EP1530974A1 - Process for the sterilisation of soil - Google Patents
Process for the sterilisation of soil Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1530974A1 EP1530974A1 EP04017137A EP04017137A EP1530974A1 EP 1530974 A1 EP1530974 A1 EP 1530974A1 EP 04017137 A EP04017137 A EP 04017137A EP 04017137 A EP04017137 A EP 04017137A EP 1530974 A1 EP1530974 A1 EP 1530974A1
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- Prior art keywords
- soil
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- oder
- diisocyanate
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0256—Ground coverings
- A01G13/0268—Mats or sheets, e.g. nets or fabrics
- A01G13/0275—Films
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G11/00—Sterilising soil by steam
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2/00—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor
- A61L2/02—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor using physical phenomena
- A61L2/04—Heat
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/06—Reclamation of contaminated soil thermally
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/52—Mulches
Definitions
- the invention relates to methods for heating soil, preferably agricultural land, particularly preferred arable land, in particular Vegetable cultivation land or fruit growing land, in particular warming by solar energy. Moreover, the invention relates to the use of films based on thermoplastic polyurethane for covering and heating soil, preferably agricultural land, particularly preferred arable land, in particular Vegetable growing land or fruit growing land.
- Object of the present invention was to provide a simple, fast and Efficient, cheap and environmentally friendly method of sterilizing Soil, preferably agricultural land, particularly preferred arable land, especially to develop vegetable land or fruit growing land.
- This task could be solved by covering the soil with a foil covering on the basis of thermoplastic polyurethane and by heating the upper soil layer at least partially sterilizes the soil.
- the inventive method can be applied both to the use of chemical Tools are dispensed as well as on a costly soil removal and Sterilization in external equipment, e.g. Ovens.
- thermoplastic polyurethane offers the advantage that it has a higher Temperature in the soil is reached.
- polyethylene films with the addition of IR Absorbem is not reached a satisfactory temperature in the soil, so are the necessary sterilization times are still too long.
- the achievable with the TPU film Temperature is sufficient in good sunlight, the soil in more satisfactory Depth to sterilize.
- Thermal killing of pests is a function of temperature and time, the lower the temperatures, the longer the sterilization time.
- the solar energy Even in warm regions such as southern Europe, the soil can only be used for a short time to warm up to temperatures in the sterilization area, as during the course of a day / night Cycle the soil cools down too quickly again.
- the heat introduced into the soil during the day preferably also in the night To be kept in the ground.
- the soil is over to a depth of 40 cm a time of at least one week, preferably 1 to 8 weeks, more preferably 2 to 3 weeks warmed to a temperature of at least 40 ° C on average.
- the film is preferably over a period of 1 to 8 weeks days leave the soil.
- the film is preferably single-layered or double-layered directly on laid the soil and preferably attached to the edge by soil for fixation and Seal.
- the film can also be placed in a layer directly on the ground and the second layer can be stretched as a tunnel over it.
- films preferably, which are transparent.
- the film has a thickness between 0.005 mm and 1 mm, particularly preferably between 0.03 mm and 0.08 mm, in particular between 0.05 mm and 0.08 mm.
- films which have at least 1 layer are preferably colored, if appropriate are but preferably transparent to translucent and have a thickness of 0.005 mm to 1.000 mm.
- thermoplastic polyurethane hereinafter also referred to as TPU
- TPU thermoplastic polyurethane
- the TPUs according to the invention preferably have one at least partially crystalline soft phase.
- TPU are characterized by good ones Strengths, Abriebe, tear strengths and chemical resistance from, and can be produced in almost any hardness by suitable raw material composition become.
- TPUs offer the advantage of cost-effective production, for example, after the belt or the reaction extruder process, the continuous or discontinuous, and simple thermoplastic processing.
- the production of films from the thermoplastic polyurethane for example by extrusion, e.g. using conventional blow heads or slot dies is well known to those skilled in the art.
- the preparation is carried out by the reaction of (a) diisocyanates, in the present case, preferably aliphatic diisocyanates, with (b) over isocyanates reactive compounds having a molecular weight of 500 g / mol to 8000 g / mol optionally in the presence of (c) chain extenders with a molecular weight of 60 g / mol to 499 g / mol, (d) catalysts and / or (e) conventional excipients.
