@H](CO)[C@H]2O)cc1 Chemical compound CN(C)c1cc(Cl)c(CN(C[C@@H]([C@H]2O)O)[C@@H](CO)[C@H]2O)cc1 OLWLEADVJKYUHX-BYNSBNAKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IGBVWKXXQGSEJY-UOVKNHIHSA-N OC[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]1O)O)N(Cc2ccc3OCCOc3c2)C[C@@H]1O Chemical compound OC[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]1O)O)N(Cc2ccc3OCCOc3c2)C[C@@H]1O IGBVWKXXQGSEJY-UOVKNHIHSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
- C07D401/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings
- C07D401/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing only aliphatic carbon atoms
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- C07D211/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings
- C07D211/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D211/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D211/36—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D211/40—Oxygen atoms
- C07D211/44—Oxygen atoms attached in position 4
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- C07D405/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing two hetero rings
- C07D405/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing only aliphatic carbon atoms
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- C07D413/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings
- C07D413/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing only aliphatic carbon atoms
Definitions
- the present invention relates to novel piperidine derivatives useful as inhibitors of glucosylceramide synthase (GCS; UDP-glucose:ceramide glucosyltransferase, UDP-glucose:N-acylsphingosine D-glucosyltransferase, EC 2.4.1.80), methods for their preparation and their use in medicine, specifically in the treatment and prevention of disease states mediated by GCS.
- GCS glucosylceramide synthase
- the compounds find use in the treatment of glycolipid storage diseases, diseases associated with glycolipid accumulation, cancers in which glycolipid synthesis is abnormal, infectious diseases caused by organisms which use cell surface glycolipids as receptors, infectious diseases in which synthesis of glucosylceramide is essential or important, diseases in which excessive glycolipid synthesis occurs, neuronal disorders, neuronal injury and inflammatory diseases or disorders associated with macrophage recruitment and activation.
- GCS is an intracellular enzyme that catalyzes the assembly of uridine diphosphate-glucose and ceramide into the glycolipid, glucosylceramide.
- the role of GCS in regulating ceramide levels has been explored, since this molecule can induce apoptotic cell death ( J. Biol. Chem., 2000, 275(10), 7138-43 ).
- the role of GCS in maintaining cholesterol/glycolipid 'rafts', cell-surface membrane domains of specialized permeability and functionality that appear to be involved in a variety of signal transduction events, has also been investigated ( Nature, 1997, 387(6633), 569-72 ).
- GCS is considered to be a target for treating certain human diseases.
- Glucosylceramide and structurally related glycolipids are stored in the lysosomes of patients with genetic diseases, which result from a mutation in one of the essential glycolipid-degrading enzymes (e.g. Gaucher, Tay Sachs, Sandhoffs, GM1 gangliosidosis and Fabry diseases).
- Glycolipid storage also occurs as a secondary effect in some tissues (e.g. neuronal tissue) with genetic storage diseases such as Niemann-Pick C disease, mucopolysaccharidoses, mucolipidosis type IV ( Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.
- GCS inhibitors may be applied to reduce the rate of glycolipid synthesis in diseased cells so that there is less glycolipid present to be stored, a treatment approach termed substrate deprivation. Studies have demonstrated that GCS inhibitors can be used to reduce the glycolipid accumulation seen in cell and animal models of glycolipid storage disorders ( Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 1999, 96(11), 6388-93 ; Science, 1997, 276(5311), 428-31 ; J. Clin. Invest., 2000, 105(11), 1563-71 ).
- GCS inhibitors such as, N-butyldeoxynojirimycin (NB-DNJ) are useful in treating human patients with Gaucher disease ( Lancet, 2000, 355(9214), 1481-5 ).
- the use of the imino sugar NB-DNJ as a GCS inhibitor is disclosed in EP-A-0698012 .
- EP-A-0536402 and EP-A-0698012 disclose that N-alkyl derivatives of deoxygalactonojirimycin, e.g. N-butyldeoxygalactonojirimycin (NB-DGJ), may also be of use in the treatment of glycolipid storage disorders.
- NB-DGJ N-butyldeoxygalactonojirimycin
- EP-A-0698012 also discloses that the corresponding N-butyl derivatives of mannose (NB-DMJ), fucose (NB-DFJ) and N-acetylglucosamine (NB-NAG) do not act as inhibitors of glycolipid biosynthesis.
- NB-DMJ mannose
- NB-DFJ fucose
- NB-NAG N-acetylglucosamine
- tumour shed and cell surface bound tumour gangliosides can influence tumour host cell interactions such as cell-cell contacts or adhesion ( Methods Enzymol., 2000,312,447-58 ), cell motility ( Mol. Chem. Neuropathol., 1995, 24(2-3), 121-35 ), growth factor signalling events ( J. Biol. Chem., 2000, 275(44), 34213-23 ), tumour stimulated angiogenesis ( Acta.
- glycolipids also have roles in infectious disease, serving as receptors for the binding of pathogenic bacteria (APMIS, 1990, Dec, 98(12), 1053-60 , Review), fungi ( Infect. Immun., 1990 Jul, 58(7), 2085-90 ) and viruses ( FEBS Lett., 1984, May 7, 170(1), 15-18 ).
- glycolipids on the surface of cells are bound by bacterial toxins ( Methods Enzymol., 2000, 312, 459-73 ) for instance, the B subunit of cholera toxin (ganglioside GM1) and verocytotoxin (globotriaosylceramide GB3) (J. Infect. Dis., 2001, suppl. 70-73, 183).
- GCS inhibitors may also find use in the treatment of viral infections.
- GCS inhibitors may also be appropriate in a number of other clinical indications which are associated with abnormalities in glycolipid synthesis.
- Atherosclerotic lesions of human aorta have a higher ganglioside content than unaffected regions of the aorta and serum ganglioside concentrations in atherosclerotic patients are higher than in normal individuals ( Lipids, 1994, 29(1), 1-5 ).
- Tissue derived from the kidneys of patients with polycystic kidney disease contains high levels of both glucosylceramide and lactosylceramide ( J. Lipid. Res., 1996, Jun, 37(6), 1334-44 ). Renal hypertrophy in an animal model of diabetes is associated with increases in glycolipid synthesis, ( J. Clin. Invest., 1993, Mar, 91(3), 797-803 ).
- Glycolipid metabolism also plays a critical role in neuronal disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease and epilepsy.
- NPC Niemann-Pick C
- GM1 ganglioside binding by amyloid beta-protein induces conformational changes that support its formation of fibrous polymers, and the fibrillar deposition of this protein is an early event in Alzheimer's disease ( Yanagisawa et al., 1995, Nat. Med. 1, 1062-6 ; Choo-Smith et al., 1997, Biol. Chem., 272,22987-90 ).
- GCS inhibitors e.g. NB-DNJ
- glucosylceramide synthesis would limit the metabolism of administered glycolipids into other, perhaps unproductive, forms.
- GCS inhibitors may be useful in the treatment of a wide variety of neuronal disorders.
- imino sugars can reversibly induce male sterility and can, therefore, be used as male contraceptives.
- GCS inhibitors could be used for the treatment of obesity.
- an inflammatory agent e.g. bacterial endotoxin
- an inflammatory agent e.g. bacterial endotoxin
- serine palmitoyltransferase and glucosylceramide synthase are key to the de novo synthesis of glycolipids, see Memon, R.A. et al., J. Biol. Chem., 1999, 274(28), 19707-13 ; Memon, R.A. et al., J. Lipid. Res., 2001, 42(3), 452-9 .
- glycolipids Such a role for glycolipids is further supported by the demonstration of changes in glycolipid expression in animals with genetic defects which result in hyper- or hypo- sensitive responses to inflammatory stimuli.
- endotoxin treatment in C3H/HeJ mice which have a toll-like receptor 4 mutation and are hypo-responsive to bacterial endotoxin
- recruited macrophages were found to lack ganglioside G M1b , which is a major ganglioside found in recruited macrophages in normal mice, see Yohe, H.C. et al., Immunol., 1991, 146(6), 1900-8 ; Yohe, H.C. et al., Immunol., 1986, 137(12), 3921-7 .
- GCS inhibitors may be useful in the treatment of inflammatory diseases and other disorders associated with macrophage recruitment and activation, including but not limited to, rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn's disease, asthma and sepsis.
- WO02/055498 published after the priority date of the present application, discloses piperidine derivatives useful as GCS inhibitors.
- the compounds of the invention may exhibit improved potency and/or selectivity for GCS, relative to non-lysosomal- ⁇ -glucocerebrosidase activity, over known hydroxylated piperidine derivatives.
- Ar 1 is phenyl, wherein phenyl is substituted by one or more substituents selected from CN, CON(R 1 ) 2 , SO 2 N(R 1 ) 2 , N(R 5 ) 2 , N(R 1 )COR 2 , C 0-6 alkylAr 2 and C 2-6 alkenylAr 2 wherein one or more of the -CH 2 - groups of the alkyl chain may be replaced with a heteroatom selected from O, S and NR 3 , provided that when the heteroatom is O, at least two -CH 2 - groups separate it from any additional O atom in the alkyl chain; or two adjacent substituents on the Ar 1 phenyl may together form a fused 5- or 6-membered saturated or unsaturated ring wherein the ring optionally contains 1 or 2 heteroatoms selected from O and NR 4 and is optionally substituted by one or more substituents selected from, an oxo group, C 1-6 alkyl and C 0-3
- Ar 1 is phenyl, wherein phenyl is substituted by one or more substituents selected from CN, CON(R 1 ) 2 , N(R 5 ) 2 , and C 0-6 alkylAr 2 wherein one or more of the -CH 2 - groups of the alkyl chain may be replaced with a heteroatom selected from O, S and NR 3 , provided that when the heteroatom is O, at least two -CH 2 - groups separate it from any additional O atom in the alkyl chain; or two adjacent substituents on the Ar 1 phenyl may together form a fused 5- or 6-membered saturated or unsaturated ring wherein the ring optionally contains 1 or 2 heteroatoms selected from O and NR 4 and is optionally substituted by one or more substituents selected from, an oxo group, C 1-6 alkyl and C 0-3 alkylAr 4 , and the Ar 1 phenyl is optionally substituted by one or more additional substituents selected from
- Ar 1 is phenyl, wherein phenyl is substituted by one or more substituents selected from CN, CON(R 1 ) 2 , N(R 5 ) 2 , and C 0-6 alkylAr 2 wherein one or more of the -CH 2 - groups of the alkyl chain may be replaced with O, provided that at least two -CH 2 - groups separate it from any additional O atom introduced into the alkyl chain, and the Ar 1 phenyl is optionally substituted by one or more additional substituents selected from F, Cl, Br, CF 3 , OCF 3 , OR 3 and C 1-6 alkyl.
- the substituent is preferably selected from OCH 3 and F. More preferably the ortho substituent is F.
- Ar 1 is phenyl substituted by C 2 alkylAr 2 wherein one of the -CH 2 - groups of the alkyl chain is replaced with O, preferably, the -CH 2 - group linked to the Ar 1 phenyl is replaced with O.
- R 1 is preferably H, C 1-6 alkyl or C 1-6 alkylAr 3 . More preferably R 1 is H or C 1-6 alkylAr 3 .
- R 2 is preferably Ar 3 or C 1-6 alkylAr 3 . More preferably R 2 is C 1-6 alkylAr 3 .
- R 3 is preferably H.
- R 4 is preferably H or C 1-6 alkyl. More preferably R 4 is H.
- R 5 is preferably C 1-6 alkyl optionally substituted by OH, or C 1-6 alkylAr 3 . More preferably R 5 is C 1-6 alkyl.
- the group C 1-6 alkylAr 3 is preferably C 1-3 alkylAr 3 , for example, C 1 alkylAr 3 or C 2 alkylAr 3 .
- Ar 2 is preferably phenyl which may be optionally substituted by one or more substituents selected from F, Cl, Br, CN, CF 3 , OCF 3 , OR 3 and C 1-6 alkyl.
- Ar 3 is preferably phenyl which may be optionally substituted by one or more substituents selected from F, Cl, Br, CN, CF 3 , OCF 3 , OR 3 and C 1-6 alkyl.
- Ar 4 is preferably phenyl which may be optionally substituted by one or more substituents selected from F, Cl, Br, CN, CF 3 , OCF 3 , OR 3 and C 1-6 alkyl.
- n is preferably 2.
- R 1 and R 5 groups may be the same or different.
- bicyclic groups which may be formed include benzofuran, indole, benzoxazine, quinoline and isoquinoline.
- heterocyclic groups include piperidine, piperizine, morpholine and quinoline.
- heterocyclic groups include, piperidine, piperizine and morpholine.
- heteroaryl groups include furan, thiophene, oxazole, triazole, pyridine, pyrazine, pyrimidine, benzofuran benzothiophene and benzoxazine.
- R is C 1-3 alkylaryl where aryl is phenyl or pyridyl; wherein phenyl is substituted by one or more substituents selected from CN, CON(R 1 ) 2 , SO 2 R 2 , N(R 2 ) 2 , and N(R 1 )COR 2 , or two adjacent substituents on the phenyl may together form a fused 5- or 6-membered saturated or unsaturated ring optionally containing 1 or 2 heteroatoms, selected from N and O, and the phenyl is optionally substituted by one or more additional substituents selected from F, Cl, Br, CF 3 , OCF 3 , and OR 1 ; and wherein pyridyl is substituted by one or more substituents, selected from, CN, CON(R 1 ) 2 , SO 2 R 2 , N(R 2 ) 2 , N(R 1 )COR 2 , F, Cl
- R is C 1-3 alkylAr 1 where Ar 1 is phenyl or pyridyl; wherein phenyl is substituted by one or more substituents selected from CN, CON(R 1 ) 2 , SO 2 R 2 , N(R 2 ) 2 , N(R 1 )COR 2 , and C 1-3 alkylAr 2 wherein one of the -CH 2 - groups of the alkyl chain may be replaced with O and where Ar 2 is phenyl or a 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl group containing up to 3 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S; or two adjacent substituents on the Ar 1 phenyl may together form a fused 5- or 6-membered saturated or unsaturated ring optionally containing 1 or 2 heteroatoms selected from N and O; and wherein pyridyl is substituted by one or more substituents, selected from, CN, CON(R 1 ) 2
- R is C 1-3 alkylAr 1 where Ar 1 is phenyl or pyridyl; wherein phenyl is substituted by one or more substituents selected from CN, CON(R 1 ) 2 , SO n R 2 , SO 2 N(R 1 ) 2 , N(R 2 ) 2 , N(R 1 )COR 2 , N(R 1 )SO n R 2 , C 0-6 alkylAr 2 , C 2-6 alkenylAr 2 and C 3-6 alkynylAr 2 wherein one or more of the -CH 2 - groups of the alkyl chain may be replaced with a heteroatom selected from O, S and NR 3 , provided that when the heteroatom is O, at least two -CH 2 - groups separate it from any additional O atom in the alkyl chain; or two adjacent substituents on the Ar 1 phenyl may together form a fused 5-
- the compounds of the invention preferably have a molecular weight of less than 800, more preferably less than 600.
- alkyl as used herein whether on its own or as part of a larger group e.g. "alkylaryl”, includes both straight and branched chain radicals.
- alkyl also includes those radicals wherein one or more hydrogen atoms are replaced by fluorine. Alkenyl and alkynyl are to be interpreted accordingly.
- heterocyclic group includes, unless otherwise defined, non-aromatic and aromatic, single and fused, rings containing one ore more, e.g. up to three, heteroatoms in each ring, each of which is selected from O, S and N, which rings, may be unsubstituted or substituted.
- Each heterocyclic ring suitably has from 5 to 10, preferably 5, 6, 9 or 10 ring atoms.
- a fused heterocyclic ring system may include carbocyclic rings and need include only one heterocyclic ring.
- heterocyclyl groups including heteroaromatic ring systems, are as follows: pyrrolidine, piperidine, piperazine, morpholine, imidazolidine, pyrazolidine, pyrrole, quinoline, isoquinoline, pyridine, pyrazine, pyrimidine, oxazole, thiazole, thiophene, indole, furan, thiadiazole, triazole, imidazole, benzopyran, benzofuran, benzothiophene, benzoxazine and benzamidazole.
- Heteroaryl is to be interpreted accordingly.
- Specific compounds of the invention include the compounds provided in the Examples and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
- Preferred compounds of the invention include:
- Highly preferred compounds of the invention include, 3,4,5-Piperidinetriol, 2-(hydroxymethyl)-1-[[4-(phenylmethoxy)phenyl]methyl]-, (2S,3R,4R,5S); 3,4,5-Piperidinetriol, 2-(hydroxymethyl)-1-[[2-propyl-2 H -1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one-6-yl]methyl]-, (2S,3R,4R,5S); and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
- the compounds of the present invention can be used for the inhibition of GCS.
- an aspect of the present invention provides the use of the compounds of formula (I) in medicine.
- Suitable, pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compounds of formula (I) include, but are not limited to, salts with inorganic acids such as hydrochloride, sulfate, phosphate, diphosphate, hydrobromide and nitrate, or salts with an organic acid such as malate, maleate, fumarate, tartrate, succinate, citrate, acetate, lactate, methanesulfonate, p-toluenesulfonate, palmitate, salicylate and stearate.
- inorganic acids such as hydrochloride, sulfate, phosphate, diphosphate, hydrobromide and nitrate
- an organic acid such as malate, maleate, fumarate, tartrate, succinate, citrate, acetate, lactate, methanesulfonate, p-toluenesulfonate, palmitate, salicylate and stearate.
- Some of the compounds of this invention may be crystallised or recrystallised from solvents such as aqueous and organic solvents. In such cases solvates may be formed.
- This invention includes within its scope stoichiometric solvates including hydrates as well as compounds containing variable amounts of water that may be produced by processes such as lyophilisation.
- R groups of compounds of formula (I) may exist in the form of optical isomers, e.g. diastereoisomers and mixtures of isomers in all ratios, e.g. racemic mixtures.
- the invention includes all such forms, in particular the pure isomeric forms.
- the different isomeric forms may be separated or resolved one from the other by conventional methods, or any given isomer may be obtained by conventional synthetic methods or by stereospecific or asymmetric syntheses.
- the compounds of the invention may exist as tautomers, e.g. keto/enol tautomers, all of which are included within the scope of formula (I).
- the compounds of formula (I) are intended for use in pharmaceutical compositions it will readily be understood that they are preferably provided in substantially pure form, for example at least 60% pure, more suitably at least 75% pure and preferably at least 85%, especially at least 98% pure (% are on a weight for weight basis). Impure preparations of the compounds may be used for preparing the more pure forms used in the pharmaceutical compositions; these less pure preparations of the compounds should contain at least 1%, more suitably at least 5% and e.g. 10 to 59% of a compound of the formula (I) or pharmaceutically acceptable derivative thereof.
- the compounds of formula (I) can be prepared by art-recognized procedures from known or commercially available starting materials. If the starting materials are unavailable from a commercial source, their synthesis is described herein, or they can be prepared by procedures known in the art.
- the compounds of formula (I) may be prepared by processes comprising:
- the compound of formula (II) is known, see e.g. Carbohydr. Res., 1993, 246, 377-81 .
- Compounds of formula (III) may be prepared by reacting a compound of formula (IV): wherein OL, which may be the same or different are leaving groups, such as mesyloxy, and P is as defined for formula (III), with an amine of formula RNH 2 , wherein R is as defined in formula (I), either neat or in a solvent such as tetrahydrofuran.
- Compound (IVa), wherein L is mesyl and P is benzyl, is a known compound: V.S. Rao et al., Can. J. Chem., (1981), 59(2), 333-8 ; P.A. Fowler et al., Carbohydr. Res., (1993), 246, 377-81 .
- the invention also provides a compound of formula (I) when produced according to the methods described above.
- labile functional groups in the intermediate compounds e.g. hydroxy, carboxy and amino groups
- a comprehensive discussion of the ways in which various labile functional groups may be protected and methods for cleaving the resulting protected derivatives is given in for example Protective Groups in Organic Chemistry, T.W. Greene and P.G.M. Wuts, (Wiley-Interscience, New York, 2nd edition, 1991 ).
- the compounds of formula (1) may be prepared singly or as compound libraries comprising at least 2, for example 5 to 500 compounds, and more preferably 10 to 100 compounds of formula (I).
- Libraries of compounds of formula (I) may be prepared by multiple parallel synthesis using either solution phase or solid phase chemistry, by procedures known to those skilled in the art.
- a compound library comprising at least 2 compounds of formula (I) or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
- the pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compounds of formula (I) may be prepared by methods well known to those skilled in the art.
- the pharmaceutically effective compounds of formula (I) may be administered in conventional dosage forms prepared by combining a compound of formula (I) ("active ingredient") with standard pharmaceutical carriers or diluents according to conventional procedures well known in the art. These procedures may involve mixing, granulating and compressing or dissolving the ingredients as appropriate to the desired preparation.
- the present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition
- a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of formula (I), together with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, excipients and/or diluents.
- the active ingredient or pharmaceutical composition can be administered simultaneously, separately or sequentially with another treatment for the disorder to be treated.
