EP1525530A2 - Dispositif de conversion, appareil d'automatisation pourvu d'un dispositif de conversion et environnement de developpement comprenant un appareil d'automatisation pourvu dudit dispositif de conversion - Google Patents

Dispositif de conversion, appareil d'automatisation pourvu d'un dispositif de conversion et environnement de developpement comprenant un appareil d'automatisation pourvu dudit dispositif de conversion

Info

Publication number
EP1525530A2
EP1525530A2 EP03783948A EP03783948A EP1525530A2 EP 1525530 A2 EP1525530 A2 EP 1525530A2 EP 03783948 A EP03783948 A EP 03783948A EP 03783948 A EP03783948 A EP 03783948A EP 1525530 A2 EP1525530 A2 EP 1525530A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
instruction
source code
control program
code
parameters
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
EP03783948A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Armin Amrhein
Klaus Göbel
Ulrich Göddemeier
Bernhard Jany
Werner Kuske
Thilo Opatherny
Manfred Prechtl
Georg Rupprecht
Dietmar Schulz
Lothar Trapp
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP1525530A2 publication Critical patent/EP1525530A2/fr
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F8/00—Arrangements for software engineering
    • G06F8/40—Transformation of program code
    • G06F8/52—Binary to binary

Definitions

  • Transfer device automation device with a transfer device and development environment with an automation device with transfer device
  • the present invention relates to the technical field of monitoring control programs, in particular such control programs as are used for the control and / or monitoring of technical processes.
  • the invention relates to a conversion device, an automation device with such a conversion device and a
  • debuggers are generally known, for example for their commissioning or maintenance.
  • a debugger it is e.g. B. possible to run a control program step by step, so that one instruction after the other is always executed from the large number of individual instructions from which a control program is composed. The effect of the execution of each individual instruction can be observed.
  • the observation option relates not only to the changes in the screen contents possibly caused by the respective instruction or to changes in the status of the technical process, but also to the contents of registers, such as B. processor registers, the respective target hardware on which the ' control program runs.
  • Such a debugger is usually used on the same target hardware as the control program itself. If the debugger is limited due to limited resources of the target hardware, such as As storage space, computing power, etc., can not be executed on the target hardware, the debugger is executed on a programming or monitoring device communicatively connected to the target hardware. The de- bugger then accesses data provided for the purpose of monitoring the control program.
  • the performance of a debugger extends from simple monitoring functions. B. only the effects of the individual instructions can be represented up to complex possibilities of influence, in which the execution of the control program z. B. can be influenced by changing individual memory or register contents.
  • a computer such as a personal computer, a programming device or the like, is used to execute the debugger.
  • a monitoring device is provided for displaying the respective data, that is to say a computer with reduced performance, for example a computer.
  • programming or monitoring devices are collectively referred to as programming devices.
  • a method for operating an automation system with a programming device and target hardware in the form of an automation device is known from EP 0 990 964 AI.
  • the target hardware provided for the control and / or monitoring of a technical process can be monitored by means of the programming device provided for operating and monitoring the automation device.
  • one or more data addresses of the control program and a code address for each data address selected for monitoring are selected on the programming device. These addresses are transmitted from the programming device to the target hardware by means of a request telegram.
  • the code address is reached, the content of the data address (es) assigned is recorded on the target hardware and transmitted to the programming device as part of a result message.
  • Such monitoring of a control program is also referred to as "remote debugging".
  • a disadvantage of known monitoring methods and / or known debuggers is that on the one hand not all information is always accessible because, for. B. the storage space of any intermediate results is not known. Furthermore, individual information - for example in the case of indirectly referenced parameters - can only be accessed with considerable effort because, with a conventional addition command of the form "add to the content of the accumulator, the content of the memory address FF03", the display of the respective memory area must be selected manually Information is not accessible at all during remote debugging, or only with significantly more effort, because remote processor debugging does not stop the processor of the target hardware executing the control program to be monitored and therefore it is not possible to "look up" the contents of individual memory addresses.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of avoiding the disadvantages mentioned above and of specifying a possibility with which it is also possible to monitor the execution of a control program on target hardware which was not previously known.
  • the conversion device is provided for obtaining a control program which is executable or executable on a target hardware and which is based on an original code with a number of instructions.
  • the conversion device has access to a database in which a transformation rule is stored for each permitted instruction of the source code.
  • the conversion device supplements each instruction in such a way that the or each parameter which is used and / or influenced by the instruction or can be used and / or influenced can be logged.
  • the transformation regulation includes information for supplementing the instruction with regard to the logging of the respective parameters and is evaluated accordingly by the conversion device.
  • the parameters influenced by an instruction are understood in particular to be the individual operands of the respective instruction - in the case of an addition, that is, the two summands - but also register and memory contents and so-called flags, insofar as they are used or influenced in the execution of the instruction .
