EP1532368B1 - Compressor in an exhaust-gas turbocharger for an internal combustion engine - Google Patents
Compressor in an exhaust-gas turbocharger for an internal combustion engine Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1532368B1 EP1532368B1 EP03797228A EP03797228A EP1532368B1 EP 1532368 B1 EP1532368 B1 EP 1532368B1 EP 03797228 A EP03797228 A EP 03797228A EP 03797228 A EP03797228 A EP 03797228A EP 1532368 B1 EP1532368 B1 EP 1532368B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- compressor
- adjusting
- ring
- adjusting ring
- diffuser
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D17/00—Regulating or controlling by varying flow
- F01D17/10—Final actuators
- F01D17/12—Final actuators arranged in stator parts
- F01D17/14—Final actuators arranged in stator parts varying effective cross-sectional area of nozzles or guide conduits
- F01D17/16—Final actuators arranged in stator parts varying effective cross-sectional area of nozzles or guide conduits by means of nozzle vanes
- F01D17/165—Final actuators arranged in stator parts varying effective cross-sectional area of nozzles or guide conduits by means of nozzle vanes for radial flow, i.e. the vanes turning around axes which are essentially parallel to the rotor centre line
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D27/00—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids
- F04D27/02—Surge control
- F04D27/0246—Surge control by varying geometry within the pumps, e.g. by adjusting vanes
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/40—Casings; Connections of working fluid
- F04D29/42—Casings; Connections of working fluid for radial or helico-centrifugal pumps
- F04D29/44—Fluid-guiding means, e.g. diffusers
- F04D29/46—Fluid-guiding means, e.g. diffusers adjustable
- F04D29/462—Fluid-guiding means, e.g. diffusers adjustable especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2220/00—Application
- F05D2220/40—Application in turbochargers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2250/00—Geometry
- F05D2250/50—Inlet or outlet
- F05D2250/52—Outlet
Definitions
- the invention relates to a compressor according to the preamble of claim 1.
- Such a compressor is described both in the document US Pat. No. 5,207,559 and in the document US Pat. No. 3,992,128.
- the compressor is fed via a compressor inlet channel fresh air, which is compressed by a compressor in the compressor housing and passed downstream of the compressor in a diffuser.
- the compressor wheel is driven via a shaft by a turbine whose turbine wheel is acted upon by pressurized gas.
- the compressor has a variably adjustable diffuser geometry, which allows, depending on the current operating point of the compressor Changing the geometry of the diffuser downstream of the compressor wheel.
- the diffuser geometry comprises, distributed over the circumference of the diffuser, adjustable guide vanes, which are each rotatably mounted on a stator shaft, and a rotatable adjusting ring with adjusting members which rotate the vane shafts about their longitudinal axes, whereby the position of the guide vanes is variable and thus different flow conditions in the diffuser are to be adjusted.
- the adjusting movement of the adjusting ring is transmitted via the adjusting members on the guide vane shafts, which are mounted fixed to the housing.
- the adjusting members are rotatably received in the adjusting ring and bridge a radial distance between the adjusting ring and the guide vane shafts. Due to the housing-fixed bearing of the guide vane shafts and the distance between the guide vane shafts and the bearing axis of the adjusting a rotational movement of the Versteliring is possible only to a small extent in the context of the bearing clearance of the adjustment. Large positioning movements can not be generated with this actuator. Precise adjustment of the vane position can not be guaranteed safely.
- the invention is based on the problem to provide a generic compressor with variably adjustable diffuser geometry, which is characterized by a simple structural design and exact adjustment.
- the adjustment of the diffuser geometry should be accomplished with high security against jamming or distortion and with low restoring forces.
- the compressor has in the region of the diffuser geometry an adjusting ring with adjusting elements, which act on the guide vanes of the diffuser geometry at a distance from the respective guide shaft in the direction of rotation.
- the force acting on the vanes actuating force of the adjusting causes a torque around the guide vane shaft, which leads to the adjustment of the vanes.
- the guide vane is now subjected to the adjusting force at a distance from its guide vane shaft, whereby for the adjustment of the guide vanes only smaller and better metered actuating forces are needed.
- the useful ring-shaped distributed vanes are acted upon by the adjusting elements in particular in a radially outer region, which has a greater distance from the longitudinal axis of the diffuser geometry than the guide vane shafts.
- the guide vanes are advantageously mounted on a bearing ring, in particular received only on one side of this bearing ring. Because of this one-sided storage on only one side of the compressor spiral or the diffuser in the region of the Ver Togetherrradaustrittes the risk of jamming of the vanes is eliminated, which would otherwise not be excluded in a double-sided storage in the region of opposite diffuser walls due to the significant temperature differences between the diffuser walls.
- a further advantage of the embodiment according to the invention lies in the simple construction and in the small number of components required, in particular on moving components, which also reduces unwanted leaks, particularly in the area of the bearing shaft guides, and improves the efficiency.
- the guide vanes are fork-shaped on their side facing away from the guide shaft and have two forks, between which an open receptacle is formed, in which the adjusting element of the adjusting protrudes.
- the adjusting element is preferably designed as an adjusting pin, which is held firmly on the adjusting ring and adjusted by a rotation of the adjusting ring, the guide vanes about its guide vane shaft by the desired angular amount.
- the guide vanes are adjusted by the desired angular amount about its guide shaft, wherein in the case of a coaxial arrangement of adjusting ring and compressor wheel, the distance of the adjusting elements to the compressor during the adjusting movement remains constant.