- diisocyanates in the present case, preferably aliphatic diisocyanates
- over isocyanates reactive compounds having a molecular weight of 500 g / mol to 8000 g / mol optionally in the presence of (c) chain extenders with a molecular weight of 60 g / mol to 499 g / mol, (d) catalysts and / or (e) conventional excipients.
- the assembly components (b) and (c) can be used in be varied relatively wide molar ratios. Proved to have molar Ratios of component (b) to total chain extenders to be used (c) from 1: 0.5 to 1: 8, in particular from 1: 1 to 1: 4, wherein the hardness of the TPUs increase with increasing content of (c).
- the implementation for the production of TPU can be at a ratio of 0.8 to 1.2: 1, preferably at a ratio of 0.9 to 1: 1. The ratio is defined by the ratio of the total at the reaction used isocyanate groups of component (a) to the opposite Isocyanate-reactive groups, i.
- thermoplastic polyurethane is usually carried out in the one-shot or Prepolymer process on the belt plant or on the reaction extruder. In this case, the components (a), (b) and (c) and optionally chain terminators together or in a specific order combined and reacted.
- chain terminating agents e.g. at Temperatures of 100 to 250 ° C, preferably 140 to 220 ° C reacted, the resulting TPU is extruded, cooled and granulated.
- the production of the TPU film can be done by well-known methods.
- chain stopper with a Molecular weight of 46 to 499 can be used.
- chain terminators are Compounds containing only one isocyanate-reactive functional group such as e.g. Monoalcohols. By such chain stopper, the flow behavior be targeted.
- thermoplastic polyurethane-based film which has the following properties: good light transmission for UV-vis radiation and high absorption / reflection of IR radiation, preferably in the wavenumber range 500 to 1500 cm -1 .
- the film is UV stabilized.
- the film is equipped with a conventional anti-fog additive.
- the film has a high tear and tear propagation resistance. Especially such a film has been found to be particularly suitable in agricultural use, since thermoplastic polyurethanes already have a naturally good light transmission for UV vis radiation and a high absorption / reflection of IR radiation preferably in the wavenumber range 500 to 1500 cm -1 .
- the inventive method is thus based on the fact that the film during the day as high as possible warming of the soil by the solar energy permits and at night, a cooling of the soil prevented by the average temperature Increase in soil (principle of the greenhouse effect).
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
- Protection Of Plants (AREA)
- Polyurethanes Or Polyureas (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf Verfahren zur Erwärmung von Erdreich, bevorzugt landwirtschaftlich genutztem Land, besonders bevorzugt Ackerland, insbesondere Gemüseanbauland oder Obstanbauland, insbesondere Erwärmung durch die Sonnenenergie. Außerdem betrifft die Erfindung die Verwendung von Folien auf der Basis von thermoplastischem Polyurethan zur Abdeckung und Erwärmung von Erdreich, bevorzugt landwirtschaftlich genutztem Land, besonders bevorzugt Ackerland, insbesondere Gemüseanbauland oder Obstanbauland.The invention relates to methods for heating soil, preferably agricultural land, particularly preferred arable land, in particular Vegetable cultivation land or fruit growing land, in particular warming by solar energy. Moreover, the invention relates to the use of films based on thermoplastic polyurethane for covering and heating soil, preferably agricultural land, particularly preferred arable land, in particular Vegetable growing land or fruit growing land.
Im Obst- und Gemüsebau muss vor der Bepflanzung oft eine Entseuchung des Erdreiches vorgenommen werden. Hier gilt es der Pflanze schadende Bakterien wie z.B. Nematoden im Erdreich bis zu 50 cm Tiefe abzutöten.In fruit and vegetable growing often requires a decontamination of the soil before planting be made. Here it is the plant harmful bacteria such. Kill nematodes in soil up to 50 cm depth.