- the active ingredient or pharmaceutical composition may be administered to a subject by any of the routes conventionally used for drug administration, for example they may be adapted for oral (including buccal, sublingual), topical (including transdermal), nasal (including inhalation), rectal, vaginal or parenteral (including subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous or intradermal) administration to mammals including humans.
- routes conventionally used for drug administration for example they may be adapted for oral (including buccal, sublingual), topical (including transdermal), nasal (including inhalation), rectal, vaginal or parenteral (including subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous or intradermal) administration to mammals including humans.
- the most suitable route for administration in any given case will depend on the particular compound or pharmaceutical composition, the subject and the nature and severity of the disease and the physical condition of the subject.
- Such compositions may be prepared by any method known in the art of pharmacy, for example by bringing into association the active ingredient with the carrier(s) or excipient(s).
- compositions adapted for oral administration may be presented as discrete units such as capsules or tablets; powders or granules; solutions or suspensions in aqueous or non-aqueous liquids; edible foams or whips; or oil-in-water liquid emulsions or water-in-oil liquid emulsions.
- Tablets and capsules for oral administration may be in unit dose presentation form and may contain conventional excipients such as binding agents, for example syrup, acacia, gelatin, sorbitol, tragacanth, or polyvinylpyrrolidone; fillers, for example lactose, sugar, maize-starch, calcium phosphate, sorbitol or glycine; tabletting lubricants, for example magnesium stearate, talc, polyethylene glycol or silica; disintegrants, for example potato starch; or acceptable wetting agents such as sodium lauryl sulfate.
- the tablets may be coated according to methods well known in normal pharmaceutical practice.
- Oral liquid preparations may be in the form of, for example, aqueous or oily suspensions, solutions, emulsions, syrups or elixirs, or may be presented as a dry product for reconstitution with water or other suitable vehicle before use.
- Such liquid preparations may contain conventional additives, such as suspending agents, for example sorbitol, methyl cellulose, glucose syrup, gelatin, hydroxyethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, aluminium stearate gel or hydrogenated edible fats, emulsifying agents, for example lecithin, sorbitan monooleate, or acacia; non-aqueous vehicles (which may include edible oils), for example almond oil, oily esters such as glycerine, propylene glycol, or ethyl alcohol; preservatives, for example methyl or propyl p-hydroxybenzoate or sorbic acid, and, if desired, conventional flavouring or colouring agents.
- suspending agents for example sorbitol, methyl cellulose, glucose syrup, gelatin, hydroxyethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, aluminium stearate gel or hydrogenated edible fats, emulsifying agents, for example lecithin, sorbitan monooleate, or
- compositions adapted for topical administration may be formulated as ointments, creams, suspensions, lotions, powders, solutions, pastes, gels, impregnated dressings, sprays, aerosols or oils and may contain appropriate conventional additives such as preservatives, solvents to assist drug penetration and emollients in ointments and creams.
- Such applications include those to the eye or other external tissues, for example the mouth and skin and the compositions are preferably applied as a topical ointment or cream.
- the active ingredient may be employed with either a paraffinic or a water-miscible ointment base.
- the active ingredient may be formulated in a cream with an oil-in-water cream base or a water-in-oil base.
- the composition may also contain compatible conventional carriers, such as cream or ointment bases and ethanol or oleyl alcohol for lotions.
- compositions adapted for topical administration to the eye include eye drops wherein the active ingredient is dissolved or suspended in a suitable carrier, especially an aqueous solvent.
- compositions adapted for topical administration in the mouth include lozenges, pastilles and mouth washes.
- compositions adapted for transdermal administration may be presented as discrete patches intended to remain in intimate contact with the epidermis of the recipient for a prolonged period of time.
- the active ingredient may be delivered from the patch by iontophoresis as generally described in Pharmaceutical Research, 3(6), 318, (1986 ).
- compositions adapted for nasal administration wherein the carrier is a solid include a coarse powder having a particle size for example in the range 20 to 500 microns which is administered by rapid inhalation through the nasal passage from a container of the powder held close up to the nose.
- Suitable compositions wherein the carrier is a liquid, for administration as a nasal spray or as nasal drops, include aqueous or oil solutions of the active ingredient.
- compositions adapted for administration by inhalation include fine particle dusts or mists which may be generated by means of various types of metered dose pressurised aerosols, nebulizers or insufflators.
- compositions adapted for rectal administration may be presented as suppositories or enemas.
- Suppositories will contain conventional suppository bases, e.g. cocoa-butter or other glyceride.
- compositions adapted for vaginal administration may be presented as pessaries, tampons, creams, gels, pastes, foams or spray compositions.
- compositions adapted for parenteral administration include aqueous and non-aqueous sterile injection solutions which may contain anti-oxidants, buffers, bacteriostats and solutes which render the formulation isotonic with the blood of the intended recipient; and aqueous and non-aqueous sterile suspensions which may include suspending agents and thickening agents.
- the compositions may be presented in unit-dose or multi-dose containers, for example, sealed ampoules and vials and may be stored in a freeze-dried (lyophilized) condition requiring only the addition of the sterile liquid carrier, for example water for injections, immediately prior to use.
- Extemporaneous injection solutions and suspensions may be prepared from sterile powders, granules and tablets.
- fluid unit dosage forms are prepared utilizing the active ingredient and a sterile vehicle, e.g. water.
- a sterile vehicle e.g. water.
- the active ingredient depending on the vehicle and concentration used, can be either suspended or dissolved in the vehicle.
- the active ingredient can be dissolved in water for injection and filter sterilised before filling into a suitable vial or ampoule and sealing.
- agents such as a local anaesthetic, preservative and buffering agents can be dissolved in the vehicle.
- the composition can be frozen after filling into the vial and the water removed under vacuum.
- the dry lyophilized powder is then sealed in the vial and an accompanying vial of water for injection may be supplied to reconstitute the liquid prior to use.
- Parenteral suspensions are prepared in substantially the same manner except that the active ingredient is suspended in the vehicle instead of being dissolved and sterilization cannot be accomplished by filtration.
- the active ingredient can be sterilised by exposure to ethylene oxide before suspending in the sterile vehicle.
- a surfactant or wetting agent is included in the composition to facilitate uniform distribution of the active ingredient.
- compositions according to the invention are preferably adapted for oral administration.
- compositions may also include other agents conventional in the art having regard to the type of formulation in question, for example those suitable for oral administration may include flavouring agents. They may also contain therapeutically active agents in addition to the compounds of the present invention. Such carriers may be present as from about 1% up to about 98% of the formulation. More usually they will form up to about 80% of the formulation.
- compositions may contain from 0.1% by weight, e.g. 10-60% by weight, of the active material, depending on the method of administration.
- compositions may be presented in unit dose forms containing a predetermined amount of active ingredient per dose.
- a unit may contain for example 0.1mg/kg to 750mg/kg, more preferably 0.1mg/kg to 10mg/kg depending on the condition being treated, the route of administration and the age, weight and condition of the patient.
- Preferred unit dosage compositions are those containing a daily dose or sub-dose, or an appropriate fraction thereof, of an active ingredient.
- the optimal quantity and spacing of individual dosages of active ingredients will be determined by the nature and extent of the condition being treated, the form, route and site of administration and the particular subject being treated and that such optimums can be determined by conventional techniques. It will also be appreciated by one of skill in the art that the optimal course of treatment, i.e., the number of doses of the active ingredients given per day for a defined number of days, can be ascertained by those skilled in the art using conventional course of treatment determination tests.
- the compounds of the invention are useful in that they are capable of inhibiting glucosylceramide synthase.
- the compounds of the invention can be used in the treatment of various glycolipid storage diseases such as Gaucher's disease, Sandhoffs disease, Tay-Sachs disease, Fabry disease, GM1 gangliosidosis etc.
- compounds such as this also can find use in the treatment of conditions in which glycolipid accumulation occurs such as Niemann-Pick disease, mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS 1, MPS IIIA, MPS IIIB, MPS VI and MPS VII), mucolipidosis type IV and ⁇ -mannosidosis.
- the compounds of the present invention can also be used in the treatment of cancers in which glycolipid synthesis is abnormal such as brain tumours, neuroblastoma, malignant melanoma, renal adenocarcinoma and multi-drug resistant cancers in general.
- the compounds of the present invention can also be used in the treatment of disease caused by infectious organisms which use cell surface glycolipid as receptors for the infectious organism or toxin produced by the infectious organism.
- the compounds of the present invention may also be used in the treatment of disease caused by infectious organisms for which the synthesis of glucosylceramide is an essential or important process, such as, pathogenic fungi, e.g. Cryptococcus neoformans or viral infections, e.g. viruses that require host cell enzymes to synthesize and properly fold their viral envelope glycoproteins, or viruses that acquire a component of their envelope from an internal host cell membrane.
- pathogenic fungi e.g. Cryptococcus neoformans
- viral infections e.g. viruses that require host cell enzymes to synthesize and properly fold their viral envelope glycoproteins, or viruses that acquire a component of their envelope from an internal host cell membrane.
- GCS inhibition may result in improper glycoprocessing or the misfolding of one or more viral envelope glycoproteins, inhibition of viral secretion, or improper viral fusion of the virus with its target cells.
- Suitable viral infections for treatment may be caused by, for example but not limited to, the following viruses: flaviviruses and pestiviruses, e.g. hepatitis C virus, yellow fever virus, dengue viruses 1-4, Japanese encephalitis virus, Murray Valley encephalitis virus, Rocio virus, West Nile fever virus, St. Louis encephalitis virus, tick-borne encephalitis virus, Louping ill virus, Powassan virus, Omsk hemorrhagic fever virus, and Kyasanur forest disease virus; hepadnavirus, e.g. hepatitis B virus; paramyxovirus, e.g. respiratory syncytial virus or retroviruses, such as, human immunodeficiency virus.
- flaviviruses and pestiviruses e.g. hepatitis C virus, yellow fever virus, dengue viruses 1-4, Japanese encephalitis virus, Murray Valley encephalitis virus, Rocio virus, West Nile fever virus,
- the compounds of the present invention can also be used in the treatment of disease in which excessive glycolipid synthesis occurs such as but not limited to, atherosclerosis, polycystic kidney disease and diabetic renal hypertrophy.
- the compounds of the present invention can also be used in the treatment of neuronal disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease and epilepsy; and neuronal degenerative disease such as Parkinsons' disease
- the compounds of the present invention can also be used in the treatment of neuronal injury such as spinal cord injuries or stroke.
- the compounds of the present invention can also be used for reversibly rendering a male mammal infertile.
- the compounds of the present invention can also be used in the treatment of obesity.
- the compounds of the present invention can also be used in the treatment of inflammatory diseases or disorders associated with macrophage recruitment and activation, including but not limited to, rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn's disease, asthma and sepsis.
- the present invention provides:
- the invention also provides for the use of a compound of formula (I) for the treatment of the above mentioned diseases and conditions.
- the resin was eluted with methanol (25ml) to remove all non-basic side products.
- the desired compound was then eluted using a solution of 7:1 methanol/ammonium hydroxide (20ml).
- the resulting solution was concentrated to a small volume (1ml) and freeze dried to afford the title compound as a white solid (68mg, 50%).
- the resin was eluted with methanol (25ml) to remove all non-basic side products.
- the desired compound was then eluted using a solution of 2:2:1 methanol/water/ammonium hydroxide (100ml).
- the resulting solution was concentrated to a small volume (1ml) and freeze dried to afford the title compound as a white solid (53mg, 59%).
- the resin was eluted with methanol (25ml) to remove all non-basic side products.
- the desired compound was then eluted using a solution of 2:2:1 methanol/water/ammonium hydroxide (100ml).
- the resulting solution was concentrated to a small volume (1ml) and freeze dried to afford the title compound as a white solid (43mg, 49%).
- the resin was eluted with methanol (25ml) to remove all non-basic side products.
- the desired compound was then eluted using a solution of 2:2:1 methanol/water/ammonium hydroxide (100ml).
- the resulting solution was concentrated to a small volume (1ml) and freeze dried to afford the title compound as a white solid (65mg, 69%).
- the crude reaction mixture was purified using a plug of acidic Dowex 50X4-200 resin (1.5g), which had been pre-washed with 10% aqueous hydrochloric acid, followed by water then methanol.
- the resin was eluted with methanol (25ml) to remove all non-basic side products.
- the desired compound was then eluted using a solution of 2:2:1 methanol/water/ammonium hydroxide (50ml). The solution was concentrated to a small volume ( ⁇ 1ml) and freeze dried to give title product (83mg, 90%).
- the crude reaction mixture was purified using a plug of acidic Dowex 50X4-200 resin (1.5g), which had been pre-washed with 10% aqueous hydrochloric acid, followed by water, then methanol.
- the resin was eluted with methanol (25ml) to remove all non basic side products.
- the desired compound was eluted using a solution of 2:2:1 methanol/water/ammonium hydroxide (50ml).
- the resulting solution was concentrated to a small volume ( ⁇ 1ml) upon which it crystallised to give the title compound (99mg, 79%).
- the crude reaction mixture was purified using a plug of acidic Dowex 50X4-200 resin (1.5g), which had been pre-washed with 10% aqueous hydrochloric acid, followed by water then methanol.
- the resin was eluted with methanol (25ml) to remove all non-basic side products.
- the desired compound was then eluted using a solution of 2:2:1 methanol/water/ammonium hydroxide (50ml).
- the crude reaction mixture was purified using a plug of acidic Dowex 50X4-200 resin (1.5g), which had been pre-washed with 10% aqueous hydrochloric acid, followed by water, then methanol.
- the resin was eluted with methanol (25ml) to remove all non-basic side products.
- the desired compound was eluted using a solution of 2:2:1 methanol/water/ammonium hydroxide (50ml).
- the resulting solution was concentrated to a small volume ( ⁇ 1ml) and freeze dried to give title compound (108mg, 83%).
- the crude reaction mixture was purified using a plug of acidic Dowex 50X4-200 resin (1.5g), which had been pre-washed with 10% aqueous hydrochloric acid, followed by water, then methanol.
- the resin was eluted with 2:1 methanol/dichloromethane (25ml) to remove all non-basic side products.
- the desired compound was eluted using a solution of 2:2:1 methanol/dichloromethane/ammonium hydroxide (50ml). The solution was concentrated to a small volume ( ⁇ 1ml) and freeze dried to give title product (101mg, 91%).
- the resin was eluted with methanol (25ml) to remove all non-basic side products.
- the desired compound was then eluted using a solution of 2:2:1 methanol/water/ammonium hydroxide (100ml).
- the resulting solution was concentrated to a small volume (1ml) and freeze dried to afford the title compound as a white solid (44mg, 37%).
- the crude reaction mixture was purified using a plug of acidic Dowex 50X4-200 resin (1.5g), which had been pre-washed with 10% aqueous hydrochloric acid, followed by water, then methanol.
- the resin was eluted with methanol (25ml) to remove all non-basic side products.
- the desired compound was eluted using a solution of 2:2:1 methanol/water/ammonium hydroxide (50ml).
- the resin was eluted with methanol (25ml) to remove all non-basic side products.
- the desired compound was then eluted using a solution of 2:2:1 methanol/water/ammonium hydroxide (100ml).
- the resulting solution was concentrated to a small volume (1ml) and freeze dried to afford the title compound as a white solid (4mg, 3.5%).
- the crude reaction mixture was purified using a plug of acidic Dowex 50X4-200 resin (1.5g), which had been pre-washed with 10% aqueous hydrochloric acid, followed by water, then methanol.
- the resin was eluted with 1:1 methanol/dichloromethane (25ml) to remove all non-basic side products.
- the desired compound was eluted using a solution of 2:2:1 methanol/dichloromethane/ammonium hydroxide (50ml). The resulting solution was evaporated to dryness to give the title compound (95mg, 86%).
- the crude reaction mixture was purified using a plug of acidic Dowex 50X4-200 resin (1.5g), which had been pre-washed with 10% aqueous hydrochloric acid, followed by water, then methanol.
- the resin was eluted with methanol (25ml) to remove all non-basic side products.
- the desired compound was then eluted using a solution of 2:2:1 methanol/water/ammonium hydroxide (50ml).
- the crude reaction mixture was purified using a plug of acidic Dowex 50X4-200 resin (1.5g), which had been pre-washed with 10% aqueous hydrochloric acid, followed by water, then methanol.
- the resin was eluted with methanol (25ml) to remove all non-basic side products.
- the desired compound was then eluted using a solution of 2:2:1 methanol/water/ammonium hydroxide (50ml).
- the crude reaction mixture was purified using a plug of acidic Dowex 50X4-200 resin (1.5g), which had been pre-washed with 10% aqueous hydrochloric acid, followed by water then methanol.
- the resin was eluted with methanol (25ml) to remove all non-basic side products.
- the desired compound was eluted using a solution of 2:2:1 methanol/water/ammonium hydroxide (50ml).
- the resulting solution was concentrated to a small volume ( ⁇ 1ml) and freeze dried to give the crude product, which was purified by column chromatography (silica, gradient elution from dichloromethane to 79:20:1 dichloromethane/methanol/ammonium hydroxide).
- the crude reaction mixture was purified using a plug of acidic Dowex 50X4-200 resin (1g), which had been pre-washed with methanol (10ml).
- the resin was eluted with methanol (25ml) and then ethyl acetate (25ml) to remove all non-basic side products.
- the desired compound was then eluted using a solution of 7:1 methanol/ammonium hydroxide (25ml).
- the resulting solution was concentrated to a small volume (1ml) and freeze dried.
- the product was further purified using column chromatography on silica gel (5g, gradient elution 0 to 20% MeOH/dichloromethane and 0.2% triethylamine) to afford the title compound as a white solid (10mg, 9%).
- the resin was eluted with methanol (25ml) to remove all non-basic side products.
- the desired compound was then eluted using a solution of 7:1 methanol/ammonium hydroxide (25ml).
- the resulting solution was concentrated to a small volume (1ml) and freeze dried to afford the title compound as a white solid (86mg, 71%).
- the resin was eluted with methanol (25ml) to remove all non- basic side products.
- the desired compound was then eluted using a solution of 7:1 methanol/ammonium hydroxide (25ml).
- the resulting solution was concentrated to a small volume (1ml) and freeze dried to afford the title compound as a white solid (62mg, 57%).
- the resin was eluted with methanol (25ml) to remove all non-basic side products.
- the desired compound was then eluted using a solution of 7:1 methanol/ammonium hydroxide (25ml).
- the resulting solution was concentrated to a small volume (1ml) and freeze dried to afford the title compound as a white solid (68mg, 52%).
- the resin was eluted with methanol (25ml) to remove all non-basic side products.
- the desired compound was then eluted using a solution of 7:1 methanol/ammonium hydroxide (25ml).
- the resulting solution was concentrated to a small volume (1ml) and freeze dried to afford the title compound as a white solid (98mg, 78%).
- the crude reaction mixture was purified using a plug of acidic Dowex 50X4-200 resin (1.5g), which had been pre-washed with 10% aqueous hydrochloric acid, followed by water then methanol.
- the resin was eluted with methanol (25ml) to remove all non-basic side products.
- the desired compound was then eluted using a solution of 2:2:1 methanol/water/ammonium hydroxide (50ml).
- the solution was concentrated to a small volume ( ⁇ 1ml) and freeze dried.
- the resulting residue was crystallised from methanol/ethyl acetate to give the title product (80mg, 78%).
- the crude reaction mixture was purified using a plug of acidic Dowex 50X4-200 resin (3.5g), which had been pre-washed with 10% aqueous hydrochloric acid, followed by water, then methanol.
- the resin was eluted with methanol (50ml) to remove all non-basic side products.
- the desired compound was eluted using a solution of 2:2:1 methanol/water/ammonium hydroxide (75ml).
- the resin was eluted with methanol (25ml) to remove all non-basic side products.
- the desired compound was then eluted using a solution of 7:1 methanol/ammonium hydroxide (25ml).
- the resulting solution was concentrated to a small volume (1ml) and freeze dried to afford the title compound as a white solid (125mg, 92%).
- the resin was eluted with methanol (25ml) to remove all non-basic side products.
- the desired compound was then eluted using a solution of 2:2:1 methanol/water/ammonium hydroxide (100ml).
- the resulting solution was concentrated to a small volume (1ml) and freeze dried to afford the title compound as a white solid, 10mg, (8%).
- the crude reaction mixture was passed through a plug of strongly acidic Dowex 50X4-200 resin (1.5g) (which had been pre-washed with 10% aqueous hydrochloric acid, followed by water then methanol).
- the resin was eluted with methanol (25ml) to remove all non basic side products.
- the desired compound was then eluted using a solution of 2:2:1 methanol/water/ammonium hydroxide (50ml).
- the crude reaction mixture was purified using a plug of acidic Dowex 50X4-200 resin (2g) (which had been pre-washed with methanol (10ml)).
- the resin was eluted with methanol (25ml) to remove all non-basic side products.
- the desired compound was then eluted using a solution of 7:1 methanol/ammonium hydroxide (25ml).