- the diffuser geometry which comprises the pivotable guide vanes, mounted directly on a compressor rear wall of the compressor housing, which also limits the end face of the compressor wheel.
- the diffuser geometry may also include the bearing ring, on which the stator shafts are mounted and which is fixed to the housing, in particular is held on the compressor rear wall of the compressor housing.
- At an end face of the bearing ring a plurality of vanes are expediently evenly distributed in the form of a ring provided, the guide vane shafts are rotatably received on the bearing ring.
- Each vane is to be actuated by an associated adjusting element on the adjusting ring, wherein in a preferred embodiment, the adjusting elements on the adjusting engage over the bearing ring on its radial outer side.
- the bearing ring is advantageously arranged between the guide vanes and the adjusting ring, wherein in a preferred embodiment, the bearing ring is rotatably received in the adjusting ring, which is realized either by the fact that the radial outer side of the bearing ring is rotatably mounted on the radially inner side of the adjusting, or This is due to the fact that bearing axially projecting bearing elements are arranged on the bearing ring, which are rotatably mounted on the radially inner side of the adjusting ring.
- the rotational movement of the adjusting ring about the Verstellringachse for adjusting the vanes between the vane end positions is advantageously realized via an engaging on the adjusting push rod, which is to be actuated by an actuator.
- the exhaust gas turbocharger 1 shown in Fig. 1 is suitably used in internal combustion engines and includes an exhaust gas turbine 2, which is arranged in the exhaust line of the internal combustion engine, and a compressor 3, which is located in the intake tract of the internal combustion engine.
- the exhaust gas turbine 2 comprises a turbine wheel 5 to be driven by the exhaust gases of the internal combustion engine to which the exhaust gas under pressure is to be supplied via a spiral channel 6.
- the exhaust gas can leave the exhaust gas turbine 2 axially via a discharge channel 7.
- the rotational movement of the turbine wheel 5 is transmitted via a shaft 8 to a compressor 9 in the compressor housing 15, compressed by the rotational movement of the compressor wheel 9 via an inlet channel 10 combustion air compressed to an increased boost pressure and discharged on the downstream side of the compressor in a radial diffuser 11 ,
- the diffuser 11 terminates in a helical calming channel 12 from which the compressed air is discharged from the compressor and via the suction line the cylinders of the internal combustion engine is supplied.
- the diffuser 11 is embodied as a radially extending, annular outflow channel between the radial outflow region of the compressor wheel 9 and the settling channel 12 and has a variably adjustable diffuser geometry 13, via which the effective cross section of the diffuser 11 in dependence on state and operating variables of the internal combustion engine or from the internal combustion engine associated units is adjustable.
- the flow cross section of the diffuser is changed by acting on the variable diffuser geometry, in particular to increase the compressor working range. This makes it possible to stabilize the compressor operation in the boundary region of the still permissible compressor working range near the stuffing limit, but in particular near the surge limit, so that an inadmissible exceeding the surge limit and thus an undesirable compressor pumps can be avoided.
- the diffuser geometry can be variably adjusted by means of adjustable guide vanes, which are arranged in the diffuser cross section. If appropriate, the diffuser geometry can also be altered by an axial displacement of the diffuser side walls.
- a compressor rear wall 14 forms one of the side walls of the diffuser 11, wherein the compressor rear wall 14 limits both an axial end face of the compressor wheel 9 and the variable diffuser geometry 13.
- variable diffuser geometry 13 can be designed as a prefabricated module, which can be inserted into the diffuser 11.
- the exhaust gas turbine 2 may optionally also be equipped with a variably adjustable turbine geometry, via which a variable adjustment of the effective turbine inlet cross section to the turbine wheel is possible.
- variable diffuser geometry 13 is shown in front of the compressor rear wall 14.
- the variable diffuser geometry 13 comprises a plurality of annularly arranged and evenly distributed over the circumference vanes 16, each having a guide vane shaft 17 and are rotatably mounted about the guide vane shaft 17.
- the guide vane shaft 17 of each vane 16 is rotatably received in a bearing ring 18 which is held fixed to the housing, in particular fixed and immovable to the compressor rear wall 14 is connected.
- the bearing ring 18 is surrounded by a coaxial with the bearing ring arranged adjusting ring 19, wherein the radially inner side of the adjusting ring 19 is rotatably mounted on the radial outer side of the bearing ring 18.
- the adjusting ring 19 has a plurality of adjusting elements 20, which are designed as pins and are located on an axial end face of the adjusting ring 19, wherein in each case an adjusting element 20 of a guide blade 16 is assigned to the bearing ring 18.
- the adjusting ring 19 is acted upon by a designed as a push rod actuator 21 and pivoted about its axis of rotation.
- the actuator 21 is actuated by an actuator, not shown.
- the adjusting elements 20 are adjusted on the adjusting ring 19 in the circumferential direction by a predetermined angle, whereupon the guide vanes 16 are pivoted on the bearing ring 18 by a corresponding angular amount about its guide vane shafts 17.
- the free flow cross section between each two adjacent vanes changes, whereby the pressure ratio between the compressor inlet side and the compressor outlet side changes and in particular the operation of the compressor near the surge line can be affected.
- the guide vane shafts 17 of the guide vanes 16 have a smaller distance from the axis of the bearing ring 18 or the adjusting ring 19 than the adjusting elements 20 on the adjusting ring, which has the consequence that already a relatively small, acting in the circumferential direction of the adjusting force for pivoting the guide vanes to the guide vane enough.