Es sind zwei Methoden bekannt, welche einzeln oder kombiniert zur Bodensterilisation
angewandt werden:
Es ist somit bekannt, Boden physikalisch oder physikalisch/chemisch zu sterilisieren durch Abdeckung mit Folien aus hauptsächlich PE + Additiven aber auch PP + Additiven, PVC + Additiven und ETFE. Diese Folien sollen tagsüber eine hohe Erwärmung des Erdreiches durch die Sonnenenergie zulassen und die so eingebrachte Wärme zu Zeiten von wenig oder keiner zugeführten Sonnenenergie (nachts) im Erdreich halten. So kann sich die Durchschnittstemperatur im Erdreich langsam erhöhen (Prinzip: Treibhauseffekt) bis sie ausreicht um die thermische Abtötung von Schädlingen hervorzurufen. Oben beschriebenen Systeme brauchen heute sehr lange und eine sehr hohe Sonnenintensität um die benötigten Sterilisationstemperaturen zu erreichen und sind somit nicht zuverlässig.It is thus known to sterilize soil physically or physically / chemically by covering with films of mainly PE + additives but also PP + additives, PVC + additives and ETFE. These foils should during the day a high warming of the earth by the solar energy and allow the introduced heat at times of little or no supplied solar energy (at night) in the ground hold. So the average temperature in the soil can increase slowly (Principle: greenhouse effect) until it is sufficient for the thermal killing of pests cause. The systems described above take a very long time today a very high sun intensity around the required sterilization temperatures too reach and are therefore not reliable.
Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung war es, ein einfaches, möglichst schnelles und effizientes sowie günstiges und umweltfreundliches Verfahren zur Sterilisierung von Erdreich, bevorzugt landwirtschaftlich genutztem Land, besonders bevorzugt Ackerland, insbesondere Gemüseanbauland oder Obstanbauland zu entwickeln.Object of the present invention was to provide a simple, fast and Efficient, cheap and environmentally friendly method of sterilizing Soil, preferably agricultural land, particularly preferred arable land, especially to develop vegetable land or fruit growing land.
Diese Aufgabe konnte dadurch gelöst werden, dass man das Erdreich mit einer Folie auf der Basis von thermoplastischem Polyurethan abdeckt und durch die Erwärmung der oberen Bodenschicht das Erdreich zumindest partiell sterilisiert.This task could be solved by covering the soil with a foil covering on the basis of thermoplastic polyurethane and by heating the upper soil layer at least partially sterilizes the soil.
Durch das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren kann sowohl auf den Einsatz von chemischen Hilfsmitteln verzichtet werden als auch auf eine aufwendige Bodenentfernung und Sterilisierung in extemen Einrichtungen, z.B. Öfen.The inventive method can be applied both to the use of chemical Tools are dispensed as well as on a costly soil removal and Sterilization in external equipment, e.g. Ovens.
Der erfindungsgemäße Einsatz von Folien auf der Basis von thermoplastischem Polyurethan (TPU) bietet den Vorteil, dass im Vergleich zu bekannten Folien eine höhere Temperatur im Erdreich erreicht wird. Mit Folien aus Polyethylen unter Zusatz von IR-Absorbem wird keine befriedigende Temperatur im Erdreich erreicht, damit sind die notwendigen Sterilisationszeiten noch zu lang. Die mit der TPU-Folie erzielbare Temperatur reicht bei guter Sonneneinstrahlung aus, das Erdreich in befriedigender Tiefe zu sterilisieren.The inventive use of films based on thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) offers the advantage that it has a higher Temperature in the soil is reached. With polyethylene films with the addition of IR Absorbem is not reached a satisfactory temperature in the soil, so are the necessary sterilization times are still too long. The achievable with the TPU film Temperature is sufficient in good sunlight, the soil in more satisfactory Depth to sterilize.