  • the invention is based on the knowledge that when the executable control program is obtained from the source code, which is in each case the underlying code, a source code or intermediate code obtained therefrom, all the information is available which is necessary for a later, complete monitoring of the execution of the control program.
  • the register mentioned is e.g. B. the so-called accumulator, which is often used in operations such as additions and the like.
  • the further indented passages of the pseudo code contain its additions with regard to the logging of the parameters used.
  • the transformation instruction includes the conversion of the addition command into two separate instructions.
  • the information associated with the transformation rule or contained in the transformation rule for logging the respective parameters is, for example, B.
  • B the information associated with the transformation rule or contained in the transformation rule for logging the respective parameters.
  • addition command can be executed differently on another target hardware if, for. B. Operations with three operands are permitted.
  • the addition command in a pseudo code is something like this:
  • the invention is therefore also particularly suitable for those use cases in which a source code is first transformed into an intermediate language. Based on this intermediate language as the source code, it can then be converted into a control program that can run on a specific target hardware. This ensures independence from the respective target hardware. When exchanging or upgrading a first target hardware for or to a second target hardware, only a conversion of the intermediate language into the machine code that can be executed by the respective target hardware is required. This implementation can even be carried out by the target hardware itself. After the control software has been created in a suitable programming language, the existing source code is transformed into the intermediate language. The control program in the intermediate language can be executed on the target hardware after it has been implemented.
  • the advantage of the invention thus consists, on the one hand, in the expanded monitoring options with regard to information previously not or only with considerable effort, as described above, and, on the other hand, in that, despite the most varied or previously unknown target hardware, the monitoring option of the control program running on this target hardware is retained remains.
  • automation device summarizes the hardware used to control and / or monitor the respective technical process, the target hardware.
  • the term automation device can just as a single device, such as. B. a programmable controller or the like, as well as a combination of several such devices, for. B. communicatively with each other and connected to a host computer programmable controllers with connected peripheral devices.
  • control program is the executable - z. B. in a machine code - present version of the control program.
  • this basically refers to all versions of the control program, namely the control program in source or source code, as created by a programmer in the respective programming language, the control program in an intermediate language - intermediate code - as a result of Transformation of the source code and the control program in the form suitable for execution on the target hardware as a result of a corresponding implementation of the control program in the intermediate language or as a result of a direct implementation of the source code.
  • FIG. 1 shows a development environment with an automation device as target hardware and a programming device
  • FIG. 2 shows schematically the creation of a control program
  • 3 shows a section of a source code on which the control program is based
  • Automation device 11 and programming device 12 are communicatively connected to one another via separate interfaces 13, 14 and a data transmission path 15.
  • the automation device 11 is provided in a manner known per se for controlling and / or monitoring a technical process 16 which is only shown schematically.
  • the control and / or monitoring of the technical process 16 takes place in accordance with a control program 17 executed by the automation device 11.
  • Any electrically conductive connection between the automation and programming device 11, 12 can be considered as the data transmission link 15.
  • a connection by means of optical or electromagnetic signals can also be considered as the data transmission path 15.
  • the automation device 11 is, for. B. a programmable logic controller, a process computer or otherwise Influencing the technical process 16 suitably designed standard computers.
  • the programming device 12 is usually suitable and provided for creating or modifying a source code 18 on which the control program 17 is based.
  • a separate programming device 12 is usually provided because peripherals in the form of at least one input and output device, such as a keyboard or a screen (not shown), are required to create or modify the source code 18.
  • Such periphery is usually not present on the automation device 11, since it is only required temporarily - during the creation or modification of the source code 18 - and is often also unsuitable for permanent use in harsh industrial environments. Nevertheless, there are automation devices 11 in which a programming device 12 is already integrated. The following description applies accordingly to such devices.
  • FIG. 2 schematically shows the creation of the control program 17.
  • An intermediate code 19 and the control program 17 are obtained from the source code 18.
  • the intermediate code 19 is generated by transforming the source code 18 into a meta or intermediate language.
  • the control program 17 is generated by converting 21 the intermediate code 19 into a form that can be executed on the respective target hardware, the automation device 11.
  • the source code 18 has a number of successive source code instructions 22, 23, 24, 25, the respective source code instructions 22 -25 themselves and their sequence determining the functionality of the later control program 17.
  • the source code instructions 22-25 include e.g. B. loading and transfer commands known per se, commands for executing arithmetic or logic operations, same commands, jump commands, etc. and, if necessary, compound commands.
  • the source code instruction 22 comprises a number of parameters, namely the source code parameters "a" 26, "b” 27, "c” 28 and "d" 29.
  • a multiplication part of the source code instruction 22 relates to the multiplication of the source code parameters "c "28 and” d "29.