- Each vane 16 is fork-shaped and has two forks 22 and 23, between which a radially outwardly open receptacle 24 is formed, into which in each position of the adjusting 19, the adjusting element 20 protrudes. This ensures that in an adjustment of the adjusting ring 19 in the direction of arrow 25 in each position of the adjusting ring, the movement of the guide vanes 16 is forcibly guided.
- the bearing of the bearing ring 18 in the adjusting ring 19 can be carried out in an alternative embodiment in such a way that connected to the bearing ring and axially projecting beyond the bearing ring bearing elements are rotatably mounted on the radially inner side of the adjusting ring.
- variable diffuser allows by the free adjustability of the adjustable vanes from the respective operating point individually demand-dependent control or controllability of the motor air mass to be supplied or the air ratio ⁇ .
- the particle filter regeneration can be supported by short-term reduction of the air ratio ⁇ and concomitant increase in the engine exhaust temperature of the exhaust gases.
- an individually demand-dependent catalyst operating temperature is adjustable.
- the engine temperature in the starting area can reduce emissions and raised to raise the catalyst operating temperature. Increasing the engine temperature in certain operating ranges can also increase the conversion rate when using an SCR system.
- the variable diffuser also allows the exhaust gas turbocharger speed to be reduced in the event of a larger compressor being used without degrading the surge limit of the compressor.
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf einen Verdichter nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruches 1.The invention relates to a compressor according to the preamble of claim 1.
Ein derartiger Verdichter wird sowohl in der Druckschrift US 5 207 559 als auch in der Druckschrift US 3992128 A beschrieben. Dem Verdichter wird über einen Verdichter-Einströmkanal Frischluft zugeführt, die von einem Verdichterrad im Verdichtergehäuse komprimiert und stromab des Verdichterrades in einen Diffusor geleitet wird. Das Verdichterrad wird über eine Welle von einer Turbine angetrieben, deren Turbinenrad von unter Druck stehendem Gas beaufschlagt wird.Such a compressor is described both in the document US Pat. No. 5,207,559 and in the document US Pat. No. 3,992,128. The compressor is fed via a compressor inlet channel fresh air, which is compressed by a compressor in the compressor housing and passed downstream of the compressor in a diffuser. The compressor wheel is driven via a shaft by a turbine whose turbine wheel is acted upon by pressurized gas.
Um den Arbeitsbereich des Verdichters zu vergrößern, der einerseits im Bereich kleiner Massenströme durch die Pumpgrenze und andererseits im Bereich großer Massenströme durch die Stopfgrenze limitiert ist, weist der Verdichter eine variabel einstellbare Diffusorgeometrie auf, die es erlaubt, in Abhängigkeit des aktuellen Betriebspunktes des Verdichters die Geometrie des Diffusors stromab des Verdichterrades zu verändern. Die Diffusorgeometrie umfasst über den Umfang des Diffusors verteilte, verstellbare Leitschaufeln, die jeweils auf einer Leitschaufelwelle drehbar gelagert sind, sowie einen drehbaren Verstellring mit Verstellgliedern, welche die Leitschaufelwellen um ihre Längsachsen verdrehen, wodurch die Position der Leitschaufeln veränderbar ist und mithin unterschiedliche Strömungsverhältnisse im Diffusor einzustellen sind.To increase the working range of the compressor, which is limited on the one hand in the range of small mass flows through the surge limit and on the other hand in the range of large mass flows through the Stopfgrenze, the compressor has a variably adjustable diffuser geometry, which allows, depending on the current operating point of the compressor Changing the geometry of the diffuser downstream of the compressor wheel. The diffuser geometry comprises, distributed over the circumference of the diffuser, adjustable guide vanes, which are each rotatably mounted on a stator shaft, and a rotatable adjusting ring with adjusting members which rotate the vane shafts about their longitudinal axes, whereby the position of the guide vanes is variable and thus different flow conditions in the diffuser are to be adjusted.
Die Stellbewegung des Verstellringes wird über die Verstellglieder auf die Leitschaufelwellen übertragen, die gehäusefest gelagert sind. Die Verstellglieder sind drehbar im Verstellring aufgenommen und überbrücken einen radialen Abstand zwischen dem Verstellring und den Leitschaufelwellen. Auf Grund der gehäusefesten Lagerung der Leitschaufelwellen und des Abstandes zwischen den Leitschaufelwellen und der Lagerachse der Verstellglieder ist eine Drehbewegung des Versteliringes nur in einem geringen Maße im Rahmen des Lagerspiels der Verstellglieder möglich. Große Stellbewegungen können mit dieser Stelleinrichtung nicht erzeugt werden. Eine präzise Einstellung der Leitschaufelposition kann nicht sicher gewährleistet werden.The adjusting movement of the adjusting ring is transmitted via the adjusting members on the guide vane shafts, which are mounted fixed to the housing. The adjusting members are rotatably received in the adjusting ring and bridge a radial distance between the adjusting ring and the guide vane shafts. Due to the housing-fixed bearing of the guide vane shafts and the distance between the guide vane shafts and the bearing axis of the adjusting a rotational movement of the Versteliring is possible only to a small extent in the context of the bearing clearance of the adjustment. Large positioning movements can not be generated with this actuator. Precise adjustment of the vane position can not be guaranteed safely.