Die thermische Abtötung der Schädlinge ist eine Funktion von Temperatur und Zeit, je niedriger die Temperaturen sind desto länger ist die Sterilisationszeit. Die Sonnenenergie kann auch in warmen Regionen wie Südeuropa den Boden nur kurzzeitig auf Temperaturen im Sterilisationsbereich erwärmen, da im Verlauf eines Tag/Nacht Zyklus das Erdreich zu schnell wieder auskühlt. Für eine wirkungsvolle Sterilisation sollte die über Tag ins Erdreich eingetragene Wärme bevorzugt auch über Nacht im Erdreich gehalten werden. Dieses wird erfindungsgemäß durch die Abdeckung des Bodens mit einer Folie bevorzugt über Nacht erreicht, wodurch das Auskühlen der Erde verzögert wird. Bevorzugt wird das Erdreich bis zu einer Tiefe von 40 cm über eine Zeit von mindestens einer Woche, bevorzugt 1 bis 8 Wochen, besonders bevorzugt 2 bis 3 Wochen auf eine Temperatur von durchschnittlich mindestens 40°C erwärmt. Dafür wird die Folie bevorzugt über eine Dauer von 1 bis 8 Wochen Tagen auf dem Erdreich belassen. Die Folie wird bevorzugt einlagig oder doppellagig direkt auf das Erdreich gelegt und bevorzugt am Rand durch Erde befestigt zur Fixierung und Abdichtung. Die Folie kann auch in einer Lage direkt auf das Erdreich gelegt und die zweite Lage als Tunnel darüber gespannt werden. Thermal killing of pests is a function of temperature and time, the lower the temperatures, the longer the sterilization time. The solar energy Even in warm regions such as southern Europe, the soil can only be used for a short time to warm up to temperatures in the sterilization area, as during the course of a day / night Cycle the soil cools down too quickly again. For effective sterilization should the heat introduced into the soil during the day preferably also in the night To be kept in the ground. This is inventively by the cover of Soil with a foil preferably reached overnight, whereby the cooling of the Earth is delayed. Preferably, the soil is over to a depth of 40 cm a time of at least one week, preferably 1 to 8 weeks, more preferably 2 to 3 weeks warmed to a temperature of at least 40 ° C on average. For the film is preferably over a period of 1 to 8 weeks days leave the soil. The film is preferably single-layered or double-layered directly on laid the soil and preferably attached to the edge by soil for fixation and Seal. The film can also be placed in a layer directly on the ground and the second layer can be stretched as a tunnel over it.
Um eine besonders effiziente Erwärmung des Erdreiches zu bewirken, sind Folien bevorzugt, die transparent sind.To effect a particularly efficient heating of the soil, are films preferably, which are transparent.
Bevorzugt weist die Folie eine Dicke zwischen 0,005 mm und 1 mm, besonders bevorzugt zwischen 0,03 mm und 0,08 mm auf, insbesondere zwischen 0,05 mm und 0,08 mm.Preferably, the film has a thickness between 0.005 mm and 1 mm, particularly preferably between 0.03 mm and 0.08 mm, in particular between 0.05 mm and 0.08 mm.
Bevorzugt sind somit Folien, die mindestens 1 Schicht aufweisen, gegebenenfalls eingefärbt sind, bevorzugt aber transparent bis transluzent sind und eine Dicke von 0,005 mm bis 1,000 mm aufweisen.Thus, films which have at least 1 layer are preferably colored, if appropriate are but preferably transparent to translucent and have a thickness of 0.005 mm to 1.000 mm.
Als Material zur Herstellung der Folie wird thermoplastisches Polyurethan, im Folgenden auch als TPU bezeichnet, eingesetzt, das allgemein bekannt, vielfältig beschrieben und kommerziell erhältlich ist. Bevorzugt weisen die erfindungsgemäßen TPU eine zumindest teilkristalline Weichphase auf. TPU zeichnen sich unter anderem durch gute Festigkeiten, Abriebe, Weiterreißfestigkeiten und Chemikalienbeständigkeit aus, und können in nahezu beliebiger Härte durch geeignete Rohstoffzusammensetzung hergestellt werden. Zusätzlich bieten TPU den Vorteil einer kostengünstigen Herstellung, beispielsweise nach dem Band- oder dem Reaktionsextruderverfahren, die kontinuierlich oder diskontinuierlich durchgeführt werden können, und die einfache Thermoplastverarbeitung. Die Herstellung von Folien aus dem thermoplastischem Polyurethan beispielsweise mittels Extrusion, z.B. unter Verwendung üblicher Blasköpfe oder Breitschlitzdüsen ist dem Fachmann allgemein bekannt.As a material for producing the film is thermoplastic polyurethane, hereinafter also referred to as TPU, used, the well-known, widely described and is commercially available. The TPUs according to the invention preferably have one at least partially crystalline soft phase. TPU are characterized by good ones Strengths, Abriebe, tear strengths and chemical resistance from, and can be produced in almost any hardness by suitable raw material composition become. In addition, TPUs offer the advantage of cost-effective production, for example, after the belt or the reaction extruder process, the continuous or discontinuous, and simple thermoplastic processing. The production of films from the thermoplastic polyurethane, for example by extrusion, e.g. using conventional blow heads or slot dies is well known to those skilled in the art.