- the resulting solution was concentrated to a small volume (1ml) and freeze dried.
- the freeze dried solid was further purified using silica chromatography (gradient elution 10 to 30% methanol/dichloromethane and 1% ammonia) to afford the title compound as a white solid (121mg, 48%).
- the crude reaction mixture was passed through a plug of strongly acidic Dowex 50X4-200 resin (4.0g) (which had been pre-washed with 10% aqueous hydrochloric acid, followed by water then methanol).
- the resin was eluted with methanol (35ml) to remove all non basic side products.
- the desired compound was then eluted using a solution of 2:2:1 methanol/dichloromethane/ammonium hydroxide (100ml).
- the resulting solution was evaporated to dryness to afford a white solid, which was purified by column chromatography (silica, gradient elution from dichloromethane to 79:20:1 dichloromethane/methanol/ammonium hydroxide). (130mg, 47%).
- the crude reaction mixture was passed through a plug of strongly acidic Dowex 50X4-200 resin (1.5g) (which had been pre-washed with 10% aqueous hydrochloric acid, followed by water then methanol).
- the resin was eluted with methanol (25ml) to remove all non basic side products.
- the desired compound was then eluted using a solution of 2:2:1 methanol/water/ammonium hydroxide (50ml).
- the resulting solution was concentrated to a small volume (1ml) and freeze dried to afford a white solid, which was purified by column chromatography (silica, gradient elution from dichloromethane to 79:20:1 dichloromethane/methanol/ammonium hydroxide.
- the resin was eluted with methanol (25ml) to remove all non-basic side products.
- the desired compound was then eluted using a solution of 7:1 methanol/ammonium hydroxide (25ml).
- the resulting solution was concentrated to a small volume (1ml) and freeze dried.
- the freeze dried solid was further purified using silica chromatography (gradient elution 10 to 30% methanol/dichloromethane and 1% ammonia) to afford the title compound as a white solid (109mg, 48.5%).
- the crude reaction mixture was passed through a plug of strongly acidic Dowex 50X4-200 resin (1.5g) (which had been pre-washed with 10% aqueous hydrochloric acid, followed by water then methanol).
- the resin was washed with methanol (25ml) to remove all non basic side products.
- the desired compound was then eluted using a solution of 2:2:1 methanol/water/ammonium hydroxide (50ml).
- the crude reaction mixture was passed through a plug of strongly acidic Dowex 50X4-200 resin (4.0g) (which had been pre-washed with 10% aqueous hydrochloric acid, followed by water then methanol).
- the resin was eluted with methanol (35ml) to remove all non basic side products.
- the desired compound was then eluted using a solution of 2:2:1 methanol/dichloromethane/ammonium hydroxide (100ml).
- the resulting solution was evaporated to dryness, suspended in water and freeze dried to afford a white solid (231mg, 95%).
- the crude reaction mixture was passed through a plug of strongly acidic Dowex 50X4-200 resin (4.0g) (which had been pre-washed with 10% aqueous hydrochloric acid, followed by water then methanol).
- the resin was eluted with methanol (35ml) to remove all non basic side products.
- the desired compound was then eluted using a solution of 2:2:1 methanol/dichloromethane/ammonium hydroxide (100ml). The resulting solution was evaporated to dryness to afford a white solid (236mg, 97%).
- the crude reaction mixture was passed through a plug of strongly acidic Dowex 50X4-200 resin (4.0g) (which had been pre-washed with 10% aqueous hydrochloric acid, followed by water then methanol).
- the resin was eluted with methanol (40ml) to remove all non basic side products.
- the desired compound was then eluted using a solution of 2:2:1 methanol/dichloromethane/ammonium hydroxide (100ml).
- the compounds of the invention may be tested for their biological activity in the following assays:
- the assay for inhibition of GCS was performed essentially as described in Platt et al., J.Biol.Chem., (1994), 269, 27108 , the enzyme source being human recombinant GCS expressed in insect cells.
- the assay for inhibition of non-lysosomal- ⁇ -glucocerebrosidase was essentially carried out as described in Overkleeft, H. S. et al., J. Biol. Chem., (1998) 273, 26522-26527 with the following differences: whole cell extracts of MCF7 (a human breast carcinoma cell line) was used as the source of the enzyme instead of splenic membrane suspensions; 5mM instead of 3Mm, 4-MU ⁇ -glucoside was used as substrate and 0.2M citrate/phosphate (pH 5.8) was used instead of McIlvaine buffer.
- Table I shows IC 50 data for compounds of the invention against human GCS and non-lysosomal- ⁇ -glucocerebrosidase enzymes.
- Table I Compound Inhibition of GCS (IC 50 , ⁇ M) Inhibition of non-lysosomal- ⁇ -glucocerebrosidase (IC 50 , ⁇ M)
- Example 1 2.70 0.110
- Example 3 1.80 0.750
- Example 6 0.67 0.069
- Example 7 0.28 0.084
- Example 8 0.49 0.042
- Example 10 0.32 0.005
- Example 11 0.21 0.003
- Example 13 0.29 0.002
- Example 14 1.40 0.019
- Example 18 0.55 0.120
- Example 19 0.41 0.004
- Example 20 2.50 0.055
- Example 22 0.91 0.910
- MCF-7 Human mammary epithelial cells (MCF-7) were cultured for 5-7 days, with varying concentrations of a compound of the invention to be tested (0; 0.01; 0.05; 0.25; 1.25 and 6.25 ⁇ M). The cells were harvested and the total cellular lipids extracted. Neutral glycolipids were separated by partitioning in a DIPE/1-butanol/saline suspension, according to methods well known to those skilled in the art.
- HPTLC High-Performance Thin Layer Chromatography
- chloroform methanol: 0.2% CaCl 2 ; 65:35:8
- Scion Image software was then used to quantify GlcCer in the samples relative to a GlcCer standard. This enabled a cell-based IC 50 to be calculated for compounds of the invention for GCS inhibition, as shown in the Table II.
- Table II shows cell-based IC 50 data for compounds of the invention against human GCS.
- Table II Compound Inhibition of GCS Cellular-based (IC 50 ⁇ M) Example 11 ⁇ 0.010
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Description
- The present invention relates to novel piperidine derivatives useful as inhibitors of glucosylceramide synthase (GCS; UDP-glucose:ceramide glucosyltransferase, UDP-glucose:N-acylsphingosine D-glucosyltransferase, EC 2.4.1.80), methods for their preparation and their use in medicine, specifically in the treatment and prevention of disease states mediated by GCS. The compounds find use in the treatment of glycolipid storage diseases, diseases associated with glycolipid accumulation, cancers in which glycolipid synthesis is abnormal, infectious diseases caused by organisms which use cell surface glycolipids as receptors, infectious diseases in which synthesis of glucosylceramide is essential or important, diseases in which excessive glycolipid synthesis occurs, neuronal disorders, neuronal injury and inflammatory diseases or disorders associated with macrophage recruitment and activation.
- GCS is an intracellular enzyme that catalyzes the assembly of uridine diphosphate-glucose and ceramide into the glycolipid, glucosylceramide. The role of GCS in regulating ceramide levels has been explored, since this molecule can induce apoptotic cell death (J. Biol. Chem., 2000, 275(10), 7138-43). The role of GCS in maintaining cholesterol/glycolipid 'rafts', cell-surface membrane domains of specialized permeability and functionality that appear to be involved in a variety of signal transduction events, has also been investigated (Nature, 1997, 387(6633), 569-72).
- GCS is considered to be a target for treating certain human diseases. Glucosylceramide and structurally related glycolipids are stored in the lysosomes of patients with genetic diseases, which result from a mutation in one of the essential glycolipid-degrading enzymes (e.g. Gaucher, Tay Sachs, Sandhoffs, GM1 gangliosidosis and Fabry diseases). Glycolipid storage also occurs as a secondary effect in some tissues (e.g. neuronal tissue) with genetic storage diseases such as Niemann-Pick C disease, mucopolysaccharidoses, mucolipidosis type IV (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 1998, May 26, 95(11), 6373-8) and α-mannosidosis (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 1991, Dec 15, 88(24), 11330-4). GCS inhibitors may be applied to reduce the rate of glycolipid synthesis in diseased cells so that there is less glycolipid present to be stored, a treatment approach termed substrate deprivation. Studies have demonstrated that GCS inhibitors can be used to reduce the glycolipid accumulation seen in cell and animal models of glycolipid storage disorders (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 1999, 96(11), 6388-93; Science, 1997, 276(5311), 428-31; J. Clin. Invest., 2000, 105(11), 1563-71). Furthermore, clinical trials have shown that GCS inhibitors, such as, N-butyldeoxynojirimycin (NB-DNJ) are useful in treating human patients with Gaucher disease (Lancet, 2000, 355(9214), 1481-5). The use of the imino sugar NB-DNJ as a GCS inhibitor is disclosed in
EP-A-0698012 .EP-A-0536402 andEP-A-0698012 disclose that N-alkyl derivatives of deoxygalactonojirimycin, e.g. N-butyldeoxygalactonojirimycin (NB-DGJ), may also be of use in the treatment of glycolipid storage disorders.EP-A-0698012 also discloses that the corresponding N-butyl derivatives of mannose (NB-DMJ), fucose (NB-DFJ) and N-acetylglucosamine (NB-NAG) do not act as inhibitors of glycolipid biosynthesis. - The use of GCS inhibitors in the treatment of human malignancies has also been proposed. Tumours can synthesize abnormal quantities of glycolipids that are typically present/ absent in normal tissues. In addition glycolipids, or gangliosides, in particular are shed by tumour cells and released into the extracellular space and the bloodstream. Both tumour shed and cell surface bound tumour gangliosides can influence tumour host cell interactions such as cell-cell contacts or adhesion (Methods Enzymol., 2000,312,447-58), cell motility (Mol. Chem. Neuropathol., 1995, 24(2-3), 121-35), growth factor signalling events (J. Biol. Chem., 2000, 275(44), 34213-23), tumour stimulated angiogenesis (Acta. Oncol., 1997, 36(4), 383-7) and tumour specific immune responses (J. Immunol., 1999, Oct 1, 163(7), 3718-26). All these events can affect tumour development and progression. Glycolipids, glucosylceramide in particular, are known to accumulate in multidrug resistant (MDR) tumour cells (Anticancer Res., 1998, 18(1B), 475-80) and in vitro treatment of these cells with GCS inhibitors can reverse the MDR phenotype (J. Biol. Chem., 1997, 272(3), 1682-7; Br. J. Cancer, 1999, 81(3), 423-30).
- Cell surface glycolipids also have roles in infectious disease, serving as receptors for the binding of pathogenic bacteria (APMIS, 1990, Dec, 98(12), 1053-60, Review), fungi (Infect. Immun., 1990 Jul, 58(7), 2085-90) and viruses (FEBS Lett., 1984, May 7, 170(1), 15-18). In addition, glycolipids on the surface of cells are bound by bacterial toxins (Methods Enzymol., 2000, 312, 459-73) for instance, the B subunit of cholera toxin (ganglioside GM1) and verocytotoxin (globotriaosylceramide GB3) (J. Infect. Dis., 2001, suppl. 70-73, 183).
- GCS inhibitors may also find use in the treatment of viral infections.
- The use of GCS inhibitors may also be appropriate in a number of other clinical indications which are associated with abnormalities in glycolipid synthesis. Atherosclerotic lesions of human aorta have a higher ganglioside content than unaffected regions of the aorta and serum ganglioside concentrations in atherosclerotic patients are higher than in normal individuals (Lipids, 1994, 29(1), 1-5). Tissue derived from the kidneys of patients with polycystic kidney disease contains high levels of both glucosylceramide and lactosylceramide (J. Lipid. Res., 1996, Jun, 37(6), 1334-44). Renal hypertrophy in an animal model of diabetes is associated with increases in glycolipid synthesis, (J. Clin. Invest., 1993, Mar, 91(3), 797-803).
- Glycolipid metabolism also plays a critical role in neuronal disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease and epilepsy. For instance, Niemann-Pick C (NPC) patient neurons present with fibrillar tangles reminiscent of the morphology seen in Alzheimer's disease.
- GM1 ganglioside binding by amyloid beta-protein induces conformational changes that support its formation of fibrous polymers, and the fibrillar deposition of this protein is an early event in Alzheimer's disease (Yanagisawa et al., 1995, Nat. Med. 1, 1062-6; Choo-Smith et al., 1997, Biol. Chem., 272,22987-90). Thus, decreasing GM1 synthesis by using agents such as GCS inhibitors, e.g. NB-DNJ, could inhibit the fibre formation seen in Alzheimer's disease.
- In contrast, preliminary clinical trials have shown that neurodegenerative processes seen in Parkinson's disease, stroke and spinal cord injuries seem to improve by treating patients with GM1 ganglioside (Alter, (1998), Ann. NY Acad. Sci., 845, 391-4011; Schneider, 1998, Ann. NY. Acad. Sci., 845, 363-73; Geisler, (1998), Ann. NY. Acad. Sci., 845, 374-81). It is possible that co-administering glucosylceramide synthesis inhibitors would provide the clinician greater control over this treatment course. GCS inhibitors like NB-DNJ would limit patient-specific inconsistencies by blocking their neuronal glycolipid synthesis. In addition, inhibiting glucosylceramide synthesis would limit the metabolism of administered glycolipids into other, perhaps unproductive, forms. Thus, the ability to modulate glucosylceramide synthesis with GCS inhibitors may be useful in the treatment of a wide variety of neuronal disorders.
- In addition, it has also been shown that imino sugars can reversibly induce male sterility and can, therefore, be used as male contraceptives. Also, GCS inhibitors could be used for the treatment of obesity.
- A role for glycolipids in some aspects of inflammatory or immune responses has also been suggested. Following an inflammatory stimulus, such as that obtained with thioglycolate, the ganglioside profile of murine peritoneal macrophages changes from a simple profile (3 major species) in resting macrophage to a more complex profile (more than 14 species) in activated and recruited macrophage, see Ryan, J.L. et al., Yale J. Biol. Med., 1985, 58(2) 125-31; Yohe, H.C. et al., Biochim. Biophys. Acta., 1985, 818(1), 81-6; Yohe, H.C. et al., Immunol., 1991, 146(6), 1900-8. Furthermore, in vivo administration of an inflammatory agent, e.g. bacterial endotoxin, results in the increased expression of two enzymes, serine palmitoyltransferase and glucosylceramide synthase, which are key to the de novo synthesis of glycolipids, see Memon, R.A. et al., J. Biol. Chem., 1999, 274(28), 19707-13; Memon, R.A. et al., J. Lipid. Res., 2001, 42(3), 452-9.
- Such a role for glycolipids is further supported by the demonstration of changes in glycolipid expression in animals with genetic defects which result in hyper- or hypo- sensitive responses to inflammatory stimuli. For example, upon endotoxin treatment in C3H/HeJ mice, which have a toll-like receptor 4 mutation and are hypo-responsive to bacterial endotoxin, recruited macrophages were found to lack ganglioside GM1b, which is a major ganglioside found in recruited macrophages in normal mice, see Yohe, H.C. et al., Immunol., 1991, 146(6), 1900-8; Yohe, H.C. et al., Immunol., 1986, 137(12), 3921-7.
- Hence, GCS inhibitors may be useful in the treatment of inflammatory diseases and other disorders associated with macrophage recruitment and activation, including but not limited to, rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn's disease, asthma and sepsis.
-
WO02/055498 - Le Merrer Y. et al., J. Bioorg & Med. Chem, 1997, 583), 519-533 disclose oza sugars which are i.a. potentially useful in the treatment of cancer.
- Given the importance of GCS in a wide spectrum of diseases, it is essential that new tools that provide a means for modulating this enzyme's function be developed. Towards this end, we have identified a class of novel compounds that are useful in inhibiting GCS's catalytic activity.
- The compounds of the invention may exhibit improved potency and/or selectivity for GCS, relative to non-lysosomal-β-glucocerebrosidase activity, over known hydroxylated piperidine derivatives.
-
- R is C1-3 alkylAr1 where Ar1 is phenyl or pyridyl;
- wherein phenyl is substituted by one or more substituents selected from CN, CON(R1)2, SOnR2, SO2N(R1)2, N(R5)2, N(R1)COR2, N(R1)SOnR2, C0-6alkylAr2, C2-6 alkenylAr2 and C3-6 alkynylAr2 wherein one or more of the -CH2- groups of the alkyl chain may be replaced with a heteroatom selected from O, S and NR3, provided that when the heteroatom is O, at least two -CH2- groups separate it from any additional O atom in the alkyl chain; or two adjacent substituents on the Ar1 phenyl may together form a fused 5- or 6-membered saturated or unsaturated ring wherein the ring optionally contains 1 or 2 heteroatoms selected from O, S and NR4 and is optionally substituted by one or more substituents selected from, an oxo group, C1-6 alkyl and C0-3 alkylAr4;
- and the Ar1 phenyl is optionally substituted by one or more additional substituents selected from F, Cl, Br, CF3, OCF3, OR3 and C1-6 alkyl;
- and wherein pyridyl is substituted by one or more substituents, selected from, CN, CON(R1)2, SOnR2, SO2N(R1)2, N(R5)2, N(R1)COR2, N(R1)SOnR2, F, Cl, Br, CF3, OCF3, OR3, C1-6 alkyl, C0-6alkylAr2 C2-6 alkenylAr2 and C3-6 alkynylAr2 wherein one of the -CH2- groups of the alkyl chain may be replaced with a heteroatom selected from O, S and NR3, provided that when the heteroatom is O, at least two-CH2- groups separate it from any additional O atom in the alkyl chain; or two adjacent substituents on the Ar1 pyridyl may together form a fused 5- or 6-membered saturated or unsaturated ring wherein the ring optionally contains 1 or 2 heteroatoms selected from O, S and NR4 and is optionally substituted by one or more substituents selected from, an oxo group, C1-6 alkyl and C0-3 alkylAr4;
- R1 is H, C1-6alkyl optionally substituted by OH, Ar3, or C1-6 alkylAr3, or the group N(R1)2 may form a 5- to 10-membered heterocyclic group optionally containing one or more additional heteroatoms selected from O, S and NR3 and is optionally substituted by an oxo group;
- R2 is C1-6alkyl optionally substituted by OH, Ar3, or C1-6 alkylAr3;
- R3 is H, or C1-6alkyl;
- R4 is H, C1-6 alkyl or C0-3 alkylAr4;
- R5 is H, C1-6 alkyl optionally substituted by OH, Ar3 or C1-6 alkylAr3, or the group N(R5)2 may form a 5- to 10-membered heterocyclic group optionally containing one or more additional heteroatoms selected from O, S and NR3 and is optionally substituted by an oxo group;
- Ar2 and Ar3 are independently phenyl or a 5- to 10-membered heteroaryl group containing up to 3 heteroatoms selected from O, S and NR3, which may be optionally substituted by one or more substituents selected from F, Cl, Br, CN, CF3, OCF3, OR3 and C1-6 alkyl;
- Ar4 is phenyl or pyridyl either of which may be optionally substituted by one or more substituents selected from F, Cl, Br, CN, CF3, OCF3, OR3 and C1-6 alkyl; and
- n = 0, 1 or 2.
- R is preferably C1 alkylAr1.
- Ar1 is preferably phenyl, wherein phenyl is substituted as defined for formula (I).
- Ar1 phenyl is preferably substituted on the para position.
- More preferably Ar1 is phenyl, wherein phenyl is substituted by one or more substituents selected from CN, CON(R1)2, SO2N(R1)2, N(R5)2, N(R1)COR2, C0-6 alkylAr2 and C2-6 alkenylAr2 wherein one or more of the -CH2- groups of the alkyl chain may be replaced with a heteroatom selected from O, S and NR3, provided that when the heteroatom is O, at least two -CH2- groups separate it from any additional O atom in the alkyl chain; or two adjacent substituents on the Ar1 phenyl may together form a fused 5- or 6-membered saturated or unsaturated ring wherein the ring optionally contains 1 or 2 heteroatoms selected from O and NR4 and is optionally substituted by one or more substituents selected from, an oxo group, C1-6 alkyl and C0-3 alkylAr4, and the Ar1 phenyl is optionally substituted by one or more additional substituents selected from F, Cl, Br, CF3, OCF3, OR3 and C1-6 alkyl.
- Yet more preferably Ar1 is phenyl, wherein phenyl is substituted by one or more substituents selected from CN, CON(R1)2, N(R5)2, and C0-6 alkylAr2 wherein one or more of the -CH2- groups of the alkyl chain may be replaced with a heteroatom selected from O, S and NR3, provided that when the heteroatom is O, at least two -CH2- groups separate it from any additional O atom in the alkyl chain; or two adjacent substituents on the Ar1 phenyl may together form a fused 5- or 6-membered saturated or unsaturated ring wherein the ring optionally contains 1 or 2 heteroatoms selected from O and NR4 and is optionally substituted by one or more substituents selected from, an oxo group, C1-6 alkyl and C0-3 alkylAr4, and the Ar1 phenyl is optionally substituted by one or more additional substituents selected from F, Cl, Br, CF3, OCF3, OR3 and C1-6 alkyl.