Der Erfindung liegt das Problem zu Grunde, einen gattungsgemäßen Verdichter mit variabel einstellbarer Diffusorgeometrie anzugeben, der sich durch einen einfachen konstruktiven Aufbau und exakte Einstellmöglichkeit auszeichnet. Die Verstellung der Diffusorgeometrie soll zweckmäßig mit hoher Sicherheit gegen Verklemmen oder Verzug und mit geringen Stellkräften zu bewerkstelligen sein.The invention is based on the problem to provide a generic compressor with variably adjustable diffuser geometry, which is characterized by a simple structural design and exact adjustment. The adjustment of the diffuser geometry should be accomplished with high security against jamming or distortion and with low restoring forces.
Dieses Problem wird erfindungsgemäß mit den Merkmalen des Anspruches 1 gelöst. Die Unteransprüche geben zweckmäßige Weiterbildungen an.This problem is solved according to the invention with the features of claim 1. The dependent claims indicate expedient developments.
Der Verdichter besitzt im Bereich der Diffusorgeometrie einen Verstellring mit Verstellelementen, welche die Leitschaufeln der Diffusorgeometrie mit Abstand zur jeweiligen Leitschaufelwelle in Drehrichtung beaufschlagen. Die auf die Leitschaufeln wirkende Stellkraft der Verstellelemente bewirkt ein Drehmoment um die Leitschaufelwelle, welches zu der Verstellung der Leitschaufeln führt. Im Unterschied zum Stand der Technik wird nunmehr die Leitschaufel mit Abstand zu ihrer Leitschaufelwelle mit der Verstellkraft beaufschlagt, wodurch für die Verstellung der Leitschaufeln nur noch geringere und besser dosierbare Stellkräfte benötigt werden. Die zweckmäßig ringförmig verteilten Leitschaufeln werden von den Verstellelementen insbesondere in einem radial außen liegenden Bereich beaufschlagt, welcher einen größeren Abstand zur Längsachse der Diffusorgeometrie aufweist als die Leitschaufelwellen. In dieser Ausführung sind die Leitschaufeln vorteilhaft an einem Lagerring gelagert, insbesondere nur einseitig an diesem Lagerring aufgenommen. Aufgrund dieser einseitigen Lagerung auf nur einer Seite der Verdichterspirale bzw. des Diffusors im Bereich des Verdichterradaustrittes ist die Gefahr eines Verklemmens der Leitschaufeln eliminiert, was andernfalls bei einer doppelseitigen Lagerung im Bereich gegenüberliegender Diffusorwände aufgrund der erheblichen Temperaturunterschiede zwischen den Diffusorwänden nicht auszuschließen wäre.The compressor has in the region of the diffuser geometry an adjusting ring with adjusting elements, which act on the guide vanes of the diffuser geometry at a distance from the respective guide shaft in the direction of rotation. The force acting on the vanes actuating force of the adjusting causes a torque around the guide vane shaft, which leads to the adjustment of the vanes. In contrast to the prior art, the guide vane is now subjected to the adjusting force at a distance from its guide vane shaft, whereby for the adjustment of the guide vanes only smaller and better metered actuating forces are needed. The useful ring-shaped distributed vanes are acted upon by the adjusting elements in particular in a radially outer region, which has a greater distance from the longitudinal axis of the diffuser geometry than the guide vane shafts. In this embodiment, the guide vanes are advantageously mounted on a bearing ring, in particular received only on one side of this bearing ring. Because of this one-sided storage on only one side of the compressor spiral or the diffuser in the region of the Verdichterradaustrittes the risk of jamming of the vanes is eliminated, which would otherwise not be excluded in a double-sided storage in the region of opposite diffuser walls due to the significant temperature differences between the diffuser walls.
Ein weiterer Vorteil der erfindungsgemäßen Ausführung liegt in der einfachen Konstruktion sowie in der geringen Anzahl an erforderlichen Bauteilen, insbesondere an beweglichen Bauteilen, wodurch auch unerwünschte Leckagen insbesondere im Bereich der Lagerwellenführungen reduziert werden und der Wirkungsgrad verbessert wird.A further advantage of the embodiment according to the invention lies in the simple construction and in the small number of components required, in particular on moving components, which also reduces unwanted leaks, particularly in the area of the bearing shaft guides, and improves the efficiency.
Gemäß einer vorteilhaften Ausführung sind die Leitschaufeln auf ihrer der Leitschaufelwelle abgewandten Seite gabelförmig ausgeführt und besitzen zwei Gabelzinken, zwischen denen eine offene Aufnahme gebildet ist, in die das Verstellelement des Verstellringes einragt. Das Verstellelement ist bevorzugt als Verstellstift ausgeführt, der fest am Verstellring gehalten ist und durch eine Drehung des Verstellringes die Leitschaufeln um ihre Leitschaufelwelle um den gewünschten Winkelbetrag verstellt. Diese konstruktiv einfache Ausführung zeichnet sich durch eine hohe Zuverlässigkeit aus.According to an advantageous embodiment, the guide vanes are fork-shaped on their side facing away from the guide shaft and have two forks, between which an open receptacle is formed, in which the adjusting element of the adjusting protrudes. The adjusting element is preferably designed as an adjusting pin, which is held firmly on the adjusting ring and adjusted by a rotation of the adjusting ring, the guide vanes about its guide vane shaft by the desired angular amount. This structurally simple design is characterized by a high reliability.
Über eine Drehung des Verstellringes werden die Leitschaufeln um den gewünschten Winkelbetrag um ihre Leitschaufelwelle verstellt, wobei im Falle einer koaxialen Anordnung von Verstellring und Verdichterrad der Abstand der Verstellelemente zum Verdichterrad während der Stellbewegung konstant bleibt.About a rotation of the adjusting ring, the guide vanes are adjusted by the desired angular amount about its guide shaft, wherein in the case of a coaxial arrangement of adjusting ring and compressor wheel, the distance of the adjusting elements to the compressor during the adjusting movement remains constant.