Üblicherweise erfolgt die Herstellung durch die Umsetzung von (a) Diisocyanaten, im vorliegenden Fall bevorzugt aliphatischen Diisocyanaten, mit (b) gegenüber Isocyanaten reaktiven Verbindungen mit einem Molekulargewicht von 500 g/mol bis 8000 g/mol gegebenenfalls in Gegenwart von (c) Kettenverlängerungsmitteln mit einem Molekulargewicht von 60 g/mol bis 499 g/mol, (d) Katalysatoren und/oder (e) üblichen Hilfsstoffen.Usually, the preparation is carried out by the reaction of (a) diisocyanates, in the present case, preferably aliphatic diisocyanates, with (b) over isocyanates reactive compounds having a molecular weight of 500 g / mol to 8000 g / mol optionally in the presence of (c) chain extenders with a molecular weight of 60 g / mol to 499 g / mol, (d) catalysts and / or (e) conventional excipients.
Zur Einstellung von Härte der TPUs können die Aufbaukomponenten (b) und (c) in relativ breiten molaren Verhältnissen variiert werden. Bewährt haben sich molare Verhältnisse von Komponente (b) zu insgesamt einzusetzenden Kettenverlängerungsmitteln (c) von 1 : 0,5 bis 1 : 8, insbesondere von 1 : 1 bis 1 : 4, wobei die Härte der TPUs mit zunehmendem Gehalt an (c) ansteigt. Die Umsetzung zur Herstellung der TPU kann bei einer Kennzahl von 0,8 bis 1,2 : 1, bevorzugt bei einer Kennzahl von 0,9 bis 1 : 1 erfolgen. Die Kennzahl ist definiert durch das Verhältnis der insgesamt bei der Umsetzung eingesetzten Isocyanatgruppen der Komponente (a) zu den gegenüber Isocyanaten reaktiven Gruppen, d.h. den aktiven Wasserstoffen, der Komponenten (b) und gegebenenfalls (c) und gegebenenfalls monofunktionellen gegenüber Isocyanaten reaktiven Komponenten als Kettenabbruchsmitteln wie z.B. Monoalkoholen. Die Herstellung der thermoplastischen Polyurethane erfolgt üblicherweise im One-shotoder Prepolymerverfahren auf der Bandanlage oder auf dem Reaktionsextruder. Hierbei werden die zur Reaktion kommenden Komponenten (a), (b) und (c) und gegebenenfalls Kettenabbruchsmitteln gemeinsam oder in bestimmter Reihenfolge vereinigt und zur Reaktion gebracht. Beim Reaktionsextruderverfahren werden die Aufbaukomponenten (a) bis (c) sowie gegebenenfalls Kettenabbruchmittel, (d) und/oder (e) einzeln oder als Gemisch in den Extruder eingeführt, z.B. bei Temperaturen von 100 bis 250°C, vorzugsweise 140 bis 220°C zur Reaktion gebracht, das erhaltene TPU wird extrudiert, abgekühlt und granuliert. Die Herstellung der TPU-Folie kann nach allgemein bekannten Verfahren erfolgen.To adjust the hardness of the TPUs, the assembly components (b) and (c) can be used in be varied relatively wide molar ratios. Proved to have molar Ratios of component (b) to total chain extenders to be used (c) from 1: 0.5 to 1: 8, in particular from 1: 1 to 1: 4, wherein the hardness of the TPUs increase with increasing content of (c). The implementation for the production of TPU can be at a ratio of 0.8 to 1.2: 1, preferably at a ratio of 0.9 to 1: 1. The ratio is defined by the ratio of the total at the reaction used isocyanate groups of component (a) to the opposite Isocyanate-reactive groups, i. active hydrogens, components (b) and optionally (c) and optionally monofunctional towards isocyanates reactive components as chain terminators such as e.g. Monoalcohols. The production The thermoplastic polyurethane is usually carried out in the one-shot or Prepolymer process on the belt plant or on the reaction extruder. In this case, the components (a), (b) and (c) and optionally chain terminators together or in a specific order combined and reacted. In the reaction extruder process the structural components (a) to (c) and, if appropriate, chain terminating agents, (d) and / or (e) introduced individually or as a mixture into the extruder, e.g. at Temperatures of 100 to 250 ° C, preferably 140 to 220 ° C reacted, the resulting TPU is extruded, cooled and granulated. The production of the TPU film can be done by well-known methods.