  • An addition part of the source code instruction 22 relates to the addition of the source code parameter" b "27 and the intermediate result of the multiplication part.
  • an assignment part of the source code instruction 22 relates to the assignment of the result of the aforementioned addition to the source code parameter "a" 26.
  • a source code reference number 30 is assigned to the source code instruction 22 for the unique identification and referencing of each source code instruction 22-26.
  • the source code reference number 30 corresponds to a numbering of the source code instructions 22-26, so that each source code instruction 22-26 receives a unique source code reference number 30.
  • the intermediate code instruction 31 corresponds to the implemented functionality of the source code instruction 22 (FIG. 4).
  • the intermediate code instruction 31 is divided into two parts 32, 33, the first part 32 covering the addition part and the second part 33 covering the multiplication part of the source code instruction 22.
  • the intermediate code instruction 31 also includes an intermediate code reference number 34.
  • Source and intermediate code reference numbers 30, 34 do not necessarily have to have the same numerical value - here, for example, "117" have, however, it must be guaranteed that each source code reference number 30 is assigned exactly one intermediate code reference number 34 and vice versa. This can be done particularly easily using the same numerical value, but otherwise z. B. also achieve via a so-called look-up table. In the case of a multi-part intermediate code instruction 31, a sub-referencing 35 may also be useful. B. includes the intermediate code reference number 34 and the status of a counter incremented for each part 32, 33 of the intermediate code instruction 31. In the same way, it can be provided that for each part 32, 33 of the intermediate code instruction 31, a separate intermediate code reference number 34 is assigned and which intermediate code reference number 34 and which source code reference number 30 belong together are stored.
  • an intermediate code parameter 36, 37, 38, 39 corresponds to the corresponding source code parameter 26-28. To distinguish it from the source code parameters 26-28, the intermediate code parameters 36-39 are shown with capital letters - "A” 36, "B” 37, “C” 38, "D” 39 -.
  • any intermediate results are referred to as indirect parameters 40. These are designated with the Greek letter “ ⁇ " - and as the only interim result with the index "1".
  • the indirect parameters include 40 z. B. also so-called flags (not shown). This saves additional information that is generated when individual instructions are executed. Such additional information relates e.g. B. on one
  • the logging of the parameters to be monitored is shown in FIG. 5 by two logging instructions 41, 42.
  • Each part 32, 33 of the intermediate code instruction 31 is supplemented by a logging instruction 41, 42.
  • the intermediate code instruction 31 itself is thus also supplemented by the logging instructions 41, 42.
  • the logging instructions 41, 42 are not part of the intermediate code 19 but already part of the executable control program 17, because the logging instructions are generated with or after the implementation of the intermediate code instruction 31 into an executable form.
  • the logging comprises, as character string 43, the intermediate code reference number 34 in order to enable the assignment of the logged parameters to the respective intermediate code instruction 31 in which the parameters were influenced or could be influenced, as well as the intermediate code parameters 36-39 used and the intermediate result 40 used.
  • the possibly. required logging of flags is not taken into account in the description above. However, their logging is carried out analogously to the logging of the parameters used in each case.
  • the solution contained in solution 31 in advance stipulates which flags, if necessary, to be influenced . When each operation is implemented, all flags that can be influenced are logged accordingly.
  • FIG 6 shows a memory 50 of the automation device 11 representing the target hardware.
  • the control program 17 and at least sections of the intermediate code 19 on which the control program 17 is based are stored in the memory 50.
  • the executable control program 17 is obtained by means of a conversion device 51 implemented as software and therefore also stored in the memory 50.
  • the functionality of the conversion device 51 can alternatively also be implemented as hardware, in which case the corresponding.
  • Automation device 11 z. B. a corresponding ASIC (not shown) is provided.
  • the control program 17 is based on an original code - according to the exemplary description of the intermediate code 19 based on the source code 18 5.
  • the source code 18 comprises a number of instructions 22-25 (FIG. 3), wherein at least one instruction 31 (FIG. 5) intermediate code 19 belongs to each instruction 22 -25 in the source code 18.
  • control program 17 can be monitored in the manner described above, logging of the parameters used and / or influenced or usable and / or influenceable is provided.
  • the logging is carried out by means of the logging instructions 41, 42 (FIG. 5) that are inserted into the control program and generated when the or each intermediate code instruction 31 is implemented.
  • the conversion device 51 has access to a database 52.
  • a transformation rule 53 (only shown schematically) is stored in this for each permissible intermediate code instruction 31.
  • the database 52 thus includes a transformation rule 53 for the transformation of assignment commands, a transformation rule 53 for the transformation of addition commands, a transformation rule 53 for the transformation of multiplication commands, etc. , Etc .
  • the conversion device 51 has means 54, 55, 56 for supplementing each intermediate code instruction 31 with one or more logging instructions 41, 42, so that the or each parameter 36 -40 is used and / or influenced by the intermediate code instruction 31 or can be used and / or influenced, can be logged.
  • the means 54, 55, 56 mentioned are implemented as software functionality and correspondingly represented as function blocks, but in individual cases can also be implemented as hardware - in the form of an ASIC (not shown).
  • the means 54, 55, 56 comprise a first means 54 for retrieving and analyzing in each case an instruction of the source code. des, the respective intermediate code instruction 31.