Zweckmäßig ist die Diffusorgeometrie, welche die schwenkbaren Leitschaufeln umfasst, unmittelbar an einer Verdichterrückwand des Verdichtergehäuses gelagert, welche auch die Stirnseite des Verdichterrades begrenzt. Die Diffusorgeometrie kann darüber hinaus auch den Lagerring umfassen, an welchem die Leitschaufelwellen gelagert sind und der gehäusefest positioniert ist, insbesondere an der Verdichterrückwand des Verdichtergehäuses gehalten ist. An einer Stirnseite des Lagerringes sind zweckmäßig gleichmäßig in Ringform verteilt eine Mehrzahl von Leitschaufeln vorgesehen, deren Leitschaufelwellen drehbar am Lagerring aufgenommen sind. Jede Leitschaufel ist von einem zugeordneten Verstellelement am Verstellring zu betätigen, wobei in bevorzugter Ausführung die Verstellelemente am Verstellring den Lagerring auf dessen radialer Außenseite übergreifen. Der Lagerring ist hierbei vorteilhaft zwischen den Leitschaufeln und dem Verstellring angeordnet, wobei in einer bevorzugten Ausführung der Lagerring drehbar im Verstellring aufgenommen ist, was entweder dadurch zu realisieren ist, dass die radiale Außenseite des Lagerringes drehbar auf der radialen Innenseite des Verstellringes gelagert ist, oder dadurch zustande kommt, dass am Lagerring axial überstehende Lagerelemente angeordnet sind, die drehbar auf der radialen Innenseite des Verstellringes gelagert sind.Suitably, the diffuser geometry, which comprises the pivotable guide vanes, mounted directly on a compressor rear wall of the compressor housing, which also limits the end face of the compressor wheel. The diffuser geometry may also include the bearing ring, on which the stator shafts are mounted and which is fixed to the housing, in particular is held on the compressor rear wall of the compressor housing. At an end face of the bearing ring a plurality of vanes are expediently evenly distributed in the form of a ring provided, the guide vane shafts are rotatably received on the bearing ring. Each vane is to be actuated by an associated adjusting element on the adjusting ring, wherein in a preferred embodiment, the adjusting elements on the adjusting engage over the bearing ring on its radial outer side. The bearing ring is advantageously arranged between the guide vanes and the adjusting ring, wherein in a preferred embodiment, the bearing ring is rotatably received in the adjusting ring, which is realized either by the fact that the radial outer side of the bearing ring is rotatably mounted on the radially inner side of the adjusting, or This is due to the fact that bearing axially projecting bearing elements are arranged on the bearing ring, which are rotatably mounted on the radially inner side of the adjusting ring.
Die Drehbewegung des Verstellringes um die Verstellringachse zur Verstellung der Leitschaufeln zwischen den Leitschaufel-Endpositionen wird zweckmäßig über eine am Verstellring angreifende Schubstange realisiert, welche von einem Aktuator zu betätigen ist.The rotational movement of the adjusting ring about the Verstellringachse for adjusting the vanes between the vane end positions is advantageously realized via an engaging on the adjusting push rod, which is to be actuated by an actuator.
Weitere Vorteile und zweckmäßige Ausführungen sind den weiteren Ansprüchen, der Figurenbeschreibung und den Zeichnungen zu entnehmen. Es zeigen:
- Fig. 1
- einen Schnitt durch einen Abgasturbolader mit einem Verdichter und einer Abgasturbine, wobei der Verdichter im Bereich des Verdichterradaustrittes einen Diffusor mit variabel einstellbarer Diffusorgeometrie aufweist,
- Fig. 2
- einen Schnitt gemäß Schnittlinie II-II aus Fig. 1 mit einer Darstellung der variablen Diffusorgeometrie einschließlich eines Stellorgans zur Betätigung der Diffusorgeometrie.
- Fig. 1
- a section through an exhaust gas turbocharger with a compressor and an exhaust gas turbine, wherein the compressor in the region of the Verdichterradaustrittes has a diffuser with variably adjustable diffuser geometry,
- Fig. 2
- a section along section line II-II of Figure 1 with a representation of the variable diffuser geometry including an actuator for actuating the diffuser.