Die bei der Herstellung der TPUs üblicherweise verwendeten Komponenten (a), (b),
(c) sowie gegebenenfalls (e) und/oder (f) sollen im Folgenden beispielhaft beschrieben
werden:
Genannte Hilfsstoffe bzw. Additive können dem TPU direkt bei der Synthese oder erst bei der thermoplastischen Verarbeitung in Substanz oder eingearbeitet in einem Träger, z.B. TPU, als sogenannte Masterbatches zugesetzt werden.
Said auxiliaries or additives can be added to the TPU directly during the synthesis or only during the thermoplastic processing in bulk or incorporated in a carrier, for example TPU, as so-called masterbatches.
Neben den genannten Rohstoffen (a)-(e) können auch Kettenabbruchsmittel mit einem Molekulargewicht von 46 bis 499 eingesetzt werden. Solche Kettenabbruchsmittel sind Verbindungen, die lediglich eine gegenüber Isocyanaten reaktive funktionelle Gruppe aufweisen, wie z.B. Monoalkohole. Durch solche Kettenabbruchsmittel kann das Fließverhalten gezielt eingestellt werden.In addition to the above raw materials (a) - (e) can also chain stopper with a Molecular weight of 46 to 499 can be used. Such chain terminators are Compounds containing only one isocyanate-reactive functional group such as e.g. Monoalcohols. By such chain stopper, the flow behavior be targeted.
Nähere Angaben über die oben genannten Hilfsmittel- und Zusatzstoffe sind der Fachliteratur zu entnehmen. Alle in dieser Schrift genannten Molekulargewichte weisen die Einheit [g/mol] auf und stellen das Zahlenmittel des Molekulargewichtes dar.Further details of the auxiliaries and additives mentioned above are the specialist literature refer to. All molecular weights mentioned in this document have the Unit [g / mol] and represent the number average molecular weight.
Erfindungsgemäß besonders bevorzugt ist eine Folie auf der Basis von thermoplastischem Polyurethan, die die folgenden Eigenschaften aufweist: gute Lichtdurchlässigkeit für UV vis Strahlung sowie eine hohe Absorption /Reflektion von IR Strahlung bevorzugt im Wellenzahlbereich 500 bis 1500 cm-1.Particularly preferred according to the invention is a thermoplastic polyurethane-based film which has the following properties: good light transmission for UV-vis radiation and high absorption / reflection of IR radiation, preferably in the wavenumber range 500 to 1500 cm -1 .
Bevorzugt ist die Folie UV stabilisiert. Bevorzugt ist die Folie mit einem üblichen Antifog
Additiv ausgerüstet. Bevorzugt weist die Folie eine hohe Reiß- und Weiterreißfestigkeit
auf.
Gerade eine solche Folie hat sich als besonders geeignet herausgestellt in der Landwirtschaftlichen
Nutzung, da thermoplastische Polyurethane bereits eine natürlich gute
Lichtdurchlässigkeit für UV vis Strahlung sowie eine hohe Absorption /Reflektion von
IR Strahlung bevorzugt im Wellenzahlbereich 500 bis 1500 cm-1 aufweisen.Preferably, the film is UV stabilized. Preferably, the film is equipped with a conventional anti-fog additive. Preferably, the film has a high tear and tear propagation resistance.
Especially such a film has been found to be particularly suitable in agricultural use, since thermoplastic polyurethanes already have a naturally good light transmission for UV vis radiation and a high absorption / reflection of IR radiation preferably in the wavenumber range 500 to 1500 cm -1 .