- Even more preferably Ar1 is phenyl, wherein phenyl is substituted by one or more substituents selected from CN, CON(R1)2, N(R5)2, and C0-6 alkylAr2 wherein one or more of the -CH2- groups of the alkyl chain may be replaced with O, provided that at least two -CH2- groups separate it from any additional O atom introduced into the alkyl chain, and the Ar1 phenyl is optionally substituted by one or more additional substituents selected from F, Cl, Br, CF3, OCF3, OR3 and C1-6 alkyl.
- When Ar1 is phenyl and has an additional optional substitutent as defined for formula (I) on the ortho position, the substituent is preferably selected from OCH3 and F. More preferably the ortho substituent is F.
- When Ar1 is phenyl substituted by C2 alkylAr2 wherein one of the -CH2- groups of the alkyl chain is replaced with O, preferably, the -CH2- group linked to the Ar1 phenyl is replaced with O.
- R1 is preferably H, C1-6 alkyl or C1-6 alkylAr3. More preferably R1 is H or C1-6 alkylAr3.
- R2 is preferably Ar3 or C1-6 alkylAr3. More preferably R2 is C1-6 alkylAr3.
- R3 is preferably H.
- R4 is preferably H or C1-6 alkyl. More preferably R4 is H.
- R5 is preferably C1-6 alkyl optionally substituted by OH, or C1-6 alkylAr3. More preferably R5 is C1-6 alkyl.
- For the groups R1, R2 or R5, the group C1-6 alkylAr3 is preferably C1-3 alkylAr3, for example, C1 alkylAr3 or C2 alkylAr3.
- Ar2 is preferably phenyl which may be optionally substituted by one or more substituents selected from F, Cl, Br, CN, CF3, OCF3, OR3 and C1-6 alkyl.
- Ar3 is preferably phenyl which may be optionally substituted by one or more substituents selected from F, Cl, Br, CN, CF3, OCF3, OR3 and C1-6 alkyl.
- Ar4 is preferably phenyl which may be optionally substituted by one or more substituents selected from F, Cl, Br, CN, CF3, OCF3, OR3 and C1-6 alkyl.
- n is preferably 2.
- In the groups CON(R1)2, SO2N(R1)2, and N(R5)2 the R1 and R5 groups may be the same or different.
- When two adjacent substituents on the Ar1 form a fused 5- or 6-membered saturated or unsaturated ring optionally containing 1 or 2 heteroatoms selected from O, S and NR4, examples of bicyclic groups which may be formed include benzofuran, indole, benzoxazine, quinoline and isoquinoline.
- When N(R1)2 forms a 5- to 10-membered heterocyclic group optionally containing one or more additional heteroatoms selected from O and NR3, examples of heterocyclic groups include piperidine, piperizine, morpholine and quinoline.
- When N(R5)2 forms a 5- to 10-membered heterocyclic group, preferably a 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic group, optionally containing one or more additional heteroatoms selected from O, S and NR3, examples of heterocyclic groups include, piperidine, piperizine and morpholine.
- When Ar2 or Ar3 is a 5- to 10-membered heteroaryl group, examples of heteroaryl groups include furan, thiophene, oxazole, triazole, pyridine, pyrazine, pyrimidine, benzofuran benzothiophene and benzoxazine.
- A specific group of compounds of formula (I) which may be mentioned are those where R is C1-3 alkylaryl where aryl is phenyl or pyridyl;
wherein phenyl is substituted by one or more substituents selected from CN, CON(R1)2, SO2R2 , N(R2)2, and N(R1)COR2, or two adjacent substituents on the phenyl may together form a fused 5- or 6-membered saturated or unsaturated ring optionally containing 1 or 2 heteroatoms, selected from N and O, and the phenyl is optionally substituted by one or more additional substituents selected from F, Cl, Br, CF3, OCF3, and OR1;
and wherein pyridyl is substituted by one or more substituents, selected from, CN, CON(R1)2, SO2R2 , N(R2)2, N(R1)COR2, F, Cl, Br, CF3, OCF3, and OR1 or two adjacent substituents on the pyridyl may together form a fused 5- or 6-membered saturated or unsaturated ring which may optionally contain 1 or 2 heteroatoms, selected from N and O;
R1 is H, or C1-6 alkyl; and
R2 is C1-6 alkyl. - Another specific group of compounds of formula (I) that may be mentioned are those where R is C1-3 alkylAr1 where Ar1 is phenyl or pyridyl;
wherein phenyl is substituted by one or more substituents selected from CN, CON(R1)2, SO2R2, N(R2)2, N(R1)COR2, and C1-3 alkylAr2 wherein one of the -CH2- groups of the alkyl chain may be replaced with O and where Ar2 is phenyl or a 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl group containing up to 3 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S; or two adjacent substituents on the Ar1 phenyl may together form a fused 5- or 6-membered saturated or unsaturated ring optionally containing 1 or 2 heteroatoms selected from N and O;
and wherein pyridyl is substituted by one or more substituents, selected from, CN, CON(R1)2, SO2R2, N(R2)2, N(R1)COR2, F, Cl, Br, CF3, OCF3, OR3, and C1-3 alkylAr2 wherein one of the -CH2-groups of the alkyl chain may be replaced with O and where Ar2 is phenyl or a 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl group containing up to 3 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S; or two adjacent substituents on the pyridyl may together form a fused 5- or 6-membered saturated or unsaturated ring optionally containing 1 or 2 heteroatoms selected from N and O;
and the Ar1 or Ar2 phenyl is optionally substituted by one or more additional substituents selected from F, Cl, Br, CF3, OCF3, and OR3;
R1 is H, C1-6 alkyl, Ar3, or C1-6 alkylAr3 where Ar3 is phenyl or a 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl group containing up to 3 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S, any of which may be substituted by one or more substituents selected from F, Cl, Br, CF3, OCF3, and OR3;
R2 is C1-6alkyl, Ar3, or C1-6alkylAr3 where Ar3 is phenyl or a 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl group containing up to 3 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S, any of which may be substituted by one or more substituents selected from F, Cl, Br, CF3, OCF3, and OR3; and
R3 is H, or C1-6 alkyl.
Yet another specific group of compounds of formula (I) which may be mentioned are those where
R is C1-3 alkylAr1 where Ar1 is phenyl or pyridyl;
wherein phenyl is substituted by one or more substituents selected from CN, CON(R1)2, SOnR2, SO2N(R1)2, N(R2)2, N(R1)COR2, N(R1)SOnR2, C0-6alkylAr2, C2-6 alkenylAr2 and C3-6alkynylAr2 wherein one or more of the -CH2- groups of the alkyl chain may be replaced with a heteroatom selected from O, S and NR3, provided that when the heteroatom is O, at least two -CH2- groups separate it from any additional O atom in the alkyl chain; or two adjacent substituents on the Ar1 phenyl may together form a fused 5- or 6-membered saturated or unsaturated ring wherein the ring optionally contains 1 or 2 heteroatoms selected from O and NR4 and is optionally substituted by one or more substituents selected from, an oxo group, C1-6 alkyl and C0-3 alkylAr4;
and the Ar1 phenyl is optionally substituted by one or more additional substituents selected from F, Cl, Br, CF3, OCF3, OR3 and C1-6 alkyl;
and wherein pyridyl is substituted by one or more substituents, selected from, CN, CON(R1)2, SOnR2, SO2N(R1)2, N(R2)2, N(R1)COR2, N(R1)SOnR2, F, Cl, Br, CF3, OCF3, OR3, C1-6 alkyl, C0-6 alkylAr2, C2-6 alkenylAr2 and C3-6 alkynylAr2 wherein one of the -CH2- groups of the alkyl chain may be replaced with a heteroatom selected from O, S and NR3, provided that when the heteroatom is O, at least two-CH2- groups separate it from any additional O atom in the alkyl chain; or two adjacent substituents on the Ar1 pyridyl may together form a fused 5- or 6-membered saturated or unsaturated ring wherein the ring optionally contains 1 or 2 heteroatoms selected from O and NR4 and is optionally substituted by one or more substituents selected from, an oxo group, C1-6 alkyl and C0-3 alkylAr4;
R1 is H, C1-6alkyl, Ar3, or C1-6 alkylAr3, or the group N(R1)2 may form a 5- to 10-membered heterocyclic group optionally containing one or more additional heteroatoms selected from O and NR3;
R2 is C1-6alkyl, Ar3, or C1-6 alkylAr3, or the group N(R2)2 may form a 5- to 6-membered heterocylic group optionally containing one or more additional heteroatoms selected from O and NR3 and is optionally substituted by an oxo group;
R3 is H, or C1-6 alkyl;
R4 is H, C1-6 alkyl or C0-3 alkylAr4;
Ar2 is phenyl or a 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl group containing up to 3 heteroatoms selected from O, S and NR3, any of which may be optionally substituted by one or more substituents selected from, Cl, Br, CN, CF3, OCF3, OR3 and C1-6alkyl;
Ar3 is phenyl or a 5- to 10-membered heteroaryl group containing up to 3 heteroatoms selected from O, S and NR3, any of which may be optionally substituted by one or more substituents selected from F, Cl, Br, CN, CF3, OCF3, OR3 and C1-6alkyl;
Ar4 is phenyl or pyridyl either of which may be optionally substituted by one or more substituents selected from F, Cl, Br, CN, CF3, OCF3, OR3 and C1-6 alkyl; and
n=0, 1 or 2. - The compounds of the invention preferably have a molecular weight of less than 800, more preferably less than 600.
- The term "alkyl" as used herein whether on its own or as part of a larger group e.g. "alkylaryl", includes both straight and branched chain radicals. The term alkyl also includes those radicals wherein one or more hydrogen atoms are replaced by fluorine. Alkenyl and alkynyl are to be interpreted accordingly.
- The term "heterocyclic group" as used herein includes, unless otherwise defined, non-aromatic and aromatic, single and fused, rings containing one ore more, e.g. up to three, heteroatoms in each ring, each of which is selected from O, S and N, which rings, may be unsubstituted or substituted. Each heterocyclic ring suitably has from 5 to 10, preferably 5, 6, 9 or 10 ring atoms. A fused heterocyclic ring system may include carbocyclic rings and need include only one heterocyclic ring. Examples of heterocyclyl groups, including heteroaromatic ring systems, are as follows: pyrrolidine, piperidine, piperazine, morpholine, imidazolidine, pyrazolidine, pyrrole, quinoline, isoquinoline, pyridine, pyrazine, pyrimidine, oxazole, thiazole, thiophene, indole, furan, thiadiazole, triazole, imidazole, benzopyran, benzofuran, benzothiophene, benzoxazine and benzamidazole. "Heteroaryl" is to be interpreted accordingly.
- Specific compounds of the invention include the compounds provided in the Examples and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
- Preferred compounds of the invention include:
- Benzamide, N-[1-phenylethyl]-4-[[(2S,3R,4R,5S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1-piperidinyl]methyl]-;
- 3,4,5-Piperidinetriol, 2-(hydroxymethyl)-1-[[3-chloro-4-(phenylmethoxy)phenyl]methyl]-, (2S,3R,4R,5S);
- 3,4,5-Piperidinetriol, 2-(hydroxymethyl)-1-[(4-phenoxyphenyl)methyl]-, (2S,3R,4R,5S);
- 3,4,5-Piperidinetriol, 1-[(3-cyano-4-dimethylamino-2-fluorophenyl)methyl]-2-(hydroxymethyl)-, (2S,3R,4R,5S);
- Benzamide, N-[(4-fluorophenyl)methyl]4-[[(2S,3R,4R,5S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1-piperidinyl]methyl]-;
- Benzamide, N-[1-(R)-(4-fluorophenyl)ethyl]-4-[[(2S,3R,4R,5S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1-piperidinyl]methyl]-;
- 3,4,5-Piperidinetriol, 2-(hydroxymethyl)-1-[[4-(phenylmethoxy)phenyl]methyl]-, (2S,3R,4R,5S);
- 3,4,5-Piperidinetriol, 2-(hydroxymethyl)-1-[(3-cyano-4-(diethylamino)-2-fluorophenyl)methyl]-, (2S,3R,4R,5S);
- 3,4,5-Piperidinetriol, 2-(hydroxymethyl)-1-[(2-phenyl-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one-6-yl)methyl]-, (2S,3R,4R,5S)
- Benzamide, N-[phenylmethyl]-4-[[(2S,3R,4R,5S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1-piperidinyl]methyl]-;
- 3,4,5-Piperidinetriol, 1-[[3-cyano-4-[N-butyl-4-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]phenyl]methyl]-2-(hydroxymethyl)-, (2S,3R,4R,5S);
- Phenylacetamide, N-[4-[[(2S,3R,4R,5S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1-piperidinyl] methyl]phenyl]-;
- [2-(S)-Phenyl]propionamide, N-[4-[[(2S,3R,4R,5S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1-piperidinyl]methyl]phenyl]-;
- 3,4,5-Piperidinetriol, 2-(hydroxymethyl)-1-[[2-propyl-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one-6-yl]methyl]-, (2S,3R,4R,5S);
- [2-(R)-phenyl]propionamide, N-[4-[((2S,3R,4R,5S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1-piperidinyl]methyl]phenyl]-; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and prodrugs thereof.
- Highly preferred compounds of the invention include,
3,4,5-Piperidinetriol, 2-(hydroxymethyl)-1-[[4-(phenylmethoxy)phenyl]methyl]-, (2S,3R,4R,5S);
3,4,5-Piperidinetriol, 2-(hydroxymethyl)-1-[[2-propyl-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one-6-yl]methyl]-, (2S,3R,4R,5S); and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. - As described herein, for all aspects of the invention, reference to compounds of formula (I) encompasses pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
- As described herein, the compounds of the present invention can be used for the inhibition of GCS. Thus, an aspect of the present invention provides the use of the compounds of formula (I) in medicine.
- Suitable, pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compounds of formula (I) include, but are not limited to, salts with inorganic acids such as hydrochloride, sulfate, phosphate, diphosphate, hydrobromide and nitrate, or salts with an organic acid such as malate, maleate, fumarate, tartrate, succinate, citrate, acetate, lactate, methanesulfonate, p-toluenesulfonate, palmitate, salicylate and stearate.
- Some of the compounds of this invention may be crystallised or recrystallised from solvents such as aqueous and organic solvents. In such cases solvates may be formed. This invention includes within its scope stoichiometric solvates including hydrates as well as compounds containing variable amounts of water that may be produced by processes such as lyophilisation.
- Certain of the R groups of compounds of formula (I) may exist in the form of optical isomers, e.g. diastereoisomers and mixtures of isomers in all ratios, e.g. racemic mixtures. The invention includes all such forms, in particular the pure isomeric forms. The different isomeric forms may be separated or resolved one from the other by conventional methods, or any given isomer may be obtained by conventional synthetic methods or by stereospecific or asymmetric syntheses.
- The compounds of the invention may exist as tautomers, e.g. keto/enol tautomers, all of which are included within the scope of formula (I).
- Since the compounds of formula (I) are intended for use in pharmaceutical compositions it will readily be understood that they are preferably provided in substantially pure form, for example at least 60% pure, more suitably at least 75% pure and preferably at least 85%, especially at least 98% pure (% are on a weight for weight basis). Impure preparations of the compounds may be used for preparing the more pure forms used in the pharmaceutical compositions; these less pure preparations of the compounds should contain at least 1%, more suitably at least 5% and e.g. 10 to 59% of a compound of the formula (I) or pharmaceutically acceptable derivative thereof.
- The compounds of formula (I) can be prepared by art-recognized procedures from known or commercially available starting materials. If the starting materials are unavailable from a commercial source, their synthesis is described herein, or they can be prepared by procedures known in the art.
- Specifically, the compounds of formula (I) may be prepared by processes comprising:
- a) reductive amination of an aldehyde of formula R5CHO wherein R5 is C0-2 alkylAr1 where Ar1 is as defined in formula (I) with a compound of formula (II):
- b) deprotection of a compound of formula (III):
- The compound of formula (II) is known, see e.g. Carbohydr. Res., 1993, 246, 377-81.
- Compounds of formula (III) may be prepared by reacting a compound of formula (IV):
-
- Any novel intermediate compounds as described herein also fall within the scope of the present invention. Thus according to a further aspect of the invention there is provided a compound of formula (III) as defined above.
- The invention also provides a compound of formula (I) when produced according to the methods described above.
- During the synthesis of the compounds of formula (I) labile functional groups in the intermediate compounds, e.g. hydroxy, carboxy and amino groups, may be protected. A comprehensive discussion of the ways in which various labile functional groups may be protected and methods for cleaving the resulting protected derivatives is given in for example Protective Groups in Organic Chemistry, T.W. Greene and P.G.M. Wuts, (Wiley-Interscience, New York, 2nd edition, 1991).
- The compounds of formula (1) may be prepared singly or as compound libraries comprising at least 2, for example 5 to 500 compounds, and more preferably 10 to 100 compounds of formula (I). Libraries of compounds of formula (I) may be prepared by multiple parallel synthesis using either solution phase or solid phase chemistry, by procedures known to those skilled in the art.
- Thus according to a further aspect of the invention there is provided a compound library comprising at least 2 compounds of formula (I) or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
- The pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compounds of formula (I) may be prepared by methods well known to those skilled in the art.
- The pharmaceutically effective compounds of formula (I) may be administered in conventional dosage forms prepared by combining a compound of formula (I) ("active ingredient") with standard pharmaceutical carriers or diluents according to conventional procedures well known in the art. These procedures may involve mixing, granulating and compressing or dissolving the ingredients as appropriate to the desired preparation.
- According to a further aspect the present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of formula (I), together with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, excipients and/or diluents.
- The active ingredient or pharmaceutical composition can be administered simultaneously, separately or sequentially with another treatment for the disorder to be treated.
- The active ingredient or pharmaceutical composition may be administered to a subject by any of the routes conventionally used for drug administration, for example they may be adapted for oral (including buccal, sublingual), topical (including transdermal), nasal (including inhalation), rectal, vaginal or parenteral (including subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous or intradermal) administration to mammals including humans. The most suitable route for administration in any given case will depend on the particular compound or pharmaceutical composition, the subject and the nature and severity of the disease and the physical condition of the subject. Such compositions may be prepared by any method known in the art of pharmacy, for example by bringing into association the active ingredient with the carrier(s) or excipient(s).
- Pharmaceutical compositions adapted for oral administration may be presented as discrete units such as capsules or tablets; powders or granules; solutions or suspensions in aqueous or non-aqueous liquids; edible foams or whips; or oil-in-water liquid emulsions or water-in-oil liquid emulsions.
- Tablets and capsules for oral administration may be in unit dose presentation form and may contain conventional excipients such as binding agents, for example syrup, acacia, gelatin, sorbitol, tragacanth, or polyvinylpyrrolidone; fillers, for example lactose, sugar, maize-starch, calcium phosphate, sorbitol or glycine; tabletting lubricants, for example magnesium stearate, talc, polyethylene glycol or silica; disintegrants, for example potato starch; or acceptable wetting agents such as sodium lauryl sulfate. The tablets may be coated according to methods well known in normal pharmaceutical practice. Oral liquid preparations may be in the form of, for example, aqueous or oily suspensions, solutions, emulsions, syrups or elixirs, or may be presented as a dry product for reconstitution with water or other suitable vehicle before use. Such liquid preparations may contain conventional additives, such as suspending agents, for example sorbitol, methyl cellulose, glucose syrup, gelatin, hydroxyethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, aluminium stearate gel or hydrogenated edible fats, emulsifying agents, for example lecithin, sorbitan monooleate, or acacia; non-aqueous vehicles (which may include edible oils), for example almond oil, oily esters such as glycerine, propylene glycol, or ethyl alcohol; preservatives, for example methyl or propyl p-hydroxybenzoate or sorbic acid, and, if desired, conventional flavouring or colouring agents.
- Pharmaceutical compositions adapted for topical administration may be formulated as ointments, creams, suspensions, lotions, powders, solutions, pastes, gels, impregnated dressings, sprays, aerosols or oils and may contain appropriate conventional additives such as preservatives, solvents to assist drug penetration and emollients in ointments and creams. Such applications include those to the eye or other external tissues, for example the mouth and skin and the compositions are preferably applied as a topical ointment or cream. When formulated in an ointment, the active ingredient may be employed with either a paraffinic or a water-miscible ointment base. Alternatively, the active ingredient may be formulated in a cream with an oil-in-water cream base or a water-in-oil base. The composition may also contain compatible conventional carriers, such as cream or ointment bases and ethanol or oleyl alcohol for lotions.
- Pharmaceutical compositions adapted for topical administration to the eye include eye drops wherein the active ingredient is dissolved or suspended in a suitable carrier, especially an aqueous solvent.
- Pharmaceutical compositions adapted for topical administration in the mouth include lozenges, pastilles and mouth washes.
- Pharmaceutical compositions adapted for transdermal administration may be presented as discrete patches intended to remain in intimate contact with the epidermis of the recipient for a prolonged period of time. For example, the active ingredient may be delivered from the patch by iontophoresis as generally described in Pharmaceutical Research, 3(6), 318, (1986).