Der in Fig. 1 dargestellte Abgasturbolader 1 wird zweckmäßig in Brennkraftmaschinen eingesetzt und umfasst eine Abgasturbine 2, welche im Abgasstrang der Brennkraftmaschine angeordnet ist, sowie einen Verdichter 3, der im Ansaugtrakt der Brennkraftmaschine liegt. Die Abgasturbine 2 umfasst in einem Turbinengehäuse 4 ein von den Abgasen der Brennkraftmaschine anzutreibendes Turbinenrad 5, dem das unter Druck stehende Abgas über einen Spiralkanal 6 zuzuführen ist. Auf der Abströmseite kann das Abgas die Abgasturbine 2 über einen Abströmkanal 7 axial verlassen. Die Drehbewegung des Turbinenrades 5 wird über eine Welle 8 auf ein Verdichterrad 9 im Verdichtergehäuse 15 übertragen, wobei durch die Drehbewegung des Verdichterrades 9 über einen Einströmkanal 10 heranzuführende Verbrennungsluft auf einen erhöhten Ladedruck verdichtet und auf der Abströmseite des Verdichterrades in einen radialen Diffusor 11 abgeleitet wird. Der Diffusor 11 mündet in einen spiralförmigen Beruhigungskanal 12, aus dem die verdichtete Luft aus dem Verdichter abgeleitet und über die Ansaugleitung den Zylindern der Brennkraftmaschine zugeführt wird.The exhaust gas turbocharger 1 shown in Fig. 1 is suitably used in internal combustion engines and includes an exhaust gas turbine 2, which is arranged in the exhaust line of the internal combustion engine, and a compressor 3, which is located in the intake tract of the internal combustion engine. In a turbine housing 4, the exhaust gas turbine 2 comprises a
Der Diffusor 11 ist als ein sich radial erstreckender, ringförmiger Abströmkanal zwischen dem radialen Abströmbereich des Verdichterrades 9 und dem Beruhigungskanal 12 ausgeführt und weist eine variabel einstellbare Diffusorgeometrie 13 auf, über die der wirksame Querschnitt des Diffusors 11 in Abhängigkeit von Zustands- und Betriebsgrößen der Brennkraftmaschine bzw. von der Brennkraftmaschine zugeordneten Aggregaten einstellbar ist. Der Strömungsquerschnitt des Diffusors wird durch eine Beaufschlagung der variablen Diffusorgeometrie insbesondere zur Vergrößerung des Verdichterarbeitsbereiches verändert. Hierdurch ist es möglich, den Verdichterbetrieb im Grenzbereich des noch zulässigen Verdichterarbeitsbereichs nahe der Stopfgrenze, insbesondere aber auch nahe der Pumpgrenze zu stabilisieren, so dass ein unzulässiges Überschreiten der Pumpgrenze und damit auch ein unerwünschtes Verdichterpumpen vermieden werden kann.The diffuser 11 is embodied as a radially extending, annular outflow channel between the radial outflow region of the compressor wheel 9 and the settling
Die Diffusorgeometrie ist im Ausführungsbeispiel über verstellbare Leitschaufeln veränderlich einzustellen, welche im Diffusorquerschnitt angeordnet sind. Die Diffusorgeometrie kann gegebenenfalls aber auch durch eine axiale Verschiebung der Diffusorseitenwände verändert werden. Im Ausführungsbeispiel bildet eine Verdichterrückwand 14 eine der Seitenwände des Diffusors 11, wobei die Verdichterrückwand 14 sowohl eine axiale Stirnseite des Verdichterrades 9 als auch die variable Diffusorgeometrie 13 begrenzt.In the exemplary embodiment, the diffuser geometry can be variably adjusted by means of adjustable guide vanes, which are arranged in the diffuser cross section. If appropriate, the diffuser geometry can also be altered by an axial displacement of the diffuser side walls. In the exemplary embodiment, a compressor
Die variable Diffusorgeometrie 13 kann als vorgefertigtes Modul ausgeführt sein, welches in den Diffusor 11 eingesetzt werden kann.The
Die Abgasturbine 2 kann gegebenenfalls auch mit einer variabel einstellbaren Turbinengeometrie ausgestattet sein, über die eine veränderliche Einstellung des wirksamen Turbineneintrittsquerschnittes zum Turbinenrad möglich ist.The exhaust gas turbine 2 may optionally also be equipped with a variably adjustable turbine geometry, via which a variable adjustment of the effective turbine inlet cross section to the turbine wheel is possible.
In Fig. 2 ist die variable Diffusorgeometrie 13 vor der Verdichterrückwand 14 dargestellt. Die variable Diffusorgeometrie 13 umfasst eine Mehrzahl von ringförmig angeordneten und gleichmäßig über den Umfang verteilten Leitschaufeln 16, die jeweils eine Leitschaufelwelle 17 aufweisen und um die Leitschaufelwelle 17 drehbar gelagert sind. Die Leitschaufelwelle 17 jeder Leitschaufel 16 ist in einem Lagerring 18 drehbar aufgenommen, welcher gehäusefest gehalten ist, insbesondere fest und unbeweglich mit der Verdichterrückwand 14 verbunden ist. Der Lagerring 18 ist von einem koaxial zum Lagerring angeordneten Verstellring 19 umgriffen, wobei die radial innen liegende Seite des Verstellringes 19 drehbar auf der radialen Außenseite des Lagerringes 18 gelagert ist. Der Verstellring 19 besitzt eine Mehrzahl von Verstellelementen 20, welche als Stifte ausgebildet sind und sich an einer axialen Stirnseite des Verstellringes 19 befinden, wobei jeweils ein Verstellelement 20 einer Leitschaufel 16 am Lagerring 18 zugeordnet ist. Der Verstellring 19 wird von einem als Schubstange ausgeführten Stellglied 21 beaufschlagt und um seine Drehachse verschwenkt. Das Stellglied 21 wird von einem nicht dargestellten Aktuator betätigt. Bei einer Drehbewegung des Verstellringes 19 werden die Verstellelemente 20 am Verstellring 19 in Umfangsrichtung um einen vorgegebenen Winkelbetrag verstellt, woraufhin die Leitschaufeln 16 am Lagerring 18 um einen entsprechenden Winkelbetrag um ihre Leitschaufelwellen 17 verschwenkt werden. Bei einer Schwenkbewegung des Leitschaufeln 16 ändert sich der freie Strömungsquerschnitt zwischen jeweils zwei benachbarten Leitschaufeln, wodurch sich auch das Druckverhältnis zwischen Verdichtereintrittsseite und Verdichteraustrittsseite verändert und insbesondere der Betrieb des Verdichters nahe der Pumpgrenze beeinflusst werden kann. Die Leitschaufelwellen 17 der Leitschaufeln 16 weisen zur Achse des Lagerringes 18 bzw. des Verstellringes 19 einen geringeren Abstand auf als die Verstellelemente 20 am Verstellring, was zur Folge hat, dass bereits eine verhältnismäßig geringe, in Umfangsrichtung wirkende Stellkraft zur Verschwenkung der Leitschaufeln um die Leitschaufelwellen genügt.2, the