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren beruht somit darauf, dass die Folie tagsüber eine möglichst hohe Erwärmung des Erdreiches durch die Sonnenenergie zulässt und nachts eine Auskühlung des Erdreiches verhindert um die Durchschnittstemperatur im Erdreich zu Erhöhen (Prinzip des Treibhauseffektes).The inventive method is thus based on the fact that the film during the day as high as possible warming of the soil by the solar energy permits and at night, a cooling of the soil prevented by the average temperature Increase in soil (principle of the greenhouse effect).
Claims (6)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE2003136882 DE10336882A1 (en) | 2003-08-08 | 2003-08-08 | Process for sterilizing soil used for growing fruit and vegetables using heat comprises covering the soil with a film based on thermoplastic polyurethane |
DE10336882 | 2003-08-08 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP1530974A1 true EP1530974A1 (en) | 2005-05-18 |
Family
ID=34177463
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP04017137A Withdrawn EP1530974A1 (en) | 2003-08-08 | 2004-07-21 | Process for the sterilisation of soil |
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Country | Link |
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EP (1) | EP1530974A1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE10336882A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2006060262A1 (en) * | 2004-11-30 | 2006-06-08 | Deerfield Urethane, Inc. | At least two-layer film with at least one layer composed of thermoplastic polyurethanes, and use thereof for soil-warming of soils utilized for agriculture |
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DE2261908A1 (en) * | 1972-12-18 | 1974-07-11 | Emil Dipl-Ing Dengler | Opaque, weighted plastic sheets - useful for preventing growth of weeds |
US3870583A (en) * | 1971-07-07 | 1975-03-11 | Terra Tex Corp | Pre-formed, mulch carpet and apparatus and method for making same |
US4896453A (en) * | 1987-08-17 | 1990-01-30 | Sotralentz S.A. | Growth-preventing web for ground covering |
EP0385557A1 (en) * | 1989-03-03 | 1990-09-05 | DIGEMA DESIGN B.V. Handelend onder de Naam DIGEMA RECYCLING | Soil improving material based on polyurethane |
DE19818740A1 (en) * | 1998-04-27 | 1999-11-04 | Joachim Boesch | Vegetation-suppressing ground cover comprising plastic sheeting, preventing weed competition |
EP1101399A2 (en) * | 1999-11-17 | 2001-05-23 | EBERT, Reinhard | Elongated narrow covering, particularly for asparagus beds |
EP1245639A1 (en) * | 2001-03-28 | 2002-10-02 | Bayer Ag | Lightfast thermoplastic polyurethanes, process for their preparation and their use |
-
2003
- 2003-08-08 DE DE2003136882 patent/DE10336882A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2004
- 2004-07-21 EP EP04017137A patent/EP1530974A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US3870583A (en) * | 1971-07-07 | 1975-03-11 | Terra Tex Corp | Pre-formed, mulch carpet and apparatus and method for making same |
DE2261908A1 (en) * | 1972-12-18 | 1974-07-11 | Emil Dipl-Ing Dengler | Opaque, weighted plastic sheets - useful for preventing growth of weeds |
US4896453A (en) * | 1987-08-17 | 1990-01-30 | Sotralentz S.A. | Growth-preventing web for ground covering |
EP0385557A1 (en) * | 1989-03-03 | 1990-09-05 | DIGEMA DESIGN B.V. Handelend onder de Naam DIGEMA RECYCLING | Soil improving material based on polyurethane |
DE19818740A1 (en) * | 1998-04-27 | 1999-11-04 | Joachim Boesch | Vegetation-suppressing ground cover comprising plastic sheeting, preventing weed competition |
EP1101399A2 (en) * | 1999-11-17 | 2001-05-23 | EBERT, Reinhard | Elongated narrow covering, particularly for asparagus beds |
EP1245639A1 (en) * | 2001-03-28 | 2002-10-02 | Bayer Ag | Lightfast thermoplastic polyurethanes, process for their preparation and their use |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2006060262A1 (en) * | 2004-11-30 | 2006-06-08 | Deerfield Urethane, Inc. | At least two-layer film with at least one layer composed of thermoplastic polyurethanes, and use thereof for soil-warming of soils utilized for agriculture |
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DE10336882A1 (en) | 2005-03-10 |
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