- Pharmaceutical compositions adapted for nasal administration wherein the carrier is a solid include a coarse powder having a particle size for example in the range 20 to 500 microns which is administered by rapid inhalation through the nasal passage from a container of the powder held close up to the nose. Suitable compositions wherein the carrier is a liquid, for administration as a nasal spray or as nasal drops, include aqueous or oil solutions of the active ingredient.
- Pharmaceutical compositions adapted for administration by inhalation include fine particle dusts or mists which may be generated by means of various types of metered dose pressurised aerosols, nebulizers or insufflators.
- Pharmaceutical compositions adapted for rectal administration may be presented as suppositories or enemas. Suppositories will contain conventional suppository bases, e.g. cocoa-butter or other glyceride.
- Pharmaceutical compositions adapted for vaginal administration may be presented as pessaries, tampons, creams, gels, pastes, foams or spray compositions.
- Pharmaceutical compositions adapted for parenteral administration include aqueous and non-aqueous sterile injection solutions which may contain anti-oxidants, buffers, bacteriostats and solutes which render the formulation isotonic with the blood of the intended recipient; and aqueous and non-aqueous sterile suspensions which may include suspending agents and thickening agents. The compositions may be presented in unit-dose or multi-dose containers, for example, sealed ampoules and vials and may be stored in a freeze-dried (lyophilized) condition requiring only the addition of the sterile liquid carrier, for example water for injections, immediately prior to use. Extemporaneous injection solutions and suspensions may be prepared from sterile powders, granules and tablets.
- For parenteral administration, fluid unit dosage forms are prepared utilizing the active ingredient and a sterile vehicle, e.g. water. The active ingredient, depending on the vehicle and concentration used, can be either suspended or dissolved in the vehicle. In preparing solutions the active ingredient can be dissolved in water for injection and filter sterilised before filling into a suitable vial or ampoule and sealing.
- Advantageously, agents such as a local anaesthetic, preservative and buffering agents can be dissolved in the vehicle. To enhance stability, the composition can be frozen after filling into the vial and the water removed under vacuum. The dry lyophilized powder is then sealed in the vial and an accompanying vial of water for injection may be supplied to reconstitute the liquid prior to use. Parenteral suspensions are prepared in substantially the same manner except that the active ingredient is suspended in the vehicle instead of being dissolved and sterilization cannot be accomplished by filtration. The active ingredient can be sterilised by exposure to ethylene oxide before suspending in the sterile vehicle. Advantageously, a surfactant or wetting agent is included in the composition to facilitate uniform distribution of the active ingredient.
- The pharmaceutical compositions according to the invention are preferably adapted for oral administration.
- It should be understood that in addition to the ingredients particularly mentioned above, the compositions may also include other agents conventional in the art having regard to the type of formulation in question, for example those suitable for oral administration may include flavouring agents. They may also contain therapeutically active agents in addition to the compounds of the present invention. Such carriers may be present as from about 1% up to about 98% of the formulation. More usually they will form up to about 80% of the formulation.
- The compositions may contain from 0.1% by weight, e.g. 10-60% by weight, of the active material, depending on the method of administration.
- Pharmaceutical compositions may be presented in unit dose forms containing a predetermined amount of active ingredient per dose. Such a unit may contain for example 0.1mg/kg to 750mg/kg, more preferably 0.1mg/kg to 10mg/kg depending on the condition being treated, the route of administration and the age, weight and condition of the patient. Preferred unit dosage compositions are those containing a daily dose or sub-dose, or an appropriate fraction thereof, of an active ingredient.
- It will be recognized by one of skill in the art that the optimal quantity and spacing of individual dosages of active ingredients will be determined by the nature and extent of the condition being treated, the form, route and site of administration and the particular subject being treated and that such optimums can be determined by conventional techniques. It will also be appreciated by one of skill in the art that the optimal course of treatment, i.e., the number of doses of the active ingredients given per day for a defined number of days, can be ascertained by those skilled in the art using conventional course of treatment determination tests.
- No toxicological effects are indicated when the compounds of formula (I) are administered in the above mentioned dosage range.
- The compounds of the invention are useful in that they are capable of inhibiting glucosylceramide synthase. Thus, the compounds of the invention can be used in the treatment of various glycolipid storage diseases such as Gaucher's disease, Sandhoffs disease, Tay-Sachs disease, Fabry disease, GM1 gangliosidosis etc. In addition, compounds such as this also can find use in the treatment of conditions in which glycolipid accumulation occurs such as Niemann-Pick disease, mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS 1, MPS IIIA, MPS IIIB, MPS VI and MPS VII), mucolipidosis type IV and α-mannosidosis.
- The compounds of the present invention can also be used in the treatment of cancers in which glycolipid synthesis is abnormal such as brain tumours, neuroblastoma, malignant melanoma, renal adenocarcinoma and multi-drug resistant cancers in general.
- The compounds of the present invention can also be used in the treatment of disease caused by infectious organisms which use cell surface glycolipid as receptors for the infectious organism or toxin produced by the infectious organism.
- The compounds of the present invention may also be used in the treatment of disease caused by infectious organisms for which the synthesis of glucosylceramide is an essential or important process, such as, pathogenic fungi, e.g. Cryptococcus neoformans or viral infections, e.g. viruses that require host cell enzymes to synthesize and properly fold their viral envelope glycoproteins, or viruses that acquire a component of their envelope from an internal host cell membrane. GCS inhibition may result in improper glycoprocessing or the misfolding of one or more viral envelope glycoproteins, inhibition of viral secretion, or improper viral fusion of the virus with its target cells. Suitable viral infections for treatment may be caused by, for example but not limited to, the following viruses: flaviviruses and pestiviruses, e.g. hepatitis C virus, yellow fever virus, dengue viruses 1-4, Japanese encephalitis virus, Murray Valley encephalitis virus, Rocio virus, West Nile fever virus, St. Louis encephalitis virus, tick-borne encephalitis virus, Louping ill virus, Powassan virus, Omsk hemorrhagic fever virus, and Kyasanur forest disease virus; hepadnavirus, e.g. hepatitis B virus; paramyxovirus, e.g. respiratory syncytial virus or retroviruses, such as, human immunodeficiency virus.
- The compounds of the present invention can also be used in the treatment of disease in which excessive glycolipid synthesis occurs such as but not limited to, atherosclerosis, polycystic kidney disease and diabetic renal hypertrophy.
- The compounds of the present invention can also be used in the treatment of neuronal disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease and epilepsy; and neuronal degenerative disease such as Parkinsons' disease
- The compounds of the present invention can also be used in the treatment of neuronal injury such as spinal cord injuries or stroke.
- The compounds of the present invention can also be used for reversibly rendering a male mammal infertile.
- The compounds of the present invention can also be used in the treatment of obesity.
- The compounds of the present invention can also be used in the treatment of inflammatory diseases or disorders associated with macrophage recruitment and activation, including but not limited to, rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn's disease, asthma and sepsis.
- In additional aspects, therefore, the present invention provides:
- (i) the use of a compound of formula (I) in the manufacture of a medicament for use as an inhibitor of glucosylceramide synthase.
- (ii) the use of a compound of formula (I) in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of a glycolipid storage disease. Examples of glycolipid storage disease which can be treated include, but are not limited to: Gaucher disease, Sandhoffs disease, Tay-Sachs disease, Fabry disease or GM1 gangliosidosis.
- (iii) the use of a compound of formula (I) in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of Niemann-Pick disease types A and C.
- (iv) the use of a compound of formula (I) in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of mucopolysaccharidosis type I, mucopolysaccharidosis type IIIA, mucopolysaccharidosis type IIIB, mucopolysaccharidosis type VI or mucopolysaccharidosis type VII.
- (v) the use of a compound of formula (I) in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of α-mannosidosis or mucolipidosis type IV.
- (vi) the use of a compound of formula (I) in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of cancer in which glycolipid synthesis is abnormal including but not limited to neuronal cancer including neuroblastoma, brain cancer, renal adenocarcinoma, malignant melanoma, multiple myeloma and multi-drug resistant cancers.
- (vii) the use of a compound of formula (I) in the manufacture of a medicament for use in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, epilepsy or stroke.
- (viii) the use of a compound of formula (I) in the manufacture of a medicament for use in the treatment of Parkinson's disease.
- (ix) the use of the compound of formula (I) in the manufacture of a medicament in the treatment of spinal injury.
- (x) the use of a compound of formula (I) in the manufacture of a medicament for use in the treatment of disease caused by infectious microorganisms which utilize glycolipids on the surface of cells as receptors for either the organism itself or toxins produced by the organism.
- (xi) the use of a compound of formula (I) in the manufacture of a medicament for use in the treatment of disease caused by infectious organisms for which the synthesis of glucosylceramide is an essential or important process, such as but not limited to, pathologies associated with infections of pathogenic fungi, e.g. Cryptococcus neoformans or pathologies associated with viral infections.
- (xii) the use of a compound of formula (I) in the manufacture of a medicament for use in the treatment of diseases associated with abnormal glycolipid synthesis including but not limited to polycystic kidney disease, diabetic renal hypertrophy and atherosclerosis.
- (xiii) the use of a compound of formula (I) in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of a condition treatable by the administration of a ganglioside such as GM1 ganglioside. Examples of such conditions are Parkinson's disease, stroke and spinal cord injuries.
- (xiv) the use of a compound of formula (I) in the manufacture of a medicament for reversibly rendering a male mammal infertile.
- (xv) the use of a compound of formula (I) in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of obesity, e.g. as an appetite suppressant.
- (xvi) the use of a compound of formula (I) in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of inflammatory diseases or disorders associated with macrophage recruitment and activation, including but not limited to, rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn's disease, asthma and sepsis.
- (xvii) compounds of formula (I) for use in a method for the treatment of a glycolipid storage disease, e.g. Gaucher's disease, Sandhoffs disease, Tay-Sachs disease or GM1 gangliosidosis, which comprises the step of administering to a patient an effective amount of a compound of formula (I).
- (xviii) compounds of formula (I) for use in a method for the treatment of Niemann-Pick disease, types A and C, which comprises the step of administering to a patient an effective amount of a compound of formula (I).
- (xix) compounds of formula (I) for use in a method for the treatment of mucopolysaccharidosis type I, mucopolysaccharidosis type IIIA, mucopolysaccharidosis type IIIB, mucopolysaccharidosis type VI or mucopolysaccharidosis type VII which comprises the step of administering to a patient an effective amount of a compound of formula (I).
- (xx) compounds of formula (I) for use in a method for the treatment of α-mannosidosis or mucolipidosis type IV which comprises the step of administering to a patient an effective amount of a compound of formula (I).
- (xxi) compounds of formula (I) for use in a method for the treatment of cancers in which glycolipid synthesis is abnormal, including but not limited to brain cancer, neuronal cancer, renal adenocarcinoma, malignant melanoma, multiple myeloma and multi-drug resistant cancers, which comprises the step of administering to a patient an effective amount of a compound of formula (I).
- (xxii) compounds of formula (I) for use in a method for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, epilepsy or stroke which comprises the step of administering to a patient an effective amount of a compound of formula (I).
- (xxiii) compounds of formula (I) for use in a method for the treatment of Parkinson's disease, which comprises the step of administering to a patient an effective amount of a compound of formula (I).
- (xxiv) compounds of formula (I) for use in a method for the treatment of spinal injury which comprises the step of administering to a patient an effective amount of a compound of formula (I).
- (xxv) compounds of formula (I) for use in a method for the treatment of diseases caused by infectious microorganisms, which utilize glycolipids on the surface of cells as receptors for either the organism itself or for toxins produced by the organism, which comprises the step of administering to a patient an effective amount of a compound of formula (I).
- (xxvi) compounds of formula (I) for use in a method for the treatment of diseases caused by infectious organisms, e.g. pathogenic fungi or viruses, for which the synthesis of glucosylceramide is an essential or important process, such as but not limited to, pathologies associated with Cryptococcus neoformans infection, or pathologies associated with viral infections, which comprises the step of administering to a patient an effective amount of a compound of formula (I).
- (xxvii) compounds of formula (I) for use in a method for the treatment of diseases associated with abnormal glycolipid synthesis including but not limited to polycystic kidney disease, diabetic renal hypertrophy and atherosclerosis, which comprises the step of administering to a patient an effective amount of a compound of formula (I).
- (xxviii) compounds of formula (I) for use in a method for the treatment of a condition treatable by the administration of a ganglioside, such as GM1 ganglioside, which comprises the step of administering to a patient an effective amount of a compound of formula (I). Examples of such conditions are, Parkinson's disease, stroke and spinal cord injuries.
- (xxix) compounds of formula (I) for use in a method for reversibly rendering a male mammal infertile, which comprises the step of administering to said male mammal an effective amount of a compound of formula (I).
- (xxx) compounds of formula (I) for use in a method for the treatment of obesity, which comprises the step of administering to a patient an effective amount of a compound of formula (I).
- (xxxi) compounds of formula (I) for use in a method for the treatment of inflammatory diseases or disorders associated with macrophage recruitment and activation, including but not limited to, rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn's disease, asthma and sepsis, which comprises the step of administering to a patient an effective amount of a compound of formula (I).
- The invention also provides for the use of a compound of formula (I) for the treatment of the above mentioned diseases and conditions.
- All publications, including, but not limited to, patents and patent applications, cited in this specification, are herein incorporated by reference as if each individual publication were specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated by reference herein as though fully set forth.
- The invention will now be described by reference to the following examples, which are merely illustrative and is not to be construed as a limitation of the scope of the present invention.
-
- To a stirred solution of 3,4,5-piperidinetriol-2-(hydroxymethyl)-, (2S,3R,4R,5S) (57mg, 0.35mmol) and 2-methoxy-4-(phenylmethoxy)benzaldehyde (240mg, 0.99mmol) in methanol (2ml), was added (polystyrylmethyl)trimethylammonium cyanoborohydride (200mg, 0.87mmol) followed by acetic acid (0.2ml). The resultant mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16 h. The crude reaction mixture was purified using a plug of acidic Dowex 50X4-200 resin (1g), which had been pre-washed with methanol (10ml). The resin was eluted with methanol (25ml) to remove all non-basic side products. The desired compound was then eluted using a solution of 7:1 methanol/ammonium hydroxide (20ml). The resulting solution was concentrated to a small volume (1ml) and freeze dried to afford the title compound as a white solid (68mg, 50%). 1H NMR (d4-methanol) δ 2.58 (1H, m), 2.77 (1H, m), 3.13 (1H, m), 3.43 (1H, m), 3.61 (1H, m), 3.77-3.92 (8H, m), 5.10 (2H, s), 6.58 (1H, d, J = 8Hz), 6.62 (1H, bs), 7.22 (1H, d, J = 8Hz), 7.30-7.50 (5H, m). MS m/z 390.3 (M+H)+.
-
- To a mixture of 3,4,5-piperidinetriol, 2-(hydroxymethyl)-, (2S,3R,4R,5S) (50mg, 0.31mmol) and (polystyrylmethyl)trimethylammonium cyanoborohydride (180mg, 0.78mmol) in 10% acetic acid in methanol (2ml) was added 2-chloro-4-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde (140mg, 0.762mmol) and the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The reaction mixture was purified using a plug of acidic Dowex 50X4-200 resin (3g), which had been pre-washed with 10% aqueous hydrochloric acid. The resin was eluted with methanol (25ml) to remove all non-basic side products. The desired compound was then eluted using a solution of 2:2:1 methanol/water/ammonium hydroxide (100ml). The resulting solution was concentrated to a small volume (1ml) and freeze dried to afford the title compound as a white solid (53mg, 59%). 1H NMR (d4-methanol) δ 2.61 (1H, m), 2.76 (1H, m), 2.92 (6H, s), 3.17 (1H, m), 3.41 (1H, m), 3.55 (1H, m), 3.65-3.93 (5H, m), 6.70 (1H, m), 6.75 (1H, m), 7.30 (1H, m). MS m/z 331.2 (M+H)+.
-
- To a mixture of 3,4,5-piperidinetriol, 2-(hydroxymethyl)-, (2S,3R,4R,5S) (50mg, 0.31mmol) and (polystyrylmethyl)trimethylammonium cyanoborohydride (180mg, 0.78mmol) in 10% acetic acid in methanol (2ml) was added 3-cyano-4-dimethylamino-2-fluorobenzaldehyde (192mg, 0.76mmol) and the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The reaction mixture was purified using a plug of acidic Dowex 50X4-200 resin (3g), which had been pre-washed with 10% aqueous hydrochloric acid. The resin was eluted with methanol (25ml) to remove all non-basic side products. The desired compound was then eluted using a solution of 2:2:1 methanol/water/ammonium hydroxide (100ml). The resulting solution was concentrated to a small volume (1ml) and freeze dried to afford the title compound as a white solid (43mg, 49%). 1H NMR (d4-methanol) δ 2.60-2.75 (2H, m), 3.05-3.15 (7H, m), 3.40 (1H, m), 3.52 (1H, m), 3.75 (1H, m), 3.88-3.95 (4H, m), 6.82 (1H, d, J = 9 Hz), 7.57 (1H, dd, J = 9 Hz). MS m/z 340.2 (M+H)+.
-
- To a mixture of 3,4,5-piperidinetriol, 2-(hydroxymethyl)-, (2S,3R,4R,5S) (50mg, 0.31mmol) and (polystyrylmethyl)trimethylammonium cyanoborohydride (180mg, 0.78mmol) in 10% acetic acid in methanol (2ml) was added 4-acetylaminobenzaldehyde (124mg, 0.76mmol) and the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The reaction mixture was purified using a plug of acidic Dowex 50X4-200 resin (3g), which had been pre-washed with 10% aqueous hydrochloric acid. The resin was eluted with methanol (25ml) to remove all non-basic side products. The desired compound was then eluted using a solution of 2:2:1 methanol/water/ammonium hydroxide (100ml). The resulting solution was concentrated to a small volume (1ml) and freeze dried to afford the title compound as a white solid (65mg, 69%). 1H NMR (d4-methanol) δ 2.15 (3H, s), 2.61 (1H, m), 2.74 (1H, m), 3.10 (1H, m), 3.42 (1H, m), 3.55 (1H, m), 3.78 (1H, m), 3.81-3.96 (4H, m), 7.34 (2H, d, J = 9 Hz), 7.52 (2H, d, J = 9 Hz). MS m/z 311.2 (M+H)+.
-
- To a solution of 3,4,5-piperidinetriol, 2-(hydroxymethyl)-, (2S,3R,4R,5S) (50mg, 0.31mmol) in methanol (2ml) was added 2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-5-carboxaldehyde (250mg, 1.69mmol). The mixture was stirred for 5 min until fully dissolved. The pH was adjusted to 5 by addition of methanolic HCl (1M), then (polystyrylmethyl)trimethylammonium cyanoborohydride (180mg, 0.78mmol) was added. The resultant mixture was stirred at room temperature for 48 h. The crude reaction mixture was purified using a plug of acidic Dowex 50X4-200 resin (1.5g), which had been pre-washed with 10% aqueous hydrochloric acid, followed by water then methanol. The resin was eluted with methanol (25ml) to remove all non-basic side products. The desired compound was then eluted using a solution of 2:2:1 methanol/water/ammonium hydroxide (50ml). The solution was concentrated to a small volume (∼1ml) and freeze dried to give title product (83mg, 90%). 1H NMR (d4-methanol) δ 2.55 (1H, dd, J = 9.9, 12.2 Hz), 2.71 (1H, dd, J = 5.1, 12.2 Hz), 3.06 (1H, m), 3.17 (2H, t, J = 8.7 Hz), 3.39 (1H, t, J = 8.7 Hz), 3.50 (1H, m), 3.72-3.89 (5H, m), 4.51 (2H, t, J = 8.7 Hz), 6.65 (1H, d, J = 7.9 Hz), 7.04 (1H, d, J = 7.9 Hz), 7.20 (1H, s). MS m/z 296.3 (M+H)+.
-
- To a solution of 3,4,5-piperidinetriol, 2-(hydroxymethyl)-, (2S,3R,4R,5S) (50mg, 0.31mmol) in methanol (2ml) was added N-[(4-fluorophenyl)methyl]-4-formylbenzamide (246mg, 0.97mmol). The mixture was stirred for 5 min, then DMF (0.5ml) was added to fully dissolve the mixture. The pH was adjusted to 5 by addition of methanolic HCl (1M) and (polystyrylmethyl)trimethylammonium cyanoborohydride (180mg, 0.78mmol) was added. The resultant mixture was stirred at room temperature for 48 h. The crude reaction mixture was purified using a plug of acidic Dowex 50X4-200 resin (1.5g), which had been pre-washed with 10% aqueous hydrochloric acid, followed by water, then methanol. The resin was eluted with methanol (25ml) to remove all non basic side products. The desired compound was eluted using a solution of 2:2:1 methanol/water/ammonium hydroxide (50ml). The resulting solution was concentrated to a small volume (∼1ml) upon which it crystallised to give the title compound (99mg, 79%). 1H NMR (d4-methanol) δ 2.63 (2H, m), 3.06 (1H, m), 3.37 (1H, t, J = 8.9 Hz), 3.50 (1H, m), 3.75 (1H, dd, J = 5.3, 8.9 Hz), 3.86-4.02 (4H, m), 4.54 (2H, s), 7.05 (2H, dd, J = 8.1, 9.2 Hz), 7.27 (2H, dd, J = 5.8, 8.1 Hz), 7.47 (2H, d, J = 8.1 Hz), 7.80 (2H, d, J = 8.1 Hz). MS m/z 405.4 (M+H)+.