Jede Leitschaufel 16 ist gabelförmig ausgebildet und weist zwei Gabelzinken 22 und 23 auf, zwischen denen eine radial nach außen offene Aufnahme 24 gebildet ist, in die in jeder Position des Verstellringes 19 das Verstellelement 20 einragt. Dadurch ist sichergestellt, dass bei einer Verstellung des Verstellringes 19 in Pfeilrichtung 25 in jeder Position des Verstellringes die Bewegung der Leitschaufeln 16 zwangsgeführt ist.Each
Die Lagerung des Lagerringes 18 im Verstellring 19 kann in einer alternativen Ausführung auch in der Weise durchgeführt werden, dass mit dem Lagerring verbundene und axial über den Lagerring überstehende Lagerelemente drehbar auf der radialen Innenseite des Verstellringes gelagert sind.The bearing of the
Der variable Diffusor erlaubt durch die freie Einstellbarkeit der verstellbaren Leitschaufeln eine vom jeweiligen Betriebspunkt individuell bedarfsabhängige Regel- bzw. Steuerbarkeit der dem Motor zuzuführenden Luftmasse bzw. des Luftverhältnisses λ. Hierdurch kann die Partikelfilterregeneration durch kurzzeitige Absenkung des Luftverhältnisses λ und damit einhergehende Erhöhung der Motoraustrittstemperatur der Abgase unterstützt werden. Außerdem ist eine individuell bedarfsabhängige Katalysator-Betriebstemperatur einstellbar. Des Weiteren kann die Motortemperatur im Startbereich zur Emissionsminderung und zur Anhebung der Katalysator-Betriebstemperatur angehoben werden. Über die Anhebung der Motortemperatur in bestimmten Betriebsbereichen kann auch die Konvertierungsrate bei Verwendung eines SCR-Systems angehoben werden. Der variable Diffusor erlaubt außerdem die Absenkung der Abgasturboladerdrehzahl im Falle eines Einsatzes eines größeren Verdichters ohne Verschlechterung der Pumpgrenze des Verdichters. The variable diffuser allows by the free adjustability of the adjustable vanes from the respective operating point individually demand-dependent control or controllability of the motor air mass to be supplied or the air ratio λ. As a result, the particle filter regeneration can be supported by short-term reduction of the air ratio λ and concomitant increase in the engine exhaust temperature of the exhaust gases. In addition, an individually demand-dependent catalyst operating temperature is adjustable. Furthermore, the engine temperature in the starting area can reduce emissions and raised to raise the catalyst operating temperature. Increasing the engine temperature in certain operating ranges can also increase the conversion rate when using an SCR system. The variable diffuser also allows the exhaust gas turbocharger speed to be reduced in the event of a larger compressor being used without degrading the surge limit of the compressor.
Claims (8)
- A compressor, in particular a compressor in an exhaust-gas turbocharger for an internal combustion engine, having a compressor impeller (9) mounted in a compressor housing (15) in such a manner that it is able to rotate and a diffuser (11) positioned downstream of the compressor impeller (9) with variably adjustable diffuser geometry (13) which comprises adjustable guide blades (16) which are mounted on a guide blade shaft (17) in such a manner that they are able to rotate, and a rotating adjusting ring (19) which impinges on the guide blades (16), the adjusting ring (19) having adjusting elements (20) which impinge on the guide blades (16) a certain distance from said guide blade shaft (17) in the direction of rotation,
characterised in that
the sides of the guide blades (16) facing away from the guide blade shaft (17) are fork-shaped in design and have two fork prongs (22, 23) between which is formed an open receiver (24) into which projects the adjusting element (20) of the adjusting ring (19). - A compressor in accordance with claim 1,
characterised in that
the diffuser geometry (13) is mounted directly on a rear compressor wall (14) of the compressor housing (15) on the outflow side of the compressor impeller (9). - A compressor in accordance with claim 1 or 2,
characterised in that
one side of the guide blade shaft (17) is mounted on a bearing ring (18). - A compressor in accordance with claim 3,
characterised in that
the bearing ring (18) is positioned between the guide blades (16) and the adjusting ring (19). - A compressor in accordance with claim 3,
characterised in that
at the adjusting ring (19) the adjusting elements (20) overlap the radial outside of the bearing ring (18). - A compressor in accordance with claim 3 or 4,
characterised in that
the adjusting ring (19) is mounted on the bearing ring (18). - A compressor in accordance with claim 5,
characterised in that
the bearing ring (18) is received in the adjusting ring (19) and the radial outside of the bearing ring (18) is mounted on the radial inside of the adjusting ring (19) in such a manner that it is able to rotate. - A compressor in accordance claim 5,
characterised in that