  • To analyze the or each instruction z. B. uses the functionality of a so-called parser. After analyzing the respective intermediate code instruction 31, it is clear whether, for. B. there is an instruction with an assignment command or an instruction with an addition command, so that the corresponding transformation rule 53 is then called up from the database 52 with a second means 55 and the intermediate code instruction 31 is transformed.
  • This second means 55 also supplements the respective intermediate code instruction 31 in such a way that the or each parameter 36-40, which is used and / or influenced by the intermediate code instruction 31 or can be used and / or influenced, can be logged. I.e.
  • the second means 55 supplements the respective intermediate code instruction 31 with the logging instructions 41, 42 (FIG. 5).
  • the logging instructions 41, 42 can be inserted in the control program 17 before or after the executable counterpart of the respective instruction, depending on when a parameter 36-40 is used.
  • For instructions of the form "A A + B" it is also z.
  • a third means 56 is provided in order to integrate the transformed - ie executable form - of the instruction together with the logging instructions 41, 42 into the control program 17.
  • the added logging instructions 41, 42 are executed before or after each instruction.
  • the parameters 36-40 logged in this way are transmitted to the programming device 12 via the interfaces 13, 14 and the data transmission path 15 and can be displayed there together with the underlying source code 18 for monitoring and diagnostic purposes.
  • the assignment of the logged parameters 36-40 to the original source code instructions 22-25 takes place by means of the source code reference number 30 and the character string 43 logged by each logging instruction 41, 42, which corresponds to the intermediate code reference number 34.
  • the first logged value represents the value of the indirect parameter 40 and thus the intermediate result of the multiplication part of the underlying source code instruction 22.
  • the second and third logged values represent the value of the intermediate code parameters "C" 38 and "D” 39 and thus correspondingly the value of the corresponding source code parameters "c" 28 and "d” 29, etc.
  • the result is a character string (string) in which "117” again represents the intermediate code reference number 34 as character string 43.
  • the characters (chains) "oci”, “C”, and “D” as declarative identifiers allow the assignment of the logged values to the parameters to be monitored.
  • the logged parameters 36-40 are transmitted to the interface 14 of the automation device 11 and from there to the programming device 12. If no programming device 12 is connected to the automation device 11, the transmission of the logged parameters is omitted
  • the transmission of the logged parameters 36-40 begins when a prerable source or intermediate code reference number 30, 34 is reached and when another one is reached specifiable source or intermediate code reference number 30, 34 ends.
  • selectable sections of the control program 17 can be specifically examined.
  • means are not shown that z. B. Are part of the interface 14 or the associated interface interface and filter the logged parameters 36-40 such that only those parameters 36-40 are transmitted to the programming device 12 via the interface 14 that were logged for such instructions that are in the range of the given source or intermediate code reference numbers 30, 34.
  • each instruction of the source code is supplemented by logging instructions 41, 42 when the control program is generated from an original code - a source code or an intermediate code based on the source code.
  • the logging instructions 41, 42 effect the logging of all parameters 36-40 which can be used and / or influenced by the respective instruction.
  • the logging instructions 41, 42 are supplemented on the basis of information which is part of a transformation rule 53 for transforming the respective instruction into an executable form.
  • a transformation rule 53 for transforming the respective instruction into an executable form.
  • These parameters 3 6 -40 and the information required to access them are part of the logging instructions 41, 42. This makes it possible to monitor the execution of a control program 17 on the basis of the logged parameters 36-40, regardless of the respective target hardware, since the respective value of the parameters 36-40 is logged at any time and no access, for example by means of a programming device 12, to register contents of the target hardware is required is.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Software Systems (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Programmable Controllers (AREA)
  • Debugging And Monitoring (AREA)
  • Stored Programmes (AREA)
  • Testing And Monitoring For Control Systems (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif de conversion (51) servant à l'extraction d'un programme de gestion (17) exécuté ou exécutable sur un matériel cible, programme sur lequel est basé un code d'origine comprenant un certain nombre d'instructions (22, 31), un appareil d'automatisation (11) pourvu de ce dispositif de conversion (51) et un environnement de développement comprenant cet appareil d'automatisation (11), lequel dispositif de conversion possède un accès à une base de données (52) dans laquelle une règle de transformation (53) est mémorisée pour chaque instruction (22, 31). Ledit dispositif de conversion est caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte des moyens (54, 55, 56) permettant de compléter chaque instruction (22, 31), de sorte que le paramètre (36-40), qui est ou peut être utilisé et/ou influencé par cette instruction (22, 31), peut être consigné. Selon ladite invention, cette règle de transformation (53) contient des informations servant à compléter l'instruction (22, 31) par rapport à la consignation du paramètre respectif (36-40).
EP03783948A 2002-08-02 2003-08-01 Dispositif de conversion, appareil d'automatisation pourvu d'un dispositif de conversion et environnement de developpement comprenant un appareil d'automatisation pourvu dudit dispositif de conversion Ceased EP1525530A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2002135504 DE10235504A1 (de) 2002-08-02 2002-08-02 Umsetzeinrichtung, Automatisierungsgerät mit einer Umsetzeinrichtung und Entwicklungsumgebung mit einem Automatisierungsgerät mit Umsetzeinrichtung
DE10235504 2002-08-02
PCT/DE2003/002594 WO2004015564A2 (fr) 2002-08-02 2003-08-01 Dispositif de conversion, appareil d'automatisation pourvu d'un dispositif de conversion et environnement de developpement comprenant un appareil d'automatisation pourvu dudit dispositif de conversion