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- To a solution of 3,4,5-piperidinetriol, 2-(hydroxymethyl)-, (2S,3R,4R,5S) (50mg, 0.31mmol) in methanol (2ml) was added 4-formyl-N-(1-phenylethyl)benzamide (110mg, 0.41mmol). The mixture was stirred for 5 min until fully dissolved. The pH was adjusted to 5 by addition of methanolic HCl (1M), then (polystyrylmethyl)trimethylammonium cyanoborohydride (180mg, 0.78mmol) was added. The resultant mixture was stirred at room temperature for 48 h. The crude reaction mixture was purified using a plug of acidic Dowex 50X4-200 resin (1.5g), which had been pre-washed with 10% aqueous hydrochloric acid, followed by water then methanol. The resin was eluted with methanol (25ml) to remove all non-basic side products. The desired compound was then eluted using a solution of 2:2:1 methanol/water/ammonium hydroxide (50ml). The resulting solution was concentrated to a small volume (∼1ml) and freeze dried to give the crude product, which was purified by column chromatography (silica, gradient elution from dichloromethane to 79:20:1 dichloromethane/methanol/ammonium hydroxide) to give the title compound (23mg, 19%). 1H NMR (d4-methanol) δ 1.56 (3H, d, J = 6.9), 2.65 (2H, m), 3.08 (1H, m), 3.40 (1H, t, J = 8.7 Hz), 3.51 (1H, m), 3.76 (1H, dd, J = 5.1, 8.9 Hz), 3.87-4.03 (4H, m), 5.23 (1H, dd, J = 6.9, 13.8 Hz), 7.22 (1H, t, J = 7.2 Hz), 7.32 (2H, dd, J = 7.2, 7.5 Hz), 7.39 (2H, d, J = 7.5 Hz), 7.47 (2H, d, J = 8.1 Hz), 7.80 (2H, d, J = 8.1 Hz). MS m/z 401.4 (M+H)+.
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- To a solution of 3,4,5-piperidinetriol, 2-(hydroxymethyl)-, (2S,3R,4R,5S) (50mg, 0.31mmol) in methanol (2ml) was added N-[1-(R)-(4-fluorophenyl)ethyl]-4-formylbenzamide (415mg, 1.53mmol). The mixture was stirred for 5 min until fully dissolved. The pH was adjusted to 5 by addition of methanolic HCl (1M), then (polystyrylmethyl)trimethylammonium cyanoborohydride (180mg, 0.78mmol) was added. The resultant mixture was stirred at room temperature for 48 h. The crude reaction mixture was purified using a plug of acidic Dowex 50X4-200 resin (1.5g), which had been pre-washed with 10% aqueous hydrochloric acid, followed by water, then methanol. The resin was eluted with methanol (25ml) to remove all non-basic side products. The desired compound was eluted using a solution of 2:2:1 methanol/water/ammonium hydroxide (50ml). The resulting solution was concentrated to a small volume (∼1ml) and freeze dried to give title compound (108mg, 83%). 1H NMR (d4-methanol) δ 1.56 (3H, d, J = 6.8 Hz), 2.66 (2H, m), 3.08 (1H, m), 3.40 (1H, t, J = 9.0 Hz), 3.51 (1H, m), 3.76 (1H, dd, J = 5.3, 9.0 Hz), 3.89-4.03 (4H, m), 5.24 (1H, q, J = 6.8 Hz), 7.06 (2H, dd, J = 8.9, 8.9 Hz), 7.43 (4H, m), 7.80 (2H, d, J = 7.9 Hz). MS m/z 419.2 (M+H)+.
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- To a solution of 3,4,5-piperidinetriol, 2-(hydroxymethyl)-, (2S,3R,4S,5S) (50mg, 0.31mmol) in methanol (2ml) was added 3-(phenylmethoxy)benzaldehyde (324mg, 1.53mmol). The mixture was stirred for 5 min and dichloromethane (1ml) was added to aid dissolution. The pH was adjusted to 5 by addition of methanolic HCl (1M), then (polystyrylmethyl)trimethylammonium cyanoborohydride (180mg, 0.78mmol) was added. The resultant mixture was stirred at room temperature for 48 h. The crude reaction mixture was purified using a plug of acidic Dowex 50X4-200 resin (1.5g), which had been pre-washed with 10% aqueous hydrochloric acid, followed by water, then methanol. The resin was eluted with 2:1 methanol/dichloromethane (25ml) to remove all non-basic side products. The desired compound was eluted using a solution of 2:2:1 methanol/dichloromethane/ammonium hydroxide (50ml). The solution was concentrated to a small volume (∼1ml) and freeze dried to give title product (101mg, 91%). 1H NMR (d4-methanol) δ 2.58 (1H, dd, J = 9.6, 12.1 Hz), 2.70 (1H, dd, J = 5.3, 12.1 Hz), 3.07 (1H, m), 3.39 (1H, t, J = 8.9 Hz), 3.51 (1H, m), 3.75 (1H, dd, J = 5.5, 8.9 Hz), 3.80-3.95 (4H, m), 5.07 (2H, s), 6.85-6.94 (2H, m), 7.04 (1H, br. s), 7.21 (1H, t, J = 7.9 Hz), 7.27-7.45 (5H, m). MS m/z 360.3 (M+H)+.
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- To a mixture of 3,4,5-piperidinetriol, 2-(hydroxymethyl)- (2S,3R,4R,5S) (50mg, 0.31 mmol) and (polystyrylmethyl)trimethylammonium cyanoborohydride (180mg, 0.78mmol) in 10% acetic acid in methanol (2ml) was added 3-chloro-4-(phenylmethoxy)benzaldehyde (190mg, 0.76mmol) and the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The reaction mixture was purified using a plug of acidic Dowex 50WX-12 resin (3g), which had been pre-washed with 10% aqueous hydrochloric acid. The resin was eluted with methanol (25ml) to remove all non-basic side products. The desired compound was then eluted using a solution of 2:2:1 methanol/water/ammonium hydroxide (100ml). The resulting solution was concentrated to a small volume (1ml) and freeze dried to afford the title compound as a white solid (44mg, 37%). 1H NMR (d4-methanol) δ 2.58 (1H, dd, J = 9.4, 12.4 Hz), 2.69 (1H, dd, J = 5.3, 12.4 Hz), 3.06 (1H, m), 3.38 (1H, t, J = 8.7 Hz), 3.51 (1H, m), 3.70-3.92 (5H, m), 5.15 (2H, s), 7.05 (1H, d, 8.3 Hz), 7.21 (1H, dd, J = 2.1, 8.3 Hz), 7.27-7.49 (6H, m). MS m/z 394.2 (M+H)+.
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- To a solution of 3,4,5-piperidinetriol, 2-(hydroxymethyl)-, (2S,3R,4R,5S) (50mg, 0.31mmol) in methanol (2ml) was added 4-(phenylmethoxy)benzaldehyde (325mg, 3.08mmol). The mixture was stirred for 5 min until fully dissolved. The pH was adjusted to 5 by addition of methanolic HCl (1M), then (polystyrylmethyl)trimethylammonium cyanoborohydride (180mg, 0.78mmol) was added. The resultant mixture was stirred at room temperature for 48 h. The crude reaction mixture was purified using a plug of acidic Dowex 50X4-200 resin (1.5g), which had been pre-washed with 10% aqueous hydrochloric acid, followed by water, then methanol. The resin was eluted with methanol (25ml) to remove all non-basic side products. The desired compound was eluted using a solution of 2:2:1 methanol/water/ammonium hydroxide (50ml). The resulting solution was concentrated to a small volume (∼1ml), then freeze dried to give the crude product, which was purified by column chromatography (silica, gradient elution from dichloromethane to 79:20:1 dichloromethane/methanol/ammonium hydroxide) to give the title compound (39mg, 35%). 1H NMR (d4-methanol) δ 2.55 (1H, dd, J = 10.0, 12.2 Hz), 2.70 (1H, dd, J = 5.1, 12.2 Hz), 3.06 (1H, m), 3.38 (1H, t, J = 8.9 Hz), 3.49 (1H, m), 3.71-3.90 (5H, m), 5.07 (2H, s), 6.94 (2H, d, J = 8.7 Hz), 7.25-7.44 (7H, m). MS m/z 360.3 (M+H)+.
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- To a mixture of 3,4,5-piperidinetriol, 2-(hydroxymethyl)-, (2S,3R,4R,5S) (50mg, 0.31mmol) and (polystyrylmethyl)trimethylammonium cyanoborohydride (180mg, 0.78mmol) in 10% acetic acid in methanol (2ml) was added crude 4-dibutylaminobenzaldehyde (178mg, 0.76mmol) and the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The reaction mixture was purified using a plug of acidic Dowex 50WX-12 resin (3g), which had been pre-washed with 10% aqueous hydrochloric acid. The resin was eluted with methanol (25ml) to remove all non-basic side products. The desired compound was then eluted using a solution of 2:2:1 methanol/water/ammonium hydroxide (100ml). The resulting solution was concentrated to a small volume (1ml) and freeze dried to afford the title compound as a white solid (4mg, 3.5%). 1H NMR (d4-methanol) δ 0.99 (6H, t, J = 7.2 Hz), 1.36 (4H, m), 1.56 (4H, m), 2.57 (1H, dd, J = 9.8, 12.4 Hz), 2.77 (1H, dd, J = 4.9, 12.4 Hz), 3.1 (1H, m), 3.23-3.33 (4H, m), 3.4 (1H, m), 3.52 (1H, m), 3.67-3.82 (3H, m), 3.9 (2H, d, J = 5.6 Hz), 6.65 (2H, d, J = 8.7 Hz), 7.16 (2H, d, J = 8.7 Hz). MS m/z 381.2 (M+H)+.
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- To a solution of 3,4,5-piperidinetriol, 2-(hydroxymethyl)-, (2S,3R,4R,5S) (50mg, 0.3mmol) in methanol (2ml) was added 4-formyl-trans-stilbene (319mg, 1.53mmol). The mixture was stirred for 5 min and dichloromethane (2ml) was added to aid dissolution. The pH was adjusted to 5 by addition of methanolic HCl (1M), then (polystyrylmethyl)trimethylammonium cyanoborohydride (180mg, 0.78mmol) was added. The resultant mixture was stirred at room temperature for 48 h. The crude reaction mixture was purified using a plug of acidic Dowex 50X4-200 resin (1.5g), which had been pre-washed with 10% aqueous hydrochloric acid, followed by water, then methanol. The resin was eluted with 1:1 methanol/dichloromethane (25ml) to remove all non-basic side products. The desired compound was eluted using a solution of 2:2:1 methanol/dichloromethane/ammonium hydroxide (50ml). The resulting solution was evaporated to dryness to give the title compound (95mg, 86%). 1H NMR (d4-methanol) δ 2.60 (1H, dd, J = 9.8,12.2 Hz), 2.73 (1H, dd, J = 5.1, 12.2 Hz), 3.09 (1H, m), 3.43 (1H, t, J = 8.9 Hz), 3.54 (1H, m), 3.78 (1H, dd, J = 5.1, 8.9 Hz), 3.84-3.95 (4H, m), 7.13 (2H, s), 7.22 (1H, t, J = 7.2 Hz), 7.30-7.37 (4H, m), 7.47-7.54 (4H, m). MS m/z 356.3 (M+H)+.
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- To a solution of 3,4,5-piperidinetriol, 2-(hydroxymethyl)-, (2S,3R,4R,5S) (50mg, 0.31mmol) in methanol (2ml) was added 1-[4-formylbenzoyl]-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline (85mg, 0.32mmol). The mixture was stirred for 5 min until fully dissolved. The pH was adjusted to 5 by addition of methanolic HCl (1M) and (polystyrylmethyl)trimethylammonium cyanoborohydride (180mg, 0.78mmol) was added. The resultant mixture was stirred at room temperature for 48 h. The crude reaction mixture was purified using a plug of acidic Dowex 50X4-200 resin (1.5g), which had been pre-washed with 10% aqueous hydrochloric acid, followed by water, then methanol. The resin was eluted with methanol (25ml) to remove all non-basic side products. The desired compound was then eluted using a solution of 2:2:1 methanol/water/ammonium hydroxide (50ml). The resulting solution was evaporated to small volume (∼1ml) and freeze dried to give the crude product, which was purified by column chromatography (silica, gradient elution from dichloromethane to 79:20:1 dichloromethane/methanol/ammonium hydroxide) to give the title compound (7mg, 5%). 1H NMR (d4-methanol) δ 2.04 (2H, m), 2.57 (1H, dd, J = 9.6, 12.2 Hz), 2.64 (1H, dd, J = 5.3, 12.2 Hz), 2.87 (2H, t, J = 6.6 Hz), 3.04 (1H, m), 3.37 (1H, t, J = 8.9 Hz), 3.48 (1H, m), 3.72 (1H, dd, J = 5.3, 8.9 Hz), 3.82-3.96 (6H, m), 6.71 (1H, d, J = 7.5 Hz), 6.87 (1H, t, J = 7.5 Hz), 7.01 (1H, t, J = 7.5 Hz), 7.19 (1H, d, J = 7.5 Hz), 7.28 (2H, d, J = 8.3 Hz), 7.33 (2H, d, J = 8.3 Hz). MS m/z 413.4 (M+H)+.
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- To a solution of 3,4,5-piperidinetriol, 2-(hydroxymethyl)-, (2S,3R,4R,5S) (50mg, 0.31mmol) in methanol (2ml) was added N-(phenylmethyl)-4-formylbenzamide (255mg, 1.07mmol). The mixture was stirred for 5 min until fully dissolved. The pH was adjusted to 5 by addition of methanolic HCl (1M), then (polystyrylmethyl)trimethylammonium cyanoborohydride (180mg, 0.78mmol) was added. The resultant mixture was stirred at room temperature for 48 h. The crude reaction mixture was purified using a plug of acidic Dowex 50X4-200 resin (1.5g), which had been pre-washed with 10% aqueous hydrochloric acid, followed by water, then methanol. The resin was eluted with methanol (25ml) to remove all non-basic side products. The desired compound was then eluted using a solution of 2:2:1 methanol/water/ammonium hydroxide (50ml). The resulting solution was evaporated to small volume (∼1ml) and freeze dried to give the crude product, which was purified by column chromatography (silica, gradient elution from dichloromethane to 79:20:1 dichloromethane/methanol/ammonium hydroxide) to give the title compound (12mg, 10%). 1H NMR (d4-methanol) δ 2.65 (2H, m), 3.08 (1H, m), 3.39 (1H, t, J = 8.9 Hz), 3.52 (1H, m), 3.76 (1H, dd, J = 5.3, 8.9 Hz), 3.84-4.03 (4H, m), 4.58 (2H, s), 7.22-7.36 (5H, m), 7.48 (2H, d, J = 8.3 Hz), 7.81 (2H, d, J = 8.3 Hz). MS m/z 387.4 (M+H)+.
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- To a solution of 3,4,5-piperidinetriol, 2-(hydroxymethyl)-, (2S,3R,4R,5S) (50mg, 0.31mmol) in methanol (2ml) was added quinoline-6-carbaldehyde (240mg, 1.53mmol). The mixture was stirred for 5 min until fully dissolved. The pH was adjusted to 5 by addition of methanolic HCl (1M), then (polystyrylmethyl) trimethylammonium cyanoborohydride (180mg, 0.78mmol) was added. The resultant mixture was stirred at room temperature for 48 h. The crude reaction mixture was purified using a plug of acidic Dowex 50X4-200 resin (1.5g), which had been pre-washed with 10% aqueous hydrochloric acid, followed by water then methanol. The resin was eluted with methanol (25ml) to remove all non-basic side products. The desired compound was eluted using a solution of 2:2:1 methanol/water/ammonium hydroxide (50ml). The resulting solution was concentrated to a small volume (∼1ml) and freeze dried to give the crude product, which was purified by column chromatography (silica, gradient elution from dichloromethane to 79:20:1 dichloromethane/methanol/ammonium hydroxide). The product was crystallised from methanol/ethyl acetate to give the title compound (46mg, 49%). 1H NMR (d4-methanol) δ 2.69 (2H, m), 3.12 (1H, m), 3.40 (1H, t, J = 8.9 Hz), 3.54 (1H, m), 3.79 (1H, dd, J = 5.7, 8.9-Hz), 3.89-4.17 (4H, m), 7.52 (1H, dd, J = 4.2, 8.3 Hz), 7.86 (2H, m), 7.98 (1H, d, J = 8.7 Hz), 8.34 (1H, d, J = 8.3 Hz), 8.80 (1H, dd, J = 1.7, 4.2 Hz). MS m/z 305.2 (M+H)+.
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- To a stirred solution of 3,4,5-piperidinetriol, 2-(hydroxymethyl)-, (2S,3R,4R,5S) (55mg, 0.34mmol) and 3-cyano-4-(dimethylamino)benzaldehyde (150mg, 0.89mmol) in methanol (2ml), (polystyrylmethyl)trimethylammonium cyanoborohydride (300mg, 1.30mmol) and acetic acid (0.2ml) were added. The resultant mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16 h. A further 170mg (0.98mmol) of the aldehyde was added and the reaction stirred for another 20 h. The crude reaction mixture was purified using a plug of acidic Dowex 50X4-200 resin (1g), which had been pre-washed with methanol (10ml). The resin was eluted with methanol (25ml) and then ethyl acetate (25ml) to remove all non-basic side products. The desired compound was then eluted using a solution of 7:1 methanol/ammonium hydroxide (25ml). The resulting solution was concentrated to a small volume (1ml) and freeze dried. The product was further purified using column chromatography on silica gel (5g, gradient elution 0 to 20% MeOH/dichloromethane and 0.2% triethylamine) to afford the title compound as a white solid (10mg, 9%). 1H NMR (d4-methanol) δ 2.54 (1H, dd, J = 12, 9.5 Hz), 2.63 (1H, dd, J = 12, 5 Hz), 2.96 (6H, s), 3.01 (1H, m), 3.33 (1H, m), 3.46 (1H, m), 3.69 (1H, dd, J = 8.5, 5 Hz), 3.71-3.92 (4H, m), 6.98 (1H, d, J = 8.5 Hz), 7.46 (1H, dd, J = 8.5, 2 Hz), 7.49 (1H, d, 2 Hz). MS m/z 315.3 (M+H)+.
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- To a mixture of 2-(hydroxymethyl)-3,4,5-piperidinetriol (50mg, 0.31mmol) and (polystyrylmethyl)trimethylammonium cyanoborohydride (178mg, 0.76mmol) in 10% acetic acid in methanol (2ml) was added 3-cyano-4-(diethylamino)-2-fluorobenzaldehyde (168mg, 0.76mmol) and the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The reaction mixture was purified using a plug of acidic Dowex 50WX-12 resin (3g), which had been pre-washed with 10% aqueous hydrochloric acid. The resin was eluted with methanol (25ml) to remove all non-basic side products. The desired compound was then eluted using a solution of 2:2:1 methanol/water/ammonium hydroxide (100ml). The resulting solution was concentrated to a small volume (1ml) and freeze dried to afford the title compound as a white solid (84mg, 75%). 1H NMR (d4-methanol) δ 1.2 (6H, t, J = 6.8 Hz), 2.64 (2H, m), 3.06 (1H, m), 3.32-3.53 (6H, m), 3.72 (1H, m), 3.83-3.93 (4H, m), 6.81 (1H, d, J = 8.9 Hz), 7.53 (1H, dd, J = 8.9, 8.9 Hz). MS m/z 367.9 (M+H)+.
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- To a mixture of 3,4,5-piperidinetriol, 2-(hydroxymethyl)-, (2S,3R,4R,5S) (57mg, 0.35mmol), 4-phenoxybenzaldehyde (200mg, 1.01mmol) and (polystyrylmethyl)trimethylammonium cyanoborohydride (200mg, 0.87mmol) in methanol (2ml) was added acetic acid (0.2ml). The resultant mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16 h. The crude reaction mixture was purified using a plug of acidic Dowex 50X4-200 resin (1g), which had been pre-washed with methanol (10ml). The resin was eluted with methanol (25ml) to remove all non-basic side products. The desired compound was then eluted using a solution of 7:1 methanol/ammonium hydroxide (25ml). The resulting solution was concentrated to a small volume (1ml) and freeze dried to afford the title compound as a white solid (86mg, 71%). 1H NMR (d4-methanol) δ 2.60 (1H, dd, J = 12.5, 9.5 Hz), 2.73 (1H, dd, J = 12.5, 5 Hz), 3.09 (1H, m), 3.41 (1H, m), 3.54 (1H, m), 3.74-3.95 (5H, m), 6.91-6.99 (4H, m), 7.06-7.13 (1H, m), 7.30-7.37 (4H, m). MS m/z 346.3 (M+H)+.