positioned on the bearing ring (18) are axially projecting bearing elements which are mounted on the radial inside of the adjusting ring (19) in such a manner that they are able to rotate.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE10238658 | 2002-08-23 | ||
| DE10238658A DE10238658A1 (en) | 2002-08-23 | 2002-08-23 | Compressor, especially, for exhaust turbocharger for IC engines has adjusting ring with adjusting elements to charge diffuser body guide blades at a distance to blade shaft |
| PCT/EP2003/008741 WO2004027265A1 (en) | 2002-08-23 | 2003-08-07 | Compressor in an exhaust-gas turbocharger for an internal combustion engine |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1532368A1 EP1532368A1 (en) | 2005-05-25 |
| EP1532368B1 true EP1532368B1 (en) | 2006-05-10 |
Family
ID=31501877
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP03797228A Expired - Fee Related EP1532368B1 (en) | 2002-08-23 | 2003-08-07 | Compressor in an exhaust-gas turbocharger for an internal combustion engine |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US7186077B2 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP1532368B1 (en) |
| DE (2) | DE10238658A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2004027265A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (17)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102004057864A1 (en) * | 2004-11-30 | 2006-06-01 | Borgwarner Inc.(N.D.Ges.D.Staates Delaware), Auburn Hills | Exhaust gas turbocharger, distributor for an exhaust gas turbocharger and blade lever for a distributor |
| DE102007023915B4 (en) | 2006-06-09 | 2019-07-04 | Borgwarner Inc. | Turbocharger and compressor for turbocharger |
| DE102007025128A1 (en) * | 2007-05-30 | 2008-12-04 | Mahle International Gmbh | loader |
| CN102149911A (en) * | 2008-09-25 | 2011-08-10 | 博格华纳公司 | Turbocharger and adjustment ring therefor |
| US8118545B2 (en) * | 2008-10-01 | 2012-02-21 | Kansas State University Research Foundation | Variable geometry turbocharger |
| US8540484B2 (en) * | 2010-07-23 | 2013-09-24 | United Technologies Corporation | Low mass diffuser vane |
| JP5744308B2 (en) * | 2011-03-24 | 2015-07-08 | ピールブルグ パンプ テクノロジー ゲゼルシャフト ミット ベシュレンクテル ハフツングＰｉｅｒｂｕｒｇ Ｐｕｍｐ Ｔｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙ ＧｍｂＨ | Mechanical coolant pump |
| JP6134715B2 (en) * | 2011-08-24 | 2017-05-24 | ボーグワーナー インコーポレーテッド | Air supply device for fuel cell |
| KR101193871B1 (en) | 2012-02-24 | 2012-10-26 | 한국터보기계(주) | Turbo compressor having variable diffuser |
| US10030669B2 (en) * | 2014-06-26 | 2018-07-24 | General Electric Company | Apparatus for transferring energy between a rotating element and fluid |
| DE102015203171A1 (en) * | 2015-02-23 | 2016-08-25 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Exhaust-driven turbocharged internal combustion engine comprising a centrifugal compressor with arranged in the diffuser guide and method for operating such an internal combustion engine |
| US10655629B2 (en) | 2016-12-14 | 2020-05-19 | Hanwha Aerospace Co., Ltd. | Variable vane apparatus |
| DE102017118950A1 (en) * | 2017-08-18 | 2019-02-21 | Abb Turbo Systems Ag | Diffuser for a centrifugal compressor |
| US10883379B2 (en) * | 2018-05-11 | 2021-01-05 | Rolls-Royce Corporation | Variable diffuser having a respective penny for each vane |
| US11092167B2 (en) * | 2018-08-28 | 2021-08-17 | Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp. | Variable vane actuating system |
| US11092032B2 (en) * | 2018-08-28 | 2021-08-17 | Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp. | Variable vane actuating system |
| US11371380B2 (en) | 2020-12-01 | 2022-06-28 | Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp. | Variable guide vane assembly and vane arms therefor |
Family Cites Families (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1211746B (en) * | 1956-01-07 | 1966-03-03 | Dresser Ind | Device for adjusting radial guide vanes of a centrifugal compressor |
| DE2442896A1 (en) * | 1974-09-07 | 1976-03-18 | Daimler Benz Ag | Centrifugal blower has radially outward exit guide vanes - tangentially adjustable to alter angle of entry into guide vanes |
| US3992128A (en) * | 1975-06-09 | 1976-11-16 | General Motors Corporation | Variable diffuser |
| US4325673A (en) * | 1980-03-10 | 1982-04-20 | General Motors Corporation | Variable vane seal |
| US4403913A (en) * | 1981-11-03 | 1983-09-13 | Helsingoer Vaerft A/S | Guide blade arrangement for adjustable guide blades |
| US4657476A (en) * | 1984-04-11 | 1987-04-14 | Turbotech, Inc. | Variable area turbine |
| US4780049A (en) * | 1986-06-02 | 1988-10-25 | Palmer Lynn D | Compressor |
| FR2599436A1 (en) * | 1987-06-01 | 1987-12-04 | Teledyne Ind | Diffuser |
| US5207559A (en) * | 1991-07-25 | 1993-05-04 | Allied-Signal Inc. | Variable geometry diffuser assembly |
-
2002
- 2002-08-23 DE DE10238658A patent/DE10238658A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2003
- 2003-08-07 WO PCT/EP2003/008741 patent/WO2004027265A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2003-08-07 EP EP03797228A patent/EP1532368B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-08-07 DE DE50303308T patent/DE50303308D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2005
- 2005-02-23 US US11/064,417 patent/US7186077B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP1532368A1 (en) | 2005-05-25 |
| WO2004027265A1 (en) | 2004-04-01 |
| DE10238658A1 (en) | 2004-03-11 |
| US20050207885A1 (en) | 2005-09-22 |
| DE50303308D1 (en) | 2006-06-14 |
| US7186077B2 (en) | 2007-03-06 |
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