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1525530A2 true EP1525530A2 (fr) 2005-04-27

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EP03783948A Ceased EP1525530A2 (fr) 2002-08-02 2003-08-01 Dispositif de conversion, appareil d'automatisation pourvu d'un dispositif de conversion et environnement de developpement comprenant un appareil d'automatisation pourvu dudit dispositif de conversion

Country Status (3)

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EP (1) EP1525530A2 (fr)
DE (1) DE10235504A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2004015564A2 (fr)

Families Citing this family (2)

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DE502006006706D1 (de) 2006-06-20 2010-05-27 Siemens Ag Verfahren zur Überwachung eines zyklischen Steuerungsprogramms
EP2602678B1 (fr) * 2011-12-07 2014-08-13 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Procédé de traduction d'un programme de commande disponible dans un langage d'automatisation en un langage intermédiaire

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US5812850A (en) * 1995-11-13 1998-09-22 Object Technology Licensing Corp. Object-oriented symbolic debugger using a compiler driven database and state modeling to control program execution
US6826749B2 (en) * 1998-12-08 2004-11-30 Nazomi Communications, Inc. Java hardware accelerator using thread manager
US6553565B2 (en) * 1999-04-23 2003-04-22 Sun Microsystems, Inc Method and apparatus for debugging optimized code

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DASSEN J.H.M.; SPRINKHUIZEN-KUYPER I.G.: "Debugging techniques", 1999, LEIDEN UNIVERSITY, NETHERLAND, pages 1 - 4, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:http://www.oopweb.com/CPP/Documents/DebugCPP/Volume/techniques.html#PRINTF> [retrieved on 20070626] *
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SPRINKHUIZEN-KUYPER IDA: "Ida Sprinkhuizen-Kuyper: Publications in Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence", LEIDEN UNIVERSITY, NETHERLAND, pages 1 - 9, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:http://www.nici.ru.nl/~idak/publications/AllPubsCS.html> [retrieved on 20070616] *
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE10235504A1 (de) 2004-02-12
WO2004015564A2 (fr) 2004-02-19
WO2004015564A3 (fr) 2004-07-15

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