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- To a mixture of 3,4,5-piperidinetriol, 2-(hydroxymethyl)-, (2S,3R,4R,5S) (57mg, 0.35mmol), 1,4-benzodioxan-6-carboxaldehyde (164mg, 1.0mmol) and (polystyrylmethyl)-trimethylammonium cyanoborohydride (200mg, 0.87mmol) in methanol (2ml) was added acetic acid (0.2ml). The resultant mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16 h. The crude reaction mixture was purified using a plug of acidic Dowex 50X4-200 resin (1g), which had been pre-washed with methanol (10ml). The resin was eluted with methanol (25ml) to remove all non- basic side products. The desired compound was then eluted using a solution of 7:1 methanol/ammonium hydroxide (25ml). The resulting solution was concentrated to a small volume (1ml) and freeze dried to afford the title compound as a white solid (62mg, 57%). 1H NMR (d4-methanol) δ 2.55 (1H, dd, J = 12,9 Hz), 2.69 (1H, dd, J = 12, 5Hz), 3.35 (1H, m), 3.39 (1H, t, J = 9.0 Hz), 3.50 (1H, m), 3.67-3.90 (5H, m), 4.21 (4H, s), 6.72-6.85 (3H, m).
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- To a mixture of 3,4,5-piperidinetriol, 2-(hydroxymethyl)-, (2S,3R,4R,5S) (57mg, 0.35mmol), N-(4-formylphenyl)benzamide (230mg, 1.02mmol) and (polystyrylmethyl)trimethylammonium cyanoborohydride (200mg, 0.87mmol) in methanol (2ml) was added acetic acid (0.2ml). The resultant mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16 h. The crude reaction mixture was purified using a plug of acidic Dowex 50X4-200 resin (1g), which had been pre-washed with methanol (10ml). The resin was eluted with methanol (25ml) to remove all non-basic side products. The desired compound was then eluted using a solution of 7:1 methanol/ammonium hydroxide (25ml). The resulting solution was concentrated to a small volume (1ml) and freeze dried to afford the title compound as a white solid (68mg, 52%). 1H NMR (d4-methanol) δ 2.59 (1H, dd, J = 12, 9.5 Hz), 2.73 (1H, dd, J = 12, 5 Hz), 3.09 (1H, m), 3.39 (1H, m), 3.54 (1H, m), 3.77 (1H, dd, J = 8.5, 5 Hz), 3.81-3.97 (4H, m), 7.37 (2H, d, J =7 Hz), 7.47-7.62 (3H, m), 7.64 (2H, d, J = 7 Hz), 7.90-7.95 (2H, m). MS m/z 373.3 (M+H)+.
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- To a mixture of 3,4,5-piperidinetriol, 2-(hydroxymethyl)-, (2S,3R,4R,5S) (50mg, 0.31mmol), N-(4-formylphenyl)benzenesulfonamide (236mg, 0.90mmol) and (polystyrylmethyl) trimethylammonium cyanoborohydride (200mg, 0.87mmol) in methanol (2ml) was added acetic acid (0.2ml). The resultant mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16 h. The crude reaction mixture was purified using a plug of acidic Dowex 50X4-200 resin (1g), which had been pre-washed with methanol (10ml). The resin was eluted with methanol (25ml) to remove all non-basic side products. The desired compound was then eluted using a solution of 7:1 methanol/ammonium hydroxide (25ml). The resulting solution was concentrated to a small volume (1ml) and freeze dried to afford the title compound as a white solid (98mg, 78%). 1H NMR (d4-methanol) δ 2.55 (1H, dd, J = 12.5, 9.0 Hz), 2.65 (1H, dd, J = 12.5, 5.5 Hz), 3.03 (1H, m), 3.39 (1H, m), 3.49 (1H, m), 3.70-3.94 (5H, m), 7.05 (2H, d, J = 8.5 Hz), 7.23 (2H, d, J = 8.5 Hz), 7.45-7.52 (2H, m), 7.58 (1H, m), 7.73-7.78 (2H, m). MS m/z 409.3 (M+H)+.
-
- To a solution of 3,4,5-piperidinetriol, 2-(hydroxymethyl)-, (2S,3R,4R,5S) (50mg, 0.31mmol) in methanol (2ml) was added 4-(2-pyridyl)benzaldehyde (280mg, 1.53mmol). The mixture was stirred for 5 min until fully dissolved. The pH was adjusted to 5 by addition of methanolic HCl (1M), then (polystyrylmethyl)trimethylammonium cyanoborohydride (180mg, 0.78mmol) was added. The resultant mixture was stirred at room temperature for 48 h. The crude reaction mixture was purified using a plug of acidic Dowex 50X4-200 resin (1.5g), which had been pre-washed with 10% aqueous hydrochloric acid, followed by water then methanol. The resin was eluted with methanol (25ml) to remove all non-basic side products. The desired compound was then eluted using a solution of 2:2:1 methanol/water/ammonium hydroxide (50ml). The solution was concentrated to a small volume (~1ml) and freeze dried. The resulting residue was crystallised from methanol/ethyl acetate to give the title product (80mg, 78%). 1H NMR (d4-methanol) δ 2.63 (1H, dd, J = 9.6, 12.2 Hz), 2.73 (1H, dd, J = 5.1, 12.2 Hz), 3.11 (1H, m), 3.40 (1H, t, J = 9.0 Hz), 3.53 (1H, m), 3.78 (1H, dd, J = 5.3, 9.0 Hz), 3.88-4.03 (4H, m), 7.35 (1H, m), 7.50 (2H, d, J = 8.3 Hz), 7.82-7.90 (4H, m), 8.59 (1H, d, J = 4.9 Hz). MS m/z 331.3 (M+H)+.
-
- To a solution of 3,4,5-piperidinetriol, 2-(hydroxymethyl)- (2S,3R,4R,5S) (100mg, 0.61mmol) in methanol (4ml) was added 2-phenyl-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one-6-carbaldehyde (675mg, 2.67mmol). The mixture was stirred for 5 min until fully dissolved. The pH was adjusted to 5 by addition of methanolic HCl (1M), then (polystyrylmethyl)trimethylammonium cyanoborohydride (400mg, 1.73mmol) was added. The resultant mixture was stirred at room temperature for 48 h. The crude reaction mixture was purified using a plug of acidic Dowex 50X4-200 resin (3.5g), which had been pre-washed with 10% aqueous hydrochloric acid, followed by water, then methanol. The resin was eluted with methanol (50ml) to remove all non-basic side products. The desired compound was eluted using a solution of 2:2:1 methanol/water/ammonium hydroxide (75ml). The resulting solution was concentrated to a small volume (~1ml) and freeze dried to give crude product, which was further purified by column chromatography (silica, gradient elution from dichloromethane to 79:20:1 dichloromethane/ methanol/ammonium hydroxide) to give the title compound (100mg, 41%). 1H NMR (d4-methanol) δ 2.56 (1H, dd, J = 9.8, 12.1 Hz), 2.69 (1H, dd, J = 5.3, 12.1 Hz), 3.06 (1H, m), 3.39 (1H, t, J = 8.7 Hz), 3.51 (1H, m), 3.72-3.91 (5H, m), 5.66 (1H, s), 6.89-6.97 (3H, m), 7.33-7.43 (5H, m). MS m/z 401.4 (M+H)+.
-
- To a mixture of 3,4,5-piperidinetriol, 2-(hydroxymethyl)-, (2S,3R,4R,5S) (57mg, 0.35mmol), 3,5-dimethyl-4-(phenylmethoxy)benzaldehyde (240mg, 1.0mmol) and (polystyrylmethyl)-trimethylammonium cyanoborohydride (200mg, 0.87mmol) in methanol (2ml) was added acetic acid (0.2ml). The resultant mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16 h. The crude reaction mixture was purified using a plug of acidic Dowex 50X4-200 resin (1g), which had been pre-washed with methanol (10ml). The resin was eluted with methanol (25ml) to remove all non-basic side products. The desired compound was then eluted using a solution of 7:1 methanol/ammonium hydroxide (25ml). The resulting solution was concentrated to a small volume (1ml) and freeze dried to afford the title compound as a white solid (125mg, 92%). 1H NMR (d4-methanol) δ 2.28 (6H, s), 2.56 (1H, dd, J = 12.5, 9.5 Hz), 2.71 (1H, dd, J = 12.5, 5 Hz), 3.07 (1H, dd, J = 5.5, 11 Hz), 3.40 (1H, m), 3.52 (1H, m), 3.69-3.94 (5H, m), 4.78 (2H, s), 7.01 (2H, s), 7.29-7.48 (5H, m). MS m/z 388.3 (M+H)+.
-
- To a mixture of 3,4,5-piperidinetriol 2-(hydroxymethyl)-, (2S,3R,4R,5S) (50mg, 0.31mmol) and (polystyrylmethyl)trimethylammonium cyanoborohydride (180mg, 0.78mmol) in 10% HOAc in methanol (2ml) was added 3-cyano-4-[N-butyl-4-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]benzaldehyde (178mg, 0.76mmol) and the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The reaction mixture was passed through a plug of strongly acidic Dowex 50X4-200 resin (3g) which had been pre-washed with 10% aqueous hydrochloric acid. The resin was eluted with methanol (25ml) to remove all non-basic side products. The desired compound was then eluted using a solution of 2:2:1 methanol/water/ammonium hydroxide (100ml). The resulting solution was concentrated to a small volume (1ml) and freeze dried to afford the title compound as a white solid, 10mg, (8%). 1H NMR (MeOD) δ 0.9 (3H, t), 1.28-1.45 (2H, m), 1.5-1.65 (2H, m), 2.54-2.75 (2H, m), 3.05 (1H, m), 3.34-3.58 (6H, m), 3.65-3.92 (7H, m), 7.12 (1H, m), 7.45-7.56 (2H, m). MS m/z 394.2 (M+H)+.
-
- To a solution of 3,4,5-piperidinetriol, 2-(hydroxymethyl)-, (2S,3R,4R,5S) (25mg, 0.15 mmol) in methanol (2ml) was added N-(4-formylphenyl)phenylacetamide (180mg, 6.70mmol). The mixture was stirred for 5 min until fully dissolved. The pH was adjusted to 5 by addition of methanolic HCl (1M), then (polystyrylmethyl)trimethylammonium cyanoborohydride (200mg, 0.86mmol) was added. The resultant mixture was stirred at room temperature for 48 h. The crude reaction mixture was passed through a plug of strongly acidic Dowex 50X4-200 resin (1.5g) (which had been pre-washed with 10% aqueous hydrochloric acid, followed by water then methanol). The resin was eluted with methanol (25ml) to remove all non basic side products. The desired compound was then eluted using a solution of 2:2:1 methanol/water/ammonium hydroxide (50ml). The resulting solution was concentrated to a small volume (1ml) and freeze dried to afford a white solid, which was further purified by column chromatography (silica, gradient elution dichloromethane to 79:20:1 dichloromethane/methanol/ammonium hydroxide) (14mg, 24%). 1H NMR (d4-methanol) δ 2.56 (1H, dd, J = 9.8, 12.4 Hz), 2.68 (1H, dd, J = 5.3, 12.4 Hz), 3.05 (1H, m), 3.38 (1H, m), 3.50 (1H, m), 3.62 (2H, s), 3.73-3.92 (5H, m), 7.24-7.38 (7H, m), 7.51 (2H, d, J = 8.7 Hz). MS m/z 387.2 (M+H)+.
-
- To a mixture of 3,4,5-piperidinetriol, 2-(hydroxymethyl)-, (2S,3R,4R,5S) (100mg, 0.61 3mmol), 2-hexyl-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one-6-carbaldehyde (480mg, 1.83mmol) and (polystyrylmethyl)trimethylammonium cyanoborohydride (500mg, 2.5mmol) in methanol (3.6ml) was added acetic acid (0.4ml). The resultant mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16h. The crude reaction mixture was purified using a plug of acidic Dowex 50X4-200 resin (2g) (which had been pre-washed with methanol (10ml)). The resin was eluted with methanol (25ml) to remove all non-basic side products. The desired compound was then eluted using a solution of 7:1 methanol/ammonium hydroxide (25ml). The resulting solution was concentrated to a small volume (1ml) and freeze dried. The freeze dried solid was further purified using silica chromatography (gradient elution 10 to 30% methanol/dichloromethane and 1% ammonia) to afford the title compound as a white solid (121mg, 48%). 1H NMR (d4-methanol) δ 0.92 (3H, m), 1.25-1.40 (6H, m), 1.56 (2H, m), 1.81 (2H, m), 2.61 (1H, m), 2.74 (1H, m), 3.1 (1H, m), 3.42 (1H, m), 3.53 (1H, m), 3.70-3.98 (5H, m), 4.51 (1H, m), 4.64 (1H, s), 6.87-7.01 (3H, m). MS m/z 409.2 (M+H)+.
-
- To a solution of 3,4,5-piperidinetriol, 2-(hydroxymethyl)-, (2S,3R,4R,5S) (100mg; 0.61mmol) in methanol (4ml) was added N-[1-(S)-(4-fluorophenyl)ethyl]-4-formylbenzenesulfonamide (943mg, 3.07mmol). The mixture was stirred for 5 min until fully dissolved. The pH was adjusted to 5 by addition of methanolic HCl (1M), then (polystyrylmethyl)trimethylammonium cyanoborohydride (400mg, 1.72mmol) was added. The resultant mixture was stirred at room temperature for 48 h. The crude reaction mixture was passed through a plug of strongly acidic Dowex 50X4-200 resin (4.0g) (which had been pre-washed with 10% aqueous hydrochloric acid, followed by water then methanol). The resin was eluted with methanol (35ml) to remove all non basic side products. The desired compound was then eluted using a solution of 2:2:1 methanol/dichloromethane/ammonium hydroxide (100ml). The resulting solution was evaporated to dryness to afford a white solid, which was purified by column chromatography (silica, gradient elution from dichloromethane to 79:20:1 dichloromethane/methanol/ammonium hydroxide). (130mg, 47%). 1H NMR (d4-methanol) δ 1.32 (3H, d, J = 7.2 Hz), 2.56-2.67 (2H, m), 3.04 (1H, dd, J = 4.9, 11.3 Hz), 3.38 (1H, t, J = 9.0 Hz), 3.50 (1H, m), 3.75 (1H, dd, J = 5.3, 9.0 Hz), 3.85-3.99 (4H, m), 4.41 (1H, q, 7.2 Hz), 6.89 (2H, m), 7.12 (2H, m), 7.41 (2H, d, J = 8.3 Hz), 7.61 (2H, d, J = 8.3 Hz). MS m/z 455.2 (M+H)+.
-
- To a solution of 3,4,5-piperidinetriol, 2-(hydroxymethyl)-, (2S,3R,4R,5S) (30mg, 0.18mmol) in methanol (2ml) was added N-(4-formylphenyl)-2-(S)-phenylpropionamide (220mg, 0.87mmol). The mixture was stirred for 5 min until fully dissolved. The pH was adjusted to 5 by addition of methanolic HCl (1M), then (polystyrylmethyl)trimethylammonium cyanoborohydride (180mg, 0.78mmol) was added. The resultant mixture was stirred at room temperature for 48 h. The crude reaction mixture was passed through a plug of strongly acidic Dowex 50X4-200 resin (1.5g) (which had been pre-washed with 10% aqueous hydrochloric acid, followed by water then methanol). The resin was eluted with methanol (25ml) to remove all non basic side products. The desired compound was then eluted using a solution of 2:2:1 methanol/water/ammonium hydroxide (50ml). The resulting solution was concentrated to a small volume (1ml) and freeze dried to afford a white solid, which was purified by column chromatography (silica, gradient elution from dichloromethane to 79:20:1 dichloromethane/methanol/ammonium hydroxide. (8mg, 11%). 1H NMR (d4-methanol) δ 1.50 (3H, d, J = 7.2 Hz), 2.73-2.80 (2H, m), 3.18 (1H, m), 3.48 (1H, m), 3.64 (1H, m), 3.77-4.07 (6H, m), 7.21-7.41 (7H, m), 7.52 (2H, d, J = 8.3 Hz). MS m/z 401.2 (M+H)+.
-
- To a mixture of 3,4,5-piperidinetriol, 2-(hydroxymethyl)-, (2S,3R,4R,5S) (100mg, 0.613mmol), 2-propyl-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one-6-carbaldehyde (450mg, 2.05mmol) and (polystyrylmethyl)trimethylammonium cyanoborohydride (500mg, 2.5mmol) in methanol (3.6ml) was added acetic acid (0.4ml). The resultant mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16h. The crude reaction mixture was purified using a plug of acidic Dowex 50X4-200 resin (2g) (which had been pre-washed with methanol (10ml)). The resin was eluted with methanol (25ml) to remove all non-basic side products. The desired compound was then eluted using a solution of 7:1 methanol/ammonium hydroxide (25ml). The resulting solution was concentrated to a small volume (1ml) and freeze dried. The freeze dried solid was further purified using silica chromatography (gradient elution 10 to 30% methanol/dichloromethane and 1% ammonia) to afford the title compound as a white solid (109mg, 48.5%). 1H NMR (d4-methanol) δ 0.99 (3H, m), 1.58 (2H, m), 1.81 (2H, m), 2.58 (1H, m), 2.71 (1H, m), 3.08 (1H, m), 3.39 (1H, m), 3.52 (1H, m), 3.7-4.0 (5H, m), 4.52 (1H, t), 6.87-7.01 (3H, m). MS m/z 367.2 (M+H)+.
-
- To a solution of 3,4,5-piperidinetriol, 2-(hydroxymethyl)-, (2S,3R,4R,5S) (30mg, 0.18mmol) in methanol (2ml) was added N-(4-formylphenyl)-2-(R)-phenylpropionamide (240mg, 0.95mmol). The mixture was stirred for 5 min until fully dissolved. The pH was adjusted to 5 by addition of methanolic HCl (1M), then (polystyrylmethyl)trimethylammonium cyanoborohydride (180mg, 0.78mmol) was added. The resultant mixture was stirred at room temperature for 48 h. The crude reaction mixture was passed through a plug of strongly acidic Dowex 50X4-200 resin (1.5g) (which had been pre-washed with 10% aqueous hydrochloric acid, followed by water then methanol). The resin was washed with methanol (25ml) to remove all non basic side products. The desired compound was then eluted using a solution of 2:2:1 methanol/water/ammonium hydroxide (50ml). The resulting solution was concentrated to a small volume (1ml) and freeze dried to afford a white solid, which was purified by column chromatography (silica, gradient elution from dichloromethane to 79:20:1 dichloromethane/methanol/ammonium hydroxide (13mg, 18%). 1H NMR (d4-methanol) δ 1.50 (3H, d, J = 7.2 Hz), 2.58 (1H, m), 2.69 (1H, dd, J = 4.9, 12.1 Hz), 3.06 (1H, dd, J = 5.7, 10.9 Hz), 3.38 (1H, t, J = 8.5 Hz), 3.50 (1H, m), 3.71-3.95 (6H, m), 7.23-7.49 (9H, m). MS m/z 401.2 (M+H)+.
-
- To a solution of 3,4,5-piperidinetriol, 2-(hydroxymethyl)-, (2S,3R,4R,5S) (100mg, 0.61mmol) in methanol (4ml) was added 4-formyl-N-[1-(S)-phenylethyl]benzamide (777mg, 3.07mmol). The mixture was stirred for 5 min, then dichloromethane (2ml) was added to aid dissolution. The pH was adjusted to 5 by addition of methanolic HCl (1M), then (polystyrylmethyl)trimethylammonium cyanoborohydride (400mg, 1.72mmol) was added. The resultant mixture was stirred at room temperature for 48 h. The crude reaction mixture was passed through a plug of strongly acidic Dowex 50X4-200 resin (4.0g) (which had been pre-washed with 10% aqueous hydrochloric acid, followed by water then methanol). The resin was eluted with methanol (35ml) to remove all non basic side products. The desired compound was then eluted using a solution of 2:2:1 methanol/dichloromethane/ammonium hydroxide (100ml). The resulting solution was evaporated to dryness, suspended in water and freeze dried to afford a white solid (231mg, 95%). 1H NMR (d4-methanol) δ 1.56 (3H, d, J = 7.0 Hz), 2.56-2.71 (2H, m), 3.07 (1H, m), 3.37 (1H, t, J = 9.0 Hz), 3.51 (1H, m), 3.75 (1H, dd, J = 5.3, 9.0 Hz), 3.85-4.02 (4H, m), 5.23 (1H, q, 7.0 Hz), 7.20-7.48 (7H, m), 7.79 (2H, d, J = 7.9 Hz) m/z 401.2 (M+H)+.
-
- To a solution of 3,4,5-piperidinetriol, 2-(hydroxymethyl)-, (2S,3R,4R,SS) (100mg, 0.61mmol) in methanol (4ml) was added 4-formyl-N-[1-(R)-phenylethyl]benzamide (777mg, 3.07mmol). The mixture was stirred for 5 min until fully dissolved. The pH was adjusted to 5 by addition of methanolic HCl (1M), then (polystyrylmethyl)trimethylammonium cyanoborohydride (400mg, 1.72mmol) was added. The resultant mixture was stirred at room temperature for 48 h. The crude reaction mixture was passed through a plug of strongly acidic Dowex 50X4-200 resin (4.0g) (which had been pre-washed with 10% aqueous hydrochloric acid, followed by water then methanol). The resin was eluted with methanol (35ml) to remove all non basic side products. The desired compound was then eluted using a solution of 2:2:1 methanol/dichloromethane/ammonium hydroxide (100ml). The resulting solution was evaporated to dryness to afford a white solid (236mg, 97%). 1H NMR (d4-methanol) δ 1.56 (3H, d, J = 7.2 Hz), 2.56-2.71 (2H, m), 3.06 (1H, m), 3.47 (1H, m), 3.50 (1H, m), 3.74 (1H, m), 3.77-4.01 (4H, m), 5.22 (1H, q, J = 7.2 Hz), 7.29-7.48 (7H, m), 7.79 (2H, d, J = 7.9 Hz). MS m/z 401.2 (M+H)+.
-
- To a solution of 3,4,5-piperidinetriol, 2-(hydroxymethyl)-, (2S,3R,4R,5S) (100mg, 0.61mmol) in methanol (4ml) was added N-[(4-fluorophenyl)methyl]-4-formyl-N-methylbenzamide (832mg, 3.07mmol). The mixture was stirred for 5 min until fully dissolved. The pH was adjusted to 5 by addition of methanolic HCl (1M), then (polystyrylmethyl)trimethylammonium cyanoborohydride (400mg, 1.72mmol) was added. The resultant mixture was stirred at room temperature for 48 h. The crude reaction mixture was passed through a plug of strongly acidic Dowex 50X4-200 resin (4.0g) (which had been pre-washed with 10% aqueous hydrochloric acid, followed by water then methanol). The resin was eluted with methanol (40ml) to remove all non basic side products. The desired compound was then eluted using a solution of 2:2:1 methanol/dichloromethane/ammonium hydroxide (100ml). The resulting solution was concentrated to a small volume (1ml) and freeze dried to afford a white solid, which was further purified by column chromatography (silica, gradient elution dichloromethane to 79:20:1 dtchloromethane/methanol/ammonium hydroxide) (107mg, 42%). 1H NMR (d6-DMSO + D2O, 80°C) δ 2.33-2.46 (2H, m), 2.72 (3H, s), 2.78 (1H, dd, J = 5.3, 10.9 Hz), 3.13 (1H, m), 3.25 (1H, m), 3.46 (1H, dd, J = 4.9, 8.6 Hz), 3.54-3.76 (4H, m), 4.41 (2H, s), 6.98 (2H, m), 7.11-7.25 (6H, m). MS m/z 419.2 (M+H)+.
-
- To a solution of 3,4,5-piperidinetriol, 2-(hydroxymethyl)-, (2S,3R,4R,5S) (50mg, 0.31mmol) in methanol (2ml) was added 4-formyl-N-(hexyl)benzamide (357mg, 1.53mmol). The mixture was stirred for 5 min until fully dissolved. The pH was adjusted to 5 by addition of methanolic HCl (1M), then (polystyrylmethyl)trimethylammonium cyanoborohydride (200mg, 0.86mmol) was added. The resultant mixture was stirred at room temperature for 48 h, after which further 4-formyl-N-(hexyl)benzamide (200mg, 0.86mmol) was added and the mixture stirred for another 24 h. The crude reaction mixture was passed through a plug of strongly acidic Dowex 50X4-200 resin (1.5g) (which had been pre-washed with 10% aqueous hydrochloric acid, followed by water then methanol). The resin was eluted with methanol (25ml) to remove all non basic side products. The desired compound was then eluted using a solution of 2:2:1 methanol/water/ammonium hydroxide (50ml). The resulting solution was concentrated to a small volume (1ml) and freeze dried to afford a white solid. (115mg, 97%). 1H NMR (d4-methanol) δ 0.91 (3H, m), 1.29-1.44 (6H, m), 1.62 (2H, m), 2.57-2.71 (2H, m), 3.07 (1H, m), 3.34-3.41 (3H, m), 3.50 (1H, m), 3.73 (1H, m), 3.85-4.02 (4H, m), 7.46 (2H, d, J = 8.3 Hz), 7.77 (2H, d, J = 8.3 Hz). MS m/z 381.3 (M+H)+.
- The compounds of the invention may be tested for their biological activity in the following assays:
- The assay for inhibition of GCS was performed essentially as described in Platt et al., J.Biol.Chem., (1994), 269, 27108, the enzyme source being human recombinant GCS expressed in insect cells.
- The assay for inhibition of non-lysosomal-β-glucocerebrosidase was essentially carried out as described in Overkleeft, H. S. et al., J. Biol. Chem., (1998) 273, 26522-26527 with the following differences: whole cell extracts of MCF7 (a human breast carcinoma cell line) was used as the source of the enzyme instead of splenic membrane suspensions; 5mM instead of 3Mm, 4-MU β-glucoside was used as substrate and 0.2M citrate/phosphate (pH 5.8) was used instead of McIlvaine buffer.
- Table I shows IC50 data for compounds of the invention against human GCS and non-lysosomal-β-glucocerebrosidase enzymes.
Table I Compound Inhibition of GCS (IC50, µM) Inhibition of non-lysosomal-β-glucocerebrosidase (IC50, µM) Example 1 2.70 0.110 Example 3 1.80 0.750 Example 6 0.67 0.069 Example 7 0.28 0.084 Example 8 0.49 0.042 Example 10 0.32 0.005 Example 11 0.21 0.003 Example 13 0.29 0.002 Example 14 1.40 0.019 Example 18 0.55 0.120 Example 19 0.41 0.004 Example 20 2.50 0.055 Example 22 0.91 0.910 - Human mammary epithelial cells (MCF-7) were cultured for 5-7 days, with varying concentrations of a compound of the invention to be tested (0; 0.01; 0.05; 0.25; 1.25 and 6.25 µM). The cells were harvested and the total cellular lipids extracted. Neutral glycolipids were separated by partitioning in a DIPE/1-butanol/saline suspension, according to methods well known to those skilled in the art. The neutral glycolipid extracts were then separated by High-Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC), using non-polar TLC conditions (chloroform: methanol: 0.2% CaCl2; 65:35:8), according to methods well known to those skilled in the art GlcCer bands were visualized and the TLC plates were scanned immediately. Scion Image software was then used to quantify GlcCer in the samples relative to a GlcCer standard. This enabled a cell-based IC50 to be calculated for compounds of the invention for GCS inhibition, as shown in the Table II.
- Table II shows cell-based IC50 data for compounds of the invention against human GCS.
Table II Compound Inhibition of GCS Cellular-based (IC50 µM) Example 11 < 0.010
Claims (30)
- A compound of formula (1) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof:R is C1-3 alkylAr1 where Ar1 is phenyl or pyridyl;wherein phenyl is substituted by one or more substituents selected from CN, CON(R1)2, SOnR2, SO2N(R1)2, N(R5)2, N(R1)COR2, N(R1)SOnR2, C0-6 alkylAr2, C2-6 alkenylAr2 and C3-6 alkynylAr2 wherein one or more of the -CH2- groups of the alkyl chain may be replaced with a heteroatom selected from O, S and NR3, provided that when the heteroatom is O, at least two -CH2- groups separate it from any additional O atom in the alkyl chain; or two adjacent substituents on the Ar1 phenyl may together form a fused 5- or 6-membered saturated or unsaturated ring wherein the ring optionally contains 1 or 2 heteroatoms selected from O, S and NR4 and is optionally substituted by one or more substituents selected from, an oxo group, C1-6 alkyl and C0-3 alkylAr4;and the Ar1 phenyl is optionally substituted by one or more additional substituents selected from F, Cl, Br, CF3, OCF3, OR3 and C1-6 alkyl;and wherein pyridyl is substituted by one or more substituents, selected from, CN, CON(R1)2, SOnR2, SO2N(R1)2, N(R5)2, N(R1)COR2, N(R1)SOnR2, F, Cl, Br, CF3, OCF3, OR3, C1-6 alkyl, C0-6 alkylAr2, C2-6 alkenylAr1 and C3-6 alkynylAr2 wherein one of the -CH2- groups of the alkyl chain may be replaced with a heteroatom selected from O, S and NR3, provided that when the heteroatom is O, at least two - CH2- groups separate it from any additional O atom in the alkyl chain; or two adjacent substituents on the Ar1 pyridyl may together form a fused 5- or 6-membered saturated or unsaturated ring wherein the ring optionally contains 1 or 2 heteroatoms selected from O, S and NR4 and is optionally substituted by one or more substituents selected from, an oxo group, C1-6 alkyl and C0-3 alkylAr4;R1 is H, C1-6 alkyl optionally substituted by OH, Ar3, or C1-6 alkylAr3, or the group N(R1)2 may form a 5- to 10-membered heterocyclic group optionally containing one or more additional heteroatoms selected from O, S and NR3 and is optionally substituted by an oxo group;R2 is C1-6 alkyl optionally substituted by OH, Ar1, or C1-6 alkylAr3;R3 is H, or C1-6 alkyl;R4 is H, C1-6 alkyl or C0-3 alkylAr4;R5 is H, C1-6 alkyl optionally substituted by OH, Ar3, or C1-6 alkylAr3, or the group N(R5)2 may form a 5- to 10-membered heterocyclic group optionally containing one or more additional heteroatoms selected from O, S and NR3 and is optionally substituted by an oxo group;Ar2 and Ar3 are independently phenyl or a 5- to 10-membered heteroaryl group containing up to 3 heteroatoms selected from O, S and NR3, which may be optionally substituted by one or more substituents selected from F, Cl, Br, CN, CF3, OCF3, OR3 and C1-6 alkyl;Ar4 is phenyl or pyridyl either of which may be optionally substituted by one or more substituents selected from F, Cl, Br, CN, CF3, OCF3, OR3 and C1-6 alkyl; andn = 0, 1 or 2.
- A compound as defined in claim 1 wherein R is C1 alkylAr1.
- A compound as defined in claim 1 or 2 wherein Ar1 is phenyl, wherein phenyl is substituted as defined for claim 1.
- A compound as defined in any one of claims 1 to 3 wherein Ar1 is phenyl, wherein phenyl is substituted by one or more substituents selected from CN, CON(R1)2, N(R5)2, and C0-6 alkylAr2 wherein one or more of the -CH2- groups of the alkyl chain may be replaced with a heteroatom selected from O, S and NR3, provided that when the heteroatom is O, at least two -CH2- groups separate it from any additional O atom in the alkyl chain; or two adjacent substituents on the Ar1 phenyl may together form a fused 5- or 6-membered saturated or unsaturated ring wherein the ring optionally contains 1 or 2 heteroatoms selected from O and NR4 and is optionally substituted by one or more substituents selected from, an oxo group, C1-6 alkyl and C0-3 alkylAr4, and the Ar1 phenyl is optionally substituted by one or more additional substituents selected from F, Cl, Br, CF3, OCF3, OR3 and C1-6 alkyl.
- A compound as defined in any one of the preceding claims wherein Ar1 is phenyl, wherein phenyl is substituted by one or more substituents selected from CN, CON(R1)2, N(R5)2, and C0-6 alkylAr2 wherein one or more of the -CH2- groups of the alkyl chain may be replaced with O, provided that at least two - CH2- groups separate it from any additional O atom introduced into the alkyl chain and the Ar1 phenyl is optionally substitute by one or more additional substituents selected from F, Cl, Br, CF3, OCF3, OR3 and C1-6 alkyl.
- A compound as defined in any one of the preceding claims wherein Ar2 is phenyl which is optionally substituted by one or more substituents selected from F, Cl, Br, CN, CF, OCF3. OR3 and C1-6 alkyl.
- A compound as defined in any one of the preceding claims wherein R' is H, C1-6 alkyl or C1-6 alkylAr3.
- A compound as defined in any one of the preceding claims wherein R2 is Ar3 or C1-6 alkylAr3.
- A compound as defined in any one of the preceding claims wherein Ar3 is phenyl which may be optionally substituted by one or more substituents selected from F, Cl, Br, CN, CF3, OCF3, OR3 and C1-6 alkyl.
- A compound as defined in any one of the preceding claims wherein R5 is C1-6 alkyl.
- A compound of formula (I) as described in any one of Examples 1 to 36 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
- A compound as defined in any one of the preceding claims for use in medicine.
- A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of formula (I) as defined in any one of claims 1 to 11, together with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, excipients and/or diluents.
- A process for the preparation of a compound of formula (I) as defined in any one of claims 1 to 11 which comprises:a) reductive amination of an aldehyde of formula R5CHO wherein R5 is C0-2 alkylAr1 where Ar1 is as defined in claim 1, with a compound of formula (II):wherein R is as defined in claim 1, and P, which may be the same or different, are hydroxy protecting groups.
- The use of a compound of formula (I) as defined in any one of claims 1 to 11 in the manufacture of a medicament for use as an inhibitor of glucosylceramide synthase.
- The use of a compound as defined in any one of claims 1 to 11 in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of a glycolipid storage disease.
- The use as claimed in claim 16 wherein the glycolipid storage disease is Gaucher disease, Sandhoffs disease, Tay-Sachs disease, Fabry disease or GM1 gangliosidosis.
- The use of a compound as defined in any one of claims 1 to 11, in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of Niemann-Pick disease type C, mucopolysaccharidosis type I, mucopolysaccharidosis type IIIA, mucopolysaccharidosis type IIIB, mucopolysaccharidosis type VI, mucopolysaccharidosis type VII, α-mannosidosis or mucolipidosis type IV.
- The use of a compound as defined in any one of claims 1 to 11, in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of cancer in which glycolipid synthesis is abnormal.
- The use as claimed in claim 19 wherein the cancer in which glycolipid synthesis is abnormal is selected from, brain cancer, neuronal cancer, neuroblastoma, renal adenocarcinoma, malignant melanoma, multiple myeloma and multi-drug resistant cancer.
- The use of a compound as defined in any one of claims 1 to 11, in the manufacture of a medicament for use in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, epilepsy, stroke, Parkinson's disease or spinal injury.
- The use of a compound as defined in any one of claims 1 to 11, in the manufacture of a medicament for use in the treatment of diseases caused by, infectious microorganisms which utilize glycolipids on the surface of cells as receptors for either the organism itself or for toxins produced by the organism, or infectious organisms for which the synthesis of glucosylceramide is an essential or important process.
- The use of a compound as defined in any one of claims 1 to 11, in the manufacture of a medicament for use in the treatment of diseases associated with abnormal glycolipid synthesis.
- The use of a compound as defined in any one of claims 1 to 11, in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of a condition treatable by the administration of a ganglioside.
- The use as claimed in claim 24 wherein the condition is treatable by the administration of a GM1 ganglioside.
- The use of a compound as defined in any one of claims 1 to 11, in the manufacture of a medicament for use in reversibly rendering a male mammal infertile.
- The use of a compound as defined in any one of claims 1 to 11, in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of obesity.
- The use of a compound as defined in any one of claims 1 to 11, in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of inflammatory diseases or disorders associated with macrophage recruitment and activation.
- The use as claimed in claim 28 wherein the inflammatory disease or disorder associated with macrophage recruitment and activation is selected from rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn's disease, asthma and sepsis.
Applications Claiming Priority (7)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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GB0216656A GB0216656D0 (en) | 2002-07-17 | 2002-07-17 | Novel compounds |
GB0216656 | 2002-07-17 | ||
GB0301480 | 2003-01-22 | ||
GB0301480A GB0301480D0 (en) | 2003-01-22 | 2003-01-22 | Novel compounds |
GB0313679A GB0313679D0 (en) | 2003-06-13 | 2003-06-13 | Novel compounds |
GB0313679 | 2003-06-13 | ||
PCT/GB2003/003099 WO2004007453A1 (en) | 2002-07-17 | 2003-07-17 | Piperidinetriol derivatives as inhibitors of glycosylceramide synthase |
Publications (2)
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EP1534676A1 EP1534676A1 (en) | 2005-06-01 |
EP1534676B1 true EP1534676B1 (en) | 2012-09-12 |
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EP03764025A Expired - Lifetime EP1534676B1 (en) | 2002-07-17 | 2003-07-17 | Piperidinetriol derivatives as inhibitors of glycosylceramide synthase |
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US (1) | US7985760B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1534676B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP4575156B2 (en) |
AU (1) | AU2003246942B2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2492404C (en) |
ES (1) | ES2393331T3 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2004007453A1 (en) |
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GB0100889D0 (en) * | 2001-01-12 | 2001-02-21 | Oxford Glycosciences Uk Ltd | Compounds |
AU2003248960B2 (en) * | 2002-07-17 | 2009-06-25 | Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd | Piperidinetriol derivatives as inhibitors of glycosylceramidsynthase |
ES2393331T3 (en) | 2002-07-17 | 2012-12-20 | Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd. | Piperidintriol derivatives as glucosyliceramide synthase inhibitors |
GB0313677D0 (en) | 2003-06-13 | 2003-07-16 | Oxford Glycosciences Uk Ltd | Novel compound |
GB0313678D0 (en) * | 2003-06-13 | 2003-07-16 | Oxford Glycosciences Uk Ltd | Novel compounds |
EP1528056A1 (en) * | 2003-10-29 | 2005-05-04 | Academisch Ziekenhuis bij de Universiteit van Amsterdam | Deoxynojirimycin analogues and their uses as glucosylceramidase inhibitors |
US20060025449A1 (en) * | 2004-03-25 | 2006-02-02 | United Therapeutics | Use of N-substituted imino sugars for appetite suppression |
EP1811991B1 (en) | 2004-11-10 | 2018-11-07 | Genzyme Corporation | Treatment of type 2 diabetes using inhibitors of glycosphingolipid synthesis |
ES2546181T3 (en) * | 2006-05-09 | 2015-09-21 | Genzyme Corporation | Methods of treating fatty liver disease by inhibiting the synthesis of glycosphingolipids |
EP2594564B1 (en) | 2007-05-31 | 2016-09-28 | Genzyme Corporation | 2-acylaminopropanol-type glucosylceramide synthase inhibitors |
KR20160085917A (en) | 2007-10-05 | 2016-07-18 | 젠자임 코포레이션 | Method of treating polycystic kidney diseases with ceramide derivatives |
US8389517B2 (en) * | 2008-07-28 | 2013-03-05 | Genzyme Corporation | Glucosylceramide synthase inhibition for the treatment of collapsing glomerulopathy and other glomerular disease |
CN102271678B (en) | 2008-10-03 | 2017-06-30 | 简詹姆公司 | 2 acylaminopropoanol-type glucosylceramide synthase inhibitors |
WO2011085544A1 (en) * | 2010-01-13 | 2011-07-21 | 安徽辉克药业有限公司 | Compounds which effecttively remove tumor or cancer cell |
BR112013023774B1 (en) * | 2011-03-18 | 2022-01-11 | Genzyme Corporation | GLYCOSYLCERAMIDE SYNTHASE INHIBITORS |
MA37975B2 (en) | 2012-09-11 | 2021-03-31 | Genzyme Corp | Glucosylceramide synthase inhibitors |
SG10201903630UA (en) * | 2014-11-05 | 2019-05-30 | Emergent Virology Llc | Iminosugars useful for the treatment of viral diseases |
US20200262800A1 (en) * | 2015-11-16 | 2020-08-20 | Ptc Therapeutics, Inc. | Hydrogen isotope-enriched analogues of 1,2,4-oxadiazole benzoic acid compounds, compositions and uses thereof |
JP2023525250A (en) * | 2020-05-07 | 2023-06-15 | アレクトス セラピューティックス インコーポレイテッド | Non-lysosomal glucosylceramidase inhibitor and use thereof |
BR112022022564A2 (en) * | 2020-05-07 | 2023-01-17 | Alectos Therapeutics Inc | NON-LYSOSOMIC GLUCOSYLCERAMIDASE INHIBITORS AND USES THEREOF |
TW202220648A (en) | 2020-07-24 | 2022-06-01 | 美商健臻公司 | Pharmaceutical compositions comprising venglustat |
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GB0400812D0 (en) | 2004-01-14 | 2004-02-18 | Celltech R&D Ltd | Novel compounds |
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AU2003246942A1 (en) | 2004-02-02 |
EP1534676A1 (en) | 2005-06-01 |
CA2492404C (en) | 2012-02-07 |
US20060058349A1 (en) | 2006-03-16 |
ES2393331T3 (en) | 2012-12-20 |
CA2492404A1 (en) | 2004-01-22 |
WO2004007453A1 (en) | 2004-01-22 |
AU2003246942B2 (en) | 2009-06-25 |
JP2005536503A (en) | 2005-12-02 |
US7985760B2 (en) | 2011-07-26 |
JP4575156B2 (en) | 2010-11-04 |
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